CN209102330U - A kind of dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum - Google Patents
A kind of dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum Download PDFInfo
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- CN209102330U CN209102330U CN201822077418.9U CN201822077418U CN209102330U CN 209102330 U CN209102330 U CN 209102330U CN 201822077418 U CN201822077418 U CN 201822077418U CN 209102330 U CN209102330 U CN 209102330U
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Abstract
A kind of dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum, it is grouped as by fluid circulating device, energometry part and momentum determination part, wherein, fluid circulating device includes laboratory table, first circulation case, overflow plate, energy dissipating room, fluid inlet, overflow port, and switching struggles against and second circulation case；Energometry part includes measurement pipeline, control valve, pressure-measuring pipe, Pitot tube；Momentum determination part point includes vertical fluid room, perpendicular nozzle, replaceable curved surface, weight beam, bracket, fluid outlet, upper fixture, lower fixture, bolt.The utility model structure is simple, is completed at the same time two hydrodynamics momentum, energy equation measurings using a set of equipment；A kind of new test tube reading mode is proposed, reading difficulty is reduced；Using spring dynamometry, the measurement error of jet stream impulse force in the equation of momentum is significantly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to hydrodynamics and hydrodynamic calculations technology, specifically provide a kind of improved fluid
The dual-purpose tester of Energy-Momentum equation.
Background technique
Energy equation and the equation of momentum are usually explained and tested together in hydrodynamic calculations teaching.It is existing into
Row energy, equation of momentum experiment instrument often use split type, and the energy equation tester and the equation of momentum of simple function
Tester then needs biggish lab space, in fact, carrying out the instrument composed structure of above-mentioned two experiment has major part
Function is overlapped.Therefore, it is very necessary to invent a kind of energy equation equation of momentum dual-purpose type tester.
In addition, lever rule measurement measurement fluid impact flow power is generally taken in hydrodynamic calculations teaching at present, into
And carry out the calculating of momentum.Lever when due to balance belongs to the steady system that is situated between, and the impact force generation of the fluid in turbulent is micro-
Microvariations will lead to lever and shake, to greatly influence the accuracy of reading.Rule of thumb, it is used in existing experiment
Generally there is 20% to 40% error in lever-type equation of momentum experiment instrument.
Utility model content
Purpose of utility model: it is directed to the above-mentioned prior art, this application provides one kind, and hydrodynamic calculations can be achieved at the same time
Middle energy, equation of momentum experiment, and the fluid energy equation of momentum that equation of momentum DATA REASONING accuracy greatly improved is dual-purpose
Experiment instrument.
Technical solution: a kind of dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum described herein, including first circulation case, institute
First circulation bottom portion is stated equipped with fluid inlet, fluid, which enters after first circulation case, imports second circulation case, institute from top overflow
State the fluid inlet that second circulation case is connected to first circulation case by pump；The one measurement pipeline of first circulation case connection, institute
It states measurement pipeline distal end and is equipped with a control valve, measuring point interface is distributed on the measurement pipeline, the measuring point interface passes through pipe
Road connects pressure-measuring pipe and Pitot tube simultaneously；The end of the measurement pipeline is equipped with a perpendicular nozzle, and the perpendicular nozzle, which is located at, hangs down
In direct projection flow chamber, the same vertical line of the perpendicular nozzle is equipped with replaceable curved surface and weight beam, the vertical fluid room
Fluid outlet be connected to second circulation case.
The first circulation case is constant level case, keeps liquid level constant by overflow plate.
Further, energy dissipating room is equipped at the fluid inlet of the first circulation case, the energy dissipating room is isolated by resistance punching
It forms, is also placed with glass marble in the energy dissipating room.
The application is equipped with multiple groups pressure-measuring pipe and Pitot tube, and quantity matches with measuring point interface quantity.Every group of pressure-measuring pipe and
Pitot tube includes a Pitot tube and a pressure-measuring pipe, and each group passes through a hose respectively and is connected to corresponding measuring point interface
On.
Further, it is used to mark the light laminated of water level equipped with coloring in the pressure-measuring pipe and Pitot tube.
The control valve for controlling fluid flow is equipped with calibrational capacity scale, and the jet stream size of perpendicular nozzle can be changed.
The vertical fluid room is a square plastic box, and bottom is equipped with fluid outlet.
Stablize placement for the ease of entire tester, further includes a laboratory table, for fixing each experimental rig.
Further, the weight beam is linked together by bracket and vertical fluid room, and bracket is solid by bolt
It is scheduled on the outside of vertical fluid room, the bracket is equipped with upper fixture and lower fixture, and weight beam utilizes upper fixture and lower folder
Tool is fixed on bracket.
Preferably, the replaceable curved surface has 90 degree, 135 degree and three kinds of 180 degree, is installed on weight beam end.Institute
State 4 to 5 centimeters of surface that replaceable curved surface is placed in perpendicular nozzle；The axis of weight beam must keep spraying with vertical
Mouth is point-blank.
Undeclared part involved in the utility model is same as the prior art or is realized using the prior art.
The utility model has the advantages that being compared to the prior art, the application tester mechanism simplifying, functional diversities utilize control valve
Door changes impact force size, so that equation of momentum experiment is not only can change jet deflection angle, also can change jet velocity size,
Realize the enhancing of function；Impact force theoretical value is obtained using Pitot tube, pressure-measuring pipe survey calculation, eliminates manual measurement step；
And the application device realizes the raising of measurement accuracy by improving measurement method, and by red plastic piece, (or other are bright-coloured
Color) label, reduces pressure-measuring pipe, Pitot tube error in reading, lever measurement is improved to weight beam measurement, the former belongs to Jie
Stabilization device, observation error in judgement it is larger cause to read it is unstable, and weight beam fluctuation it is smaller, read it is more stable, reduce
Error.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the vertical fluid cell structure schematic diagram of the utility model.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is further described with reference to the accompanying drawing:
A kind of improved dual-purpose experiment instrument of the fluid energy equation of momentum as shown in Figure 1, including fluid circulating device, energy
Measurement part and momentum measure part；Fluid circulating device includes laboratory table 11, first circulation case 12, overflow plate 13, energy dissipating
Room 14, fluid inlet 15, overflow port 16, switching bucket 17, second circulation case 18 and pump 19；Energometry part includes measurement pipeline
21, control valve 22, pressure-measuring pipe 23, Pitot tube 24, measuring point interface 25；Momentum determination part divides including vertical fluid room 31, vertically
Nozzle 32, replaceable curved surface 33, weight beam 34, bracket 35, fluid outlet 39, upper fixture 36, lower fixture 37, bolt 38.
First circulation case 12 is placed in 11 leftmost side of laboratory table, and first circulation case 12 includes overflow plate 13 and energy dissipating room 14.Institute
The setting of overflow plate 13 is stated at 12 left side 1/3 of first circulation case, the setting of energy dissipating room 14 is in 13 right side of overflow plate, energy dissipating room 14
Built-in glass marble, right side are separated with 12 other parts of first circulation case with resistance punching.In addition, being provided with overflow on the left of overflow plate 13
Mouth 16, is connected by pipeline with second circulation case 18.Second circulation case 18 is mounted on immediately below laboratory table 11；11 lower-left of laboratory table
Side's installation pump 19 realizes cyclic test for fluid to be pumped into first circulation case 12 by second circulation case 18.
It is worth noting that, the effect of first circulation case 12 is to provide stable Fluid pressure for experiment.The overflow plate 13
For keeping fluid level in first circulation case 12 constant；Energy dissipating room 14 is used to consume the kinetic energy of incoming fluid；Overflow port 16 is used
In the recycling for completing fluid.
Wherein, 21 left end of measurement pipeline is directly installed on 12 right side lower part of first circulation case, measures on pipeline 21
Be provided with multiple measuring points, each measuring point setting there are two measuring point interface 25, can by hose respectively with Pitot tube 24, pressure-measuring pipe 23
It is connected；Pitot tube 24 and the marshalling of pressure-measuring pipe 23 are placed, and are passed through respectively in every group comprising a Pitot tube and a pressure-measuring pipe, each group
A piece hose is connected on corresponding measuring point interface；It is respectively provided with inside all test tubes red light laminated.It is right to measure pipeline 21
Side is provided with the control valve 22 of control fluid flow, which is provided with the scale of the corresponding substantially flow of calibration, can be big according to scale
It causes to adjust flow.Measurement 21 end of pipeline is connected with vertical fluid room 31.
Such as Fig. 2, the vertical fluid room 31 is a square openings plastic casing, wherein be placed with perpendicular nozzle 32, can
Replace curved surface 33, weight beam 34, bracket 35 and fluid outlet 39.The perpendicular nozzle 32 is directly installed on measurement pipeline
21 end；Bracket 35 is fixed on the outside of vertical fluid room 31 by bolt 38, weight beam 34 using upper fixture 36 and
Lower fixture 37 is fixed on bracket 35；It is worth noting that, the axis of weight beam 34 and perpendicular nozzle 32 must be kept to exist
On straight line.The replaceable curved surface 33 has 90 degree, 135 degree and three kinds of 180 degree, is installed on 34 end of weight beam,
And 4 to 5 centimeters of surface of perpendicular nozzle 32 should be placed in.Fluid outlet 39 is arranged in 31 bottom of vertical fluid room, face
Switching bucket 17；The underface of vertical fluid room 31 is arranged in the switching bucket 17, is connected by pipeline with second circulation case 18.
Application examples:
Suitable quantity of water is stored in second circulation case 18, starting pump 19；The water of second circulation case 18 is promoted by pump 19 by flowing
Body entrance 15 collides after entering energy dissipating room 14 with glass marble and resistance punching, consumes kinetic energy；Hereafter, water is slow in first circulation case 12
Rise, starts overflow when water level reaches 13 height of overflow plate；Overflow water stream is discharged into second circulation case 18 by overflow port 16.This
Afterwards, the water level of first circulation case 12 is kept constant.
Control valve 22 is opened, control water flow in pipeline is stablized in low flow state.To 12 constant level of first circulation case
Afterwards, check whether Pitot tube 24 and 23 liquid level of pressure-measuring pipe flush；If uneven, checking in measurement pipeline 21 whether there is bubble, if
In the presence of should be discharged in time.When Pitot tube 24 and 23 liquid level of pressure-measuring pipe flush and measure bubble-free in pipeline 21, different surveys are observed
The corresponding scale in red plastic piece position in corresponding test tube at point, which is the head of each test tube, whereby
To gross head and piezometric head.Change water flow by rotary control valve handwheel, measures the gross head at different measuring points
With piezometric head, and then complete energy equation experiment measurement.
In addition, Pitot tube and piezometric elevation difference are moving for the unit mass liquid of corresponding measuring point in energy equation experiment
Can, the flow velocity can be obtained whereby, can further acquire flow exact value in pipe.
Further, water flows through measurement pipeline 21 into vertical fluid room 31, by beating after perpendicular nozzle 32 replaceable
33 central area of curved surface；Since jet-core region line is overlapped with replaceable 33 axis of curved surface, then act on replaceable curved surface 33
Amount of force is equal to jet impact force size；It reads weight beam 34 to read, obtain jet impact force and then obtains curved surface
To the reaction force of water flow.According to energy equation test obtained in data on flows, be approximately considered water be incompressible fluid, i.e.,
Flow of the jet stream at perpendicular nozzle can be learnt by the equation of momentum, and then can acquire curved surface impact force theoretical value；By the theory
Value is compared with energy equation experiment measured value, achievable equation of momentum experiment.And so on, replaceable curved surface is replaced with
135 degree and 180 degree can carry out changing the equation of momentum experiment under corner condition in different water velocities.
Tester in the application example is made of fluid circulating device, energometry device and momentum measurement device, wherein
The effect of fluid circulating device includes fixed all experimentss instrument, storage Experimental Flowing Object, the circulation of Experimental Flowing Object, guarantee recycle stream
The stabilization of body；The effect of energometry device includes head loss in the various situations such as survey calculation constriction, sudden enlargement, is obtained
Gross head piezometric head change curve；Pipeline flow can additionally be calculated and then obtain flow speed data, tested for the equation of momentum
Flow speed data is provided to support.The effect of momentum measurement device is to measure water flow impact pressure size using weight beam, with momentum
The impact force that equation calculation obtains compares, and then verifies equation of momentum correctness.Wherein, the measurement of energometry part is former
Reason: measurement pipeline is equipped with caliber constriction, sudden enlargement, and the pipelines inner section change in shape such as perpendicular corners utilizes law of connected vessels
Measure this piezometric head h1, the head be that the position of this unit mass water can be the sum of with pressure energy；Pitot tube is one
The bending tubule of face flow direction, water flow enters tubule and no longer flows at measuring point, so that the kinetic energy of the water be made to be converted into gesture
Can, Pitot tube liquid level indicates gross head h2.The difference of gross head and piezometric head is kinetic head h3, by point velocity can be obtained
U, using measurement pipe radius D and point velocity u, by pipeline flow Q can be obtained；Flow rate of water flow and jet velocity at perpendicular nozzle are big
It is small flow to be controlled by adjusting control valve door to adjust.Momentum measures part measuring principle: jet stream is to replaceable curved surface
Active force and weight beam on same straight line, characterize the active force of replaceable curved surface so being read with weight beam
Jet impact force.Jet velocity is obtained using flow Q, nozzle diameter d, obtains jet impact force theoretical value using the equation of momentum,
It compares with measured value.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum, it is characterised in that:
Including first circulation case (12), first circulation case (12) bottom is equipped with fluid inlet (15), and fluid enters first and follows
Second circulation case (18) are imported from top overflow after ring case (12), the second circulation case (18) is connected to first by pumping (19)
The fluid inlet (15) of circulating box；
One measurement pipeline (21) of first circulation case (12) connection, the measurement pipeline (21) are distally equipped with a control valve
(22), it is distributed with measuring point interface (25) on the measurement pipeline (21), the measuring point interface (25) connects survey by pipeline simultaneously
Pressure pipe (23) and Pitot tube (24)；
The end of measurement pipeline (21) is equipped with a perpendicular nozzle (32), and the perpendicular nozzle (32) is located at vertical fluid room
(31) in, the same vertical line of the perpendicular nozzle (32) is equipped with replaceable curved surface (33) and weight beam (34), described to hang down
The fluid outlet (39) of direct projection flow chamber is connected to second circulation case (18).
2. the dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first circulation case
(12) it is constant level case, keeps fluid level in case constant by overflow plate (13).
3. the dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first circulation case
Fluid inlet (15) at be equipped with energy dissipating room (14), the energy dissipating room (14) is isolated by resistance punching, the energy dissipating room in and also
It is placed with glass marble.
4. the dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be equipped with multiple groups pressure-measuring pipe
(23) match with Pitot tube (24), quantity with measuring point interface (25) quantity.
5. the dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vertical fluid room
It (31) is a square plastic box.
6. the dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include a laboratory table
(11), for fixing each experimental rig.
7. the dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the weight beam
(34) it is linked together by bracket (35) with vertical fluid room (31).
8. the dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum according to claim 7, which is characterized in that on the bracket (35)
Equipped with upper fixture (36) and lower fixture (37), weight beam (34) is fixed on bracket using upper fixture (36) and lower fixture (37)
(35) on.
9. the dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the replaceable curved surface
(33) there are 90 degree, 135 degree and three kinds of 180 degree.
10. the dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the replaceable song
Face (33) is placed in the surface 4-5 centimeters of perpendicular nozzle (32).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201822077418.9U CN209102330U (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | A kind of dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201822077418.9U CN209102330U (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | A kind of dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209102330U true CN209102330U (en) | 2019-07-12 |
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ID=67162833
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201822077418.9U Active CN209102330U (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | A kind of dual-purpose tester of the fluid energy equation of momentum |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111964831A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 王洪元 | Numerical control valve for detecting fluid hydraulic pressure |
| CN113866452A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-31 | 河海大学 | Hydraulic energy equation flow velocity measurement experimental device and method |
-
2018
- 2018-12-12 CN CN201822077418.9U patent/CN209102330U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111964831A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 王洪元 | Numerical control valve for detecting fluid hydraulic pressure |
| CN113866452A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-31 | 河海大学 | Hydraulic energy equation flow velocity measurement experimental device and method |
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