CN208934812U - The engine and its cylinder head and cooling system of a kind of motor tricycle - Google Patents
The engine and its cylinder head and cooling system of a kind of motor tricycle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN208934812U CN208934812U CN201821308136.9U CN201821308136U CN208934812U CN 208934812 U CN208934812 U CN 208934812U CN 201821308136 U CN201821308136 U CN 201821308136U CN 208934812 U CN208934812 U CN 208934812U
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder head
- mounting hole
- oilhole
- engine
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn - After Issue
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012769 bulk production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of engine of motor tricycle and its cylinder heads and cooling system, the cylinder head includes cylinder head ontology, intake valve and exhaust valve are provided on the cylinder head ontology, the mounting hole one close to intake valve and the mounting hole two close to exhaust valve are additionally provided on the cylinder head ontology, it is characterized by: being provided with the machine oil spray orifice one opposite with intake valve on the hole wall of the mounting hole one, the machine oil spray orifice two opposite with exhaust valve is provided on the hole wall of the mounting hole two.Using the engine and its cylinder head and cooling system of the utility model, cylinder head lubricant effect and cooling effect can be improved.
Description
Technical field:
The utility model relates to a kind of engine-cooling system of motor tricycle and engine cylinder heads.
Background technique:
Currently, engine for motorcycle mostly use greatly single cylinder, downwards-placed cam, post rod type distribution water-cooled engine, by
It badly converts frequently with operating condition in motor tricycle working environment, generally works under high speed and extreme loading conditions, engine thermal
Machine partial heat density is larger, and heat dissipation is difficult, and oil temperature is higher, cannot be effectively to heat engine Partial key components, especially
Be that valve actuating mechanism components are cooled down and lubricated, lead to engine key components and parts premature failure, as inlet and outlet door bending or
Person's fracture, the critical failures such as top land ablation and scrap, engine life shortens, and economic loss is larger.
The main reason for leading to the above engine failure, is: previous engine for motorcycle, using two-wheeled motor vehicle
Cylinder head structure for engine will not frequently overload, engine heat load is little, inlet and outlet since two wheeler is mainly used for manned
The components such as door, rocker arm spray machine oil by oilhole at the top of cowl hood, can reach corresponding lubrication and cooling effect substantially；And three
The universal load of wheeled motorcycle engine is heavier, and cylinder head heat density is larger, and heat dissipation is difficult, moreover when low engine speeds, machine
The pump oil amount of oil pump is less, and oil duct pressure is lower, so that inlet and outlet door temperature increases, metallographic structure is sent out for the reduction of cooling medium
It is broken after changing；High temperature makes machine oil thinning, and lubricant effect is deteriorated；There is phenomena such as valve is stuck.
Existing tricycle engine is there is also following disadvantage, and oil temperature is up to 130 DEG C or more, and valve spring is in high temperature ring
Elastic extenuation is larger under border, so that original distribution rhythm is disturbed, the interference of inlet and outlet door occurs, valve buckling failure starts
Machine breaks down；Since high heat cannot transmit in time, valve metallographic structure changes, and batch occurs and is broken.
In conclusion why there is the above situation first is that the cooling effect due to engine cylinder head is poor, lead to cylinder
Heat in head can not shed in time, second is that being reduced by high temperature bring lubricating oil viscosity, oxidation deterioration, lubricant effect is deteriorated.
Utility model content:
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of engine cylinder heads of valve high reliablity, especially severe
It can guarantee the reliability of valve under operating condition.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model is realized in this way: a kind of engine cylinder head of motor tricycle,
Including cylinder head ontology, it is provided with intake valve and exhaust valve on the cylinder head ontology, is additionally provided on the cylinder head ontology
Mounting hole one close to intake valve and the mounting hole two close to exhaust valve, it is characterised in that: on the hole wall of the mounting hole one
It is provided with the machine oil spray orifice one opposite with intake valve, is provided with the machine oil opposite with exhaust valve on the hole wall of the mounting hole two
Spray orifice two.The cylinder head of aforesaid way setting, enables to machine oil directly to carry out machine oil direct-injection to intake and exhaust valves, can make
The valve fracture probability of malfunction for obtaining engine is obviously reduced, and improves the reliability of engine, reduces economic loss.
Preferably, the machine oil spray orifice one is the through-hole being arranged on one hole wall of mounting hole and the valve stem phase with intake valve
Right, the machine oil spray orifice two is the notch or through-hole and opposite with the valve stem of exhaust valve that the upper wall of mounting hole two is arranged in.
In order to further increase lubrication and cooling effect, there is oil storage pool one in the air inlet valve position, in the exhaust valve
Place is provided with oil storage pool two.
Preferably, it is provided with oil separating plate between the intake valve and exhaust valve, in the intake valve and cylinder head oil return
Baffle one is provided between mouthful, the oil separating plate, baffle one and cylinder head ontology form oil storage pool one；In the exhaust valve and gas
Baffle two is provided between cylinder head oil return opening, the oil separating plate, baffle two and cylinder head ontology form oil storage pool two.
In order to further extend the shelf-life of machine oil, gap is provided on the oil separating plate.
Preferably, the gap is arranged between oil separating plate and cylinder head body wall, the wide 1-2mm of gap, deep 3-
5mm。
In order to further extend the shelf-life of machine oil, the baffle one is 18- away from cylinder head ontology roof with baffle two
20mm。
A kind of engine-cooling system of motor tricycle, including being arranged on the cylinder body combination end face of engine right cabinet
Two oilhole A, two the oilhole Bs, the oilhole B opposite with oilhole A are provided in cylinder block and run through cylinder block, the cylinder
Mounting hole one and mounting hole two on head ontology are communicated with oilhole B, and machine oil is flow in cylinder block by two oilhole A on right case
Oilhole B, and mounting hole one and mounting hole two are flow to by the oilhole B in cylinder block, then the spray of the machine oil by being arranged on mounting hole one
The machine oil spray orifice two being arranged on hole one and mounting hole two carries out oil injection to intake valve and exhaust valve.
To further increase lubrication effect, two oilhole A on the cylinder body combination end face of engine right cabinet it
Between be provided with the oil groove of connection, machine oil by two oilhole A on right case along end face oil groove be interconnected after flow in cylinder block
Oilhole B, and mounting hole one and mounting hole two are flow to by the oilhole B in cylinder block, then the spray of the machine oil by being arranged on mounting hole one
The machine oil spray orifice two being arranged on hole one and mounting hole two carries out oil injection to intake valve and exhaust valve.
A kind of engine for motorcycle, including cylinder head described above.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, oilhole at the top of original cowl hood, that is, cylinder cap is sprayed machine oil by the utility model, is optimized for by cylinder head oil duct
Intake and exhaust valves are directly sprayed in hole, and machine oil is enabled to be directly injected to the valve stem of intake valve and exhaust valve, spring
On, achieve the effect that best cooling and lubrication.And the cylinder head of the utility model adapts to the operating conditions such as climb and fall and level road, energy
Adapt to 15 ° of mountain area climb and fall, low speed, high revolving speed, big load etc. operating conditions.
Even if 2, can guarantee motor tricycle under the operating condition of bad environments, engine also can be realized effective cooling
And lubrication, avoid engine key components and parts from failing, the valve fracture probability of malfunction of especially engine is obviously reduced, improves
The reliability of engine, reduces economic loss.
3, the structure being arranged using the utility model, can be reduced to 120 DEG C or so for oil temperature；And air valve
High lubricating effect, valve stem abrasion loss reduce, and further extend the shelf-life of machine oil.In the process of running without excessive
Machine oil enter combustion chamber, oil consumption is few, and test result shows that the oil consumption of this structure reduces 3.7%.
4, the utility model cylinder head does not need to do big change on original cylinder head mold, better economy, inherits
Mature element with original cylinder head is locked, can carry out bulk production, have effective quality assurance, can be improved after
The service life of engine.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the utility model air cylinder head structure figure；
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the utility model cylinder block；
Fig. 3 is the engine right body structure figure of the utility model；
Fig. 4 is air cylinder head structure figure；
Fig. 5 is the engine structure schematic diagram of the utility model.
Specific embodiment:
Specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but the utility model
These embodiments are not limited to, any improvement or replacement on the present embodiment essence spirit still falls within the utility model
Claim range claimed.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figs. 1-5, a kind of engine cylinder head of motor tricycle, including cylinder head ontology 1, it is described
It is provided with intake valve 2 and exhaust valve 3 on cylinder head ontology, the mounting hole close to intake valve is additionally provided on the cylinder head ontology
1 and close to exhaust valve mounting hole 25, opposite with intake valve machine oil spray is provided on the hole wall of the mounting hole 1
Hole 1 is provided with the machine oil spray orifice two 51 opposite with exhaust valve on the hole wall of the mounting hole 25.
The engine cylinder head being arranged through the above way sprays the side of machine oil from oilhole at the top of cylinder cap to cylinder head originally
Formula is optimized for the mode directly sprayed by cylinder head oil hole intake and exhaust valves, reaches best cooling as a result,
With the effect of lubrication.Even if can guarantee motor tricycle under the operating condition of bad environments in turn, engine also can be realized
The cooling and lubrication of effect avoid the failure of engine key components and parts especially intake valve and exhaust valve, improve engine
Reliability and durability, reduce economic loss.
As another embodiment of the present embodiment, oilhole at the top of existing cylinder cap can be sprayed to the side of machine oil to cylinder head
Formula is combined with mode of the machine oil of the present embodiment to intake valve and exhaust valve direct-injection, can in the structure for not changing cylinder cap
Reach best lubrication and cooling effect.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Figs. 1-5, a kind of engine cylinder head of motor tricycle, including cylinder head ontology 1, it is described
It is provided with intake valve 2 and exhaust valve 3 on cylinder head ontology, the mounting hole close to intake valve is additionally provided on the cylinder head ontology
1 and close to exhaust valve mounting hole 25, opposite with intake valve machine oil spray is provided on the hole wall of the mounting hole 1
Hole 1 is provided with the machine oil spray orifice two 51 opposite in exhaust valve on the hole wall of the mounting hole 25.
Due to the inner wall with higher of mounting hole one, so the machine oil spray orifice 1 is to be arranged on one hole wall of mounting hole
Through-hole and with intake valve setting valve stem it is opposite, due to mounting hole two inner wall be shorter step, the machine oil spray orifice
Two be arranged in the upper wall of mounting hole two notch and with exhaust valve setting valve stem it is opposite.
In addition, another embodiment as the present embodiment, has oil storage pool one in the air inlet valve position, in the exhaust
Oil storage pool two is provided at valve, oil storage pool can be enclosed by cavity wall.
In the present embodiment, oil storage pool, which is formed such that, is provided with oil separating plate between the intake valve and exhaust valve
6, baffle 1, the oil separating plate 6, baffle 1 and cylinder head ontology are provided between the intake valve and cylinder head oil return opening
Form oil storage pool 1；Baffle 28, the oil separating plate 6, baffle two are provided between the exhaust valve and cylinder head oil return opening
8 form oil storage pool 2 12 with cylinder head ontology.
In addition, being provided with gap on the oil separating plate for the ease of the flowing of machine oil.The gap be preferably disposed on every
Between oiled-plate method and cylinder head body wall, that is, it is arranged at oil separating plate edge, the gap is preferably positioned to wide 1-2mm, deep 3-5mm,
It may be selected but be not limited to wide 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, depth 3mm, 4mm or 5mm etc.
And the baffle one and baffle two may be selected but are not limited to away from being 18-20mm at a distance from cylinder head ontology roof
18mm, 19mm or 20mm etc..
As another embodiment of the present embodiment, oilhole at the top of existing cylinder cap can be sprayed to the side of machine oil to cylinder head
Formula is combined with mode of the machine oil of the present embodiment to intake valve and exhaust valve direct-injection, can in the structure for not changing cylinder cap
Reach best lubrication and cooling effect.
Oilhole injection machine oil at the top of original cowl hood, that is, cylinder cap is optimized for by cylinder head to inlet valve by the present embodiment
Directly sprayed with exhaust valve, or both the mode that combines.Machine oil is enabled to be directly injected to the gas of intake valve and exhaust valve
In door rod, spring, achieve the effect that best cooling and lubrication.Even and if then motor tricycle can be guaranteed in bad environments
Under operating condition, engine also can be realized effective cooling and lubrication, avoids engine key components and parts from failing, improves engine
Engine reliability and durability, reduce economic loss.
The oil storage pool being arranged using the present embodiment, either in parking, flat pavement running or climb and fall, it is ensured that into,
Exhaust valve can infiltrate among machine oil, and pass through gap and baffle, it is ensured that the proper flow of machine oil.When machine oil is few
Machine oil can be assembled, can smoothly be drained machine oil to next path when machine oil is more.Can guarantee can reduce oil temperature
To 120 DEG C or so；And valve high lubricating effect, valve stem abrasion loss reduce, and further extend the shelf-life of machine oil.
And the present embodiment cylinder head does not need to do big change on original cylinder head mold, better economy, inherits and locking is former
Carry out the mature element of cylinder head, bulk production can be carried out, have effective quality assurance, engine can be improved after
Service life.
Embodiment 3: as shown in Figs. 1-5, the present embodiment provides a kind of three-wheel on the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
The engine-cooling system of motorcycle, the cooling system are mainly concerned with the cooling to cylinder head.The cooling system includes setting
Two oilhole A9 on the cylinder body combination end face of engine right cabinet 20 are set, are provided in cylinder block 30 opposite with oilhole A
Two oilholes B10, the oilhole B run through cylinder block, mounting hole 1 and mounting hole 25 and oilhole on the cylinder head ontology 1
B matches setting, and machine oil flow to the oilhole B in cylinder block by the oilhole A on right case, and is flow to by the oilhole B in cylinder block
The machine oil spray orifice two being arranged on mounting hole one and mounting hole two, then machine oil spray orifice one and mounting hole by being arranged on mounting hole one is right
Intake and exhaust valves carry out oil injection.
Two oilhole A as another embodiment of the present embodiment, on the cylinder body combination end face of engine right cabinet
Between be provided with the oil groove 91 of connection, machine oil by two oilhole A on right case along end face oil groove be interconnected after flow to cylinder
Oilhole B on body, and mounting hole one and mounting hole two, then the machine by being arranged on mounting hole one are flow to by the oilhole B in cylinder block
The machine oil spray orifice two being arranged on oily spray orifice one and mounting hole two carries out oil injection to intake valve and exhaust valve.
Wherein, the oilhole A and oilhole B is the oilhole being arranged in existing right case and cylinder block, while in two oil
Oil groove is increased between the A of hole.The oilhole B and oilhole A can also be mounting hole, and machine oil passes through mounting hole and mounting screw or installation
Gap between part enters cylinder head.
As another embodiment of the present embodiment, the oil groove may be provided at the end face in conjunction with right case in cylinder block
On two oilhole B between.Certainly can be arranged simultaneously between the oilhole A and oilhole B at the gentle cylinder junction surface of right case.
As another embodiment of the present embodiment, oilhole at the top of existing cylinder cap can be sprayed to the side of machine oil to cylinder head
Formula is combined with mode of the machine oil of the present embodiment to intake valve and exhaust valve direct-injection, can in the structure for not changing cylinder cap
Reach best lubrication and cooling effect.
To sum up, original cowl hood 40 is that oilhole sprays machine oil at the top of cylinder cap by the present embodiment, is optimized for by cylinder head
Oil hole directly sprays intake and exhaust valves, or both the mode that combines.Machine oil is enabled to be directly injected to air inlet
On the valve stem of valve and exhaust valve, spring, achieve the effect that best cooling and lubrication.And the cylinder head of embodiment adapts to
The operating conditions such as descending and level road, adapt to 15 ° of mountain area climb and fall, low speed, high revolving speed, big load etc. operating conditions.
Even if can also ensure that motor tricycle under the operating condition of bad environments, engine also can be realized effective cooling
And lubrication, avoid engine key components and parts from failing, the valve fracture probability of malfunction of especially engine is obviously reduced, improves
The operational reliability of valve further improves the reliability of engine, reduces economic loss.
Using the structure and cooling system of the present embodiment setting, oil temperature can be reduced to 120 DEG C or so；And
Air valve high lubricating effect, valve stem abrasion loss reduce, and further extend the shelf-life of machine oil.Do not have in the process of running
There is excessive machine oil to enter combustion chamber, oil consumption is few, and test result shows that the oil consumption of this structure reduces 3.7%.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of engine cylinder head of motor tricycle, including cylinder head ontology, air inlet is provided on the cylinder head ontology
Valve and exhaust valve are additionally provided with the mounting hole one close to intake valve and the mounting hole close to exhaust valve on the cylinder head ontology
Two, it is characterised in that: the machine oil spray orifice one opposite with intake valve is provided on the hole wall of the mounting hole one, in the installation
The machine oil spray orifice two opposite with exhaust valve is provided on the hole wall in hole two.
2. engine cylinder head as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the machine oil spray orifice one is to be arranged in mounting hole one
Through-hole on hole wall and opposite with the valve stem of intake valve, the machine oil spray orifice two is the notch that the upper wall of mounting hole two is arranged in
Or through-hole and opposite with the valve stem of exhaust valve.
3. engine cylinder head as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: there is oil storage pool one in the air inlet valve position,
Oil storage pool two is provided at the exhaust valve.
4. engine cylinder head as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: be provided between the intake valve and exhaust valve
Oil separating plate is provided with baffle one, the oil separating plate, baffle one and cylinder head sheet between the intake valve and cylinder head oil return opening
Body forms oil storage pool one；Be provided with baffle two between the exhaust valve and cylinder head oil return opening, the oil separating plate, baffle two with
Cylinder head ontology forms oil storage pool two.
5. engine cylinder head as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: be provided with gap on the oil separating plate.
6. engine cylinder head as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: the gap is arranged in oil separating plate and cylinder head sheet
Between body wall, the wide 1-2mm of gap, deep 3-5mm.
7. the engine cylinder head as described in claim 4,5 or 6, it is characterised in that: the baffle one is with baffle two away from cylinder
Head ontology roof is 18-20mm.
8. a kind of engine-cooling system of motor tricycle, it is characterised in that: the cylinder body including engine right cabinet is arranged in
In conjunction with two oilhole A on end face, it is provided with two the oilhole Bs, the oilhole B opposite with oilhole A in cylinder block and runs through cylinder
Body, mounting hole one and mounting hole two on the cylinder head ontology are communicated with oilhole B, and machine oil is by two oilhole A on right case
The oilhole B flowing in cylinder block, and mounting hole one and mounting hole two are flow to by the oilhole B in cylinder block, then by mounting hole one
The machine oil spray orifice two being arranged on the machine oil spray orifice hole one of setting and mounting hole two carries out oil injection to intake valve and exhaust valve.
9. the engine-cooling system as described in right wants 8, it is characterised in that: two on the cylinder body combination end face of right case
Be provided with the oil groove of connection between oilhole A, machine oil by two oilhole A on right case along end face oil groove be interconnected after flow to gas
Oilhole B on cylinder body, and mounting hole one and mounting hole two are flow to by the oilhole B in cylinder block, then by being arranged on mounting hole one
The machine oil spray orifice two being arranged on machine oil spray orifice one and mounting hole two carries out oil injection to intake valve and exhaust valve.
10. a kind of engine for motorcycle, it is characterised in that: including cylinder head of any of claims 1-7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821308136.9U CN208934812U (en) | 2018-08-14 | 2018-08-14 | The engine and its cylinder head and cooling system of a kind of motor tricycle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821308136.9U CN208934812U (en) | 2018-08-14 | 2018-08-14 | The engine and its cylinder head and cooling system of a kind of motor tricycle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN208934812U true CN208934812U (en) | 2019-06-04 |
Family
ID=66717723
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821308136.9U Withdrawn - After Issue CN208934812U (en) | 2018-08-14 | 2018-08-14 | The engine and its cylinder head and cooling system of a kind of motor tricycle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN208934812U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108894886A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-11-27 | 重庆万虎机电有限责任公司 | The engine and its cylinder head and cooling system of a kind of motor tricycle |
| CN112628009A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 安徽竞道动力科技有限公司 | Cylinder head structure of water-cooled engine of motorcycle |
-
2018
- 2018-08-14 CN CN201821308136.9U patent/CN208934812U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108894886A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-11-27 | 重庆万虎机电有限责任公司 | The engine and its cylinder head and cooling system of a kind of motor tricycle |
| CN108894886B (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2024-05-14 | 重庆万虎机电有限责任公司 | Engine of motor tricycle, cylinder head and cooling system thereof |
| CN112628009A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 安徽竞道动力科技有限公司 | Cylinder head structure of water-cooled engine of motorcycle |
| CN112628009B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-11-09 | 安徽竞道动力科技有限公司 | Cylinder head structure of water-cooled engine of motorcycle |
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Granted publication date: 20190604 Effective date of abandoning: 20240514 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20190604 Effective date of abandoning: 20240514 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |