A kind of low-noise charge amplifier for piezoelectric transducer
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of for the low of piezoelectric transducer the utility model relates to charge-voltage signal condition field
Noise charge amplifier.
Background technique
Power, displacement, acceleration etc. can be inputted physical quantity and be transformed into quantity of electric charge output by piezo-electric crystal, by this characteristic institute
The piezoeletric quartz sensor of design has a wide range of applications, such as measurement acceleration, vibration, object deformation, pressure etc..
It, can be equivalent at a faint charge with high output impedance by its according to the working principle of piezoelectric transducer
Source.How to acquire amplification piezoeletric quartz sensor generate faint charge signal be presently, there are the technical issues of.
The patent document of Patent No. CN1770627A discloses self-adaptive offset variable gain low-noise amplifier
Low noise amplifier output signal is converted into direct current signal by charge pump charging network by automatic feedback control method, this method,
The gain of the feedback control low-noise amplifier first order and the bias current of the first order.But it is a kind of " voltage " amplifier,
Input impedance is lower, can not the high internal resistance signal effectively to piezoelectric transducer amplify, therefore cannot achieve " charge " and put
The function of big device.
The patent document of Patent No. CN104270108A discloses a kind of charge amplifier comprising charge turns voltage-mode
Block, adjustable voltage amplification module, adjustable lowpass filter module, AD conversion module and simulation output interface module, adjustable electric press
Big module turns voltage module with charge and connect, and adjustable lowpass filter module is connect with adjustable voltage amplification module, AD conversion module
It is connect respectively with adjustable lowpass filter module with simulation output interface module.The technical solution has the following deficiencies:
(1), charge amplifier design core is to constitute integrated operational amplifier using feedback capacity and feedback resistance parallel connection
Negative feedback network, amplifier lower-cut-off frequency depend on feedback resistance and feedback capacity product, to realize smaller
Low-frequency cut-off frequency needs big feedback capacity or feedback resistance;But feedback capacity increase can reduce the spirit of charge amplifier
Sensitivity, and the increase of feedback resistance will increase circuit noise, lead to null offset, increase production cost;
(2), low-pass filtering module uses first-order low-pass wave scheme, and intermediate zone is wider, stopband attenuation is smaller;
(3), the technical solution does not consider to inhibit 50Hz Hz noise, and 50Hz Hz noise easily passes through capacitive coupling
It closes to amplifier and injects significant electric current, this can greatly reduce signal-to-noise ratio.
Summary of the invention
The technical assignment of the utility model is to provide a kind of low-noise charge amplifier for piezoelectric transducer, to solve
The problem of how acquiring the faint charge signal that amplification piezoeletric quartz sensor generates.
The technical assignment of the utility model realizes in the following manner, a kind of low-noise charge for piezoelectric transducer
Amplifier, the amplifier include casing, and charge is provided in casing to voltage transformation module (Q/V conversion module), voltage signal
Conditioning module, low-pass filtering module, output buffer module and internal low noise power supply conditioning module, charge to voltage transformation module
Output end connect with voltage signal conditioning module, the output end of voltage signal conditioning module is connect with low-pass filtering module, low
The output of pass filtering module is sent to output port by output buffer module;
Internal low noise power supply conditioning module is separately connected charge to voltage transformation module, voltage signal conditioning module, low
Pass filtering module and output buffer module are powered for it.
Preferably, the charge includes operational amplifier U1A, operational amplifier U1B, feeds back to voltage transformation module
Capacitor Cf, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, capacitor C1 and capacitor C2;
Wherein, operational amplifier U1A and feedback capacity Cf composition charge turns voltage core circuit;Operational amplifier U1B, electricity
It hinders R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, capacitor C1 and capacitor C2 and constitutes active T-type feedback network, it can downward expansion low-frequency
Cutoff frequency and balanced null point drift.
Preferably, the voltage signal conditioning module include operational amplifier U1C, operational amplifier U1D, resistance R6,
Resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R9, potentiometer R10, resistance R11, resistance R12 and potentiometer R13;
Wherein, operational amplifier U1C, resistance R6, resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R9 and potentiometer R10 form the first order
Voltage amplifier circuit;Operational amplifier U1D, resistance R11, resistance R12 and potentiometer R13 form second level voltage amplifier circuit,
Highest can realize the voltage gain of 126dB.
Preferably, the low-pass filtering module includes operational amplifier U2A, operational amplifier U2B, operational amplifier
U2C, resistance R14, resistance R15, resistance R16, resistance R17, resistance R18, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6 and electricity
Hold C7;Wherein, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6 and capacitor C7 form five rank Butterworth filters, and realization is compared
Precipitous frequency domain characteristic.
Preferably, the output buffer module includes operational amplifier U2D, resistance R19 and resistance R20, can be promoted
It exports current capacity, reduce output resistance.
Preferably, the internal low noise power supply conditioning module is turned by first order pressure stabilizing conversion module and second level pressure stabilizing
Block composition is changed the mold, first order pressure stabilizing conversion module generates positive voltage and negative voltage, the second level by high-frequency DC-DC switching regulator IC
Pressure stabilizing conversion module generates low noise positive voltage and negative voltage by linear regulator chip.
More preferably, the internal low noise power supply conditioning module is connected with external power adapter, external power adapter
Using unipolarity DC power supply, avoids introducing 50Hz electromagnetic interference inside screening housing, 50Hz Hz noise is effectively reduced, changes
Kind signal-to-noise ratio.
Preferably, being provided with charge amplifier signal output interface and charge amplifier on the side side of the casing
Signal input interface is provided with external power adapter input socket, internal low noise acoustic-electric on the opposite other side side of casing
The linear voltage stabilization negative supply output VEE indicator light mounting hole of source conditioning module is linear steady with internal low noise power supply conditioning module
Positive pressure power supply exports VCC indicator light mounting hole.
More preferably, the casing uses metal chassis, and metal chassis realizes external electromagnetic shielding, preferably aluminium alloy casing.
The low-noise charge amplifier for piezoelectric transducer of the utility model has following excellent compared with prior art
Point:
(1), the utility model is used by operational amplifier U1B, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, capacitor C1
Constitute active T-type feedback network with capacitor C2, significantly reduce charge to feedback resistance needed for voltage transformation module resistance value, from
And the Resistance Thermal Noise of charge circuit into voltage transformation module is reduced, and can inhibit by active T-type feedback network
Voltage output null offset, while can use lesser feedback resistance and realizing lower lower-cut-off frequency;
(2), low-pass filtering module, which is used, forms five ranks by capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6 and capacitor C7
Butterworth filter realizes the frequency domain characteristic of steeper;High-grade filting scheme is used simultaneously, and relatively narrow transition may be implemented
Band and bigger stopband attenuation;
(3), significant using DC-DC switch voltage-stabilizing and the conditioning of linear voltage stabilization two-stage in internal low noise power supply conditioning module
Power supply noise is reduced, 50Hz Hz noise is effectively reduced, improves signal-to-noise ratio;
(4), the utility model not only alleviates the weight of charge amplifier, reduces the volume of charge amplifier, and
The cost of charge amplifier is reduced, while acquiring and being exaggerated the faint charge signal of piezoeletric quartz sensor generation.
Therefore the utility model has the characteristics that design is reasonable, structure is simple, small in size, easy to use, multi-purpose content, because
And it has good value for applications.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Attached drawing 1 is the low-noise charge amplifier architecture block diagram for piezoelectric transducer;
Attached drawing 2 is the AC signal analysis graph of the utility model;
Attached drawing 3 is circuit diagram of the charge to voltage transformation module;
Attached drawing 4 is the circuit diagram of voltage signal conditioning module;
Attached drawing 5 is between the first order voltage amplifier circuit and potentiometer R10 connected factor α of voltage signal conditioning module
Graph of relation;
Attached drawing 6 is the circuit theory of low pass filter blocks;
Attached drawing 7 is the circuit diagram for exporting buffer module;
Attached drawing 8 is the functional block diagram of internal low noise power supply conditioning module;
Attached drawing 9 is the structural schematic diagram of casing;
Attached drawing 10 is another angled arrangement schematic diagram of casing.
In figure: 1, piezoelectric transducer, 2, charge to voltage transformation module, 3, voltage signal conditioning module, 4, low-pass filtering
Module, 5, output buffer module, 6, internal low noise power supply conditioning module, 7, casing, 8, external power adapter, 9, charge
Amplifier signal output interface, 10, charge amplifier signal input interface, 11, external power adapter input socket, 12, interior
The linear voltage stabilization negative supply of portion's low noise power supply conditioning module exports VEE indicator light mounting hole, 13, internal low noise power supply conditioning
The linear voltage stabilization positive supply of module exports VCC indicator light mounting hole.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Figure of description and specific embodiment to a kind of low noise acoustic-electric for piezoelectric transducer of the utility model
Lotus amplifier is described in detail below.
Embodiment:
As shown in Fig. 1, the low-noise charge amplifier for piezoelectric transducer of the utility model, structure includes machine
Shell 7 has in casing 7 charge to voltage transformation module 2, voltage signal conditioning module 3, low-pass filtering module 4, output buffer module
5 connect with internal low noise power supply conditioning module 6, the output end and voltage signal conditioning module 3 of charge to voltage transformation module 2
It connects, the output end of voltage signal conditioning module 3 is connect with low-pass filtering module 4, and the output of low-pass filtering module 4 is slow by output
Die block 5 is sent to output port;Internal low noise power supply conditioning module 6 is separately connected charge and believes to voltage transformation module 2, voltage
Number conditioning module 3, low-pass filtering module 4 and output buffer module 5 are powered for it.
Specific work process:
(1), the charge signal that piezoelectric transducer 1 exports is sent into charge to voltage transformation module 2;
(2), the charge signal that piezoelectric transducer 1 exports is transformed into weak voltage signals to voltage transformation module 2 by charge;
(3), the amplitude of the weak voltage signals is amplified to by suitable size by voltage signal conditioning module 3;
(4), the voltage signal after improving is further fed into low-pass filtering module 4 and is filtered, to reduce High-frequency Interference;
(5), filtered signal is via output buffer module 5 from signal output port output signal.
As shown in attached drawing 9 and 10, the side side of casing 7 is equipped with charge amplifier signal output interface 9 and charge is put
Big device signal input interface 10, the opposite other side side of casing 7 are low equipped with external power adapter input socket 11, inside
The linear voltage stabilization negative supply output VEE indicator light mounting hole 12 of noisy power conditioning module and internal low noise power supply conditioning module
Linear voltage stabilization positive supply export VCC indicator light mounting hole 13.Casing 7 uses aluminium alloy casing, and metal chassis 7 realizes external electrical
Magnetic screen.Size 120 (L) × 90 (W) × 75 (H) mm of casing 7.
As shown in Fig. 3, charge includes operational amplifier U1A, operational amplifier U1B, feeds back to voltage transformation module 2
Capacitor Cf, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, capacitor C1 and capacitor C2;Wherein, operational amplifier U1A and feedback electricity
Hold Cf composition charge and turns voltage core circuit;Operational amplifier U1B, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, capacitor C1
Active T-type feedback network is constituted with capacitor C2, it can expansion low-frequency cutoff frequency and balanced null point drift downwards.
Feedback capacity Cf is jumped between the pin two of operational amplifier U1A and pin one, resistance R1 and resistance R2 series connection
It is in parallel with feedback capacity Cf again after getting up;The public connecting end of resistance R1 and resistance R2 are connect with one end of resistance R3 again, resistance
The other end of R3 is connected to the pin seven of operational amplifier U1B;One end of resistance R4 is connected to the reverse phase of operational amplifier U1B
Input pin six, the other end ground connection of resistance R4;Capacitor C1 is connected across between the pin six of operational amplifier U1B and pin seven;
The one end resistance R5 is connected to the homophase input pin five of operational amplifier U1B, and the resistance R5 other end is connected to operational amplifier U1A
Output pin one;The one end capacitor C2 is connected to the homophase input pin five of operational amplifier U1B, capacitor C2 other end ground connection.
Specifically, the charge for being sent into Q/V conversion module 2 is converted to voltage, output voltage by feedback capacity Cf are as follows:
Wherein, CsIndicate the equivalent capacity of piezoelectric transducer, qsIndicate the quantity of electric charge that piezoelectric transducer generates, usIndicate pressure
The voltage that electric transducer generates, Cf indicate the capacity of feedback capacity.
Specifically, the voltage amplification factor of the circuit are as follows:
Wherein, j represents imaginary unit, i.e. j2=-1;ω is angular frequency;
Work as R4=R5、C1=C2、R1﹥ ﹥ 1, R1When ﹥ ﹥ 1, the voltage amplification factor of Q/V conversion module is approximatelyIts lower limit working frequency is
As shown in Fig. 4, voltage signal conditioning module 3 include operational amplifier U1C, operational amplifier U1D, resistance R6,
Resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R9, potentiometer R10, resistance R11, resistance R12 and potentiometer R13;Wherein, operational amplifier U1C,
Resistance R6, resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R9 and potentiometer R10 form first order voltage amplifier circuit;Voltage signal conditioning module
Graph of relation between 3 first order voltage amplifier circuit and potentiometer R10 connected factor α, as shown in Fig. 5, the charge
Typical frequencies response curve of the amplifier at output Out1 to Out4, wherein the cut-off of the output of low-pass filtering module 4 Out4
Frequency is 10kHz, and decay 40dB at 15kHz.
4 it is found that between available first order voltage amplification input voltage Vout1 and output voltage Vout2 with reference to the accompanying drawings
Relationship are as follows:
According to the formula, work as R6=3.9k Ω, R8=3.3k Ω, R9=1k Ω, R10When=100k Ω, available voltage
Graph of relation between the first order voltage amplifier circuit and potentiometer R10 connected factor α of signal conditioning module 3, such as attached drawing 5
It is shown, it is known that as α=0.5, maximum gain is up to 106dB.
Wherein, the second level voltage amplifier circuit of voltage signal conditioning module 3 is by operational amplifier U1C, resistance R11, electricity
It hinders R12 and potentiometer R13 and forms in-phase proportion amplifying circuit, realize the voltage gain of about 20dB, the first step voltage can be put
The voltage of big circuit output is further amplified;Operational amplifier in one end connection first order voltage amplifier circuit of resistance R11
The pin 14 of U1D, the homophase input pin ten of the other end connection operational amplifier U1C of resistance R11;The both ends potentiometer R13
It is separately connected the anti-phase input pin nine and output pin eight of operational amplifier U1C, the interim pins of potentiometer R13 are connected to
The anti-phase input pin nine of operational amplifier U1C.
As shown in Fig. 6, low-pass filtering module 4 includes operational amplifier U2A, operational amplifier U2B, operational amplifier
U2C, resistance R14, resistance R15, resistance R16, resistance R17, resistance R18, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6 and electricity
Hold C7;Wherein, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, capacitor C5, capacitor C6 and capacitor C7 form five rank Butterworth filters, and realization is compared
Precipitous frequency domain characteristic, as shown in Fig. 2, typical frequencies response curve of the charge amplifier at output Out1 to Out4,
Wherein, it is 10kHz that low-pass filtering module 4, which exports the cutoff frequency of Out4, and decay 40dB at 15kHz.
Wherein, low-pass filtering module 4 is 5 rank Butterworth LPFs, surrounds operational amplifier U2A, operation amplifier
Device U2B and operational amplifier U2C is constituted;One end of resistance R14 is connected to the output end of voltage signal conditioning module, resistance R14
The other end connection operational amplifier U2A reversed input pin three and capacitor C3 one end, capacitor C3 the other end ground connection;
The output pin one of operational amplifier U2A is connect with one end of anti-phase input pin two and capacitor R15;The one end capacitor R16 connects
Connecting resistance R15, the capacitor R16 other end connect the homophase input pin three of operational amplifier U2B and one end of capacitor C4, capacitor
C4 other end ground connection;The connecting pin of capacitor C5 bridging operational amplifier U2B output pin seven and resistance R16 and resistance R15;Operation
The output pin seven of amplifier U2B is connect with one end of anti-phase input pin six and resistance R17, the other end of resistance R17 with
Resistance R18 series connection, the other end of resistance R18 be connected to operational amplifier U2C homophase input pin ten and capacitor C6 one
End, the other end ground connection of capacitor C6;Capacitor C7 bridges the output pin eight and resistance R17 and resistance R18 of operational amplifier U2C
Connecting pin;The output pin eight of operational amplifier U2C feeds back to anti-phase input pin nine.Wherein, resistance and capacitance values are adjusted
The adjustment of upper cut-off frequency may be implemented.
As shown in Fig. 7, output buffer module 5 includes operational amplifier U2D, resistance R19 and resistance R20, can be promoted
It exports current capacity, reduce output resistance.The voltage being made of operational amplifier U2D is given in the output of low pass filter blocks 4
Follower, by exporting buffer module 5, the output electric current exemplary value of circuit is that 10mA (is put depending on operation selected by reality
The fan-out capability of big device).
As shown in Fig. 8, internal low noise power supply conditioning module 6 is turned by first order pressure stabilizing conversion module and second level pressure stabilizing
Block composition is changed the mold, first order pressure stabilizing conversion module generates positive voltage and negative voltage, the second level by high-frequency DC-DC switching regulator IC
Pressure stabilizing conversion module generates low noise positive voltage and negative voltage by linear regulator chip.Internal low noise power supply conditioning module 6 connects
It is connected to external power adapter 8, external power adapter 8 uses unipolarity DC power supply, avoids introducing 50Hz electromagnetic interference
Inside screening housing, 50Hz Hz noise is effectively reduced, improves signal-to-noise ratio.
The unipolarity power supply of external power adapter 8 is sent into internal low noise power supply conditioning module 6, recycles the first order steady
It presses conversion module and the further burning voltage of this two-stage of second level pressure stabilizing conversion module conditioning mode, reduce power supply noise.First
Grade pressure stabilizing conversion module is designed by switching regulator IC, realizes conversion of the positive supply to positive-negative power, Representative output voltages
For positive and negative 12V.Pressure stabilizing conversion module in the second level carries out further pressure stabilizing to positive and negative 12V, so that being supplied to by linear voltage stabilization module
The power supply noise of signal conditioning circuit is lower than 5mV.
Finally, it should be noted that the above various embodiments is only to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than it is limited
System;Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should
Understand: it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of
Technical characteristic is equivalently replaced;And these are modified or replaceed, it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution, and this is practical new
The range of each embodiment technical solution of type.