CN209068809U - A kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe - Google Patents
A kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN209068809U CN209068809U CN201821909864.5U CN201821909864U CN209068809U CN 209068809 U CN209068809 U CN 209068809U CN 201821909864 U CN201821909864 U CN 201821909864U CN 209068809 U CN209068809 U CN 209068809U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe, it includes light section (1) and evaporating surface section two parts, evaporating surface section includes heat exchanger tube tube body (8), it is characterized in that heat exchanger tube tube body (8) outer surface is provided with the oblique bending fin (2) being spirally distributed along heat exchanger tube axis, fin (2) surface is curve form, and fin is towards equidirectional inclination, it is closely contacted with each other at the top of adjacent fins (2), it is seamless, fin (2) covers conduit between fin, constitutes triangular shape hole (3)；Trapeze cut (5) are equipped at the top of fin (2), are the steam discharge/inlet in hole；Heat exchanger tube tube body (8) inner surface is equipped with the rib outstanding being uniformly distributed circumferentially, and forms spiral channel (4) between article adjacent ribs.The processing is simple for the utility model, and lumber recovery is high；Within the scope of practical common wall superheat degree, the coefficient of heat transfer is influenced small, holding stabilization, the condition of adaptation heat exchanger variable working condition by wall superheat degree.
Description
Technical field:
The utility model relates to a kind of heat transfer tube for evaporator more particularly to a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipes, fit
Evaporator for central air conditioner system water cooler.
Background technique:
In central air conditioner system, flooded evaporator is the important equipment of water cooler.In flooded evaporator, heat exchange
Pipe impregnates in the refrigerant, when the relatively high recirculated water of temperature passes through in pipe, carries out heat exchange with the refrigerant outside pipe, low
Warm refrigerant generates boiling phenomenon.For enhanced heat exchange, the efficient heat-exchanging pipe of numerous know-how manufactures is produced.Present quotient
The efficient heat-exchanging pipe of popular " T " shape structure is a kind of typical thermoexcell in industry.Its manufacturing process and feature are as follows: first
The helical fin axially extended and corresponding conduit are processed in heat exchange pipe external surface, it is then radially even in fin top
Annular knurl causes notch, is formed and is protruded between fin top adjacent gap, recycles press polish wheel to be rolled, so that between notch
Protrusion extends to two sides, forms "T"-shaped fin, the conduit of the extendable platform covering fin two sides of two sides.It is "T"-shaped as a result,
Fin and corresponding conduit form rectangle/square void structure.Gap between adjacent "T"-shaped fin becomes following hole
Gas outlet/inlet.Technology disclosed in Chinese patent ZL95118177.7 is exactly the representative of this cast and processing method.
Experiments have shown that 3 times higher than light pipe of the Composite Walls of the heat exchanger tube or more.But there is also not for this efficient boiling heat transfer pipe
Foot, the coefficient of heat transfer are influenced very greatly by wall superheat degree, and (wall superheat degree is defined as the saturation temperature that wall surface temperature subtracts refrigerant
Difference), wall superheat degree is big, and the coefficient of heat transfer is with regard to big；Conversely, the coefficient of heat transfer then declines.Under normal circumstances, refrigerating industry is cold
In flooded evaporator in water dispenser group, shell-side is refrigerant, flows through water in heat exchanger tube.The continuous absorption heat-exchange pipe of shell-side refrigerant
The heat of the higher hot water of interior temperature generates phase transformation, to achieve the purpose that produce cold water.In the process, shell-side occurs
Phase transformation be constant temperature process.That is, the temperature of refrigerant is that isothermal is constant.But not due to the boiling heat exchanging process of refrigerant
The disconnected energy for absorbing hot water, so that the hot water streamwise in heat exchanger tube is variation.Specifically, at water inlet temperature compared with
The temperature of height, exit is lower, and wall superheat degree is caused to be gradually reduced along the flow direction of fluid.Therefore, the coefficient of heat transfer
It is gradually decreased along hot water flow direction, affects the average heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger tube.In addition, being disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 3696861
The technology of another evaporating heat-exchanging pipe, main feature: the fin of the pipe surface that exchanges heat is tilted to side, is covered at bending
Groove between adjacent fins has been covered, hole is formed by adjacent fins and conduit；Not in contact with foring continuous between adjacent fins
Gap, and circumferentially extended along pipe, steam discharge/inlet as hole.Gap width is 0.001-0.005 inch
(0.0254-0.127mm): the steam bubble of the generation in hole is escaped by gap, and refrigerant flows into hole by gap, is formed
Continuous process.But the coefficient of heat transfer of this heat exchanger tube is managed lower than current routine business, seldom discovery on the market at present.
It is insufficient to there are several points in this evaporation and heat-exchange Manifold technology: firstly, the gap geometric dimension between adjacent fins is not easily-controllable during manufacturing
System, and circumferentially, it is converted to exhaust outlet, compared with current routine business pipe, area is bigger than normal.It is demonstrated experimentally that hole
Opening size size directly affect bubble be detached from hole speed.The refrigerant of different hot physical property is especially faced, hole is opened
Mouth size needs control very well.Secondly, in the triangular shape hole that the inclining fin of this cast and level trough bottom are constituted, two bottoms
Angle differs greatly, and one is acute angle, another is obtuse angle.Specifically, to the fin of hole inner inclination and level trough bottom structure
It is at an acute angle, and another fin is inclined outwardly, and just forms obtuse angle with the angle of bottom surface, thus in the case where the degree of superheat reduces, it is blunt
The nucleus of boiling number being activated at angle will reduce, and natural heat-exchange coefficient can accordingly decline.
Heat transfer theory shows that an important factor for influencing boiling heat transfer for the quantity of the nucleus of boiling on heating surface, and vaporizes
The quantity and wall superheat degree that core is activated are related with the shape of heating surface.Theory is with experiment it has been proved that the identical degree of superheat
Under the conditions of, the activation nucleus of boiling is easy to produce at the small hole of upper opening or narrow slit.This explains the heat exchange of "T"-shaped fin very well
For coefficient when the degree of superheat is high, the coefficient of heat transfer is high, and when the degree of superheat is small, the coefficient of heat transfer is low.Its reason is the fin of "T"-shaped fin
Root and hole bottom surface form 90 degree of angle and cavity volume is larger.
Utility model content:
One kind is provided the purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, and the processing is simple, lumber recovery
Height, within the scope of practical common wall superheat degree, the coefficient of heat transfer is influenced small, holding stabilization, adaptation heat exchange by wall superheat degree
The condition of device variable working condition, efficiently, along the substantially invariable new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe of the flow direction coefficient of heat transfer of recirculated water.
The purpose of this utility model can be reached by following measure: a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe, packet
Light section and evaporating surface section two parts are included, evaporating surface section includes heat exchanger tube tube body, it is characterised in that heat exchange tube external surface
It is provided with the oblique bending fin being spirally distributed along heat exchanger tube axis, fin surface is curve form, and fin is towards Tongfang
It to inclination, is closely contacted with each other at the top of adjacent fins, seamless, fin covers conduit between fin, constitutes triangular shape hole；Wing
It is equipped with trapeze cut at the top of piece, is the steam discharge/inlet in hole；Heat exchanger tube inner surface of tube body is prominent equipped with what is be uniformly distributed circumferentially
Rib out forms spiral channel between article adjacent ribs.
In order to further realize the purpose of this utility model, the bottom surface in the triangular shape hole is by hole soffit plane portion
To divide and hole bottom surface chamfered portion two parts form, the bottom surface contacted in hole with intilted fin root is horizontal plane,
For hole soffit plane part；The bottom surface being in contact with the fin root being inclined outwardly is inclined-plane, is hole bottom surface chamfered portion；
Angle β 1 at an acute angle between hole soffit plane part and inward slant fin, hole bottom surface chamfered portion and is inclined outwardly fin
Between angle β 2 at an acute angle.
In order to further realize the purpose of this utility model, the hole soffit plane part and hole bottom surface inclined plane part
The angle divided is 20 °-60 °, and 1/2-the 2/3 of the bottom surface in hole 3 is hole soffit plane part, remaining is hole bottom surface inclined-plane
Part.
In order to further realize the purpose of this utility model, 2=50 ° of 1=45 ° of the β, β.
In order to further realize the purpose of this utility model, the trapeze cut is uniformly distributed, between adjacent fin
Trapeze cut is interspersed.
In order to further realize the purpose of this utility model, the trapeze cut normal to a surface and horizontal direction angle
70-90°。
In order to further realize the purpose of this utility model, the depth of the trapeze cut is 0.2---0.5mm, on
Opening width is 0.3-0.8mm；Base width is 0.1-0.5mm.
In order to further realize the purpose of this utility model, the length of the fin is 0.8-1.1mm, fin thickness
For 0.08-0.25mm, adjacent fins root spacing is 0.3-0.8mm.
In order to further realize the purpose of this utility model, the height in the hole is 0.3-0.5mm, and bottom width is
0.3-0.5mm。
In order to further realize the purpose of this utility model, the spiral channel, groove depth 0.15--0.4mm, conduit
20-70.
The utility model can produce following good effect compared with the prior art: it is raw that pool boiling process can be divided into the nucleus of boiling
At bubble growth and lift-off stage.If wanting to improve boiling heat transfer coefficient, must just be taken for the different phase of pool boiling
Reasonable enhancements.
(1) according to the boundary-layer theory of bubble, the mechanism that bubble is constantly grown up is since there are thin liquid films between bubble and wall surface
Layer, under the heat effect of wall surface, liquid film constantly generates steam and enters in bubble, thus until after air bubble growth to lift-off size
Until leaving wall surface.Since the interface of steam bubble in growth is close to spherical shape, the fin of the utility model heat exchanger tube is bending,
It compared with traditional "T"-shaped vertical fins, can more preferably be contacted with steam bubble, more steam are provided and enter steam bubble, accelerate vapour
The growth of bubble improves boiling heat transfer coefficient.
(2) another factor for influencing boiling heat transfer effect is disengaging frequency of the steam bubble from heat exchange pipe surface, and frequency is got over
Height, boiling heat transfer effect are better.The frequency that bubble is detached from heat exchanger tube surface voids is related with the size of hole upper opening and shape.
By Visualization, by comparison, when discovery hole upper opening is trapezoidal, bubble lift-off frequency can be improved, improve boiling
The coefficient of heat transfer.(3) promote to form the nucleus of boiling point more activated in the hole of heat exchange pipe surface, and then generate more
Steam bubble, and improve boiling heat transfer effect effective way.Thermal conduction study classical theory shows with experiment: under normal conditions, boiling
Steam bubble only occurs in certain points of heating surface when rising,
Rather than on entire heating surface, these points for generating steam bubble are referred to as the nucleus of boiling.Generate the nucleus of boiling and at
A length of steam bubble needs energy, and due to compared with plane, angular region forms that activation energy that steam bubble needs is minimum namely required wall
The face degree of superheat is minimum.Therefore, the corner areas in hole occurs for the steam bubble in hole, and finds in small wall superheat degree item
Under part, only the corner region of low-angle could generate bubble, can generate bubble.Classical boiling theoretical proof visualized experiment
Result: the angle of the critical wall superheat degree and corner region that generate steam bubble has functional relation, i.e., when wall superheat degree is smaller
It waits, activation could be become in the corner region of low-angle
Nucleus of boiling point, generate bubble.Experiment display, acute triangle is compared with rectangle groove, triangular groove
Wall superheat degree required for interior generation bubble lower than rectangle groove 15% or more.Due to the triangular shape hole of the utility model
It is made of the inclined fin in two sides with hole bottom surface, one of fin slopes inwardly, and other one is inclined outwardly.It is lean-in
The horizontal bottom of oblique fin and hole constitutes acute angle, and circumferentially, to cause acute angle corner region；The wing being inclined outwardly
Piece and horizontal bottom constitute obtuse angle, are unfavorable for generating the nucleus of boiling of activation, for this purpose, by be inclined outwardly what fin root intersected
Bottom surface is processed as inclined-plane, tilt angle and horizontal folder
Angle is about 20 degree -60 degree, to form acute angle.It is this design so that hole bottom surface portions be horizontal plane, be partially
Inclined-plane, it is ensured that two base angles of triangle hole are all small acute angle, thus generate more nucleus of boiling.This conduit used
Floor design can still generate a large amount of nucleus of boiling in the case where the degree of superheat is small, generate a large amount of bubbles.Reach and is exchanging heat
Hot fluid temperature in pipe is constantly reduced along process, and in the ever-reduced situation of the degree of superheat, but the coefficient of heat transfer is still kept not
The effect of change.Still further aspect, triangle hole is smaller than square/rectangle cavity volume, this is conducive to small (the small hot-fluid of the degree of superheat
Density) operating condition under boiling.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the partial structural diagram of the utility model evaporating surface section；
Fig. 3 is the utility model evaporation and heat-exchange tube outer surface partial enlarged view；
Fig. 4 is the boiling heat transfer experimental data comparison diagram of the utility model and conventional evaporating heat-exchanging pipe.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates with reference to the accompanying drawing to specific embodiment of the present utility model:
