CN208223168U - A kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction - Google Patents
A kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN208223168U CN208223168U CN201820805789.1U CN201820805789U CN208223168U CN 208223168 U CN208223168 U CN 208223168U CN 201820805789 U CN201820805789 U CN 201820805789U CN 208223168 U CN208223168 U CN 208223168U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of metal molten furnace insulation constructions, belong to casting technology field, including melting furnace and the holding furnace being set in outside melting furnace, second that sealing is formed between holding furnace and melting furnace accommodates gap, downtake pipe is equipped at the top of melting furnace, the first air inlet pipe being connected to downtake pipe is equipped at the top of holding furnace, holding furnace lateral wall lower end is equipped with second exhaust pipe, second exhaust pipe and the first air inlet pipe are connected to the second receiving gap, and second accommodates in gap equipped with several ring stainless steel mesh grids being set in outside melting furnace；By the way that the high-temperature gas generated in melting furnace is passed through in the second receiving gap, so that second accommodates the heat-insulatied slit for forming high temperature in gap, to preferably reduce the heat loss of external furnace body, energy saving consumption, reduce cost, and transcalent ring stainless steel mesh grid is set in the second gap and is conducive to preferably accommodate the heat storage of high-temperature gas in gap in second, further increase heat insulation effect.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to casting technology fields, more particularly to a kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction.
Background technique
Casting is that the mankind grasp than a kind of metal heat processing technique earlier, has history in about 6000, and China about exists
B.C. 1700~it is 1000 first between entered heyday of bronze casting, have reached quite high level in technique；Casting
Refer to and solid metallic be molten into the casting mold that liquid pours into specific shape, to the processing method of its solidification forming, had by ingot metal:
Copper, iron, aluminium, tin, lead etc., the material of common casting mold are roughing sand, clay, waterglass, resin and other auxiliary materials；It wherein will be golden
This process that category is molten into liquid needs to consume a large amount of energy consumption, but heat of the melting furnace when being melted inside it holds
It is easy to lose into air, result in the need for consuming more energy consumptions and carry out temperature in maintenance melting furnace；Conventional metals melting furnace
Insulation is usually to be laid with thermal insulation material, such as asbestos in the outside of furnace lining, and pearl cotton etc. is wanted although can reach certain heat preservation
Ask, but heat insulation effect people is insufficient, the thermal loss outside furnace body is larger, for maintain in-furnace temperature need the energy that consumes compared with
It is high.
Utility model content
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to propose that a kind of metal is molten
Change furnace insulation construction, a thermal insulation furnace body, shape between thermal insulation furnace body inner wall and external furnace body outer wall are arranged by the outside in external furnace body
Gap is accommodated at the second of sealing, the high-temperature gas generated in inner furnace body is passed through the second receiving gap by the first connecting tube
It is interior, so that second accommodates the heat-insulatied slit for forming high temperature in gap, so that the preferably heat loss of reduction external furnace body, is incorporated in
First first thermal insulation layer for accommodating the thermal insulation material filled in gap and being laid in thermal insulation furnace body inner wall, improves the guarantor of melting furnace
Temp effect, to reduce the thermal loss of melting furnace, energy saving consumption reduces cost, and is arranged in the second gap
Transcalent ring stainless steel mesh grid is conducive to preferably accommodate the heat storage of high-temperature gas in gap in second, into one
Step improves heat insulation effect.
For this purpose, the utility model uses following technical scheme: including melting furnace and being set in outside the melting furnace
Holding furnace, the melting furnace includes that external furnace body, lid are located at the upper furnace being fixedly connected with the external furnace body at the top of the external furnace body
The inner furnace body for covering and being arranged in the external furnace body is equipped with uniform between the inner furnace body lateral wall and the external furnace body inner sidewall
First accommodate gap, described first accommodates and is filled with thermal insulation material in gap, described equipped with receiving cavity in the inner furnace body
The feed inlet for being connected to the receiving cavity is equipped at the top of bell, the bell top is equipped with first row in the side of the feed inlet
Tracheae, described downtake pipe one end are protruded into the receiving cavity, and the downtake pipe other end stretches out outside the bell
And it is equipped with the first connector；
The holding furnace includes that the thermal insulation furnace body being set in outside the external furnace body and lid are located at the top of the thermal insulation furnace body
Annular cover plate, the external furnace body bottom is equipped with and several contacts the first support leg to offset, institute with bottom in the thermal insulation furnace body
It states and is equipped with uniform second receiving gap between external furnace body lateral wall and the thermal insulation furnace body inner sidewall, the annular cover plate passes through
Welding respectively with the external furnace body and be fixedly connected with the thermal insulation furnace body and make it is described second accommodate gap formed seal
Second accommodate gap, the annular cover plate be equipped with the first air inlet pipe, thermal insulation furnace body lateral wall lower end be equipped with second row
Tracheae, first air inlet pipe one end are protruded into described second and are accommodated in gap, and the first air inlet pipe other end stretches out the ring
Shape cover board is outer and is equipped with the second connector, and first air inlet pipe is connected to by the first connecting tube with the downtake pipe, institute
The both ends for stating the first connecting tube are separately connected first connector and second connector, described second exhaust pipe one end
It protrudes into described second to accommodate in gap, the second exhaust pipe other end, which stretches out outside the thermal insulation furnace body and is equipped with third, to be connected
Head is connected with the second connecting tube on the third connector；
The inner wall of the thermal insulation furnace body is equipped with first thermal insulation layer, is set in institute equipped with several in second receiving gap
State external furnace body it is outer and along the external furnace body to the thermal insulation furnace body direction be in the ring stainless steel mesh grid being placed equidistant with.
Optionally, the thermal insulation furnace body bottom, which is equipped with, is connected to the described second outlet for accommodating gap, on the outlet
Equipped with control valve.
Optionally, the thermal insulation furnace body lateral wall is equipped with second thermal insulation layer.
Optionally, the downtake pipe protrudes into one end of the receiving cavity, first air inlet pipe protrudes into described
One end that the one end in two receiving gaps and the second exhaust pipe protrude into second receiving gap is funnel-shaped.
Optionally, the bottom of the thermal insulation furnace body is equipped with several second support legs, and the second support foot bottom is equipped with rolling
Wheel.
Optionally, the outlet is gradually narrowed in thermal insulation furnace body inner wall end to thermal insulation furnace body outer wall end.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects: the utility model is arranged a thermal insulation furnace body by the outside in external furnace body, protect
Second that sealing is formed between warm inboard wall of furnace body and external furnace body outer wall accommodates gap, and the high-temperature gas generated in inner furnace body is passed through
First connecting tube is passed through in the second receiving gap, so that second accommodates the heat-insulatied slit for forming high temperature in gap, thus preferably
The heat loss for reducing external furnace body is incorporated in the thermal insulation material filled in the first receiving gap and is laid in thermal insulation furnace body inner wall
First thermal insulation layer, improve the heat insulation effect of melting furnace, to reduce the thermal loss of melting furnace, energy saving consumption, drop
Low cost, and transcalent ring stainless steel mesh grid is set in the second gap and is conducive to the preferably heat by high-temperature gas
Amount is stored in the second receiving gap, further increases heat insulation effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction structural schematic diagram that specific embodiment of the present invention provides.
In figure: 1, melting furnace；11, external furnace body；111, the first support leg；12, bell；121, feed inlet；13, inner furnace body；
130, receiving cavity；100, first gap is accommodated；200, second gap is accommodated；2, holding furnace；21, thermal insulation furnace body；22, ring cover
Plate；221, outlet；222, the second support leg；223, idler wheel；3, downtake pipe；31, the first connector；4, the first air inlet
Pipe；41, the second connector；5, second exhaust pipe；51, third connector；61, the first connecting tube；62, the second connecting tube；71,
One thermal insulation layer；72, second thermal insulation layer；8, ring stainless steel mesh grid.
Specific embodiment
Further illustrate the technical solution of the utility model below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction provided by the utility model, as shown in Figure 1, packet
The holding furnace 2 for including melting furnace 1 and being set in outside melting furnace 1, melting furnace 1 are located on 11 top of external furnace body including external furnace body 11, lid
The bell 12 being fixedly connected with external furnace body 11 and the inner furnace body 13 being arranged in external furnace body 11,13 lateral wall of inner furnace body and external furnace body
It is equipped with uniform first between 11 inner sidewalls and accommodates gap 100, first accommodates in gap 100 filled with thermal insulation material, inner furnace body
It is equipped with receiving cavity 130 in 13, the feed inlet 121 of connection receiving cavity 130 is equipped at the top of bell 12,12 top of bell is in charging
The side of mouth 121 is equipped with downtake pipe 3, and 3 one end of downtake pipe is protruded into receiving cavity 130,3 other end of downtake pipe
It stretches out outside bell 12 and is equipped with the first connector 31；Specifically, polyethylene, polyphenyl can be used in the first receiving gap 100
The thermal insulation materials such as vinyl foam, mineral wool are filled, and stretch out the first connection of one end setting outside bell 12 in downtake pipe 3
First 31, facilitate the installation between downtake pipe 3 and other connecting tubes to connect, keeps uniformly capable of for the first receiving gap 100
Enabling the first receiving gap 100 for being filled with thermal insulation material uniformly heat-insulated, similarly second mentioned by the utility model
Accommodating gap 200 is also uniform second receiving gap 200.
Holding furnace 2 includes that the thermal insulation furnace body 21 being set in outside external furnace body 11 is located at the annular on 21 top of thermal insulation furnace body with lid
Cover board 22,11 bottom of external furnace body contact the first support leg 111 to offset, external furnace body 11 with bottom in thermal insulation furnace body 21 equipped with several
It is equipped with uniform second between 21 inner sidewall of lateral wall and thermal insulation furnace body and accommodates gap 200, annular cover plate 22 passes through welding difference
With external furnace body 11 and the second receiving gap for being fixedly connected with thermal insulation furnace body 21 and the second receiving gap 200 being made to form sealing
200, annular cover plate 22 is equipped with the first air inlet pipe 4, and 21 lateral wall lower end of thermal insulation furnace body is equipped with second exhaust pipe 5, the first air inlet
4 one end of pipe is protruded into the second receiving gap 200, and 4 other end of the first air inlet pipe stretches out outside annular cover plate 22 and is equipped with the second connection
First 41, the first air inlet pipe 4 is connected to by the first connecting tube 61 with downtake pipe 3, and the both ends of the first connecting tube 61 are separately connected
First connector 31 and the second connector 41,5 one end of second exhaust pipe are protruded into the second receiving gap 200, second exhaust pipe 5
The other end stretches out outside thermal insulation furnace body 21 and is equipped with third connector 51, is connected with the second connecting tube 62 on third connector 51；Tool
For body, the first air inlet pipe 4 is arranged on annular cover plate 22, and the second escape pipe is arranged under 21 lateral wall of thermal insulation furnace body
End is easy to make because gas is gentlier easy up to run if being arranged the second escape pipe in 21 lateral wall upper end of thermal insulation furnace body
It obtains second and accommodates 200 underfill of gap less than gas, so that second accommodates the thermal environment unevenness formed in gap 200
It is even, and by the setting of the second escape pipe in 21 lateral wall lower end of thermal insulation furnace body, it can preferably guarantee that high-temperature gas is filling full the
What two receiving gaps 200 were just extruded, using the high-temperature gas constantly generated in inner furnace body 13, between continuous full second accommodates
Gap 200 provides a preferable heat-insulatied slit space, to reduce the heat loss of melting furnace 1；High-temperature gas is passing through second
Accommodate gap 200 after by the second connecting tube 62 drain into gas treatment equipment carry out processing be then exhausted from, sufficiently recycle
The heat that high-temperature gas carries forms a thermal environment；The second connector 41 and third connector 51 in the present embodiment
It is consistent with above-mentioned described 31 use of the first connector, facilitate the installation and replacement of other connecting tubes, because of the height that melting furnace 1 generates
Wet body is usually all the pernicious gas with some impurity, and the more impurity dust of accumulation is easy in the second accommodation space, this
When will be used to convey the delivery pipe of cleaning solution and connect the second connector 41, carry out second and accommodate cleaning inside gap 200, and pass through
Second exhaust pipe 5 is discharged, and can carry out the second receiving gap delivery pipe to be replaced with to the air inlet pipe for being connected with blower after cleaning
Drying inside 200.
The inner wall of thermal insulation furnace body 21 is equipped with first thermal insulation layer 71, is equipped with outside several be set in the second receiving gap 200
Furnace body 11 it is outer and along external furnace body 11 to 21 direction of thermal insulation furnace body be in the ring stainless steel mesh grid 8 being placed equidistant with；Specifically,
One thermal insulation layer 71 can be polyurethane material thermal insulation layer, and polyurethane material has preferable thermal insulation property and waterproof performance, because
This, which can be avoided, has an impact first thermal insulation layer 71 when carry out second is accommodated and washed inside gap 200；It is high in the present embodiment
For wet body when entering the second receiving gap 200, ring stainless steel mesh grid 8 can obtain heat from gas there, and will be certainly
Body becomes pyrotoxin, and the heat for avoiding enter into high-temperature gas in the second receiving gap 200, which does not utilize also, is just directly extruded discharge,
It is further to guarantee that second accommodates the heat insulation effect in gap 200, the mesh grid of stainless steel braided steel wire is used in the present embodiment,
Corrosion resistance is strong, and heat resistance is good, and performance is stablized.
The working principle of the utility model is: the high-temperature gas generated in melting furnace 1 passes through first when melting furnace 1 works
Connecting tube 61 enters second and accommodates in gap 200, gradually fills the second receiving gap 200 and is discharged using the second connecting tube 62,
So that second accommodates the detention space that gap 200 forms high-temperature gas, it is melting furnace 1 using the heat that high-temperature gas carries
A thermal environment is provided, to reduce the thermal loss of melting furnace 1, energy saving reduces cost.
Generally speaking, the utility model is by being arranged a thermal insulation furnace body 21 in the outside of external furnace body 11, in thermal insulation furnace body 21
Second that sealing is formed between 11 outer wall of wall and external furnace body accommodates gap 200, and the high-temperature gas generated in inner furnace body 13 is passed through
First connecting tube 61 is passed through in the second receiving gap 200, so that second accommodates the heat-insulatied slit that high temperature is formed in gap 200, from
And the heat loss of external furnace body 11 is preferably reduced, the thermal insulation material filled in the first receiving gap 100 is incorporated in and is being protected
The first thermal insulation layer 71 that warm 21 inner wall of furnace body is laid with, improves the heat insulation effect of melting furnace 1, to reduce the heat damage of melting furnace 1
It loses, energy saving consumption reduces cost, and transcalent ring stainless steel mesh grid 8 is arranged favorably in the second gap
In preferably accommodating the heat storage of high-temperature gas in gap 200 in second, heat insulation effect is further increased.
Optionally, 21 bottom of thermal insulation furnace body is equipped with the outlet 221 that connection second accommodates gap 200, sets on outlet 221
Have in control valve figure and does not show；Specifically, an outlet 221 is set more convenient for second accommodates the cleaning inside gap 200.
Optionally, 21 lateral wall of thermal insulation furnace body is equipped with second thermal insulation layer 72；Specifically, second thermal insulation layer 72 can be into
The heat insulation effect of the reinforcement melting furnace 1 of one step, second thermal insulation layer 72 can be without the concern for waterproof, therefore can be asbestos insulation
Layer, pearl cotton thermal insulation layer etc., specifically second thermal insulation layer 72 can be spread by glue and be sticked to 21 lateral wall of thermal insulation furnace body.
Optionally, downtake pipe 3 protrudes into one end of receiving cavity 130, the first air inlet pipe 4 protrudes into the second receiving gap
One end that 200 one end and second exhaust pipe 5 protrude into the second receiving gap 200 is funnel-shaped；Specifically, funnel-form has
Conducive to increase air inlet and gas outlet, be more convenient for air inlet and outlet.
Optionally, the bottom of thermal insulation furnace body 21 is equipped with several second support legs 222, and 222 bottom of the second support leg is equipped with rolling
Wheel 223；Specifically, the second support leg 222 can be fixed by welding in 21 bottom of thermal insulation furnace body, and idler wheel 223 can be ten thousand
To wheel, idler wheel 223 can be fixed by screws in the bottom of the second support leg 222, and setting idler wheel 223, the second support leg 222 are more
Add and is placed convenient for the transport of melting furnace 1.
Optionally, outlet 221 is gradually narrowed in 21 inner wall end of thermal insulation furnace body to 21 outer wall end of thermal insulation furnace body；It is specific next
It says, gradually narrowed outlet 221 is in inverted cone shape convenient for the discharge of inside impurity dust when cleaning.
The utility model is described with reference to the preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art know, is not departing from this reality
In the case where with novel spirit and scope, various changes or equivalence replacement can be carried out to these features and embodiment.This reality
It is not limited to the particular embodiment disclosed with novel, other embodiments fallen into claims hereof all belong to
In the range of the utility model protection.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction, it is characterised in that:
Including melting furnace (1) and it is set in the holding furnace (2) of the melting furnace (1) outside, the melting furnace (1) includes external furnace body
(11), lid is located at the bell (12) being fixedly connected on the external furnace body (11) top with the external furnace body (11) and is arranged described
Inner furnace body (13) in external furnace body (11) is equipped with equal between inner furnace body (13) lateral wall and the external furnace body (11) inner sidewall
Even first accommodates gap (100), and described first accommodates filled with thermal insulation material in gap (100), and the inner furnace body (13) is interior
Equipped with receiving cavity (130), the feed inlet (121) for being connected to the receiving cavity (130) is equipped at the top of the bell (12), it is described
Downtake pipe (3) are equipped in the side of the feed inlet (121) at the top of bell (12), described downtake pipe (3) one end is stretched
Enter in the receiving cavity (130), downtake pipe (3) other end stretches out the bell (12) outside and is equipped with the first connection
Head (31)；
The holding furnace (2) includes that the thermal insulation furnace body (21) being set in the external furnace body (11) outside and lid are located at the thermal insulation furnace body
(21) annular cover plate on top (22), external furnace body (11) bottom connect equipped with several with the thermal insulation furnace body (21) interior bottom
The first support leg (111) to offset is touched, is equipped between external furnace body (11) lateral wall and the thermal insulation furnace body (21) inner sidewall
It is uniform second accommodate gap (200), the annular cover plate (22) by welding respectively with the external furnace body (11) and with institute
Thermal insulation furnace body (21) is stated to be fixedly connected and make described second to accommodate the second receiving gap (200) that gap (200) form sealing,
The annular cover plate (22) is equipped with the first air inlet pipe (4), and thermal insulation furnace body (21) the lateral wall lower end is equipped with second exhaust pipe
(5), described first air inlet pipe (4) one end is protruded into described second and is accommodated in gap (200), the first air inlet pipe (4) other end
It stretches out the annular cover plate (22) outside and is equipped with the second connector (41), first air inlet pipe (4) passes through the first connecting tube
(61) it is connected to the downtake pipe (3), the both ends of first connecting tube (61) are separately connected first connector
(31) and second connector (41), described second exhaust pipe (5) one end are protruded into described second and are accommodated in gap (200),
Second exhaust pipe (5) other end stretches out the thermal insulation furnace body (21) outside and is equipped with third connector (51), and the third connects
The second connecting tube (62) are connected on connector (51)；
The inner wall of the thermal insulation furnace body (21) is equipped with first thermal insulation layer (71), and described second accommodates gap (200) if interior be equipped with
It is dry to be set in the external furnace body (11) outside and be in be placed equidistant with to the thermal insulation furnace body (21) direction along the external furnace body (11)
Ring stainless steel mesh grid (8).
2. a kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Thermal insulation furnace body (21) bottom, which is equipped with, is connected to the described second outlet (221) for accommodating gap (200), the outlet
(221) it is equipped with control valve.
3. a kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Thermal insulation furnace body (21) lateral wall is equipped with second thermal insulation layer (72).
4. a kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The downtake pipe (3) protrudes into one end of the receiving cavity (130), first air inlet pipe (4) protrudes into described
One end of two receivings gap (200) and the second exhaust pipe (5) protrude into one end that described second accommodates gap (200)
Funnel-form.
5. a kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The bottom of the thermal insulation furnace body (21) is equipped with several second support legs (222), and the second support leg (222) bottom is equipped with
Idler wheel (223).
6. a kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
The outlet (221) is gradually narrowed in the thermal insulation furnace body (21) inner wall end to thermal insulation furnace body (21) outer wall end.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820805789.1U CN208223168U (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2018-05-28 | A kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820805789.1U CN208223168U (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2018-05-28 | A kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN208223168U true CN208223168U (en) | 2018-12-11 |
Family
ID=64506915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820805789.1U Expired - Fee Related CN208223168U (en) | 2018-05-28 | 2018-05-28 | A kind of metal molten furnace insulation construction |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN208223168U (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109724406A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-07 | 四会市国耀铝业有限公司 | A kind of aluminium melting furnace classification lean-oxygen burner |
| CN110530152A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-03 | 湖南金昊新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of metal molten system and metal molten technique with annular hot gas insulating layer |
| CN111188005A (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2020-05-22 | 江苏益科热处理设备有限公司 | Energy-saving carburizing and quenching multipurpose furnace rear chamber circulating flow guide temperature control system |
| CN112113424A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-22 | 宁国市宏达电炉有限公司 | Energy-saving electric heating furnace for rolling steel |
| CN112404415A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-26 | 云南国钛金属股份有限公司 | Double-layer ladle device and high-temperature material transferring method |
-
2018
- 2018-05-28 CN CN201820805789.1U patent/CN208223168U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109724406A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-05-07 | 四会市国耀铝业有限公司 | A kind of aluminium melting furnace classification lean-oxygen burner |
| CN110530152A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-03 | 湖南金昊新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of metal molten system and metal molten technique with annular hot gas insulating layer |
| CN110530152B (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-30 | 湖南奥科新材料科技有限公司 | Metal melting system with annular hot gas insulation layer and metal melting process |
| CN111188005A (en) * | 2020-02-15 | 2020-05-22 | 江苏益科热处理设备有限公司 | Energy-saving carburizing and quenching multipurpose furnace rear chamber circulating flow guide temperature control system |
| CN112113424A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-22 | 宁国市宏达电炉有限公司 | Energy-saving electric heating furnace for rolling steel |
| CN112404415A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-26 | 云南国钛金属股份有限公司 | Double-layer ladle device and high-temperature material transferring method |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20181211 Termination date: 20190528 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |