CN208569033U - The multiple-input and multiple-output array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus of compensated distance - Google Patents
The multiple-input and multiple-output array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus of compensated distance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses the multiple-input and multiple-output array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus of compensated distance, comprising: single channel transmitter, the single channel transmitter generate chirped millimeter-wave signal, be transferred to two-dimensional antenna array and multichannel receiver；Two-dimensional antenna array includes the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna of two-dimensional surface distribution, and transmitting antenna radiates millimeter-wave signal to free space, and receiving antenna receives the scatter echo signal of object；Multichannel receiver contains several identical receiver channels, the receiver in each channel carries out quadrature frequency conversion processing to the linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal from single channel transmitter and from the echo-signal for receiving receiving antenna, the range signal and phase signal of echo-signal are obtained, data processing system is transferred to；Data processing system utilizes the amplitude information and phase information of echo-signal, and the image reconstruction of object is realized using compensated distance.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to mm-wave imaging technical fields, more particularly to the multiple-input and multiple-output array of compensated distance
Millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus.
Background technique
Millimeter wave of the frequency within the scope of 30GHz~300GH is by its penetrability is good, imaging resolution is high, unionized spoke
Equal good characteristics are penetrated, the fields such as human body safety check, lossless detection, medical diagnosis are particularly suitable for applications in.Relevant millimeter wave is three-dimensional
Imaging device and method become current research hotspot.
In order to rebuild the 3-D image of object, need using two-dimensional antenna array.Aerial array topological structure includes single
Based structures and two kinds of more based structures.In single based structures, synchronization only has the identical transmitting antenna in a pair of of position and receives day
Line work, forms two-dimensional antenna array using the mode of electric scanning or mechanical scanning.In order to obtain high quality graphic, need to adopt
With large aperture, sweep time and data acquisition time are very long, cause image taking speed very slow.In more based structures, using MIMO
(multiple-input and multiple-output) array antenna, transmitting antenna and receiving antenna are located at different positions, multiple transmitting antennas sequentially or
Emit millimeter wave simultaneously, multiple receiving antennas receive scattering or the reflection echo of object simultaneously.More basic matrix column can be significant
Image taking speed is improved, equivalent aerial quantity is reduced.
Currently, for the research of mm-wave imaging technology, in terms of being concentrated mainly on single based structures.For using MIMO array
The research of more based structures of antenna, majority are in the theoretical research stage of image rebuilding method.Also, it is existing to be directed to MIMO times
The millimeter wave three-dimensional image reconstruction method of column, in order to realize linearisation and the coefficient entry of echo-signal exponential term phase information
Constant, need to ignore with distance to the related range information of propagation loss, lead to object weight of the different distance to position
It is larger to build picture quality difference.
Utility model content
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided the multi input of compensated distance is more for one of the purpose of this utility model
Output array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus using single channel transmitter, launching electronics switch, multichannel receiver, receives electricity
Sub switch, data processing system and two-dimensional antenna array constitute MIMO array mm-wave imaging device, improve image taking speed,
Reduce equivalent aerial quantity.
The multiple-input and multiple-output array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus of compensated distance, comprising:
Single channel transmitter, the single channel transmitter generate chirped millimeter-wave signal, are transferred to two-dimensional antenna
Array and multichannel receiver；
The two-dimensional antenna array includes the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna of two-dimensional surface distribution, and transmitting antenna is to free sky
Between radiate millimeter-wave signal, receiving antenna receives the scatter echo signal of object；
The multichannel receiver contains several identical receiver channels, and the receiver in each channel is to from single-pass
The linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal of road transmitter and from receive receiving antenna echo-signal carry out quadrature frequency conversion processing, obtain
To the range signal and phase signal of echo-signal, it is transferred to data processing system；
The data processing system utilizes the amplitude information and phase information of echo-signal, realizes target using compensated distance
The image reconstruction of object.
Further preferred technical solution is provided with launching electronics between the single channel transmitter and two-dimensional antenna array
Switch, is provided with reception electronic switch between the multichannel receiver and two-dimensional antenna array；
The launching electronics switch is switch arrays, is equivalent to single pole multiple throw, and the output end of launching electronics switch connects
Connect all transmitting antennas of two-dimensional antenna array；
The reception electronic switch is switch arrays, is equivalent to multidiameter option switch, receive electronic switch according to every time to
Multichannel receiver transmits the mode of echo-signal, and the echo-signal of all receiving antennas is transferred to multichannel receiver.
Further preferred technical solution, the multichannel receiver contain and receive electronic switch output channel quantity phase
Same receiver channel.
The quantity of further preferred technical solution, the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna is NtotalIt is a, receive electronics
Switch is equivalent to one and is fixed with NnThe N of output channel quantityn×NtotalMultidiameter option switch.Also, NtotalIt is NnIt is whole
Several times.
Further preferred technical solution, the data processing system include:
Array structure converter unit, realize to any pair transmitting, receiving antenna pair echo-signal be equivalent to transmitting and
Receiving antenna is in the echo-signal of same position；
Two-dimensional Fourier transform unit is realized and makees lateral two-dimension fourier transform to the conjugation of the echo-signal after equivalent；
Filter unit is realized and carries out space wave number to the space wave-number domain echo-signal that two-dimensional Fourier transform unit exports
Domain filtering；
Difference processing unit carries out difference processing to filtered data, is uniformly distributed data realization；
Two-dimentional inverse Fourier transform member unit carries out two-dimentional inverse Fourier transform to the data after difference；
Distance carries out one-dimensional the data obtained after laterally two-dimentional inverse Fourier transform to one-dimensional Fourier transform unit
Fourier transformation；
To frequency shift unit, the data obtained to one-dimensional Fourier transform of adjusting the distance carry out processing and realize distance to frequency distance
It moves；
Compensated distance unit, the data after frequency displacement of adjusting the distance are handled to obtain object reconstruction image.
The second purpose of the application is to disclose the multiple-input and multiple-output array millimeter wave three-D imaging method of compensated distance,
Include:
Chirped millimeter-wave signal is generated using single channel transmitter, two-dimensional antenna array is transferred to and multichannel connects
Receipts machine；
Wherein, two-dimensional antenna array includes the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna of two-dimensional surface distribution, and transmitting antenna is to freedom
Space radiates millimeter-wave signal, and receiving antenna receives the scatter echo signal of object；
The receiver in each channel in multichannel receiver believes the linear frequency modulation millimeter wave from single channel transmitter
Number and from receive receiving antenna echo-signal carry out quadrature frequency conversion processing, obtain the range signal and phase of echo-signal
Signal is transferred to data processing system；
Data processing system utilizes the amplitude information and phase information of echo-signal, realizes object using compensated distance
Image reconstruction.
Further preferred technical solution, data processing system utilize the amplitude information and phase information of echo-signal, benefit
The image reconstruction of object is realized with compensated distance, specifically:
Transmitting is equivalent to the echo-signal of any pair of transmitting, receiving antenna pair and receiving antenna is in same position
Echo-signal realizes array structure transformation；
Lateral two-dimension fourier transform is made to the conjugation of the echo-signal after equivalent；
The space wave-number domain echo-signal S (k that lateral two-dimension fourier transform is generatedx, ky, k) multiplied byIt carries out empty
Between wavenumber domain filtering, Z0The distance nearest apart from two-dimensional antenna array plane in z-axis direction of imaging region where indicating object,
kzIndicate the space wave number in the direction z；
To filtered data, for kzDimension carries out difference processing, makes data in kzDimension is realized and is uniformly distributed；
To the data after difference, for kxAnd kyDimension carries out two-dimentional inverse Fourier transform；
To the data obtained after laterally two-dimentional inverse Fourier transform successively pass through distance to one-dimensional Fourier transform, distance to
Frequency displacement and compensated distance handle to obtain object reconstruction image.
Further preferred technical solution, to the data obtained after laterally two-dimentional inverse Fourier transform successively pass through distance to
One-dimensional Fourier transform, distance handle to obtain object reconstruction image to frequency displacement and compensated distance, specifically:
To the data obtained after laterally two-dimentional inverse Fourier transform, for kzDimension carries out one-dimensional Fourier transform, obtains S '
(x, y, z '), and z '=z-Z0；
It adjusts the distance the data obtained to one-dimensional Fourier transform, multiplied byRealize distance to frequency displacement, wherein kcIt indicates
Center wave number, andωcIndicate that the center angular frequency of linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal, c indicate the light velocity；
It adjusts the distance the data after frequency displacement, multiplied by realizing compensated distance,Obtain object reconstruction image, wherein
λ indicates millimeter-wave signal wavelength.
Further preferred technical solution,In a complete linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal period, launching electronics
Switch is fixedly attached to 1 transmitting antenna；At next groupIn a millimeter-wave signal period, launching electronics switching is to next
A transmitting antenna.ByIn a millimeter-wave signal period, complete the traversal of all transmitting antennas.
Further preferred technical solution receives electronic switch within 1 complete linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal period
Fixed selection NnA receiving antenna；In lower 1 millimeter-wave signal period, receives electronic switch and be switched to next group of receiving antenna.
ByIn a millimeter-wave signal period, complete the traversal of all receiving antennas.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that
(1) the utility model using single channel transmitter, launching electronics switch, multichannel receiver, reception electronic switch,
Data processing system and two-dimensional antenna array constitute MIMO array mm-wave imaging device.Single basic matrix column mm-wave imaging device
In, antenna spacing maximum is proportional to the half of millimeter-wave signal minimum wavelength；And in MIMO array mm-wave imaging device, day
Line spacing maximum is proportional to millimeter-wave signal minimum wavelength.Therefore, compared with traditional single basic matrix column mm-wave imaging device,
For identical lateral resolution demand, the maximum value limitation of antenna spacing expands 2 times, is equivalent to the quantity equivalent aerial
Half is reduced, hardware cost and system complexity are reduced.
(2) the utility model utilizes displaced phase center principle, and the echo-signal of 5 dimensions is converted to 3 dimension datas, is reduced
The method complexity of subsequent processing, improves image reconstruction speed.
(3) the utility model has carried out distance to frequency displacement and compensated distance to echo data, examines in image reconstruction process
Considered distance to propagation loss, improve reconstructed image quality.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.
Fig. 1 is the structure drawing of device of the application some of them examples of implementation；
Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (c) is respectively image scene schematic diagram and the object distribution of the application some of them examples of implementation
Front view, side view；
Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (b) realizes array junctions using displaced phase center principle for the application some of them examples of implementation
The schematic diagram of structure transformation；Wherein Fig. 3 (a) is two-dimentional mimo antenna array, and Fig. 3 (b) is equivalent single station antenna array；
Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (b) is front view and the side view of the target object image of the reconstruction of the application some of them examples of implementation
Figure.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
In some typical embodiments of the application, a kind of MIMO array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus of compensated distance
By single channel transmitter, launching electronics switch, multichannel receiver, receive electronic switch, data processing system and two-dimensional antenna
Array composition, as shown in Figure 1.
Single channel transmitter generates chirped millimeter-wave signal, is transferred to launching electronics switch and multichannel receives
Machine.
Launching electronics switch is a switch arrays, is equivalent to one 1 × 625 single pole multiple throw, two-dimensional antenna array
The quantity of middle transmitting (reception) antenna is 625.All transmitting days of the output end connection two-dimensional antenna array of launching electronics switch
Line.
Two-dimensional antenna array include two-dimensional surface distribution 625 transmitting antennas and 625 receiving antennas, and emit and
The physical distribution position of receiving antenna is very close, can be equivalent to a pair of of transmitting and receiving antenna at same coordinate.Transmitting
Antenna radiates millimeter-wave signal to free space, and receiving antenna receives the scatter echo signal of object.
Receiving electronic switch is a switch arrays, is equivalent to 16 × 625 multichannel for being fixed with 16 output channels
Selection switch.Electronic switch is received in the way of transmitting 16 groups of echo-signals to multichannel receiver every time, by all receptions
The echo-signal of antenna is transferred to multichannel receiver.
Within 40 complete linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal periods, launching electronics switch is fixedly attached to 1 transmitting day
Line；Next group of 40 millimeter-wave signal periods, launching electronics switching to next transmitting antenna.By 25000 millis
The metric wave signal period completes the traversal of all transmitting antennas.
Within 1 complete linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal period, electronic switch 16 receiving antennas of fixed selection are received；
In lower 1 millimeter-wave signal period, receives electronic switch and be switched to next group of receiving antenna.By 40 millimeter-wave signal weeks
Phase completes the traversal of all receiving antennas.
In other typical embodiments of the application, the quantity of transmitting antenna and receiving antenna can be unequal.But
Still need to complete the traversal work of all transmitting antennas and receiving antenna.
Multichannel receiver contains 16 identical receiver channels, and the receiver in each channel emits from single channel
The linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal of machine and from receive electronic switch echo-signal carry out quadrature frequency conversion processing, obtain echo
The range signal and phase signal of signal, are transferred to data processing system.
Data processing system utilizes the amplitude information and phase information of echo-signal, uses the MIMO array with compensated distance
Millimeter wave three-D imaging method realizes the image reconstruction of object.
Imaging region is set as 0.2m × 0.2m × 0.15m rectangle body region, nearest with two-dimensional antenna array plane
Distance is 0.5m.Object is set as the point target at 4 groups of difference z-axis positions, and the spacing between group in z-axis direction is 0.05m, often
The spacing of point target is 0.05m in group, and point target reflection coefficient is 1, as shown in Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (c).
In another examples of implementation of the utility model, a kind of MIMO array millimeter wave three-dimensional imaging of compensated distance is disclosed
Device and method, method the following steps are included:
Step 1: the echo-signal of any pair of transmitting, receiving antenna pair is equivalent to emit and be connect by array structure transformation
The echo-signal that antenna is in same position is received, realizes space dimensionality reduction.
Any pair transmitting, receiving antenna pair echo-signal can indicate are as follows:
Wherein, (xT, yT) indicate coordinate of the transmitting antenna in two-dimensional antenna array plane, (xR, yR) indicate receiving antenna
In the coordinate of two-dimensional antenna array plane, and two-dimensional antenna array plane is located at z-axis origin, f (x, y, z) indicate to be located at (x,
Y, z) object reflection coefficient, RTIndicate distance of the transmitting antenna to object, RRIndicate receiving antenna to object away from
From, k indicates wave number, andω indicates that the angular frequency of millimeter-wave signal, c indicate the light velocity.
Using displaced phase center principle, by any pair of transmitting, the echo-signal s (x of receiving antenna pairT, yT, xR, yR,
K) it is equivalent to transmitting and receiving antenna is in the echo-signal of same positionAs shown in Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (b).
Wherein, (xc, yc) indicate equivalent transmitting and receiving antenna in the coordinate of two-dimensional antenna array plane.
Step 2: echo-signal is transformed to space wave-number domain, prepared for space filtering by lateral two-dimensional Fourier transform.
Lateral two-dimension fourier transform is made to the conjugation of the echo-signal after equivalent:
Wherein, kxAnd kyIndicate the space wave number in the direction x and the direction y, * indicates conjugate operation, FT2DIndicate two-dimension fourier
Transformation.
Step 3: space wave-number domain echo data is transformed to target area from entire imaging region by space filtering.
To space wave-number domain echo-signal S (kx, ky, k) multiplied bySpace wavenumber domain filtering is carried out, realizes that space is flat
It moves, echo data is transformed into target area from entire imaging region.Wherein, Z0Imaging region is in z-axis where indicating object
The direction distance nearest apart from two-dimensional antenna array plane, kzIndicate the space wave number in the direction z, and
Step 4: difference processing
In the wave-number domain three-dimensional data of space, the wave-number domain k in the direction x and the direction yxAnd kyIt is equally distributed, and the direction z
Wave-number domain kz, it is non-equally distributed due to the influence for the range migration that antenna generates at different location.Therefore, to filtering
Data afterwards, for kzDimension carries out difference processing, makes data in kzDimension is realized and is uniformly distributed, and S ' (k is obtainedx, ky, kz)。
Step 5: echo-signal is converted back to spatial domain by laterally two dimension inverse Fourier transform.
To the data after difference, for kzAnd kyDimension carries out two-dimentional inverse Fourier transform, obtains S ' (x, y, kz)。
Step 6: distance transforms to space to data from wave-number domain to one-dimensional Fourier transform, by the distance of echo-signal
Domain.
To the data obtained after laterally two-dimentional inverse Fourier transform, for kzDimension carries out one-dimensional Fourier transform, obtains S '
(x, y, z '), and z '=z-Z0, z indicates distance to (direction z) coordinate.
In single basic matrix column mm-wave imaging device, based on Born approximation and isotropic scatterning it is assumed that echo-signal can be with
It indicates are as follows:
Wherein, x0And y0Indicate transmitting antenna two-dimensional antenna array plane coordinate,Distance of the expression antenna to object.
In scalar diffraction theory, the light field of point of observation can be expressed as the superposition of diffraction aperture secondary ball surface wave:
Wherein, U (x0, y0, Z0) indicate point of observation light field, U (x, y, 0) indicate diffraction aperture scattered field, r indicate see
It examines a little and the distance of diffraction aperture, cos θ=Z0/ r indicates obliquity factor, Z0Indicate point of observation and diffraction aperture in the z-direction away from
From.
Mm-wave imaging process can be equivalent to the round-trip communication process of light field.Therefore, formula (1) can be equivalent to:
Wherein, 2 times of k ' expression k.
It is described in addition, the propagation of light field can also be using angular spectrum formula:
Wherein, A (fx, fy, 0) indicate U (x, y, 0) two-dimension fourier transform, fxAnd fyIndicate the sky in the direction x and the direction y
Between frequency.
Therefore, the echo data of mm-wave imaging device can be equivalent to again:
Obtain the expression formula of image reconstruction are as follows:
Wherein, Stolt indicates difference processing.
So for reconstruction image, in more based structures, in addition to above-mentioned 6 steps, it is also necessary to which distance is to frequency displacement and apart from benefit
It repays.
Step 7: distance is to frequency displacement
It adjusts the distance the data obtained to one-dimensional Fourier transform, multiplied byRealize distance to frequency displacement.Wherein kcIt indicates
Center wave number, andωcIndicate the center angular frequency of linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal.
Step 8: compensated distance
It adjusts the distance the data after frequency displacement, multiplied byObject reconstruction image is obtained, such as Fig. 4 (a)-Fig. 4 (b) institute
Show.Wherein, λ indicates millimeter-wave signal wavelength.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims (4)
1. the multiple-input and multiple-output array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus of compensated distance, characterized in that include:
Single channel transmitter, the single channel transmitter generate chirped millimeter-wave signal, are transferred to two-dimensional antenna array
And multichannel receiver；
The two-dimensional antenna array includes the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna of two-dimensional surface distribution, and transmitting antenna is to free space spoke
Millimeter-wave signal is penetrated, receiving antenna receives the scatter echo signal of object；
The multichannel receiver contains several identical receiver channels, and the receiver in each channel is sent out from single channel
It penetrates the linear frequency modulation millimeter-wave signal of machine and carries out quadrature frequency conversion processing from the echo-signal for receiving receiving antenna, returned
The range signal and phase signal of wave signal, are transferred to data processing system.
2. the multiple-input and multiple-output array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus of compensated distance as described in claim 1, characterized in that
Launching electronics switch, the multichannel receiver and two-dimentional day are provided between the single channel transmitter and two-dimensional antenna array
Reception electronic switch is provided between linear array；
The launching electronics switch is switch arrays, is equivalent to single pole multiple throw, the output end connection two of launching electronics switch
Tie up all transmitting antennas of aerial array；
The reception electronic switch is switch arrays, is equivalent to multidiameter option switch, receives electronic switch according to every time to multi-pass
Road receiver transmits the mode of echo-signal, and the echo-signal of all receiving antennas is transferred to multichannel receiver.
3. the multiple-input and multiple-output array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus of compensated distance as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that
The multichannel receiver contains receiver channel identical with electronic switch output channel quantity is received.
4. the multiple-input and multiple-output array millimeter wave three-dimensional image forming apparatus of compensated distance as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that
The quantity of the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna is NtotalA, reception electronic switch is equivalent to one and is fixed with NnOutput channel
The N of quantityn×NtotalMultidiameter option switch.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114966675A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-30 | 苏州威陌电子信息科技有限公司 | MIMO array rapid imaging method based on distance compensation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114966675A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-30 | 苏州威陌电子信息科技有限公司 | MIMO array rapid imaging method based on distance compensation |
| CN114966675B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-09-05 | 苏州威陌电子信息科技有限公司 | MIMO array rapid imaging method based on distance compensation |
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