CN208281809U - It is a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system - Google Patents
It is a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN208281809U CN208281809U CN201820879078.9U CN201820879078U CN208281809U CN 208281809 U CN208281809 U CN 208281809U CN 201820879078 U CN201820879078 U CN 201820879078U CN 208281809 U CN208281809 U CN 208281809U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pipeline
- pond
- complicated
- pigging
- transfer pipeline
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system comprising the transfer pipeline and delivery pump of slurry body；The delivery pump is mounted on transfer pipeline, wherein the delivery pump includes one and more than one low-lift pump and one and more than one high-pressure pump, wherein low-lift pump is mounted on the transfer pipeline starting point for passing through narrow highway, disaster section and building control area, the starting point of remainder transfer pipeline is installed by high-pressure pump, it is provided with pigging pond and clear water reserviors at the transfer pipeline at low altitude area, is provided with threeway and triple valve on by the transfer pipeline at pigging pond and clear water reserviors.The utility model reduces pipeline by complicated highway section, the risk in disaster section, mountain area abrupt slope and the passive plugging of pipeline burst parking, also releases and stream and water hammer is accelerated to damage caused by pipeline.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to slurry pipeline steel technical fields, and in particular to pass through complicated, heavy grade to a kind of slurry pipeline
Landform mode of movement and the pipeline system of conveying.
Background technique
Slurry Pipeline Transportation is a kind of new transportation mode to grow up the fifties in last century.It is will be granular solid
Body substance is mixed with liquid transport medium, is transported by the way of pumping in the duct, and high-pressure delivery distance is up to hundreds of kilometer
Outside, feed-line is passing through various height above sea level landform, foundation " slurry long-distance transportation through pipeline engineering design code " and " slurry pipeline steel
The Pre-Engineering Design of Long Distance of pipeline " require slurry pipeline designs longitudinally just to can guarantee between dwelling period because the gradient is exceeded the laying gradient≤8 °
And sliding siltation precipitating plugging and water hammer is caused potentially to threaten.Note: water hammer is also known as water attack；Water (or other liquid) transmission process
In, due to valve opens or closes suddenly, water pump stops suddenly, opens and closes guide vane etc. suddenly, make flow velocity that suddenly change occur,
The phenomenon that pressure generation simultaneously is fluctuated widely.
The longer pressure of slurry pipeline steel distance is higher, and pressure is higher, and potential hazard is bigger, therefore is passing by narrow, disaster section
High pressure line is by that can be limited.When traversing pipe line highway, building area, according to " People's Republic of China's road law " the 45th
The inbuilt principle of pipeline: item, " highway safety conservation regulation " Article 27 are forbidden within highway, building area land used range
It is embedded.
When pipeline passes through the Various Complexes landform such as marsh, high mountain, coombe, valley, river on the way, some gradient >=8 ° have
A little turn curvature radiuses are too small, once involuntary stoppage in operational process, slurry can slide into the lower curtate of pipeline, deposition and silt automatically
Product blocks pipeline, and slurry pipeline steel has strict demand to pipeline laying.According to " slurry long-distance transportation through pipeline engineering design rule
Model " the pipelining gradient≤8 ° are required, 20% space must be reserved after the slurry olistostrome that stops and is come out, and fortune can be just again started up
Row.
It can be seen that prior art middle line bend pipe is using radius of curvature, there is no limit determine according to landform, so that curved
The abrasion of tube angulation and resistance are larger.
Inventor by long-term practice has found above-mentioned technology that there are biggish security risks, while restarting after stopping
Between interval time it is longer, to stop over transport cycle, and pipelining slope requirement≤8 °, therefore increase pipelining
Requirement and pipeline limitation.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system,
The pipeline system is solved and must be laid with far from highway, construction area in slurry high-pressure delivery, wants the gradient≤8 ° to pipelining,
After the slurry parking of slurry pipe tape, slurry can the deposition siltation plugging of flowline lower curtate, heavy grade region when head fall >=8 °
Slurry can the deposition siltation plugging of flowline lower curtate, accelerate stream that can also cause the threat of plugging and destruction to ask pipeline with water hammer
Topic.
The utility model provides a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system comprising conveying
The transfer pipeline and delivery pump of slurry；The delivery pump is mounted on transfer pipeline, wherein delivery pump conveying includes one
And more than one low-lift pump conveys and one and the conveying of more than one high-pressure pump, wherein low-lift pump feed-line, which is mounted on, wears
Pass through near narrower highway, disaster section and building control area, high-pressure pump is installed in the starting point of remainder transfer pipeline
Conveying, is provided with pigging pond, clear water reserviors at the transfer pipeline at low altitude area, by the delivery pipe at pigging pond, clear water reserviors
Road is provided with tee pipe fitting, switch valve.
According to described in the utility model a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, into
The technical solution of one step is: continuous rise and fall is greater than the pipe of ten octuple transfer pipelines with the radius of curvature R of the transfer pipeline at the gradient
Diameter.
According to described in the utility model a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, into
The technical solution of one step is: continuous rise and fall is greater than ten octuple above transfer pipelines with the radius of curvature R of the transfer pipeline at the gradient
Caliber.
According to described in the utility model a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, into
The technical solution of one step is: further including control system (alarm), the control system is mounted on pigging pond, clear water reserviors, switching
It is connected on valve and with delivery pump.
According to described in the utility model a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, into
The technical solution of one step is: further including intelligence control system, which connects delivery pump and switch valve, pigging
On pond, pipeline.
According to described in the utility model a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, into
The technical solution of one step is: the low-lift pump discharge pressure is 1-6 megapascal.
According to described in the utility model a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, into
The technical solution of one step is: the high-pressure pump discharge pressure is greater than 6 megapascal.
It is suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system according to described in the utility model, feature exists
Be more than or equal at 9 ° of low altitude areas in: the heavy grade longitudinal slope gradient, setting one and more than one, pigging pond, clear water reserviors, threeway
Pipe fitting, switch valve.
According to described in the utility model a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, into
The technical solution of one step is: longitudinally the laying gradient is more than or equal to 9 ° (15%) to transfer pipeline.
The utility model has the advantage that compared with prior art
1, the prior art, be by must get around using a high-pressure delivery no thoroughfare highway, building control area.This is practical
It is novel by head end using reduce discharge pressure simultaneously reduce potential risks, can by pass through narrow highway, building control
Area processed does not need to get around, to reduce the distance of laying pipeline, reduces costs.
2, the prior art needs the pipeline longitudinally laying gradient≤8 ° in design specification, and the slurry that stops suddenly stops in pipeline
Will not deposit plugging, must detour or reduce the gradient laying when more than >=9 °.The utility model pipeline longitudinally laying the gradient >=
9 °, parking is connected using a set of three links pipe fitting, valve, pigging pond with control system suddenly, is actively cleaned out the ore pulp of pipeline, is mentioned
High pipeline also releases by complicated highway section, the risk in disaster section, mountain area abrupt slope and the passive plugging of pipeline burst parking and accelerates stream
It is damaged caused by pipeline with water hammer.
3, using radius of curvature, there is no limit determine according to landform, do not account for bend pipe angle prior art pipeline bend pipe
Abrasion and resistance, the pipeline bend pipe of the utility model use radius of curvature R >=18D, avoid radius of curvature from grinding pipeline erosion
Damage and slurry pass through resistance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 2 in the utility model.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of embodiment 3 in the utility model
In figure: transfer pipeline 1, low-lift pump 2, high-pressure pump 3, pigging pond 4, clear water reserviors 5, threeway 6, triple valve 7, alarm 8,
Intelligence control system 9.
Specific embodiment
The embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning
Same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions are indicated to same or similar label eventually.Below by ginseng
The embodiment for examining attached drawing description is exemplary, it is intended to for explaining the utility model, and should not be understood as to the utility model
Limitation.
In order to make the purpose of the utility model, technical solutions and advantages more clearly understood, below in conjunction with attached drawing 1-3 and reality
Example is applied, the present invention will be further described in detail.
Embodiment one
It is a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, head end of the present embodiment in transfer pipeline 1
The low pressure pump station being made of low-lift pump 2 is set, at this time 1000 meters of height above sea level, village is passed through in 3 megapascal of output pressure, centre, arrives height above sea level
800 meters and precipitous hill path, then pass through 1100 meters of height above sea level, 10 kilometers of whole low-pressure delivery distance, and some pipelining gradients≤
8°.High-pressure pump 2,20 megapascal of output pressure are reconnected at this time, and 800 meters of the height above sea level of the high pressure pump house is set up clear at 500 meters of height above sea level
Pipe pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5, and threeway 6 and triple valve 7 are set on the transfer pipeline by pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5.Pipeline applies
If the high mountain of 20 ° of the gradient, 2500 meters of height above sea level of 3 kilometers of traverse distance, then go down the hill, 20 ° of downhill slope, by 20 kilometers of arrival tail ends
Terminal, 1200 meters of tail end terminal height above sea level.The whole lateral corner bending radius controls of pipeline are pipe diameter in R=18D(D).
In (low-lift pump/high-pressure pump) the unpowered situation of burst parking initial station, first start triple valve, by preparation in clear water reserviors
Clear water is directly squeezed into high pressure pumping station to the pipeline of head end using the equipment of pump etc, and head end to high pressure pumping station pours into clear water, clearly
The slurry of empty low-pressure line.The slurry of 2500 mitron line of highest height above sea level is discharged into pigging pond again, the slurry portion at 2500 meters
It is diverted to pigging pond, partially flows to tail end, high pressure pumping station to tail end pipeline all uses gravity flow mode by outside slurry discharge pipe,
Parking pipeline plugging suddenly can thus be released and accelerate stream and water hammer to pipeline potential threat.
Embodiment two
The head end height above sea level of the present embodiment transfer pipeline 1 is 1500 meters, and 2 megapascal of output pressure of low-lift pump 2, centre is worn
More 800 meters of height above sea level 1000 meters of precipitous hill paths in village and height above sea level convey 20 kilometers of low pressure distance, the pipelining gradient≤8 °.?
Reconnection high-pressure pump 3 at 1000 meters of height above sea level, 20 megapascal of pumping plant output pressure, 1000 meters of pump house height above sea level.It is set up at 800 meters of height above sea level
Pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5, and tee pipe fitting, switch valve are set on the transfer pipeline 1 by pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5
(triple valve), using laying 15 ° of mountains of the gradient, 2500 meters of massif height above sea level, 5 kilometers of distance；Go down the hill again 10 kilometers, 20 ° of the gradient
1500 meters of mountain lower curtate height above sea level, mountain is low to set up pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5, and in the conveying by pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5
Tee pipe fitting, switch valve (triple valve) are set on pipeline 1, conveyance conduit is gone up a hill again, and 2000 meters of height above sea level, by 20 kilometers
Go down the hill again 20 kilometers and reaches home, 1200 meters of terminal height above sea level.Pipeline whole corner bending radius is controlled in R=15-25D.Exist simultaneously
Alarm 8 is set on pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5, which connects neighbouring delivery pump.
Parking suddenly, head-end pump station to high pressure pumping station can not have to examine in 72 hours due to the pipelining gradient≤8 °
Consider.It is warned due to alarm with pump connection nearby, alarm automatic alarm, then staff starts threeway by control system
The slurry of 2500 mitron line of highest height above sea level is discharged pigging pond by pipe fitting and switch valve (triple valve).Pigging pond is passed through into threeway
2500 meters of height above sea level and 2000 meters of height pipeline slurries of height above sea level are put into pigging pond by pipe fitting and switch valve, and 2000 meters of height above sea level are arrived
Tail end gravity flow tail portion discharge, high pressure line is using the slurry that pigging pond empties pipeline is flowed automatically to, and also releasing accelerates to flow latent with water hammer
It is threatening.The control system and alarm play the role of warning and manipulation, so that staff's first time is in place, reduce accident
Risk.
Embodiment three
The head end height above sea level of the present embodiment transfer pipeline 1 is 1500 meters, and 2 megapascal of output pressure of low-lift pump 2, centre is worn
More 800 meters of height above sea level 1000 meters of precipitous hill paths in village and height above sea level convey 20 kilometers of low pressure distance, the pipelining gradient≤8 °.?
Reconnection high-pressure pump 3 at 1000 meters of height above sea level, 20 megapascal of pumping plant output pressure, 1000 meters of pump house height above sea level.It is set up at 800 meters of height above sea level
Pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5, and tee pipe fitting, switch valve are set on the transfer pipeline 1 by pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5
(triple valve), using laying 15 ° of mountains of the gradient, 2500 meters of massif height above sea level, 5 kilometers of distance；Go down the hill again 10 kilometers, 20 ° of the gradient
1500 meters of mountain lower curtate height above sea level, mountain is low to set up pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5, and in the conveying by pigging pond 4 and clear water reserviors 5
Tee pipe fitting, switch valve (triple valve) are set on pipeline 1, conveyance conduit is gone up a hill again, and 2000 meters of height above sea level, by 20 kilometers
Go down the hill again 20 kilometers and reaches home, 1200 meters of terminal height above sea level.Pipeline whole corner bending radius is controlled in R=15-25D.In the pipe
Increase on linear system system and be provided with intelligence control system 9, intelligence control system 9 is connect with triple valve and delivery pump, and intelligent control
System is just purchased in market, by customized all kinds of parameter sophisticated systems of setting after installing, for controlling three
Full intelligent control is realized in the start and stop of port valve.
It can not had in 72 hours when meeting parking, head-end pump station to high pressure pumping station suddenly due to the pipelining gradient≤8 °
Consider.Intelligence control system monitors that pipeline system stops, and then starts threeway and switch valve automatically according to the case where setting
The slurry of 2500 mitron line of highest height above sea level is discharged pigging pond by (triple valve).Pigging pond passes through tee pipe fitting and switch valve, will
2500 meters of height above sea level and 2000 meters of height pipeline slurries of height above sea level are put into pigging pond, and 2000 meters of height above sea level to tail end gravity flow tail portion discharge,
High pressure line also releases plugging and accelerates stream and water hammer to the potential prestige of pipeline using the slurry that pigging pond empties pipeline is flowed automatically to
The side of body reduces accident risk.
About tee pipe fitting, switch valve, pigging pond and clear water reserviors, slurry when parking in pipeline passes through switch valve
Switching, is flowed into the slurry in pipeline in pigging pond.Pigging pond is empty when pipeline performance, and clear water reserviors are full with spare,
After pipeline is stopped transport, the slurry in the flow ipe of pigging pond, the slurry that the water in clear water reserviors is used to clear up in pipeline.
Example IV
High-pressure pump is arranged in head end in the present embodiment, and 20 megapascal of pumping plant output pressure, 1000 meters of pump house height above sea level, transfer pipeline passes through
Tee pipe fitting, switch valve and pigging pond and clear water reserviors are set up after crossing 20 kilometers at 900 meters of height above sea level, by 40 ° of the gradient of laying
Mountain, 2500 meters of massif height above sea level, 5 kilometers of distance are arrived terminal.All lateral corner bending radius is controlled in R >=15D pipeline.
Increase in whole system and is provided with intelligence control system 9, intelligence control system 9 and switch valve and delivery pump company
It connects, and intelligence control system is just purchased in market, improves system by customized all kinds of parameters of setting after installing
System, for controlling the start and stop of switch valve, realizes full intelligent control.Current this kind of control system is all that belong in the market can be into
The existing equipment of row buying.
Suddenly after parking, control system is by judgement starting tee pipe fitting and switch valve (triple valve), by head end height above sea level
The slurry gravity flow of 1000 meters and 2500 mitron line of highest height above sea level is discharged into 900 meters of pigging ponds of height above sea level, empties all pipeline slurries,
Also parking plugging suddenly is released potentially to threaten with water hammer.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " Gu
It is fixed " etc. terms shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integral；It can be
Mechanical connection, is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, two can also be can be indirectly connected through an intermediary
The interaction relationship of connection or two elements inside element.It for the ordinary skill in the art, can basis
Concrete condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.
It needs it is to be noted that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model only, it is unpractical to limit
Novel, any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention etc. should be included in
Within the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system comprising the transfer pipeline of slurry body and
Delivery pump；The pump conveying is mounted on transfer pipeline, it is characterised in that: the pump conveying is including one and more than one low
Press pump conveying and one and the conveying of more than one high-pressure pump, wherein low-lift pump conveying, which is mounted on, passes through narrow highway, disaster road
High-pressure pump is installed in the starting point of the transfer pipeline starting point of section and building control area, remainder transfer pipeline, at low altitude area
Transfer pipeline at be provided with pigging pond, clear water reserviors, be provided with tee tube on by pigging pond, the transfer pipeline at clear water reserviors
Part and switch valve.
2. according to claim 1 be suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, it is characterised in that:
It is continuous rise and fall and the gradient at the radius of curvature R of conveying lateral duct be greater than 10 eight times of transfer pipeline caliber.
3. according to claim 1 be suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, it is characterised in that:
Transfer pipeline lays the longitudinal slope gradient and is more than or equal to 9 °.
4. according to claim 1 be suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, it is characterised in that:
It further include control system, the control system is mounted on pigging pond, switch valve, connect on pipeline and with delivery pump.
5. according to claim 1 be suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, it is characterised in that:
The low-lift pump discharge pressure is 1-6 megapascal.
6. according to claim 1 be suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, it is characterised in that:
The high-pressure pump discharge pressure is greater than 6 megapascal.
7. according to claim 1 be suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, it is characterised in that:
The heavy grade longitudinal slope gradient is more than or equal at 9 ° of low altitude areas, setting one and more than one, pigging pond, clear water reserviors, tee tube
Part, switch valve.
8. a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system, it is characterised in that: the starting point of transfer pipeline
High-pressure pump is installed, is more than or equal to 9 ° of low altitude areas in the heavy grade longitudinal slope gradient and one and more than one pigging pond, clear water is set everywhere
Pond is provided with threeway and triple valve, unexpected Stop Control System on by the transfer pipeline at pigging pond and clear water reserviors.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820879078.9U CN208281809U (en) | 2018-06-07 | 2018-06-07 | It is a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820879078.9U CN208281809U (en) | 2018-06-07 | 2018-06-07 | It is a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN208281809U true CN208281809U (en) | 2018-12-25 |
Family
ID=64706848
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820879078.9U Active CN208281809U (en) | 2018-06-07 | 2018-06-07 | It is a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN208281809U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109885013A (en) * | 2019-03-31 | 2019-06-14 | 赵玉丹 | Pumping station system method of controlling security, device and pumping station system for hydraulic engineering |
-
2018
- 2018-06-07 CN CN201820879078.9U patent/CN208281809U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109885013A (en) * | 2019-03-31 | 2019-06-14 | 赵玉丹 | Pumping station system method of controlling security, device and pumping station system for hydraulic engineering |
| CN109885013B (en) * | 2019-03-31 | 2021-12-14 | 赵玉丹 | Pump station system safety control method and device for hydraulic engineering and pump station system |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN208281809U (en) | It is a kind of suitable for complicated, heavy grade landform slurry body pipeline system | |
| CN103194758B (en) | Forming device for gas production pipeline corrosion inhibitor slug pre-film | |
| RU121551U1 (en) | CONDENSATOR COLLECTOR FOR POLYMERIC PIPELINES | |
| CN214618266U (en) | Energy-dissipation pressure-reduction anti-blocking piece for deep well filling pipeline and long-distance slurry pipeline conveying system | |
| CN109381830B (en) | Ultra-long highway tunnel partition water supply fire-fighting system and water supply fire-fighting method | |
| CN114438978A (en) | Hydropower station factory building fire-fighting water supply system | |
| CN107130948B (en) | Liquid injection equipment for water injection well | |
| CN206296280U (en) | A kind of flushing line system for preventing Waste Water Treatment drug feeding pipeline from blocking | |
| CN210088122U (en) | Pipeline outlet water flow velocity and flow state regulator | |
| CN104555878A (en) | Tank vehicle unloading system | |
| CN211146096U (en) | Automatic control device for preventing condensation and heat tracing steam in oil refinery oil pipeline accidents | |
| CN208668443U (en) | Partial vacuum pressure drop drainage pipeline networks | |
| CN205782014U (en) | Condensate induction system | |
| CN203907231U (en) | Slurry conveying pipeline system | |
| CN108954003B (en) | Municipal administration sewage transportation pipeline | |
| CN207702005U (en) | A kind of anti-freeze blocking device of Siphoning type pipe | |
| US2672371A (en) | Transportation of solids through pipe lines | |
| CN110617400A (en) | Automatic control device for preventing condensation and heat tracing steam in oil refinery oil pipeline accidents | |
| CN203189935U (en) | Pipe fitting connector | |
| CN205345841U (en) | Pitch storage device and pump drainage device thereof | |
| CN204551714U (en) | A kind of General purpose type swirl flow constant-current device | |
| CN220337078U (en) | Ion wastewater pond self priming pump flow control system | |
| CN212091161U (en) | Pipeline system of distributed sewage treatment equipment | |
| CN213712165U (en) | Wax control paraffin removal flexible metal composite hose for oil field exploitation and transportation | |
| CN204848247U (en) | Take automatic monitor function's liquid material discharge apparatus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |