CN208818972U - Phase shifter and liquid crystal antenna - Google Patents
Phase shifter and liquid crystal antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN208818972U CN208818972U CN201821295469.2U CN201821295469U CN208818972U CN 208818972 U CN208818972 U CN 208818972U CN 201821295469 U CN201821295469 U CN 201821295469U CN 208818972 U CN208818972 U CN 208818972U
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- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of phase shifter and liquid crystal antenna, belongs to field of communication technology.The phase shifter of the utility model, comprising: the first substrate and the second substrate being oppositely arranged, and the liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate；The first substrate includes: the first substrate, and the first electrode of the side positioned at first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer；The second substrate includes: the second substrate, and close to the second electrode of the side of the liquid crystal layer in second substrate；The phase shifter further includes the auxiliary capacitor connecting with first electrode.The phase shifter of the utility model combines low-pass filter and high-pass filter, to improve the adjustable extent of phase shifter, and the loss of phase shifter is improved within the scope of working frequency range, to increase the phase shift degree in specific loss.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of communication, concretely relates to move looks ware and liquid crystal antenna.
Background
The phase shifter is a device for regulating and controlling the phase of electromagnetic waves, and is widely applied to various communication systems, such as satellite communication, phased array radar, remote sensing and remote measurement and the like, the transmission characteristics of the traditional microstrip line phase shifter are all periodic loading structures with low-pass characteristics, and the phase shifting effect is achieved by regulating some parameters of the periodic loading structures.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses aim at solving one of the technical problem that exists among the prior art at least, provide one kind can reduce loss move looks ware and liquid crystal antenna.
Solve the utility model discloses technical scheme that technical problem adopted is a move looks ware, include: the liquid crystal display panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged, and the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate; the first substrate includes: the liquid crystal display panel comprises a first substrate and a first electrode, wherein the first electrode is positioned on one side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; the second substrate includes: the second substrate and a second electrode are positioned on one side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate; the phase shifter further includes an auxiliary capacitor connected to the first electrode.
Preferably, the first electrode includes: a microstrip line; the second electrode includes: a plurality of sub-electrodes arranged periodically; wherein the microstrip line and the orthographic projection of the sub-electrode on the first substrate are at least partially overlapped.
Preferably, the microstrip line includes: a plurality of transmission units which are periodically arranged are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the transmission unit; a slit is defined between any two adjacent transmission units;
a plurality of auxiliary electrodes corresponding to the positions of the slits are arranged on one side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate;
the orthographic projection of each auxiliary electrode on the first substrate covers the corresponding slit and the partial positions of two adjacent transmission units for limiting the slit; wherein,
each auxiliary electrode and the partial position of the transmission unit covered by the orthographic projection of the auxiliary electrode on the first substrate form the auxiliary capacitor.
Preferably, the auxiliary electrode and the sub-electrode are arranged in the same layer and made of the same material.
Preferably, the first pole piece and the second pole piece of the auxiliary capacitor are both connected with the microstrip line.
Preferably, the first pole piece and the second pole piece of each auxiliary capacitor are connected to the same side of the microstrip line.
Preferably, any two adjacent sub-electrodes are provided with one auxiliary capacitor in an area defined by orthographic projections of the sub-electrodes on the first substrate.
Preferably, the first and second pole pieces of the auxiliary electrode and the microstrip line are in an integrally formed structure.
Preferably, the microstrip line includes: a body structure; the main body structure comprises: a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other in an axial direction thereof; the first side and the second side of the main body structure are connected with branch structures which are periodically arranged; the second electrode comprises a pair of sub-electrodes; each sub-electrode is overlapped with the orthographic projection part of the corresponding branch structure connected with the main body structure on the first substrate.
Preferably, the main body structure includes: a plurality of transmission units which are periodically arranged are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the main body structure; a slit is defined between any two adjacent transmission units; the transmission units are connected with branch structures;
a plurality of auxiliary electrodes corresponding to the positions of the slits are arranged on one side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate;
the orthographic projection of each auxiliary electrode on the first substrate covers the corresponding slit and partial areas of two adjacent transmission units for limiting the slit; wherein,
each auxiliary electrode and a partial area of the transmission unit covered by the orthographic projection of the auxiliary electrode on the first substrate form the auxiliary capacitor.
Preferably, the auxiliary electrode and the sub-electrode are arranged in the same layer and made of the same material.
Preferably, a ground electrode is provided on a side of the first substrate facing away from the liquid crystal layer.
Solve the technical problem the utility model discloses the technical scheme that technical problem adopted is a liquid crystal antenna, and it includes foretell looks ware that moves.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a phase shifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a phase shifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit model of a phase shifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a transmission characteristic curve when the variable capacitance in the phase shifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention takes a minimum value;
fig. 5 is a transmission characteristic curve when the variable capacitance in the phase shifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention takes a maximum value;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a conventional phase shifter;
FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit model of a conventional phase shifter;
fig. 8 is a transmission characteristic curve when a variable capacitance in a conventional phase shifter takes a minimum value;
fig. 9 is a transmission characteristic curve when a variable capacitance in a conventional phase shifter takes a maximum value;
fig. 10 is a plan view of a phase shifter according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a first side view of a phase shifter according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a second side view of a phase shifter according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 13 is an equivalent circuit model of a phase shifter according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a plan view of a phase shifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a side view of a phase shifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 16 is an equivalent circuit model of a phase shifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are: 10. a first substrate; 1. a microstrip line; 11. a transmission unit, 12 ground electrodes, 13, a branch structure; 20. a second substrate; 21. a sub-electrode; 22. An auxiliary electrode; 30. a liquid crystal layer; 31. liquid crystal molecules; c1, variable capacitance; c2, auxiliary capacitance; q, a slit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used in the present embodiment should have the ordinary meanings that those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs understand. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the present embodiments does not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be "directly on" or "under" the other element or intervening elements may be present.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a liquid crystal phase shifter, which comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged, and the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate includes: the liquid crystal display device comprises a first substrate and a first electrode, wherein the first electrode is positioned on one side of the first substrate close to a liquid crystal layer; the second substrate includes: the liquid crystal display panel comprises a second substrate and a second electrode positioned on one side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; the first and second electrodes form an electric field upon application of a voltage to deflect liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, thereby changing a dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer so as to change a phase of a microwave signal transmitted into the liquid crystal layer. In particular, in this embodiment, the first electrode is further connected to an auxiliary capacitor, so as to reduce the overall loss of the phase shifter and improve the phase shift degree of the phase shifter in unit loss.
In order to make the specific structure of the liquid crystal phase shifter more clear, the phase shifter will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment provides a liquid crystal phase shifter including a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 30 between the first substrate and the second substrate.
The first substrate includes: a first substrate 10, a first electrode on a side of the first substrate 10 close to the liquid crystal layer 30, and a ground electrode 12 on a side of the first substrate 10 away from the liquid crystal layer 30; specifically, the first electrode is a microstrip line 1; the microstrip line 1 includes a plurality of transmission units 11 arranged periodically and sequentially along the axial direction thereof, and a slit Q is defined between any two adjacent transmission units 11, that is, the transmission units 11 are arranged at intervals, and preferably, the intervals are the same.
The second substrate includes: comprises a second substrate 20 and a second electrode positioned on one side of the second substrate 20 close to the liquid crystal layer 30. The second electrode includes a plurality of sub-electrodes 21 arranged periodically; each sub-electrode 21 at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the microstrip line 1 on the first substrate 10. A plurality of auxiliary electrodes 22 are further disposed on the second substrate, and each auxiliary electrode 22 corresponds to one of the slits Q on the first substrate 10. Wherein, the orthographic projection of the auxiliary electrode 22 on the first substrate 10 covers the corresponding slit Q and the partial positions of two adjacent transmission units 11 defining the slit Q; the auxiliary electrode 22 covers with its orthographic projection on the first substrate 10 the position of the part of the transmission structure that is also C2 shown in fig. 1 and 2.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1, each transmission unit 11 is disposed opposite to one sub-electrode 21 for achieving the better effect, but each transmission unit 11 is not limited to be disposed opposite to one sub-electrode 21, and the description is given only by taking this arrangement as an example in the present embodiment.
In the phase shifter of this embodiment, the microstrip line 1 and the ground electrode 12 constitute a transmission structure of microwave signals, so that most of the microwave signals are transmitted in the first substrate 10, and only a small part of the microwave signals are transmitted in the liquid crystal layer 30, and the material of the first substrate 10 is usually glass, ceramic, etc., which do not absorb the microwave signals, so that the loss of the microwave signals during transmission can be greatly reduced. When voltage signals are applied to the transmission unit 11 and the sub-electrode 21 in the phase shifter of this embodiment, an electric field is generated between the layers where the transmission unit 11 and the sub-electrode 21 are located, meanwhile, the transmission unit 11 and the auxiliary electrode 22 are overlapped to form the auxiliary capacitor C2, an electric field is also generated between the transmission unit 11 and the auxiliary electrode 22, the generated electric field deflects the liquid crystal molecules 31 in the liquid crystal layer 30, so as to change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 30, and realize the phase shift of the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 30, and then the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 30 and the microwave signal in the first substrate 10 are alternately transmitted, so as to realize the phase shift of the entire microwave.
Wherein, each transmission unit 11 is equivalent to an inductor L, the transmission unit 11 and the sub-electrode 21 are overlapped to form a variable capacitor C1, the auxiliary electrode 22 and the transmission unit 11 are overlapped to form an auxiliary capacitor C2, and each transmission unit 11 and the ground electrode 12 are overlapped to form an overlapped capacitor C; as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit model of fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 6, the phase shifter in the prior art is composed of a first substrate and a second substrate which are oppositely arranged, and a liquid crystal layer 30 which is positioned between the two substrates; the first substrate comprises a first substrate 10, a microstrip line 1 located on one side of the first substrate 10 close to the liquid crystal layer 30, and a ground electrode 12 located on one side of the first substrate 10 away from the liquid crystal layer 30; the second substrate includes: and a second substrate, a plurality of sub-electrodes 21 arranged periodically and positioned on one side of the second substrate 20 close to the liquid crystal layer 30. The microstrip line 1 is equivalent to an inductor L, the microstrip line 1 and the sub-electrode 21 are overlapped to form a variable capacitor C1, and the microstrip line 1 and the ground electrode 12 are overlapped to form an overlapped capacitor C; as shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 is an equivalent circuit model of fig. 6.
It can be seen that the equivalent circuit model of the existing phase shifter constitutes a low-pass filter; the equivalent circuit model of the phase shifter in this embodiment is equivalent to connecting an auxiliary capacitor C2 in series with the microstrip line 1 in the technology, and at this time, the equivalent circuit model of the phase shifter in this embodiment constitutes a low-pass filter combined with a high-pass filter, that is, equivalent to a band-pass filter. Fig. 8 and 9 are transmission characteristic curves of the conventional phase shifter in operation, wherein fig. 8 is a transmission characteristic curve of the conventional phase shifter in which the variable capacitance C1 is at a minimum value, and fig. 9 is a transmission characteristic curve of the conventional phase shifter in which the variable capacitance C1 is at a maximum value; fig. 4 and 5 show transmission characteristic curves of the phase shifter in this embodiment during operation, where fig. 4 is a transmission characteristic curve when the variable capacitance C1 of the phase shifter in this embodiment is at a minimum value, and fig. 5 is a transmission characteristic curve when the variable capacitance C1 of the phase shifter in this embodiment is at a maximum value; compare m shown in FIGS. 4 and 81The loss of the phase shifter at a point (i.e. the working frequency point of the phase shifter) is shown in fig. 4 and 8, which are the loss of the phase shifter at the working frequency of 3.5GHz, and it can be seen that the loss of the phase shifter in this embodiment isThe loss of the phase shifter at the working frequency point is still 0, and the working loss in the existing phase shifter begins to deviate from 0 and begins to generate loss; similarly, the same is true for comparing fig. 5 and 10, and will not be described in detail here. Therefore, the phase shifter in the embodiment can improve the adjustable range of the phase shifter, and improve the loss of the phase shifter in the working frequency band range, thereby increasing the phase shifting degree in unit loss.
In the phase shifter of the present embodiment, the sub-electrodes 21 and the auxiliary electrodes 22 on the second substrate 20 are disposed in the same layer and made of the same material. At the moment, the two parts of structures can be prepared in a one-time composition process, so that the production efficiency of the phase shifter can be effectively improved, and the cost can be saved.
The widths of the slits Q between the transmission units 11 in the microstrip line 1 of this embodiment are the same, that is, the transmission units 11 are arranged in the same interval manner periodically, but the periodic arrangement of the transmission units 11 is not limited thereto, and the transmission units 11 may also be arranged according to a preset arrangement rule.
In the embodiment, the distances between the sub-electrodes 21 in the second electrode are the same, that is, the sub-electrodes 21 are arranged in the same manner, but the periodic arrangement of the sub-electrodes 21 is not limited thereto, and the sub-electrodes 21 may also be arranged according to a preset arrangement rule.
Wherein, each transmission unit 11 is disposed corresponding to at least one sub-electrode 21 (in the figure, it is illustrated that each transmission unit 11 is disposed corresponding to one sub-electrode 21), and preferably, the axial direction of each transmission unit 11 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the sub-electrode 21, so as to ensure that there is a large enough overlapping area between the transmission unit 11 and the sub-electrode 21, so that after the transmission unit 11 and the sub-electrode 21 are applied with a voltage, the generated electric field can deflect the liquid crystal molecules 31, change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 30, and implement the phase shift of the microwave signal.
The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may be a peeling substrate with a thickness of 100-1000 microns, a sapphire substrate, a polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a thickness of 10-500 microns, a triallyl cyanurate substrate, and a polyimide transparent flexible substrate. Specifically, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may use high-purity quartz glass having extremely low dielectric loss. Compared with a common glass substrate, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are made of quartz glass, so that the loss of microwaves can be effectively reduced, and the phase shifter has low power consumption and high signal-to-noise ratio.
The materials of each transmission unit 11, the ground electrode 12, the sub-electrode 21, and the auxiliary electrode 22 in the microstrip line 1 may be made of metals such as aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, or iron. Moreover, each transmission unit 11 in the microstrip line 1 may also be made of transparent conductive oxide.
Wherein, the liquid crystal molecule 31 in the liquid crystal layer 30 is a positive liquid crystal molecule 31 or a negative liquid crystal molecule 31, and it should be noted that, when the liquid crystal molecule 31 is the positive liquid crystal molecule 31, the included angle between the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule 31 and the second electrode of the embodiment of the present invention is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 45 degrees. When liquid crystal molecule 31 is negative liquid crystal molecule 31, the utility model discloses specific embodiment contained angle between liquid crystal molecule 31 major axis direction and the second electrode is greater than 45 degrees and is less than 90 degrees, has guaranteed that liquid crystal molecule 31 takes place to deflect the back, changes the dielectric constant of liquid crystal layer 30 to reach the purpose of shifting the phase.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 10 to 12, the present embodiment provides a liquid crystal phase shifter according to the present embodiment, which includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 30 disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
The first substrate includes: a first substrate 10, a first electrode on a side of the first substrate 10 close to the liquid crystal layer 30, and a ground electrode 12 on a side of the first substrate 10 away from the liquid crystal layer 30; specifically, the first electrode is a microstrip line 1; the microstrip line 1 comprises a main body structure, wherein the main body structure comprises a first side and a second side which are oppositely arranged along the axial direction of the main body structure; the microstrip line 1 further comprises branch structures 13 periodically arranged on the first side and the second side of the main body structure; and for the convenience of controlling the phase shifter in this embodiment, the branch structures 13 connected to the first side and the second side of the main body structure may be arranged to be symmetrically arranged along the axial direction of the main body structure. The main structure of the microstrip line 1 includes a plurality of transmission units 11 arranged periodically along the axial direction thereof, and a slit Q is defined between any two adjacent transmission units 11. In the present embodiment, the branching structure 13 is connected to both the first side and the second side of each transfer unit 11 as an example; for the convenience of the following description, the first side and the second side of each transmission structure are exemplified by connecting a branch structure 13. Wherein it is to be understood that the respective transmission structures are arranged in sequence in the axial direction of the body structure, the first and second sides of the transmission structures are then the first and second sides of the body structure.
The second substrate includes: a second substrate 20, and a second electrode on the second substrate 20. The second electrode includes a pair of sub-electrodes 21, and one of the pair of sub-electrodes 21 is referred to as a first sub-electrode 21 and the other is referred to as a second sub-electrode 21 for convenience of description. Wherein, the first sub-electrode 21 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the branch structure 13 connected to the first side of the main structure on the substrate, and the second sub-electrode 21 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the branch structure 13 connected to the second side of the main structure on the first substrate 10. A plurality of auxiliary electrodes 22 are further disposed on the second substrate 20; the position of one auxiliary electrode 22 corresponds to the position of one slit Q on the first substrate 10; and the orthographic projection of each auxiliary electrode 22 on the first substrate 10 covers the corresponding slit Q and the partial positions of two adjacent transmission units 11 defining the slit Q; the auxiliary capacitor C2 and the partial position of the transmission unit 11 covered by its orthographic projection on the first substrate 10 constitute the auxiliary capacitor C2, i.e., C2 shown in the figure.
The phase shifter in this embodiment forms a transmission structure of microwave signals through the main structure of the microstrip line 1 and the ground electrode 12, so that most of the microwave signals are transmitted in the first substrate 10, only a small part of the microwave signals are transmitted in the liquid crystal layer 30, and the first substrate 10 is usually made of glass, ceramic, or the like, which do not absorb the microwave signals, thereby greatly reducing the loss of the microwave signals in the transmission process. When a voltage is applied to the sub-electrode 21 in the microstrip line 1 and the second electrode in the present embodiment, an electric field is formed between each branch structure 13 and the sub-electrode 21 disposed opposite thereto, and an electric field is also formed between the auxiliary electrode 22 and the transmission unit 11, so that the liquid crystal molecules 31 in the liquid crystal layer 30 are deflected, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 30, and realizing the phase shift of the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 30, and then the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 30 and the microwave signal in the first substrate 10 are alternately transmitted, so as to realize the phase shift of the entire microwave signal.
Each transmission unit 11 of the main body structure is equivalent to an inductor L, each branch structure 13 is equivalent to a branch inductor L1, the branch structure 13 and the sub-electrode 21 are overlapped to form a variable capacitor C1, the auxiliary electrode 22 and the transmission unit 11 are overlapped to form an auxiliary capacitor C2, and each transmission unit 11 and the ground electrode 12 are overlapped to form an overlapped capacitor C; as shown in fig. 14, fig. 14 is an equivalent circuit model of fig. 11. The equivalent circuit model of the conventional phase shifter is also shown in fig. 7.
It can be seen that the equivalent circuit model of the existing phase shifter constitutes a low-pass filter; the equivalent circuit model of the phase shifter in this embodiment is equivalent to connecting an auxiliary capacitor C2 in series with the microstrip line 1 in the technology, and at this time, the equivalent circuit model of the phase shifter in this embodiment constitutes a low-pass filter combined with a high-pass filter, that is, equivalent to a band-pass filter. The equivalent circuit model of the phase shifter in this embodiment is substantially the same as that in embodiment 1, except that each variable capacitor is connected in series with a branch inductor L1, but the output characteristic curve of the circuit model is not much different from that in embodiment 1, and is substantially the same, that is, the phase shifter in this embodiment can also improve the adjustable range of the phase shifter, and improve the loss of the phase shifter in the operating frequency band range, thereby increasing the degree of phase shift in unit loss.
In the phase shifter of the present embodiment, the sub-electrodes 21 and the auxiliary electrodes 22 on the second substrate 20 are disposed in the same layer and made of the same material. At the moment, the two parts of structures can be prepared in a one-time composition process, so that the production efficiency of the phase shifter can be effectively improved, and the cost can be saved.
The widths of the slits Q between the transmission units 11 in the microstrip line 1 of this embodiment are the same, that is, the transmission units 11 are arranged in the same interval manner periodically, but the periodic arrangement of the transmission units 11 is not limited thereto, and the transmission units 11 may also be arranged according to a preset arrangement rule.
The distances between the branch structures 13 in the microstrip line 1 of this embodiment are the same, that is, the sub-electrodes 21 are arranged periodically with the same distance, but the periodic arrangement of the sub-electrodes 21 is not limited to this, and the branch structures 13 may also be arranged according to a preset arrangement rule. In addition, each transmission unit 11 in the embodiment is connected with a sub-structure, and the sub-structure and the transmission unit 11 are of an integrally formed structure, that is, the sub-structure and the transmission unit can be prepared in one process, so that the preparation process can be simplified, and the cost can be saved.
The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may be a peeling substrate with a thickness of 100-1000 microns, a sapphire substrate, a polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a thickness of 10-500 microns, a triallyl cyanurate substrate, and a polyimide transparent flexible substrate. Specifically, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may use high-purity quartz glass having extremely low dielectric loss. Compared with a common glass substrate, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are made of quartz glass, so that the loss of microwaves can be effectively reduced, and the phase shifter has low power consumption and high signal-to-noise ratio.
The materials of each transmission unit 11, the branch structure 13, the ground electrode 12, the sub-electrode 21, and the auxiliary electrode 22 in the microstrip line 1 may be made of metals such as aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, or iron. Moreover, each transmission unit 11 in the microstrip line 1 may also be made of transparent conductive oxide.
Wherein, the liquid crystal molecule 31 in the liquid crystal layer 30 is a positive liquid crystal molecule 31 or a negative liquid crystal molecule 31, and it should be noted that, when the liquid crystal molecule 31 is the positive liquid crystal molecule 31, the included angle between the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule 31 and the second electrode of the embodiment of the present invention is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 45 degrees. When liquid crystal molecule 31 is negative liquid crystal molecule 31, the utility model discloses specific embodiment contained angle between liquid crystal molecule 31 major axis direction and the second electrode is greater than 45 degrees and is less than 90 degrees, has guaranteed that liquid crystal molecule 31 takes place to deflect the back, changes the dielectric constant of liquid crystal layer 30 to reach the purpose of shifting the phase.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 14 and 15, the present embodiment provides a phase shifter including a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 30 between the first substrate and the second substrate.
The first substrate includes: a first substrate 10, a first electrode on a side of the first substrate 10 close to the liquid crystal layer 30, and a ground electrode 12 on a side of the first substrate 10 away from the liquid crystal layer 30; specifically, the first electrode is a microstrip line 1; an auxiliary capacitor C2 is further disposed on the first substrate 10, wherein the first pole piece and the second pole piece of the auxiliary capacitor C2 are both connected to the microstrip line 1. It should be noted that the first and second pole pieces of the auxiliary capacitor C2 are disposed opposite to each other, and therefore it can be understood that the first and second pole pieces of the auxiliary capacitor C2 are connected to the same side of the microstrip line 1.
The second substrate includes: comprises a second substrate 20 and a second electrode positioned on one side of the second substrate 20 close to the liquid crystal layer 30. The second electrode includes a plurality of sub-electrodes 21 arranged periodically; each sub-electrode 21 at least partially overlaps with the orthogonal projection of the microstrip line 1 on the first substrate 10. Wherein, any two adjacent sub-electrodes 21 are provided with an auxiliary capacitor C2 in the area defined by the orthographic projection on the first substrate 10.
In the phase shifter of this embodiment, the microstrip line 1 and the ground electrode 12 constitute a transmission structure of microwave signals, so that most of the microwave signals are transmitted in the first substrate 10, and only a small part of the microwave signals are transmitted in the liquid crystal layer 30, and the material of the first substrate 10 is usually glass, ceramic, etc., which do not absorb the microwave signals, so that the loss of the microwave signals during transmission can be greatly reduced. When voltage signals are applied to the microstrip line 1 and the sub-electrode 21 in the phase shifter of this embodiment, an electric field is generated between the layers where the microstrip line 1 and the sub-electrode 21 are located, the generated electric field deflects the liquid crystal molecules 31 in the liquid crystal layer 30, so as to change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 30, and implement phase shifting of the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 30, and then the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 30 and the microwave signal in the first substrate 10 are interactively transmitted, so as to implement phase shifting of the entire microwave signal.
The microstrip line 1 can be equivalent to an inductor L, the microstrip line 1 and the sub-electrode 21 are overlapped to form a variable capacitor C1, the first pole piece and the second pole piece connected to the microstrip line 1 form an auxiliary capacitor C2, and the microstrip line 1 and the ground electrode 12 are overlapped to form an overlapped capacitor C; as shown in fig. 16, fig. 16 is an equivalent circuit model of fig. 15. The equivalent circuit model of the conventional phase shifter is also shown in fig. 7.
It can be seen that the equivalent circuit model of the existing phase shifter constitutes a low-pass filter; the equivalent circuit model of the phase shifter in this embodiment is equivalent to connecting an auxiliary capacitor C2 in parallel to the microstrip line 1 in the technology, and at this time, the equivalent circuit model of the phase shifter in this embodiment constitutes a low-pass filter combined with a high-pass filter, that is, equivalent to a band-pass filter. The equivalent circuit model of the phase shifter in this embodiment is substantially the same as that in embodiment 1, in this embodiment, an auxiliary capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to the microstrip line 1, and in the phase shifter in embodiment 1, the microstrip line 1 is connected in series with an auxiliary capacitor C2, but the output characteristic curve of the circuit model is not much different from that in embodiment 1 and is basically the same, that is, the phase shifter in this embodiment can also improve the adjustable range of the phase shifter, and improve the loss of the phase shifter in the operating frequency band range, thereby increasing the phase shift degree in unit loss.
In the phase shifter of this embodiment, the microstrip line 1 on the first substrate 10 and the first and second pole pieces of the auxiliary capacitor C2 are integrally formed, that is, they are disposed on the same layer and made of the same material, so that the two structures can be prepared by one-step process, which can reduce the process cost.
In the embodiment, the distances between the sub-electrodes 21 in the second electrode are the same, that is, the sub-electrodes 21 are arranged in the same manner, but the periodic arrangement of the sub-electrodes 21 is not limited thereto, and the sub-electrodes 21 may also be arranged according to a preset arrangement rule.
The axial direction of the sub-electrode 21 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the microstrip line 1, so as to ensure that there is a large enough overlapping area between the transmission unit 11 and the sub-electrode 21, and after the transmission unit 11 and the sub-electrode 21 are applied with a voltage, the generated electric field can deflect the liquid crystal molecules 31, change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 30, and implement phase shift of the microwave signal.
The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may be a peeling substrate with a thickness of 100-1000 microns, a sapphire substrate, a polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a thickness of 10-500 microns, a triallyl cyanurate substrate, and a polyimide transparent flexible substrate. Specifically, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 may use high-purity quartz glass having extremely low dielectric loss. Compared with a common glass substrate, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are made of quartz glass, so that the loss of microwaves can be effectively reduced, and the phase shifter has low power consumption and high signal-to-noise ratio.
The materials of the microstrip, the ground electrode 12, the sub-electrode 21, and the first and second pole pieces of the auxiliary capacitor C2 may be made of metals such as aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, or iron. Moreover, each transmission unit 11 in the microstrip line 1 may also be made of transparent conductive oxide.
Wherein, the liquid crystal molecule 31 in the liquid crystal layer 30 is a positive liquid crystal molecule 31 or a negative liquid crystal molecule 31, and it should be noted that, when the liquid crystal molecule 31 is the positive liquid crystal molecule 31, the included angle between the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecule 31 and the second electrode of the embodiment of the present invention is greater than 0 degree and less than or equal to 45 degrees. When liquid crystal molecule 31 is negative liquid crystal molecule 31, the utility model discloses specific embodiment contained angle between liquid crystal molecule 31 major axis direction and the second electrode is greater than 45 degrees and is less than 90 degrees, has guaranteed that liquid crystal molecule 31 takes place to deflect the back, changes the dielectric constant of liquid crystal layer 30 to reach the purpose of shifting the phase.
Example 5:
this embodiment provides a liquid crystal antenna including the liquid crystal phase shifter according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3. At least two patch units are further disposed on a side of the second substrate 20 away from the liquid crystal layer 30, wherein a gap between each two patch units and a gap between the electrode strips are correspondingly disposed. Thus, the microwave signal phase-adjusted by the phase shifter according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4 can be radiated from the gap between the patch elements.
Of course, a feeding interface is also included in the liquid crystal antenna for feeding the microwave signal in the cable to the microwave transmission structure, for example: on the microstrip line 1.
It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments that have been employed to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and that the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A phase shifter, comprising: the liquid crystal display panel comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged, and the liquid crystal layer is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate; the first substrate includes: the liquid crystal display panel comprises a first substrate and a first electrode, wherein the first electrode is positioned on one side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; the second substrate includes: the second substrate and a second electrode are positioned on one side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate; the phase shifter is characterized by further comprising an auxiliary capacitor connected with the first electrode.
2. The phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises: a microstrip line; the second electrode includes: a plurality of sub-electrodes arranged periodically; wherein the microstrip line and the orthographic projection of the sub-electrode on the first substrate are at least partially overlapped.
3. The phase shifter according to claim 2, wherein the microstrip line comprises: a plurality of transmission units which are periodically arranged are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the transmission unit; a slit is defined between any two adjacent transmission units;
a plurality of auxiliary electrodes corresponding to the positions of the slits are arranged on one side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate;
the orthographic projection of each auxiliary electrode on the first substrate covers the corresponding slit and the partial positions of two adjacent transmission units for limiting the slit; wherein,
each auxiliary electrode and the partial position of the transmission unit covered by the orthographic projection of the auxiliary electrode on the first substrate form the auxiliary capacitor.
4. The phase shifter according to claim 3, wherein the auxiliary electrode and the sub-electrode are disposed in the same layer and are made of the same material.
5. The phase shifter according to claim 2, wherein the first and second pole pieces of the auxiliary capacitance are both connected to the microstrip line.
6. The phase shifter according to claim 5, wherein the first and second pole pieces of each auxiliary capacitor are connected to the same side of the microstrip line.
7. The phase shifter according to claim 5, wherein one of the auxiliary capacitors is disposed in a region defined by orthographic projections of any two adjacent sub-electrodes on the first substrate.
8. The phase shifter according to claim 5, wherein the first and second pole pieces of the auxiliary capacitor and the microstrip line are integrally formed.
9. The phase shifter according to claim 2, wherein the microstrip line comprises: a body structure; the main body structure comprises: a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other in an axial direction thereof; the first side and the second side of the main body structure are connected with branch structures which are periodically arranged; the second electrode comprises a pair of sub-electrodes; each sub-electrode is overlapped with the orthographic projection part of the corresponding branch structure connected with the main body structure on the first substrate.
10. The phase shifter of claim 9, wherein the body structure comprises: a plurality of transmission units which are periodically arranged are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the main body structure; a slit is defined between any two adjacent transmission units; the transmission units are connected with branch structures;
a plurality of auxiliary electrodes corresponding to the positions of the slits are arranged on one side, close to the liquid crystal layer, of the second substrate;
the orthographic projection of each auxiliary electrode on the first substrate covers the corresponding slit and partial areas of two adjacent transmission units for limiting the slit; wherein,
each auxiliary electrode and a partial area of the transmission unit covered by the orthographic projection of the auxiliary electrode on the first substrate form the auxiliary capacitor.
11. The phase shifter according to claim 10, wherein the auxiliary electrode and the sub-electrode are disposed in the same layer and are made of the same material.
12. Phase shifter as in claim 1, characterized in that a ground electrode is provided on the side of the first substrate facing away from the liquid crystal layer.
13. A liquid crystal antenna comprising the phase shifter according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
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