Embodiment: a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe (referring to figures 1-3) comprising light section 1 and evaporating surface section
Two parts.Light section 1 is used to and the fixed use of the end plate of heat exchanger, outer diameter 19mm.Evaporating surface section is heat exchange surface, atimodometer
Face section includes heat exchanger tube tube body 8, and 8 outer surface of heat exchanger tube tube body is provided with the oblique bending being spirally distributed along heat exchanger tube axis
Fin 2,2 surface of fin is curve form, and fin is closely contacted with each other towards equidirectional inclination at the top of adjacent fins 2, seamless
Gap, the length of fin 2 are 0.8-1.1mm, and for fin 2 with a thickness of 0.08-0.25mm, 2 root spacing of adjacent fins is 0.3-
0.8mm.Fin 2 covers conduit between fin, constitutes triangular shape hole 3, the height in hole 3 is 0.3-0.5mm, and bottom width is
0.3-0.5mm；The bottom surface in triangular shape hole 3 is made of hole soffit plane part 7 and 6 two parts of hole bottom surface chamfered portion,
The bottom surface contacted in hole 3 with intilted fin root is horizontal plane, is hole soffit plane part 7；Be inclined outwardly
The bottom surface that is in contact of fin root be inclined-plane, be hole bottom surface chamfered portion 6；Hole soffit plane part 7 and hole bottom surface
The angle of chamfered portion 6 is 20 °-60 °, and 1/2-the 2/3 of the bottom surface in hole 3 is hole soffit plane part 7, remaining is hole
Bottom surface chamfered portion 6, the angle β 1 at an acute angle between hole soffit plane part 7 and inward slant fin, hole bottom surface inclined plane part
Points 6 and angle β 2 at an acute angle that is inclined outwardly between fin, 1=45 ° of β, 2=50 ° of β.
Trapeze cut 5 is uniformly distributed at the top of fin 2, the trapeze cut 5 between adjacent fin 2 is interspersed, trapeze cut 5
70-90 ° of normal to a surface and horizontal direction angle, it acts as the steam discharge/inlets in hole, and the steam bubble that hole generates is by being somebody's turn to do
Exhaust outlet evolution, while being also the inlet that outside refrigerant carries out fluid infusion to hole；The depth of trapeze cut 5 is 0.2---
0.5mm, upper opening width are 0.3-0.8mm；Base width is 0.1-0.5mm.Icon 5 shows trapezoidal at the top of hole
Steam discharge/inlet.
8 inner surface of heat exchanger tube tube body is equipped with the rib outstanding being uniformly distributed circumferentially, and forms spiral between article adjacent ribs
Conduit 4, the preferred 0.3mm of groove depth 0.15--0.4mm(), conduit 20-70 (preferably 15).
The utility model processing method is as follows: processing the slot between helical fin and corresponding wing in smooth pipe surface first
Road, by annular knurl technique, so that trapeze cut occurs in fin top, notch normal to a surface direction and heat exchanger tube are axially flat at this time
Then row makes fin be bent and tilt by rolling, until its top and adjacent fins upper contact, at this moment trapeze cut also with
Twist, thus its surface normal direction becomes exhaust/inlet of above-mentioned triangular cavity perpendicular to horizontal plane.It is logical
Processing is crossed, so that hole bottom surface a part is horizontal plane, another part is inclined-plane.Horizontal component accounts for the 1/2---2/3 of bottom surface,
Rest part is inclined-plane, and the angle of inclined-plane and horizontal plane is 20-60 degree.Specifically, it is contacted with intilted fin root
Bottom surface portions are horizontal plane；The bottom surface portions being in contact with the fin root being inclined outwardly are inclined-plane, guarantee the base angle of cavity all
It is small acute angle, and the square/rectangle cavity volume of the "T"-shaped fin of triangle volume ratio in hole is small.
Referring to Fig. 4, it is shown that the contrast and experiment of the utility model novel heat exchange pipe and conventional heat transfer pipe.Make in experiment
Refrigerant is R134a, evaporating pressure 0.26MPa, 5.6 DEG C of corresponding saturation temperature.The utility model heat exchanger tube and routine
Hole number in heat exchanger tube unit length is identical, about 1950/meter.In an experiment, changed by changing the temperature of hot water
Wall superheat degree.Within the scope of the degree of superheat of experiment (degree of superheat increases to 4.3 DEG C from 1.1 DEG C), novel evaporating heat-exchanging pipe is than normal
The average heat transfer coefficient of rule heat exchanger tube improves 31%, especially in low overheat condition, the coefficient of heat transfer ratio of novel heat exchange pipe
Conventional heat transfer pipe improves 50%.In trial stretch, the maximum coefficient of heat transfer of the utility model heat exchanger tube and minimum coefficient of heat transfer phase
Than difference 17%；And under similarity condition, the maximum coefficient of heat transfer of conventional heat transfer pipe then differs 61% compared with the minimum coefficient of heat transfer.
Obviously, the novel heat exchange pipe coefficient of heat transfer is much smaller than conventional heat transfer pipe with the variation of the degree of superheat, in contrast, along pipe in heat exchanger
The flow direction of interior fluid maintains the stable coefficient of heat transfer.
It should be understood that the part that this specification does not elaborate belongs to the prior art.Above embodiment is only
It is that preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, not the scope of the utility model is defined, is not departing from
Under the premise of the spirit of the design of the utility model, this field ordinary engineering and technical personnel makes the technical solution of the utility model
Various changes and improvements should all be fallen into the protection scope of claims determination of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe comprising light section (1) and evaporating surface section two parts, evaporating surface section include
Heat exchanger tube tube body (8), it is characterised in that heat exchanger tube tube body (8) outer surface is provided with inclines along what heat exchanger tube axis was spirally distributed
Unsymmetrical bending fin (2), fin (2) surface is curve form, and fin, towards equidirectional inclination, adjacent fins (2) top is mutually tight
Contiguity touching, seamless, fin (2) covers conduit between fin, constitutes triangular shape hole (3)；Trapezoidal lack is equipped at the top of fin (2)
Mouth (5) is the steam discharge/inlet in hole；Heat exchanger tube tube body (8) inner surface is equipped with the rib outstanding being uniformly distributed circumferentially,
Spiral channel (4) are formed between article adjacent ribs.
2. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the triangular shape hole
(3) bottom surface is made of hole soffit plane part (7) and hole bottom surface chamfered portion (6) two parts, in hole (3) and inwardly
The bottom surface of inclined fin root contact is horizontal plane, is hole soffit plane part (7)；With the fin root phase being inclined outwardly
The bottom surface of contact is inclined-plane, is hole bottom surface chamfered portion (6)；Between hole soffit plane part (7) and inward slant fin
Angle β 1 at an acute angle, hole bottom surface chamfered portion (6) and the angle being inclined outwardly between fin β 2 at an acute angle.
3. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the hole bottom surface is flat
The angle of face part (7) and hole bottom surface chamfered portion (6) is 20 °-60 °, and 1/2-the 2/3 of the bottom surface in hole 3 is hole bottom surface
Planar section (7), remaining is hole bottom surface chamfered portion (6).
4. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that 1=45 ° of the β, β
2=50°。
5. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the trapeze cut (5)
It is uniformly distributed, the trapeze cut (5) between adjacent fin (2) is interspersed.
6. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that the trapeze cut
(5) 70-90 ° of normal to a surface and horizontal direction angle.
7. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that the trapeze cut
(5) depth is 0.2---0.5mm, and upper opening width is 0.3-0.8mm；Base width is 0.1-0.5mm.
8. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the length of the fin (2)
Degree is 0.8-1.1mm, and for fin (2) with a thickness of 0.08-0.25mm, adjacent fins (2) root spacing is 0.3-0.8mm.
9. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the height in the hole (3)
Degree is 0.3-0.5mm, bottom width 0.3-0.5mm.
10. a kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the spiral channel
(4), groove depth 0.15--0.4mm, conduit 20-70.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821909864.5U CN209068809U (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | A kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821909864.5U CN209068809U (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | A kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209068809U true CN209068809U (en) | 2019-07-05 |
Family
ID=67099842
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821909864.5U Withdrawn - After Issue CN209068809U (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | A kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN209068809U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109307389A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-02-05 | 烟台恒辉铜业有限公司 | A kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe |
-
2018
- 2018-11-20 CN CN201821909864.5U patent/CN209068809U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109307389A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-02-05 | 烟台恒辉铜业有限公司 | A kind of new-type full-liquid type evaporating heat-exchanging pipe |
| CN109307389B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2023-07-07 | 山东恒辉节能技术集团有限公司 | Novel flooded evaporation heat exchange tube |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: 264003 No. 493 View Road, Laishan District, Shandong, Yantai Patentee after: Shandong Henghui Energy Saving Technology Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: 264003 No. 493 View Road, Laishan District, Shandong, Yantai Patentee before: YANTAI HENGHUI COPPER INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20190705 Effective date of abandoning: 20230707 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20190705 Effective date of abandoning: 20230707 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |