CN208736224U - A kind of static state high-temperature fused salt tank - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of static state high-temperature fused salt tanks comprising: tank body, the closed container being made of stainless steel-nickel composite material, for holding fused salt, the nickel layer in the stainless steel-nickel composite material is as inner tank wall；Heating unit is used for the intracorporal fused salt of heating tank；Heat exchanger, for the nickel metal tube for being inserted into tank interior by top of the tank, filled with gaseous state heat transferring medium in nickel metal tube；Thermal cycle unit is connect with the heat exchanger, for controlling the flowing of gaseous state heat transferring medium to realize thermal cycle；The thermal cycle unit includes hot wind output channel, cold wind reflux line and the blower connecting with cold wind reflux line；Control unit for being monitored to cold wind temperature in hot blast temperature in temperature of molten salt, hot wind output channel, cold wind reflux line, and controls heating unit and blower according to monitored results.The utility model integrates energy storage, heat exchange, heating function, and security reliability is higher, and cost of implementation is less expensive.

Description

A kind of static state high-temperature fused salt tank

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of static state high-temperature fused salt tanks, belong to energy storage, heat-storage technology field.

Background technique

Fused salt is the biography of the good high temperature of a kind of low cost, long-life, heat transfer thermal storage performance, high heat-flux and ow operating pressure Hot heat-storage medium.Using fused salt as photo-thermal power generation, energy storage technology, the heat transfer of nuclear reactor and heat accumulation working medium, it is remarkably improved Power generation, the thermal efficiency of energy-storage system, system reliability and economy.

Photo-thermal power generation (CSP) is used as another effective solar power generation form of photovoltaic power generation, has become energy in recent years The new lover of source circle.On September 14th, 2016, " National Energy Board is about construction solar heat hair for China national Bureau of Energy website orientation Give instructions by telegraph typical term purpose notice ", determine first solar energy thermal-power-generating demonstrative project totally 20, wherein the project of fused salt working medium accounts for one Half.Equipment running temperature can be improved using fused salt working medium, it is extremely important for improving CSP generating efficiency.German energy storage association (BVES) one group of current research data (table 1) display issued, when storing the energy of 1kWhel and 1kWhth respectively, lithium-ion electric Pond storage cost is about 33 times of fused salt heat accumulation cost.Its cost advantage has pushed the development of molten salt energy-storage.

Table 1

On the other hand, for the energy that the northern area of China heating at present uses based on fire coal, coal heating area is about total The 83% of heating area, natural gas, electricity, geothermal energy, biomass energy, solar energy, industrial exhaust heat etc. are total to account for about 17%, cleans energy Source heating area accounting is lower, lacks that overall planning and management, clean energy resource supply is there are short slab and cost is generally higher, business Model innovation deficiency is the key that restrict cleaning heating to promote.

On December 20th, 2017, ten ministries and commissions such as National Development and Reform Committee, National Energy Board, Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection, which combine, prints and distributes " northern area Winter cleaning heating planning (2017-2021) ", to the northern area of China adaptation to local conditions advance to perfect order geothermal heating system, biomass Heating, solar heating, industrial exhaust heat heating overall plan make specific arrangement." planning " proposed, to northern area in 2019 Cleaning heating rate reaches 50%, and by 2021, cleaning heating rate reached 70%, substitutes to dissipate and burns 1.5 hundred million tons of coal, rural area cleaning Heating rate reaches 60% or more.Strive with 5 years or so time, the basic scattered coal heating cleaning for realizing the serious UrbaniZed Area of haze Change, forms open access, poly-elements management, service level higher cleaning heating market.Solar heating is hardly by region Limitation, most have a clean energy resource heating system of extensive universal possibility, but its disadvantage it is also obvious that the unglazed period it is just incompetent Amount output, it is therefore necessary to arrange in pairs or groups energy storage device to meet heat supply in 24 hours.It can be improved under the premise of normal pressure using fused salt working medium Heat accumulation temperature, and then improve hot storage efficiency.

However use fused salt as heat-exchange working medium, certainly exist following problems:

(1) Gao Chengben relates to the research and development and manufacture that salt moves equipment.It mainly includes pump for liquid salts, fused salt valve that high-temperature molten salt, which moves equipment, Deng.There is the problems such as structure is complicated, material expensive, design difficulty height, fluctuation of service, low service life in these dynamic equipment itself.This Undoubtedly increase the operation difficulty of whole system.

(2) equipment and fused salt leakage and frozen block in pipeline operational process.Fused salt is solid-state under room temperature state, therefore is worked as Equipment and pipeline are very easy to lead to local frozen block due to the generation of extreme weather and local cold spot, and frozen block itself is not dangerous, It is a risk that because frozen block will lead to whole system stagnation, or even the equipment that damage is expensive.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the shortage of prior art, provide a kind of collection energy storage, heat exchange, The static state high-temperature fused salt tank being integrated is heated, and security reliability is higher, cost of implementation is less expensive.

The utility model specifically uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem:

A kind of static state high-temperature fused salt tank, comprising:

Tank body, the closed container being made of stainless steel-nickel composite material, for holding fused salt, the stainless steel- Nickel layer in nickel composite material is as inner tank wall；

Heating unit is used for the intracorporal fused salt of heating tank；

Heat exchanger is the nickel metal tube for being inserted into tank interior by top of the tank, exchanges heat and be situated between filled with gaseous state in nickel metal tube Matter；

Thermal cycle unit is connect with the heat exchanger, for controlling the flowing of gaseous state heat transferring medium to realize thermal cycle；It should Thermal cycle unit includes hot wind output channel, cold wind reflux line and the blower connecting with cold wind reflux line；

Control unit, for cold wind temperature in hot blast temperature in temperature of molten salt, hot wind output channel, cold wind reflux line It is monitored, and heating unit and blower is controlled according to monitored results.

Preferably, the room temperature shear strength of the stainless steel-nickel composite material is 250MPa~350MPa, interface cohesion Rate is not less than 99%.

It is further preferred that stainless steel-the nickel composite material is 304 series stainless steel-Ni composite materials, 347 series Stainless steel-Ni composite material or 316 series stainless steel-Ni composite materials, and the carbon content of the stainless steel 0.04~ In 1.00% range.

Preferably, the heating unit is the electromagnetic heater for being set to tank base.

Preferably, the nickel metal is Ni200 or Ni201.

Preferably, the gaseous state heat transferring medium includes at least one of following gas: air, nitrogen, helium, titanium dioxide Carbon.

Preferably, the tank body is process using following technique:

(1) tank body upper cover, tank body lower head, cylinder are prepared；The tank body upper cover, tank body lower head use presser Skill preparation, cylinder use roll+prepared by welding procedure, and to after the completion of punching press tank body upper cover and tank body lower head with And the cylinder for rolling after the completion of welding carries out time solution heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature of the secondary solution heat treatment is 1000~ 1035 DEG C, it is not more than 100 DEG C/h, the soaking time root of secondary solution heat treatment in 400 DEG C or more of heating rates and rate of temperature fall It calculates and determines according to the unit thickness soaking time of 1.2-1.8min/mm according to material maximum gauge, but soaking time is not less than 30min；

(2) tank body upper cover, tank body lower head are respectively welded in the top and bottom end of cylinder, and laggard in welding completion Row destressing and size stabilization heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature of the heat treatment is 660~750 DEG C, in 400 DEG C or more of liter Warm rate and rate of temperature fall are not more than 100 DEG C/h, and the soaking time of heat treatment is according to material maximum gauge according to 2.5-3.0min/ The unit thickness soaking time of mm, which calculates, to be determined, but soaking time is not less than 20min.

Preferably, the heat exchanger is process using following technique: being required size and shape by nickel bending metal pipe Then shape carries out solution heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature of the solution heat treatment is 700~1040 DEG C, in 400 DEG C or more of liter Warm rate is not more than 100 DEG C/h, and the soaking time of heat treatment is thick according to the unit of 0.8-1.0min/mm according to material maximum gauge It spends soaking time and calculates determination, but soaking time is not less than 10min, natural cooling cooling.

Compared with prior art, technical solutions of the utility model have the advantages that

The utility model is using static fused salt mentality of designing, and high-temperature molten salt is accommodated by fused salt tank body, in whole work process Fused salt is not required to outflow fused salt tank, thus whole device is simple and reasonable, no frozen block, No leakage risk, greatly improves The safety of fused salt heat utilization system.

Dynamic equipment under fused salt environment, such as pump for liquid salts, fused salt valve etc. is greatly reduced in the utility model, exempts these and sets It is standby, system cost can be largely reduced, the economy of system is improved while improving system security reliability.

The utility model is directed to the characteristic of high-temperature molten salt, targetedly selects material used in static state high-temperature fused salt tank Material, balances the relationship between security reliability and economy well, and is further improved by the preparation process optimized Security reliability reduces production cost.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the principle schematic diagram of one preferred embodiment of the utility model static state high-temperature fused salt tank；Include in figure: Electromagnetic heater 1, tank body 2, fused salt 3, computer 4, frequency conversion fan 5, temperature sensor 6, hot wind output channel 7, cold wind reflux Pipeline 8, fused salt inject tap 9, heat exchanger 10, pedestal 11；

Fig. 2 is the control flow schematic diagram of computer.

Specific embodiment

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the utility model, using static fused salt mentality of designing, high-temperature molten salt is held by fused salt tank body It receives, fused salt is not required to outflow fused salt tank in whole work process；It is designed using single tank, does not need to be equipped with cold tank；And it is directed to high temperature melting The characteristic of salt targetedly selects material used in static state high-temperature fused salt tank, with balancing safety reliability and economy it Between relationship.

Specifically, the static state high-temperature fused salt tank of the utility model, comprising:

Tank body, the closed container being made of stainless steel-nickel composite material, for holding fused salt, the stainless steel- Nickel layer in nickel composite material is as inner tank wall；

Heating unit is used for the intracorporal fused salt of heating tank；

Heat exchanger is the nickel metal tube for being inserted into tank interior by top of the tank, exchanges heat and be situated between filled with gaseous state in nickel metal tube Matter；

Thermal cycle unit is connect with the heat exchanger, for controlling the flowing of gaseous state heat transferring medium to realize thermal cycle；It should Thermal cycle unit includes hot wind output channel, cold wind reflux line and the blower connecting with cold wind reflux line；

Control unit, for cold wind temperature in hot blast temperature in temperature of molten salt, hot wind output channel, cold wind reflux line It is monitored, and heating unit and blower is controlled according to monitored results.

Direct carrier of the tank body as high-temperature molten salt must have excellent resist to meet security reliability High-temperature molten salt corrosion characteristic, but if resistance to using high temperature resistants such as Hastlloy N, Hastelloy C22, Hastelloy C276 Fused salt corrosion alloy, then have that material cost is high again and preparation process is complicated.In order to solve this problem, this is practical Novel proposition is using stainless steel-nickel composite material as tank body material, and nickel layer therein is as the tank for directly contacting high-temperature molten salt Internal wall.Its advantage is embodied in following aspect:

1, stainless steel as pointed out in heat resistant structure materials A SME standard its highest can be used in 825 DEG C, using stainless steel It can satisfy the requirement of fused salt tank applied at elevated temperature as structure-bearing material.

2, pure iron metal has natural high temperature resistant molten salt corrosive power, hardly corrodes under fused salt environment, therefore adopt It uses pure nickel as plied timber, the corrosion phenomenon for the solution high-temperature molten salt that can be convenient is contacted with high-temperature molten salt.

3, stainless steel material as common heat-resisting alloy its price only have Hastlloy N, Hastelloy C22, The 1/25 to 1/10 of Hastelloy C276 alloy.Using stainless steel-nickel composite material can be greatly reduced the material of tank body at This.

Preferably, the room temperature shear strength of the stainless steel-nickel composite material is 250MPa~350MPa, interface cohesion Rate is not less than 99%.It is further preferred that stainless steel-the nickel composite material be 304 series stainless steel-Ni composite materials, 347 series stainless steel-Ni composite materials or 316 series stainless steel-Ni composite materials, and the carbon content of the stainless steel is 0.04 In~1.00% range.

The heating unit can be considered using heating methods such as electric heating, gas heatings from heating efficiency angle, described Heating unit is preferably using the electromagnetic heater for being set to tank base.Tank body itself is set to generate sense by way of electromagnetic induction It should be vortexed, and then heat internal fused salt.This non-contact heating method has structure simple, and safety coefficient is high, no fused salt corrosion, The advantages that long service life, the thermal efficiency can be greater than 95%.

The heat exchanger of the utility model is the tubular design of bareing, directly by the tank of heat exchanger insertion fused salt tank when use In vivo, it is allowed to immerse in high-temperature molten salt, passes through the gaseous states heat transferring mediums such as air, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide in heat exchanger tube Heat exchange and export heat are realized in flowing.In order to improve security reliability, extend service life of equipment, the heat exchanger is using tool There is the nickel metal tube of excellent high-temperature resistance molten salt corrosion performance, it is preferred to use Ni200 or Ni201.The heat exchanger can be according to reality It needs using shapes such as U-shaped, W type, screw types.

Stainless steel-nickel composite material and nickel metal is respectively adopted as directly contacting with high-temperature molten salt in the utility model The material of tank body and heat exchanger.Although both theoretically having excellent high-temperature resistance molten salt corrosion performance, actually adding Work process may produce its interface shear strength, high-temperature resistance molten salt corrosion performance, high-temperature thermodynamics performance, dimensional stability etc. Raw larger adverse effect, it is therefore necessary to further its preparation process be optimized, influenced, improved with eliminating as much as processing Material properties.For this purpose, the utility model is further that tank body and heat exchanger propose the processing technology of optimization respectively, specifically It is as follows:

The tank body is process using following technique:

(1) tank body upper cover, tank body lower head, cylinder are prepared；The tank body upper cover, tank body lower head use presser Skill (cold stamping or drop stamping) preparation, the cylinder use roll+welding procedure preparation, and to the tank after the completion of punching press Body upper cover and tank body lower head and the cylinder rolled after the completion of welding carry out time solution heat treatment, the secondary solution heat treatment Heat treatment temperature be 1000~1035 DEG C, be not more than 100 DEG C/h in 400 DEG C or more of heating rates and rate of temperature fall, it is secondary solid The soaking time of molten heat treatment calculates according to material maximum gauge according to the unit thickness soaking time of 1.2-1.8min/mm true It is fixed, but soaking time is not less than 30min；

Secondary heat treatment process is because its heat treatment temperature is stainless lower than routine why it is referred to as secondary heat treatment process Steel heat treatment temperature.Its object is to improve the boundary strength of composite material while adjusting grain size, guarantee the peace of tank body Quan Xing.Why heat treatment temperature cannot be below 1000 DEG C also in that guarantee that interface with certain elongation percentage, prevents boundary Face becomes fragile and tank body is caused to fail.Soaking time is calculated according to 1.2-1.8min/mm, and the time is longer than conventional 0.8min/mm, this It is to use necessary extension heat treatment time to compensate the lower unfavorable effect of heat treatment temperature.

The solution heat treatment temperature of conventional stainless steel is not less than 1050 DEG C, this patent 990,1000,1020,1035, 1040, carried out different heat treatment experiments for 1060 DEG C, discovery interface shear strength is followed successively by 360,350,300,250, 240,220MPa, discovery heat treatment temperature only just can guarantee that shear strength is located at 250-350MPa between 1000~1035 DEG C Between.

400 DEG C or more heating and cooling velocity are not more than 100 DEG C/h, are prevented in temperature change dramatically due to two kinds of materials Thermal expansion coefficient difference cause material to tear.Through having carried out a large amount of test to stainless steel-nickel composite material, heating has been obtained Relationship between cooling rate and tearing probability, see the table below 2.

Table 2

(2) tank body upper cover, tank body lower head are respectively welded in the top and bottom end of cylinder, and laggard in welding completion Row destressing and size stabilization heat treatment, the heat treatment temperature of the heat treatment is 660~750 DEG C, in 400 DEG C or more of liter Warm rate and rate of temperature fall are not more than 100 DEG C/h, and the soaking time of heat treatment is according to material maximum gauge according to 2.5-3.0min/ The unit thickness soaking time of mm, which calculates, to be determined, but soaking time is not less than 20min.It is heated and the control principle of cooling velocity With the secondary solution heat treatment of tank body.

For not needing generally to be heat-treated after common stainless steel welding, if must be heat-treated also needs to avoid 450 DEG C~850 DEG C of sensitization section, but following 4 reasons are based on, destressing and size stabilization are heat-treated temperature by the utility model Degree selection is at 660~750 DEG C, and (1) described stainless steel carbon content is located at 0.04-1.00%, and non-low carbon stainless steel, itself is not carried on a shoulder pole Its sensitization of the heart；(2) due to the isolation of pure iron metal, stainless steel needn't be worried caused by fused salt not in contact with internal fused salt Intercrystalline corrosion phenomenon；(3) stainless steel that carbon content is located at 0.04-1.00% has excellent high-temperature behavior, can greatly improve Its operating temperature reaches as high as 825 DEG C.(4) 660~750 DEG C can take into account stainless steel, Ni, the destressing at the two interface and ruler Very little stabilisation.

Tank body maximum operation (service) temperature through above-mentioned process can reach 825 DEG C, while room temperature shear strength can reach 250MPa~350MPa.

The heat exchanger is process using following technique: being required size and shape by nickel bending metal pipe, then Solution heat treatment is carried out, the heat treatment temperature of the solution heat treatment is 700~1040 DEG C, to guarantee dimensional stability, heating Speed is not more than 100 DEG C/h at 400 DEG C or more, and the soaking time of heat treatment is according to material maximum gauge according to 0.8-1.0min/ The unit thickness soaking time of mm, which calculates, to be determined, but soaking time is not less than 10min, and cooling rate can not control, naturally cold But.

Fig. 1 shows one preferred embodiment of the utility model static state high-temperature fused salt tank.

Wherein, 1 is electromagnetic heater, and being based on electromagnetic induction in heating process makes tank body 2 itself generate induced current, in turn Internal fused salt is heated, electromagnetic heater need to be fitted closely with fused salt tank, to ensure that the electromagnetic heater thermal efficiency is greater than 95%.

2 be tank body, using 304 series stainless steel-Ni composite materials, 347 series stainless steel-Ni composite materials or 316 systems Column stainless steel-Ni composite material, and the carbon content of the stainless steel, in 0.04~1.00% range, specific preparation process uses Above optimization technique, maximum operation (service) temperature can reach 825 DEG C.

3 be fused salt, can be using polybasic salts such as carbonate, chloride, nitrate, fluorides, specifically can be according to fusing point height Low demand selects different types of salt.

4 be computer, passes through heat in receiving multiple temperature sensors 6 temperature of molten salt collected, hot wind output channel Cold wind temperature in air temperature, cold wind reflux line, by comparing calculating with target temperature value, and then to 5 He of frequency conversion fan Electromagnetic heater 1 is controlled, so that output temperature reaches target temperature value.A kind of control used by Fig. 2 shows it is patrolled Volume.

5 be frequency conversion fan, and the control instruction adjustment switch state and running frequency exported according to computer 4 passes through wind The air output of machine adjusts to adjust the temperature of the output power of fused salt tank and output hot wind.

6 be temperature sensor, its role is to obtain the temperature in real-time fused salt 3, hot air duct 7 and cold air duct 8, It is input in computer control module 4.

7 be hot wind output channel, is connect with heating equipment (such as steam generator, chemical reaction kettle, heating water tank), It is the carrier of quantity of heat given up medium；

8 be cold wind reflux line, fused salt tank is flowed back by this pipeline cold wind, into heat exchanger 10.

9 inject tap for fused salt, and salt dissolving equipment is docked when fused salt injects, and inject fused salt by it；When equipment fault needs When fused salt is discharged, fused salt is discharged in interim storage salt cellar by its duct.

10 be heat exchanger, and heat exchanger tube is bareing, is soaked in fused salt, to increase heat exchange area.Heat exchanger tube can be U Shape, spiral shape or other heat exchange form of tubes for being easy to exchange heat.It is cycle heat exchange gas inside heat exchanger tube.The exchange capability of heat of heat exchanger Cover exchange capability of heat required by heat demand.

11 be pedestal, the main self weight for carrying fused salt tank and associated satellite equipment.

A kind of course of work of above-mentioned static state high-temperature fused salt tank is specific as follows:

The low price electric energy such as light part electric energy, wind power plant abandonment part electric energy are abandoned using trough electric energy, photovoltaic power plant, using electricity Magnetic heater 1 heats fused salt tank, and fused salt is made to reach higher operating temperature, achievees the purpose that fused salt sensible heat energy storage.By In energy input be electric energy, so energy harvesting relatively convenient, when special circumstances low-price electricity can meet demand when, Ke Yifang Accomplishing just takes electricity from power grid.When heating work state, 2 internal temperature of tank body is gradually risen, after reaching storage energy requirements value, Stop heating.

When having thermal demand, frequency conversion fan 5 starts, the temperature in fused salt 3, hot wind output channel 7 and cold wind reflux line 8 Value input, computer 4 obtain the air output needed by thermal technology's hydraulic calculation.When temperature reaches target in hot wind output channel 7 After temperature, blower enters steady operational status.Frequency conversion fan 5 extracts cold air by cold wind reflux line 8, inflow heat exchanger, Cold air recycles in the heat exchanger tube in heat exchanger, is heated to specified temperature.Cold air enters hot wind after being heated and exports Pipeline, and then enter the heat utilizations equipment such as steam generator, chemical reaction kettle, heating water tank.After heat utilization, cold wind enters Cold wind reflux line.Since heat output process can be with the reduction of temperature of molten salt in fused salt tank.Therefore the every 5min of computer into Logical operation of row, and adjust the running frequency of frequency conversion fan 5.

Dynamic equipment in entire operation process only has blower, and the blower is on cold wind reflux line, therefore entirely System moves equipment without high temperature, and there are no high-temperature molten salts to move equipment, therefore this system has intrinsic safety, and invests more conventional fused salt tank It is much lower.

The utility model has accomplished that integrated, modularization is set while completely solving the problems of prior art Meter greatly saves device fabrication and design cost.The utility model is expected to apply in molten salt energy-storage, solar thermal utilization, storage It is very wide that heat type cleans numerous areas, the application prospects such as heating field, steam power plant's transformation.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of static state high-temperature fused salt tank characterized by comprising

Tank body, the closed container being made of stainless steel-nickel composite material, for holding fused salt, the stainless steel-nickel is multiple Nickel layer in condensation material is as inner tank wall；

Heating unit is used for the intracorporal fused salt of heating tank；

Heat exchanger, for the nickel metal tube for being inserted into tank interior by top of the tank, filled with gaseous state heat transferring medium in nickel metal tube；

Thermal cycle unit is connect with the heat exchanger, for controlling the flowing of gaseous state heat transferring medium to realize thermal cycle；The heat is followed Ring element includes hot wind output channel, cold wind reflux line and the blower connecting with cold wind reflux line；

Control unit, for being carried out to cold wind temperature in hot blast temperature in temperature of molten salt, hot wind output channel, cold wind reflux line Monitoring, and heating unit and blower are controlled according to monitored results.

2. static state high-temperature fused salt tank as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the room temperature of the stainless steel-nickel composite material is cut Shearing stress is the MPa of 250MPa~350, and Surface bond rate is not less than 99%.

3. static state high-temperature fused salt tank as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the stainless steel-nickel composite material is 304 systems Column stainless steel-Ni composite material, 347 series stainless steel-Ni composite materials or 316 series stainless steel-Ni composite materials, and it is described The carbon content of stainless steel is in 0.04~1.00% range.

4. static state high-temperature fused salt tank as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the heating unit is to be set to tank base Electromagnetic heater.

5. static state high-temperature fused salt tank as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the nickel metal is Ni200 or Ni201.

6. static state high-temperature fused salt tank as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the gaseous state heat transferring medium includes in following gas At least one: air, nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide.