CN208380611U - 一种可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆 - Google Patents
一种可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN208380611U CN208380611U CN201820545025.3U CN201820545025U CN208380611U CN 208380611 U CN208380611 U CN 208380611U CN 201820545025 U CN201820545025 U CN 201820545025U CN 208380611 U CN208380611 U CN 208380611U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- nut
- pallet
- twisted steel
- spring
- anchor rod
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 101700078171 KNTC1 Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆，包括螺纹钢锚杆、托盘、弹簧、螺母；所述螺纹钢锚杆一端用锚固剂打入巷道围岩内，螺纹钢锚杆另一端露出围岩外并通过托盘固定，托盘靠围岩一侧设有螺母，螺母螺纹连接在螺纹钢锚杆的中部，所述螺母与托盘之间设有弹簧，弹簧的两端分别与托盘、螺母刚性连接，通过弹簧对螺纹钢锚杆施加预应力。本实用新型克服了现有锚杆在深部受较大地应力时容易发生拉断，从而导致工程失稳的情况，并且能够在不同围岩条件正常作业，适用范围广。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及锚杆锚固领域，特别涉及一种可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆。
背景技术
冲击地压是煤矿开采过程中，井巷和采场周围煤、岩体在一定高应力条件下释放变形能，而产生的煤岩体突然破坏、垮落或抛出现象，并伴有巨大声响和岩体震动，经常造成支架折损、片帮冒顶、巷道堵塞、人员伤亡，对安全生产威胁巨大。
现有的支护技术主要以锚杆支护为主，但是随着开采深度的增加，冲击地压对巷道支护的影响日益严重，现有的锚杆支护技术，已经越来越难满足支护强度。因此，开发新型、支护可靠的锚杆显得尤为重要。
当深部巷道发生冲击地压，巷道产生大变形时，传统的支护的锚杆往往起不到过大的保护作用，一种可适应深部大应力大变形的锚杆就显得尤为重要。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本实用新型提供一种结构简单、抗压能力强的可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆。
本实用新型解决上述问题的技术方案是：一种可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆，包括螺纹钢锚杆、托盘、弹簧、螺母；所述螺纹钢锚杆一端用锚固剂打入巷道围岩内，螺纹钢锚杆另一端露出围岩外并通过托盘固定，托盘靠围岩一侧设有螺母，螺母螺纹连接在螺纹钢锚杆的中部，所述螺母与托盘之间设有弹簧，弹簧的两端分别与托盘、螺母刚性连接，通过弹簧对螺纹钢锚杆施加预应力。
上述可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆，所述螺纹钢锚杆的螺纹强度小于螺母的螺纹强度。
上述可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆，所述螺纹钢锚杆的螺纹距为20mm。
上述可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆，当地应力增大到一定程度，托盘受到应力后产生位移，此时，弹簧产生形变，围岩仍然处于正常锚固状态；随着地应力的不断增大，增大到100KN时，拉力达到弹簧的弹性极限，此时螺母破坏螺纹钢锚杆最内圈螺纹产生20mm的位移，进而释放一部分应力，释放应力后，锚杆依然抵抗围岩产生的形变，继续保持锚固状态。
本实用新型的有益效果在于：本实用新型克服了现有锚杆在深部受较大地应力时容易发生拉断，从而导致工程失稳的情况；并且可以根据不同的地质情况来设计弹簧的强度以及螺纹钢锚杆的螺纹极限承载力，在弹簧变形范围内与螺纹钢螺纹所能释放的应力范围内，锚杆一直处于锚固状态，在不同围岩条件下均能使用本锚杆对冲击地压起到一定的防治作用，此外，弹簧的存在，能对冲击地压所引起的后续岩体震动起到一定的减震保护措施。本实用新型可以做临时支护，又可以做永久支护，可以解决深部软弱、破碎围岩巷道支护的问题，具有结构稳定、抗压能力强的优点，在发生冲击地压或者地震时，能对围岩起到保护作用。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。
图2为图1中锚杆的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步的说明。
如图1所示，一种可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆，包括螺纹钢锚杆1、托盘2、弹簧3、螺母4；螺纹钢锚杆1上设有螺纹7，所述螺纹钢锚杆1一端用锚固剂打入巷道围岩5内，螺纹钢锚杆1另一端露出围岩5外并通过托盘2固定，托盘2靠围岩5一侧设有螺母4，螺母4螺纹连接在螺纹钢锚杆1的中部，所述螺母4与托盘2之间设有弹簧3，弹簧3的两端分别与托盘2、螺母4刚性连接，通过弹簧3对螺纹钢锚杆1施加预应力。
所述螺纹钢锚杆1的螺纹强度小于螺母4的螺纹强度。所述螺纹钢锚杆1的螺纹距为20mm。
本实用新型的工作原理如下：
本实用新型利用了高性能弹簧3与螺纹钢锚杆1的组合，通过弹簧3对锚杆施加预应力，弹簧3一端与托盘2刚接，另一端与螺母4刚接；当地应力增大到一定程度δs，托盘2受到应力后产生一定的位移，此时，弹簧3产生一定形变，围岩5仍然处于正常锚固状态；随着地应力的不断增大，增大到100KN时，拉力快达到弹簧3的弹性极限F极，此时螺母4破坏最内圈螺纹产生20mm的位移，进而释放一部分应力。
本实用新型的实施过程如下：
1）根据巷道围岩5的地质条件和围岩5稳定性情况，选择合适的高性能弹簧3的强度。
2）进行的常规的钻孔，钻孔完毕，搅拌锚固树脂（即锚固剂6），迅速把螺纹钢锚杆1锚入锚固孔里，并且通过托盘2、弹簧3和螺母4的组合施加预应力。
3）锚固完成后，锚杆处于服役状态，当地应力增大到一定程度时，托盘2受到应力后产生一定的位移，此时，高性能弹簧3产生一定形变，围岩5仍然处于正常锚固状态。
4）随着地应力的不断增大,拉力快达到弹簧3的弹性极限F极,此时螺母4破坏最内圈螺纹释放应力，围岩5继续保持锚固状态。
Claims (3)
1.一种可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆，其特征在于：包括螺纹钢锚杆、托盘、弹簧、螺母；所述螺纹钢锚杆一端用锚固剂打入巷道围岩内，螺纹钢锚杆另一端露出围岩外并通过托盘固定，托盘靠围岩一侧设有螺母，螺母螺纹连接在螺纹钢锚杆的中部，所述螺母与托盘之间设有弹簧，弹簧的两端分别与托盘、螺母刚性连接，通过弹簧对螺纹钢锚杆施加预应力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆，其特征在于：所述螺纹钢锚杆的螺纹强度小于螺母的螺纹强度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可适应不同围岩条件的锚杆，其特征在于：所述螺纹钢锚杆的螺纹距为20mm。
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