CN208766900U

CN208766900U - Evangelista torricelli experimental provision

Info

Publication number: CN208766900U
Application number: CN201820660407.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李应亮; 董振邦
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-05-04
Filing date: 2018-05-04
Publication date: 2019-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2028-05-04

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of evangelista torricelli experimental provisions, including mercury tank, glass tube, graduated scale and bracket, glass tube upper and lower ends are open, in the lower mouth insertion mercury tank of glass tube, the suitable for reading of glass tube is set as funnel-form, setting is surrounded by the cotton of sulphur in funnel, and funnel is arranged with upper valve door；The air inlet pipe of lower valve is provided on the upside of mercury tank；The bracket includes the backboard and bottom plate being connected and fixed, and mercury tank is arranged on bottom plate, and glass tube is fixed on backboard；The upper and lower section of scale bottom plate is provided with graduated scale adjustment tank, graduated scale is movably fixed on scale bottom plate by upper and lower graduated scale adjustment tank, the top of scale bottom plate is provided with the verticality adjustment connector of arc, the side of bracket is arranged in scale bottom plate, and the upside of backboard is flexibly connected with verticality adjustment connector.Design is scientific and reasonable for the utility model, easy to operate, safe and practical, visual effect is strong, convenient to promote the use of in school.

Description

Evangelista torricelli experimental provision

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of experimental provisions, and in particular to a kind of evangelista torricelli experiment dress of junior physics experiment It sets.

Background technique

Evangelista torricelli tests the size for having measured atmospheric pressure for the first time in history, occupies in the developing history of physics Critical role has fully demonstrated exquisite Methods of Scinetific Thinking, be in junior physics experiment the most wisdom and classical experiment it One.Glass tube is filled mercury first by the experimental program in teaching material, teacher, is then blocked with finger and is filled the glass tube of mercury simultaneously It is fallen to be inserted in open mercury tank, then is observed and measured, have operating process simple, cheap excellent of instrument cost Point.But there are some difficult and defects in actual operation, it is difficult to be demonstrated, be mainly manifested on classroom:

(1) since mercury is toxic, mercury in open mercury tank directly it is exposed in air, mercury is easy at normal temperature Evaporation causes mercury pollution, and teacher directly contacts mercury, and damage can be brought to health.

(2) operation in mercury be not easy to fill glass tube, careless slightly mercury will splash to outside container, at the same it is filling when Between it is longer, influence classroom efficiency.

(3) to glass tube pour water silver when, air is difficult to drain, and will cause biggish measurement error.

(4) very intuitive comparative study demonstration pipe thickness whether measurement result cannot be will affect.

It is above it is many due to, the inconvenient on-the-spot demonstration in field research, most of teachers are to download from the Internet The experiment video or animation of the eighties in century sees that student lacks impression that is true, intuitive, rousing oneself to student, and experiment effect is beaten greatly Discount.

Utility model content

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to overcome defect described above, provide it is a kind of design is scientific and reasonable, The evangelista torricelli experimental provision easy to operate, safe and practical, visual effect is strong.

In order to solve the problems, such as techniques described above, evangelista torricelli experimental provision described in the utility model, including mercury tank, glass Glass pipe, graduated scale and bracket, the glass tube upper and lower ends are open, and the lower mouth of glass tube is inserted into the mercury tank, glass The suitable for reading of glass pipe is set as funnel-form, and setting is surrounded by the cotton of sulphur in funnel, and the funnel is arranged with upper valve door；Institute State the air inlet pipe that lower valve is provided on the upside of mercury tank；The bracket includes the backboard and bottom plate being connected and fixed, The mercury tank is arranged on the bottom plate, and the glass tube is fixed on the backboard；The upper and lower section of scale bottom plate is provided with Graduated scale adjustment tank, the graduated scale are movably fixed on the scale bottom plate by upper and lower graduated scale adjustment tank, the mark The top of ruler bottom plate is provided with the verticality adjustment connector of arc, and the side of the bracket, institute is arranged in the scale bottom plate The upside for stating backboard is flexibly connected with verticality adjustment connector.

Further, mercury tank described in the utility model is cylinder, on the backboard, mercury tank corresponding position setting There is pod aperture, the mercury tank is embedded at the pod aperture；The bottom of the bracket is connect by axis with table top, and the bracket can be left Right swing.

Further, glass tube described in the utility model includes long 1 meter of thick, thin two glass tubes, the diameter of raw glass pipe For 10mm, the diameter of thin glass tube is 5mm.

Further, the utility model setting rubber tube is connect with the air inlet pipe, and the rubber tube is segmented, including close Section pipe and distal section pipe, the lower valve are arranged on the proximal segment pipe；The distal section pipe side setting be surrounded by sulphur cotton, Separately it is connect with side with the proximal segment pipe movable sealing.

Preferably, the centre of verticality adjustment connector described in the utility model is provided with verticality adjustment tank, it is described Verticality adjustment connector is connect by the verticality adjustment tank and graduated scale adjustment tank bolt with the scale bottom plate solid It is fixed.

The utility model is had the advantages that the improvement of original evangelista torricelli experimental provision

(1) it gives glass tube filling mercury by the effective method for inflating pressurization of air inlet on the upside of mercury tank, avoids teaching material Three problems in scheme: hand directly contacts mercury；The unrestrained pollution environment of mercury；Inner air tube difficulty drains.

(2) mercury purification device is installed.The cotton that enclose sulphur is respectively provided at thick, thin two glass tubes and air inlet pipe, When mercury and sulphur contact, using the oxidisability of sulphur, it is mercuric sulphide by elemental mercury oxidation, avoids the pollution of mercuryvapour, phase It can be demonstrated in classroom when in mercury purification device, making to test.

(3) the different glass tube of installation thickness, whether the height convenient for observation mercury is related with the thickness of glass tube, directly It sees ground to show to student, experiment effect is good.

(4) bracket is designed according to purpose to be achieved is tested.Bracket and the bracket upside that can be swung and scale Verticality adjustment connector on bottom plate is flexibly connected, and glass tube can be made to tilt, be facilitated observation of students, recognize atmospheric pressure and mercury The relationship of pillar height degree deepens understanding.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model.

Specific embodiment

The utility model is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Evangelista torricelli experimental provision described in the utility model, including mercury tank 1, glass tube 2, graduated scale 3 and bracket 20, 2 upper and lower ends of glass tube are open, and the lower mouth of glass tube 2 is inserted into the mercury tank 1, and the suitable for reading of glass tube 2 is set as Funnel-form, setting is surrounded by the cotton of sulphur in funnel 4, and the funnel 4 is arranged with upper valve door 5；The mercury tank 1 it is upper Side is provided with the air inlet pipe 7 of lower valve 6；The bracket 20 includes the backboard 8 and bottom plate 9 being connected and fixed, the water Silver-colored tank 1 is arranged on the bottom plate 9, and the glass tube 2 is fixed on the backboard 8；The upper and lower section of scale bottom plate 10 is provided with Graduated scale adjustment tank 11, the graduated scale 3 are movably fixed to the scale bottom plate 10 by upper and lower graduated scale adjustment tank 11 On, the top of the scale bottom plate 10 is provided with the verticality adjustment connector 12 of arc, and the scale bottom plate 10 is arranged in institute The side of bracket 20 is stated, the upside of the backboard 8 is flexibly connected with verticality adjustment connector 12.

Further, mercury tank 1 described in the utility model is cylinder, on the backboard 8,1 corresponding position of mercury tank It is provided with pod aperture 13, the mercury tank 1 is embedded at the pod aperture 13；The bottom of the bracket 20 is connected by axis 14 and table top It connects, the bracket 20 can swing.

Further, glass tube 2 described in the utility model includes long 1 meter of thick, thin two glass tubes, raw glass pipe 16 it is straight Diameter is 10mm, and the diameter of thin glass tube 15 is 5mm.

Further, the utility model setting rubber tube 19 is connect with the air inlet pipe 7, and the rubber tube 19 is segmented, Including proximal segment pipe 17 and distal section pipe 18, the lower valve 6 is arranged on the proximal segment pipe 17；The side of the distal section pipe 18 is arranged It is surrounded by the cotton of sulphur, separately connect with side with 17 movable sealing of proximal segment pipe.

Preferably, the centre of verticality adjustment connector 12 described in the utility model is provided with verticality adjustment tank 21, The verticality adjustment connector 12 passes through the verticality adjustment tank 21 and the bolt of graduated scale adjustment tank 11 and the scale Bottom plate 10 is connected and fixed.

Embodiment: the mercury tank 1 is glass capsulation tank, is provided with mercury, mercury tank is fitted with two about 1m's long Glass tube 2, one thick one is thin, and diameter is respectively 10mm and 5mm, and upper port is set as funnel-form, and places in funnel 4 and be surrounded by sulphur The cotton (i.e. mercury purification device) of sulphur, installs valve 5 at upper port (funnel 4) 10cm；The upside of mercury tank 1 has one Air inlet pipe 4 for inflating, and can be communicated with atmosphere；For convenience, one segmented rubber tube 19 of setting is connect with air inlet pipe 4, closely Section rubber tube 17 is connect with air inlet pipe 4, and lower valve 5, the proximal end of distal section rubber tube 18 and proximal segment pipe 17 are installed on proximal segment pipe 17 Movable sealing connection, the distal end of distal section rubber tube 18 is connect with inflator 23 inflates, and when not inflating, the far distance port of distal section pipe 18 is plugged Funnel, and the cotton for being surrounded by sulphur is placed in funnel, have the function that mercury purifies；Closed mercury tank has very strong resistance to compression Ability, and with each pipe be it is integrated, ensure that good air-tightness.

Package unit is mounted on the bracket that can be freely rotated 20；Graduated scale 3 is adjusted by upper and lower graduated scale Slot 11 is fixed on scale bottom plate 10, and scale bottom plate 10 is mounted on the side of bracket 20, and the top of scale bottom plate 10 is provided with arc The verticality of shape adjusts connector 12, and the upside of set lagging 8 is flexibly connected with verticality adjustment connector 12 with bolt, Whether changing link position can be such that the glass tube being fixed on bracket tilts, become convenient for mercury pressure when research glass tube inclination Change.

Experimental implementation and teaching process:

(1) filling mercury.The upper valve 5 above thick, thin two glass tubes is opened, is given with inflator 23 by rubber tube 19 Closed mercury tank 1 inflates pressurization, when the mercury in two glass tubes rises and is more than upper valve about 5cm, valve in closing；At this time Two glass tubes have filled mercury.

(2) vacuum is obtained.Inflator 23 is pulled out, connects one at the collar extension (i.e. the far distance port of distal section pipe 18) of rubber tube 19 A funnel (mercury purification device) equipped with sulphur cotton slowly opens lower valve 6, at this time mercury face and atmosphere in mercury tank 1 It communicates, observes that mercury declines, will no longer decline when dropping to certain altitude, form vacuum above glass tube.

(3) mercury pressure is measured.Liquid level and glass in mercury tank 1 are accurately measured by the pointer 22 of about 3 graduated scale Vertical difference in height between glass intraluminal fluid face.

(4) atmospheric pressure size is calculated.Mercury pressure is substituted into liquid pressure formula, student calculates the value of atmospheric pressure.

(5) whether observation mercury pressure changes.It can or can not when observing different glass tube thickness, pipe tilt angle difference Influence measurement result.The pipe of two different thicknesses on bracket can be freely rotated, and can be demonstrated at a glance Understanding of the student to atmospheric pressure is deepened in raw observation.

The utility model not only avoids direct body contact's mercury, Er Qierang with the method for filling mercury of pressurizeing is inflated Student sees that mercury rising is that air pressure increase forces up mercury in mercury tank.When upper valve is closed, lower valve is opened, water Silver-colored tank is communicated with atmosphere, and mercury decline is the reason that air pressure reduces in tank；Decline certain altitude no longer declines, and is by certain certainly Kind strength is held, and here it is atmospheric pressure.In the case where being vacuum above mercury in glass tube, atmospheric pressure is equal in tank And in pipe between mercury face vertical height mercury pressure.Therefore, by measuring the height of mercury, in conjunction with liquid pressure public affairs Formula just can know that the size of atmospheric pressure.This is the exquisite place of evangelista torricelli experiment method of thinking, actually physics Transformation approach in method, it is exactly this point that student is most indigestible.

It is identical that the utility model can observe mercury pressure in the different glass tube of thickness, while can easily demonstrating glass The height of mercury is constant when pipe tilts, and is conducive to deepen the understanding to atmospheric pressure, forms correct physics idea.Pass through teaching Practice, experiment effect is significant, easy to operate, safety and environmental protection, has certain promotional value.

The above is only some embodiments of the utility model, as long as having used structure described above, should all fall into this reality With novel protection scope.

Claims

1. a kind of evangelista torricelli experimental provision, including mercury tank (1), glass tube (2), graduated scale (3) and bracket (20), special Sign is that glass tube (2) upper and lower ends are open, and the lower mouth of glass tube (2) is inserted into the mercury tank (1), glass tube (2) suitable for reading is set as funnel-form, and setting is surrounded by the cotton of sulphur in funnel (4), and the funnel (4) is arranged with upper valve Door (5)；The air inlet pipe (7) of lower valve (6) is provided on the upside of the mercury tank (1)；The bracket (20) includes that connection is solid It is scheduled on backboard (8) and bottom plate (9) together, the mercury tank (1) is arranged on the bottom plate (9), and the glass tube (2) is fixed On the backboard (8)；The upper and lower section of scale bottom plate (10) is provided with graduated scale adjustment tank (11), and the graduated scale (3) is logical It crosses upper and lower graduated scale adjustment tank (11) to be movably fixed on the scale bottom plate (10), the top of the scale bottom plate (10) is set It is equipped with verticality adjustment connector (12) of arc, the scale bottom plate (10) setting is described in the side of the bracket (20) The upside of backboard (8) is flexibly connected with verticality adjustment connector (12).

2. evangelista torricelli experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mercury tank (1) is cylinder, described On backboard (8), the mercury tank (1) corresponding position be provided with pod aperture (13), the mercury tank (1) is embedded in the pod aperture (13) Place；The bottom of the bracket (20) is connect by axis (14) with table top, and the bracket (20) can swing.

3. evangelista torricelli experimental provision according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the glass tube (2) includes 1 meter long Thick, thin two glass tubes, the diameter of raw glass pipe (16) is 10mm, and the diameter of thin glass tube (15) is 5mm.

4. evangelista torricelli experimental provision according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that setting rubber tube (19) and it is described into Tracheae (7) connection, the rubber tube (19) are segmented, including proximal segment pipe (17) and distal section pipe (18), the lower valve (6) set It sets on the proximal segment pipe (17)；The distal section pipe (18) side setting be surrounded by sulphur cotton, separately with side and the proximal segment Manage the connection of (17) movable sealing.

5. evangelista torricelli experimental provision according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that the verticality adjusts connector (12) centre is provided with verticality adjustment tank (21), and verticality adjustment connector (12) passes through the verticality adjustment tank (21) it is connected and fixed with graduated scale adjustment tank (11) with bolt and the scale bottom plate (10).