CN208819978U - A kind of safe new structure battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model proposes a kind of safe new structure batteries, the positive plate of inside battery or negative electrode tab are divided into the small pole piece of multiple independences, small pole piece is divided into multiple groups again, small pole piece is connected on corresponding polar battery electrode column by current limit component in group, and another polar pole piece is connected directly on corresponding polar battery electrode column.Pass through the setting, when battery is caused the anode of battery, cathode that internal short-circuit occurs by improper factor, it will can be electrically connected cutting between the group and other groups automatically, prevent the electric current of other groups is from flowing to the group, simultaneously, the few pole piece of another quantity, the area of monolithic pole piece is big, is conducive to conduct heat, therefore, the internal short-circuit current of battery is much smaller by the short circuit current than conventional batteries, and heating rate also just substantially reduces, to effectively avoid the safety problem of burning, explosion.

Description

A kind of safe new structure battery

Technical field

The utility model relates to battery technology fields, more particularly, to a kind of safe novel battery structure.

Background technique

Lithium ion battery has the advantages such as specific energy is high, have extended cycle life, memory-less effect, is widely used in daily life In the Related products such as power supply, 3C, energy storage, power in work, become indispensable requisites in life.But compared to Other battery products, the lithium ion battery defect poor there is also safety.In use, inevitably will appear fall, The uncontrollable factors such as impact, extruding, puncture, super-charge super-discharge.During these, lithium ion battery be easy anode, cathode it Between occur internal short-circuit and there is catching fire, cause security risk.It is usual in design in order to improve lithium ion battery security The method used includes: the design of (1) vest, i.e., coats foil at core outer layer (winding)；(2) in diaphragm or cathode/anode Surface coating ceramic layer (such as CN100573976C)；(3) use closed pore diaphragm, or it is thicker, more resistant to high temperature, mechanical strength more Good diaphragm；(4) increase by one layer of plastic grain in cathode/positive electrode surface；(5) using thick pole piece technology；(6) active material uses The lower material of capacity, such as LiFePO4, LiMn2O4, low nickel ternary etc.；(7) increase bottom in current collector aluminum foil, copper foil surface Coating；(8) electrolyte improves, such as flame-retardant additive, oxidation-reduction pair additive is added；(9) peace is set on battery case Full valve, fuse or thermistor (such as CN2762362Y)；(10) PTC electrode technology (such as CN1145233C)；(11) Ceramic material or the rubberizing of insulation are coated on pole piece edge, tab；(12) twin-core, multicore are taken in single battery shell Design (such as CN100470916C) and other etc. means.But the above method for control battery, especially The later risk of internal short-circuit occurs for big battery, and the effect shown is but all less desirable, and it is other to require supplementation with exploitation Technical solution.Meanwhile the battery of other certain electrochemical systems, also it is faced with identical technical problem.

Summary of the invention

The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is provided a kind of safe novel for the prior art is insufficient and defect Battery structure improves the safety that battery uses.

To achieve the above object, the utility model uses following technical scheme: a kind of safe new structure battery, battery Internal positive piece is staggered with negative electrode tab, and diaphragm is spaced between positive plate and negative electrode tab；Positive plate or negative electrode tab are divided into Multiple small pole pieces of independence, the small pole piece quantity of independence are polar twice of pole piece quantity of another kind or more, independent small pole piece Monolithic area is less than the monolithic area of another polarity pole piece；The small pole piece of independence is divided into N number of group, N be positive integer and Numerical value is greater than 1, and the small pole piece of a piece of independence is included at least in every group, and independent small pole piece parallel passes through current limit component again in every group Corresponding polar pole is connected on battery, and another polar pole piece parallel is connected directly on battery corresponding polar pole Column.

Further, when in battery positive active material be liquid state or gaseous state shape, positive plate described in inside battery is Refer to the pole piece that electronics is attracted from negative pole by external circuit and electronics is supplied to positive active material.This kind of battery include but It is not limited to lithium-sulfur dioxide battery, lithium-thionyl chloride battery, lithium/sulfuryl chloride cell.

Further, when inside battery negative electrode active material is liquid state or gaseous state shape, negative electrode tab described in inside battery Refer to the pole piece taken electronics away from negative electrode active material and electronics is transferred to Positive Poles by external circuit.

Further, the current limit component includes the N number of input terminal and L output end being fixed on insulation board Son, and the current limliting body of connection the input terminal and the output terminal, N and L are positive integer and meet relational expression N >=L >=1；WhenWhen, input terminal and output terminal correspond, whenWhen, multiple input terminals share an output terminal；Electricity The pole piece of current limliting is needed to be connected in pond with input terminal, each input terminal connects a current limliting body, and limit is fluidly coupled to correspond to Output terminal, output terminal and corresponding battery electrode column are connected.

Further, the current limliting body is thermistor or fusible link, and the geometry of current limliting body can be Filamentous, item Shape, sheet, foil-like, annular.

Further, when the trigger current value of the current limliting body is the peak that battery operating temperature reaches its permission, electricity The maximum power that Chi Yiqi allows is discharged to capacity latter stage, flows through 1.5 times of the current value of current limliting body or more at this time.

Further, between the battery pole piece and the input terminal of current limit component, the output of current limit component Between terminal and battery electrode column, setting confluence piece is for connecting.Connection type between inside battery metal material be welding or Person's riveting.

Further, the small pole piece of the independence of inside battery is taken to the means of gluing, pressing, it is compound with electrical insulating material Together.

Insulation board, input terminal, current limliting body, output terminal, confluence piece and other materials in the utility model, In itself or after processing, it should be all resistant to the environment of inside battery, be not involved in discharge and recharge reaction, will not also be occurred harmful Side reaction.

Battery described in the utility model, including but not limited to lithium ion battery and other kinds of lithium storage battery, lithium Primary battery, smee cell, aluminium-silver oxide cell, sodium-sulphur battery, magnesium cell, reserve cell.Meanwhile the electrochemical appliances such as capacitor It can also be using the setting of identical pole group structure and current limliting setting.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are that the positive plate of inside battery or negative electrode tab are divided into the small pole piece of multiple independences, Its quantity is another twice or more；Small pole piece is divided into multiple groups, interior small pole piece is organized and is connected by current limit component It is connected on corresponding polar battery electrode column, and another polar pole piece is connected directly on corresponding polar battery electrode column.Pass through The setting, when battery is caused by improper factor the anode of battery, cathode that internal short-circuit occurs, can automatically by the group with Between other groups electrical connection cutting, prevent other group electric currents from flowing to the group, meanwhile, the few pole piece of another group of quantity, The area of monolithic pole piece is big, is conducive to conduct heat, and therefore, internal short-circuit of battery electric current will be more much smaller than conventional batteries short circuit current, Heating rate also just substantially reduces, to effectively avoid the safety problem of burning, explosion.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is that the utility model battery X, Y, Z axis is orientated schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is the utility model inside battery YZ plan cross-sectional partial schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is the utility model inside battery X/Y plane cross sectional portion schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 is the utility model inside battery XZ section plan partial schematic diagram one.

Fig. 5 is the utility model inside battery XZ section plan partial schematic diagram two.

Fig. 6 is the lithium an- ode schematic diagram in embodiment.

1- negative pole, 2- explosion-proof valve, 3- Positive Poles, 4- liquid injection hole sealing nail, the 5- positive powder bed of material, 6- anode collection Body, 7- diaphragm, 8- cathode powder layer, 9- negative current collector, 10- input terminal, 11- current limliting body, 12- output terminal, 13- insulation Plate, 14- confluence piece, 15- confluence piece, 16- confluence piece, 17- lithium band, the stainless steel foil of 18- insulation processing, 19- nickel strap.

Specific embodiment

The utility model is further described With reference to embodiment.Lithium described in following embodiment from Sub- battery, anode include but is not limited to LiFePO4, LiMn2O4, cobalt acid lithium, nickel cobalt manganese lithium, nickel cobalt aluminium lithium, cathode include but It is not limited to natural graphite, artificial graphite, lithium titanate, silicon, silicon carbon material.

Embodiment 1

A kind of stack type lithium ion battery, tri- axis of X, Y, Z orientation are as shown in Figure 1.Cathode pole is provided on battery case Column, explosion-proof valve 2, Positive Poles 3, liquid injection hole and sealing nail 4.

Inside battery includes 3 essentially identical pole group structures, and every group includes the positive plate stacked, diaphragm, negative electrode tab.Just Pole piece is aluminium foil by the positive powder bed of material 5 and plus plate current-collecting body 6(in the present embodiment) it constitutes；Negative electrode tab is by 8 He of cathode powder layer Negative current collector 9(is copper foil in the present embodiment) it constitutes.Diaphragm 7 is spaced between positive plate and negative electrode tab；Wherein positive plate Quantity is 9, and monolithic area is smaller；Negative electrode tab quantity, which is that 4(2 piece is two-sided, cathode powder layer, and 2 single sides have cathode powder Layer), and monolithic area is larger, the ratio of number of positive plate and negative electrode tab is 2.25, as shown in Figure 2.Pole piece is in electricity in order to prevent Displacement inside pond, the surface that diaphragm 7 contacts the positive powder bed of material 5 are coated with adhesive PVDF, by hot pressing by diaphragm 7 and positive powder The bed of material 5 is combined together.Cathode can be with diaphragm adhering, also non-sticking conjunction.

The positive plate of each pole group structure is connected with current limit component；Current limit component includes being fixed on insulation board Input terminal 10, output terminal 12 on 13, and the current limliting body 11 being welded between input terminal 10 and output terminal 12.It will The part that collector 6 in positive plate stretches out the positive powder bed of material 5 cuts into positive pole ear, by the positive pole ear one in single pole group It rises and is soldered on input terminal 10；Welding confluence piece 14 on output terminal 12, as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4；Confluence piece 14 reconnects electricity Pond Positive Poles 3.The part that its collector 9 stretches out cathode powder layer 8 is cut into cathode pole by the negative electrode tab in each pole group Ear is directly connected to the negative pole 1 of battery using confluence piece.In the present embodiment, input terminal 10, current limliting body 11, output Terminal 12, confluence piece 14, material is aluminium.

It is walked using techniques such as the general nut cap welding of lithium ion battery, drying, fluid injection, Feng Ding, cleaning, forming and capacity dividings Suddenly, the lithium ion battery for meeting the requires of the utility model is made.

By this structure setting, electrical communication can only occur by current limliting body 11 between each pole group, if in battery Internal short-circuit occurs between one group of portion or multiple groups positive electrode and negative electrode, will be melted quickly when current limliting body 11 is if it is fusible link Disconnected, its resistance value will increase quickly when if it is thermistor, so that the electric current that other pole groups flow to the group will be blocked. In this way, the short circuit current of inside battery is strictly limited, heating rate is just substantially reduced than conventional batteries, thus avoid burning, The safety problem of explosion.

Embodiment 2

Embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is: as shown in figure 5, the positive plate quantity in each pole group is 2.In XZ plane, there are 4 pole groups；On X/Y plane, there is 7 pole groups (the X/Y plane sectional view of embodiment 3 is not drawn).Entirely The pole group quantity of inside battery is 4 × 7=28.Positive plate quantity is 2 × 28=56, and the quantity of negative electrode tab is 9, positive plate Quantity be 6.22 times of negative electrode tab quantity.

Embodiment 3

A kind of takeup type lithium-manganese dioxide column cell.

Anode: deionized water and a small amount of ethyl alcohol are added in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lotion, adds by high temperature Anode dough is made by stirring in electrolytic manganese dioxide (MnO2), the carbon dust conductive agent of reason；On rubber mixing machine repeatedly by dough Anode diaphragm is made in refining；It is attached in aluminium net after 2 diaphragm drying, strip anode is made after rolling, cutting Piece.304 stainless steel strip tabs are welded in the aluminium net finally exposed on anode, and stick high temperature gummed tape, complete anode preparation.

Cathode: 3 identical lithiums are slightly less than to the one third of positive width with the width of 17(single lithium band 17), in parallel It is pressed together on 18 side of stainless steel foil handled with polypropylene insulation, there are the gaps of 1mm between adjacent lithium band.The width of foil It is 3 times of+2mm of 17 width of single lithium band, the length of foil is 10mm shorter than lithium strip length；The other side of foil similarly presses 3 Bar lithium band.In this way, foil two lithium bands opposing upper and lower, there is the pressing area of 10mm in tail portion.Nickel strap 19 is attached to lithium tail Area is pressed, as negative lug.

Battery preparation: by diaphragm, cathode, and later anode is dried again, winding together, forms cylindrical core； Positive pole ear is soldered to anode pole；By the input terminal of three tab weldings of cathode to current limit component, then Flow of using foreign currency limits current to the output terminal of component and is connected with the negative pole of battery.

Using processing steps such as nut cap welding, fluid injection, Feng Ding, cleaning, pre-arcing, it is made and meets the requires of the utility model Lithium-manganese dioxide column cell.

Battery described in the utility model embodiment, including but not limited to lithium ion battery and other kinds of lithium electric power storage Pond, lithium primary cell, smee cell, aluminium-silver oxide cell, sodium-sulphur battery, magnesium cell, reserve cell；Furthermore the electrochemistry such as capacitor Device can also be using the pole group structure setting in embodiment.

Above embodiment is being explained further of doing to the utility model and illustrates, be cannot function as to the utility model Limitation.For the utility model person of an ordinary skill in the technical field, before not departing from the utility model design It puts, makes several equivalent substitute or obvious modifications, and performance or use is identical, all shall be regarded as belonging to the utility model Protection scope.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of safe new structure battery, which is characterized in that inside battery positive plate is staggered with negative electrode tab, between diaphragm It is interposed between positive plate and negative electrode tab；Positive plate or negative electrode tab are divided into the small pole piece of multiple independences, the small pole piece quantity of independence It is polar twice of pole piece quantity of another kind or more, the monolithic area of independent small pole piece is less than the monolithic face of another polarity pole piece Product；The small pole piece of independence is divided into N number of group, and N is positive integer and numerical value is greater than 1, and it is small to include at least a piece of independence in every group Pole piece, independent small pole piece parallel passes through current limit component again and is connected on battery corresponding polar pole in every group, another Polar pole piece parallel is connected directly on battery corresponding polar pole.

2. a kind of safe new structure battery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that inside battery positive electrode active material Matter is liquid state or gaseous state shape；Positive plate described in inside battery, which refers to, attracts electronics from negative pole by external circuit and will be electric Son is supplied to the pole piece of positive active material.

3. a kind of safe new structure battery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that inside battery negative electrode active material Matter is liquid state or gaseous state shape；Negative electrode tab described in inside battery, which refers to, to be taken electronics away from negative electrode active material and passes through electronics External circuit transfers to the pole piece of Positive Poles.

4. a kind of safe new structure battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the independence Small pole piece takes gluing, the means of pressing and electrical insulating material to be compounded in one.

5. a kind of safe new structure battery according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the current limit component packet Include the N number of input terminal and L output terminal being fixed on insulation board, and the current limliting of connection the input terminal and the output terminal Body, N and L are positive integer and meet relational expression N >=L >=1；As N=L, input terminal and output terminal are corresponded, and work as N When > L, multiple input terminals share an output terminal；The pole piece of current limliting is needed to be connected in battery with input terminal, it is each defeated Enter terminal and connect a current limliting body, limit is fluidly coupled to corresponding output terminal, and output terminal is connected with corresponding battery electrode column.

6. a kind of safe new structure battery according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the current limliting body is temperature-sensitive electricity Resistance or fusible link, current limliting body geometry can be filiform, strip, sheet, foil-like, annular.

7. a kind of safe new structure battery according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the triggering electricity of the current limliting body When flow valuve is the peak that battery operating temperature reaches its permission, battery is discharged to capacity latter stage with its maximum power allowed, 1.5 times or more of the current value of current limliting body are flowed through at this time.

8. a kind of safe new structure battery according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the positive plate of the battery or Between negative electrode tab and the input terminal of current limit component, between the output terminal and battery electrode column of current limit component, setting Confluence piece is for connecting.

9. a kind of safe new structure battery according to claim 5, which is characterized in that inside battery metal material it Between connection type be welding or riveting.