CN209264817U - Passive wireless current sensor based on double-winding current transformer - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种基于双绕组电流互感器的无源无线电流传感器,包括双绕组电流互感器、互感取能模块、能量存储模块、电流传感模块、信号处理模块、无线发射模块,双绕组电流互感器包括一个与被测线路连接的一次侧绕组和两个二次侧绕组,两个二次侧绕组分别与互感取能模块和电流传感模块连接。本实用新型可应用于智能电网电能监控系统,无需外部供电系统提供能源,仅使用一个互感器进行能量收集和电流传感,减小了系统的体积,方便安装。本实用新型可以根据传感模块测得的电流大小进行最大功率跟踪,大大提高了取能模块的功率输出,减小了系统启动电流,从而提高了传感器的可靠性、扩展了使用范围。
A passive wireless current sensor based on a double-winding current transformer, including a double-winding current transformer, a mutual inductance energy acquisition module, an energy storage module, a current sensing module, a signal processing module, and a wireless transmission module. The double-winding current transformer includes One primary side winding connected with the tested line and two secondary side windings, the two secondary side windings are respectively connected with the mutual inductance energy picking module and the current sensing module. The utility model can be applied to an electric energy monitoring system of a smart grid, without an external power supply system to provide energy, and only uses one transformer for energy collection and current sensing, which reduces the volume of the system and facilitates installation. The utility model can carry out maximum power tracking according to the current measured by the sensing module, greatly improves the power output of the energy harvesting module, reduces the starting current of the system, thereby improving the reliability of the sensor and expanding the application range.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及电力设施技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于双绕组电流互感器的无源无线电流传感器。The utility model relates to the technical field of electric power facilities, in particular to a passive wireless current sensor based on a double-winding current transformer.
背景技术Background technique
在电力监控管理系统中,由于电表本身计量故障,用户端对电表的非法改动以及绕行,供电设备老化线损等原因会产生线路损耗,目前分辨线损原因的手段主要依赖于人工现场勘查分析,工作效率低,人力成本高。智能电网对输电路实行在线实时监测,监测效率高,省时省力,对电力系统安全稳定具有重要意义。现有技术中,智能电网上的电流传感器多采用基于电流互感器的无源无线电流传感器产品,其输入端接有能量采集互感器L1、电流采集互感器L2,分别用来进行交流电能量收集及电流强度采集。在能量采集部分,互感器收集的能量将通过电平转换电源管理单元给电池或超级电容进行充电,并通过DC-DC直流转换模块以输出稳定的直流工作电压。在信号采集部分,通常使用精密电压信号放大电路以实现微弱电流信号的放大,并接入到单片机的ADC模块获得数字量,最终通过系统中的无线模块将采集的数字信号发送到远程监控系统(请参照图1所示)。这种基于电流互感器的无源无线电流传感器产品存在着以下问题:1、使用两个互感器分别进行电流信号的采集和能量的收集,增加了互感器的体积,不利于监控设备的小型化;2、随着充电电容/电池的电压变化,电流互感器输出功率会存在一个最大功率点,并且此功率点会随着一侧电流大小不同而发生变化,这种产品无法实现最大功率追踪,从而不能实现取能效率的最大化。In the power monitoring and management system, due to the measurement failure of the meter itself, the illegal modification and detour of the meter by the user end, the aging line loss of the power supply equipment, etc., the line loss will occur. At present, the means of identifying the cause of the line loss mainly rely on manual on-site investigation and analysis. , low work efficiency and high labor costs. The smart grid implements online real-time monitoring of the transmission circuit, which has high monitoring efficiency, saves time and effort, and is of great significance to the safety and stability of the power system. In the prior art, the current sensors on the smart grid mostly use passive wireless current sensor products based on current transformers, and their input terminals are connected with energy harvesting transformer L1 and current harvesting transformer L2, which are used for AC energy collection and Current intensity collection. In the energy collection part, the energy collected by the transformer will charge the battery or supercapacitor through the level conversion power management unit, and output a stable DC working voltage through the DC-DC conversion module. In the signal acquisition part, a precision voltage signal amplification circuit is usually used to amplify the weak current signal, and connected to the ADC module of the single-chip microcomputer to obtain digital quantities, and finally the collected digital signals are sent to the remote monitoring system through the wireless module in the system ( Please refer to Figure 1). This passive wireless current sensor product based on current transformers has the following problems: 1. Using two transformers to collect current signals and energy respectively increases the volume of the transformer, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of monitoring equipment ;2. As the voltage of the charging capacitor/battery changes, there will be a maximum power point in the output power of the current transformer, and this power point will change with the current on one side. This product cannot achieve maximum power tracking. Thus, the maximum energy harvesting efficiency cannot be realized.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型所解决的技术问题在于提供一种基于双绕组电流互感器的无源无线电流传感器。该传感器可应用于智能电网电能监控系统,作为电网线路计量装置的校准装置及稽查表使用,进行配电线路线损的分析,发现线损产生的原因,从而实现更智能化的电能管理;该传感器无需外部供电系统提供能源,仅使用一个互感器进行能量收集和电流传感,减小了系统的体积,方便安装;该传感器取能模块可以根据传感模块测得的电流大小进行最大功率跟踪,大大提高了取能模块的功率输出,减小了系统启动电流,从而提高了传感器的可靠性、扩展了使用范围。The technical problem solved by the utility model is to provide a passive wireless current sensor based on a double-winding current transformer. The sensor can be applied to the smart grid power monitoring system, used as a calibration device and an inspection table for the power grid line metering device, to analyze the line loss of the distribution line, find the cause of the line loss, and realize more intelligent power management; The sensor does not need an external power supply system to provide energy, and only uses one transformer for energy harvesting and current sensing, which reduces the size of the system and facilitates installation; the sensor energy acquisition module can perform maximum power tracking according to the current measured by the sensing module , which greatly improves the power output of the energy harvesting module and reduces the system starting current, thereby improving the reliability of the sensor and expanding the scope of use.
为解决上述技术问题,本实用新型采用如下技术方案:In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
一种基于双绕组电流互感器的无源无线电流传感器,其特征在于:包括双绕组电流互感器、互感取能模块、能量存储模块、电流传感模块、信号处理模块、无线发射模块,双绕组电流互感器包括一个与被测线路连接的一次侧绕组和两个二次侧绕组,两个二次侧绕组分别与互感取能模块和电流传感模块连接;电流传感模块与信号处理模块、无线发射模块依次连接,电流传感模块将电流信号转化为电压信号然后传送至信号处理模块;信号处理模块对信号进行模数转化并计算电流有效值然后传送至无线发射模块,无线发射模块将电流有效值输出到云端,互感取能模块与能量存储模块连接并为能量存储模块提供电能输入,能量存储模块分别与互感取能模块、电流传感模块、信号处理模块、无线发射模块连接并为其提供电能,电流传感模块与互感取能模块连接并为其提供参考电压。A passive wireless current sensor based on a double-winding current transformer, characterized in that it includes a double-winding current transformer, a mutual inductance energy acquisition module, an energy storage module, a current sensing module, a signal processing module, a wireless transmission module, and a double-winding The current transformer includes a primary side winding connected to the line under test and two secondary side windings, and the two secondary side windings are respectively connected to the mutual inductance energy harvesting module and the current sensing module; the current sensing module is connected to the signal processing module, The wireless transmitting modules are connected sequentially, and the current sensing module converts the current signal into a voltage signal and then transmits it to the signal processing module; the signal processing module performs analog-to-digital conversion on the signal and calculates the effective value of the current and then transmits it to the wireless transmitting module, and the wireless transmitting module converts the current The effective value is output to the cloud, the mutual inductance energy harvesting module is connected with the energy storage module and provides electric energy input for the energy storage module, and the energy storage module is respectively connected with the mutual inductance energy harvesting module, the current sensing module, the signal processing module, and the wireless transmission module to provide To provide electric energy, the current sensing module is connected with the mutual inductance energy acquisition module and provides a reference voltage for it.
进一步的,所述互感取能模块包括全桥整流电路、缓冲电容、比较器、DC/DC转化器、开关,全桥整流电路与二次侧绕组连接对二次侧绕组流出的电流进行整流,比较器一个输入端口与电流传感模块连接并由电流传感模块提供参考电压、另一输入端与缓冲电容连接,比较器输出端与开关连接用于控制开关闭合,开关安装在DC/DC转化器与全桥整流电路之间的电路中,用于连通或断开DC/DC转化器与全桥整流电路之间的连接,缓冲电容一端连接全桥整流电路另一端连接比较器,DC/DC转化器与能量存储模块电路连接,比较器的供电电路与能量存储模块连接。Further, the mutual inductance energy harvesting module includes a full-bridge rectifier circuit, a buffer capacitor, a comparator, a DC/DC converter, and a switch, and the full-bridge rectifier circuit is connected to the secondary side winding to rectify the current flowing out of the secondary side winding, One input port of the comparator is connected to the current sensing module and the reference voltage is provided by the current sensing module, the other input port is connected to the buffer capacitor, the output port of the comparator is connected to the switch to control the closing of the switch, and the switch is installed in the DC/DC conversion In the circuit between the converter and the full-bridge rectifier circuit, it is used to connect or disconnect the connection between the DC/DC converter and the full-bridge rectifier circuit. One end of the buffer capacitor is connected to the full-bridge rectifier circuit and the other end is connected to the comparator. DC/DC The converter is connected with the energy storage module circuit, and the power supply circuit of the comparator is connected with the energy storage module.
进一步的,所述电流传感模块包括采样电阻、低通滤波电路和电流传感放大器。Further, the current sensing module includes a sampling resistor, a low-pass filter circuit and a current sensing amplifier.
进一步的,所述能量存储模块包括超级电容和锂电池。Further, the energy storage module includes a supercapacitor and a lithium battery.
本实用新型所述基于双绕组电流互感器的无源无线电流传感器,利用双绕组电流互感器根据电磁感应原理将一次侧绕组大电流转换成二次侧绕组小电流。双绕组电流互感器共用一个一次侧绕组以及闭合铁芯,两个二次侧绕组分别用来进行电能的收集和电流的测量。The passive wireless current sensor based on the double-winding current transformer of the utility model uses the double-winding current transformer to convert the large current of the primary side winding into the small current of the secondary side winding according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. The double-winding current transformer shares a primary winding and a closed iron core, and two secondary windings are used to collect electric energy and measure current respectively.
互感取能模块通过全桥整流电路对二次侧绕组流出的电流进行整流,然后对缓冲电容进行充电。在一次侧绕组电流不变的情况下,充电功率与缓冲电容电压直接相关,存在一个使得充电功率最大的电压,即最大功率点电压。最大功率点电压与一次侧绕组电流近似成正比关系,因此可以由电流传感模块得到最大功率点电压。缓冲电容电压接入到比较器一个输入端,比较器另一输入端的参考电压由电流传感模块提供。当缓冲电容电压过大时,比较器控制开关闭合,DC/DC转化器开始工作,将能量输入到能量存储模块,从而使缓冲电容电压下降。当缓冲电容电压过小时,比较器控制开关断开,所有电流仅对缓冲电容充电,使得缓冲电容电压上升。通过开关与比较器的控制使得电容电压维持在最大功率点电压附近,从而在一次侧绕组电流变化的情况下保持最大充电功率。The mutual inductance energy harvesting module rectifies the current flowing out of the secondary side winding through the full bridge rectifier circuit, and then charges the buffer capacitor. Under the condition that the primary side winding current is constant, the charging power is directly related to the buffer capacitor voltage, and there is a voltage that maximizes the charging power, that is, the maximum power point voltage. The maximum power point voltage is approximately proportional to the primary side winding current, so the maximum power point voltage can be obtained by the current sensing module. The buffer capacitor voltage is connected to one input terminal of the comparator, and the reference voltage of the other input terminal of the comparator is provided by the current sensing module. When the voltage of the buffer capacitor is too large, the comparator controls the switch to close, and the DC/DC converter starts to work, and the energy is input to the energy storage module, so that the voltage of the buffer capacitor drops. When the voltage of the snubber capacitor is too small, the comparator controls the switch to be turned off, and all the current only charges the snubber capacitor, so that the voltage of the snubber capacitor rises. The capacitor voltage is maintained near the maximum power point voltage through the control of the switch and the comparator, so as to maintain the maximum charging power when the primary winding current changes.
本实用新型采用了最大功率控制电路,根据采集的电流信号强度进行输出功率点的反馈控制,使得缓冲电容电压稳定在最大输出功率点附近,从而将能量采集效率提升到最大,减小了系统的最小启动电流,扩展了无源无线电流传感器适用的电流范围。The utility model adopts a maximum power control circuit, and performs feedback control of the output power point according to the collected current signal strength, so that the voltage of the buffer capacitor is stabilized near the maximum output power point, thereby increasing the energy collection efficiency to the maximum and reducing the system The minimum start-up current extends the applicable current range of passive wireless current sensors.
本实用新型采用了双绕组电流互感器,进一步减小了互感器体积,同时在单个互感器上同时实现互感取能及电流采集,互感器比例关系控制更加精确,降低了最大功率控制的偏差。The utility model adopts a double-winding current transformer, which further reduces the volume of the transformer. At the same time, the mutual inductance energy acquisition and current collection are realized on a single transformer, the proportional relationship control of the transformer is more accurate, and the deviation of the maximum power control is reduced.
电流传感模块采集到的电流信号通过信号处理模块进行缓冲,再由无线发射模块进行周期性的信号发射,减小了系统功耗的同时,不会损失电流数据。The current signal collected by the current sensing module is buffered by the signal processing module, and then periodically transmitted by the wireless transmitting module, which reduces the power consumption of the system without losing current data.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为现有技术中的无源无线电流互感器结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive wireless current transformer in the prior art;
图2为本实用新型所述基于双绕组电流互感器的无源无线电流传感器的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structure schematic diagram of the passive wireless current sensor based on the double-winding current transformer described in the utility model;
图3为本实用新型所述互感取能模块的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the mutual inductance energy harvesting module described in the utility model;
图4为电流传感模块原理图;Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the current sensing module;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图,对本实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,实施例仅是本实用新型一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本实用新型保护的范围。The technical solution in this embodiment will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.
请参考图2所示,本实用新型提供了一种基于双绕组电流互感器的无源无线电流传感器,包括双绕组电流互感器、互感取能模块、能量存储模块、电流传感模块、信号处理模块、无线发射模块,双绕组电流互感器包括一个与被测线路连接的一次侧绕组和两个二次侧绕组,两个二次侧绕组分别与互感取能模块和电流传感模块连接;电流传感模块与信号处理模块、无线发射模块依次连接,电流传感模块将电流信号转化为电压信号然后传送至信号处理模块;信号处理模块对信号进行模数转化并计算电流有效值然后传送至无线发射模块,无线发射模块将电流有效值输出到云端,互感取能模块与能量存储模块连接并为能量存储模块提供电能输入,能量存储模块分别与互感取能模块、电流传感模块、信号处理模块、无线发射模块连接并为其提供电能。电流传感模块根据一次侧绕组电流的大小为互感取能模块提供相应参考电压以实现互感取能模块的最大功率跟踪。电流互感器利用电磁感应原理将一次侧大电流转换成二次侧小电流。双绕组电流互感器共用一个一次侧绕组以及闭合铁芯,两个二次侧绕组分别用来进行电能的收集和电流的测量。Please refer to Figure 2, the utility model provides a passive wireless current sensor based on a double-winding current transformer, including a double-winding current transformer, a mutual inductance energy harvesting module, an energy storage module, a current sensing module, and a signal processing Module, wireless transmission module, double-winding current transformer includes a primary side winding connected to the line under test and two secondary side windings, and the two secondary side windings are respectively connected to the mutual inductance energy-taking module and the current sensing module; the current The sensing module is connected with the signal processing module and the wireless transmitting module in turn. The current sensing module converts the current signal into a voltage signal and then transmits it to the signal processing module; The transmitter module, the wireless transmitter module outputs the effective value of the current to the cloud, the mutual induction energy acquisition module is connected with the energy storage module and provides electric energy input for the energy storage module, and the energy storage module is respectively connected with the mutual induction energy acquisition module, the current sensing module, and the signal processing module , The wireless transmitting module is connected and provides electric energy for it. The current sensing module provides a corresponding reference voltage for the mutual inductance energy harvesting module according to the magnitude of the primary side winding current to realize the maximum power tracking of the mutual inductance energy harvesting module. The current transformer uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert a large current on the primary side into a small current on the secondary side. The double-winding current transformer shares a primary winding and a closed iron core, and two secondary windings are used to collect electric energy and measure current respectively.
如图3所示,互感取能模块包括全桥整流电路、缓冲电容、比较器、DC/DC转化器、开关,取能二次侧绕组进入的电流首先通过全桥整流电路进行整流,然后对缓冲电容进行充电。在一次侧绕组电流不变的情况下,充电功率与缓冲电容电压直接相关,存在一个使得充电功率最大的电压,即最大功率点电压。最大功率点电压与一次侧绕组电流近似成正比关系,因此可以由电流传感模块得到最大功率点电压。将缓冲电容的电压接入到比较器一个输入端,比较器另一输入端的参考电压由电流传感模块提供。当缓冲电容电压过大时,比较器控制开关闭合,DC/DC转化器开始工作,将能量输入到能量存储模块,从而使缓冲电容电压下降。当缓冲电容电压过小时,比较器控制开关断开,所有电流仅对缓冲电容充电,使得缓冲电容电压上升。通过开关与比较器的控制使得缓冲电容电压维持在最大功率点电压附近,从而在一次侧绕组电流变化的情况下保持最大充电功率。As shown in Figure 3, the mutual inductance energy harvesting module includes a full bridge rectifier circuit, a buffer capacitor, a comparator, a DC/DC converter, and a switch. The current entering the energy harvesting secondary winding is firstly rectified by the full bridge rectifier circuit, and then The buffer capacitor is charged. Under the condition that the primary side winding current is constant, the charging power is directly related to the buffer capacitor voltage, and there is a voltage that maximizes the charging power, that is, the maximum power point voltage. The maximum power point voltage is approximately proportional to the primary side winding current, so the maximum power point voltage can be obtained by the current sensing module. The voltage of the buffer capacitor is connected to one input terminal of the comparator, and the reference voltage of the other input terminal of the comparator is provided by the current sensing module. When the voltage of the buffer capacitor is too large, the comparator controls the switch to close, and the DC/DC converter starts to work, and the energy is input to the energy storage module, so that the voltage of the buffer capacitor drops. When the voltage of the snubber capacitor is too small, the comparator controls the switch to be turned off, and all the current only charges the snubber capacitor, so that the voltage of the snubber capacitor rises. The buffer capacitor voltage is maintained near the maximum power point voltage through the control of the switch and the comparator, so as to maintain the maximum charging power under the condition that the primary side winding current changes.
如图4所示,电流传感模块利用R0为采样电阻,R1、R2与C3构成低通滤波电路,可以将高次谐波成分滤除,C1、C2公共端接地,使输入电流传感放大器INA199的信号为正值。通过改变R0的大小,可以对电流传感模块的量程进行调整。As shown in Figure 4, the current sensing module uses R 0 as the sampling resistor, R 1 , R 2 and C 3 form a low-pass filter circuit, which can filter out high-order harmonic components, and the common terminal of C 1 and C 2 is grounded. Make the signal input to the current sense amplifier INA199 positive. By changing the size of R 0 , the range of the current sensing module can be adjusted.
能量存储模块包括超级电容和锂电池,超级电容可以承担瞬时的较大充放电功率,以提高系统的稳定性及工作寿命。锂电池的能量密度较高可以存储较多的电能。The energy storage module includes a supercapacitor and a lithium battery. The supercapacitor can undertake a large instantaneous charging and discharging power to improve the stability and working life of the system. Lithium batteries have a higher energy density and can store more electrical energy.
信号处理模块将模拟电压信号转变为数字信号并进行缓存。The signal processing module converts the analog voltage signal into a digital signal and buffers it.
无线发射模块周期性地从信号处理模块中获取缓存数据并通过GPRS发射到云端,可以大大减小系统的能量消耗。The wireless transmitting module periodically obtains buffered data from the signal processing module and transmits it to the cloud through GPRS, which can greatly reduce the energy consumption of the system.
以上所述仅为本实用新型示意性的具体实施方式,并非用以限定本实用新型的范围。任何本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本实用新型的构思和原则的前提下所作的等同变化与修改,均应属于本实用新型保护的范围。The above descriptions are only illustrative specific implementations of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present utility model shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.
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CN109270337A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-01-25 | 石家庄杰泰特动力能源有限公司 | Passive and wireless current sensor based on double-winding current mutual inductor |
US20210109131A1 (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-15 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Wireless power sensor |
CN114167127A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-11 | 镇江市丹高电器有限公司 | Self-powered current transformer |
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CN109270337A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-01-25 | 石家庄杰泰特动力能源有限公司 | Passive and wireless current sensor based on double-winding current mutual inductor |
US20210109131A1 (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-15 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Wireless power sensor |
CN114167127A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-11 | 镇江市丹高电器有限公司 | Self-powered current transformer |
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