CN208221008U - Coaxial polar plate type laser supported pulse plasma thruster - Google Patents

Abstract

A coaxial polar plate type laser supported pulse plasma thruster comprises a laser system, wherein one end of a hollow cylindrical electromagnetic acceleration anode is sealed by a partition plate, one end of a cylindrical electromagnetic acceleration cathode is fixed on the partition plate, the other end of the cylindrical electromagnetic acceleration cathode extends into the electromagnetic acceleration anode, and the electromagnetic acceleration anode and the electromagnetic acceleration cathode are coaxially arranged. A plurality of through holes are uniformly formed in a circumference which is arranged on the isolation plate and takes the center of the electromagnetic acceleration cathode on the isolation plate as the center of a circle, each through hole is communicated with a ceramic tube, the other end of each ceramic tube is far away from the isolation plate and extends outwards, and a solid working medium is arranged at the port of each ceramic tube. The thrust adjustable type hydraulic pump has the advantages of adjustable thrust, high thrust efficiency, high specific impulse and the like.

Description

The pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser is supported

Technical field

It is that microsatellite lifting track, position holding, gesture stability and networking flight etc. mention the utility model relates to one kind Novel thruster more particularly to a kind of utilization laser ablation solid working medium for accurate thrust generate laser ablation plasma, Then the thruster accelerated using electromagnetic field.

Background technique

In recent years, microsatellite is since its is small in size, the lead time is short, transmitting is flexible, at low cost, networking is fast and energy of surviving The advantages that power is strong and gradually receive the most attention of countries in the world, and in communication, navigation, remote sensing of the earth, space exploration, technology Verifying and colleges and universities training etc. fields be widely applied, especially business and military aspect application be even more become the world it is each The emphasis that state competitively develops opens new application field to space technology, becomes the important directions of current Space Science and Technology development One of, it will also become one of the hot spot of the following Space Technology competition.

Based on improve microsatellite working life, complete more complex tasks and reduce space orbit fragment etc. Consider, it is necessary to be equipped with propulsion system for microsatellite.However due to the limitation of microsatellite own vol, weight etc., to its institute The propulsion system of outfit proposes some particular/special requirements: such as: small in size, light weight, long working life, low EMI, at This is low, specific impulse is high etc..Therefore, traditional chemical propulsion is difficult to meet above-mentioned requirements, and electric propulsion system due to having than leaping high, The advantages that thrust is small, light-weight and be expected to the propulsion system as microsatellite.Solid ablation type pulsed plasma thruster (ablative pulsed plasma thruster, APPT) is one kind of electric propulsion system, the course of work are as follows: spark plug Igniting makes the propellant surface of exposure between electrodes induce high temperature discharge electric arc, and high temperature discharge electric arc makes propellant evaporation And ionization, form plasma；Then plasma accelerates to spray under the collective effect of Lorentz force and aerodynamic force, to produce Raw thrust.APPT has that structure is simple, specific impulse is higher and the advantages such as light-weight, becomes the preferential of microsatellite propulsion system Selecting object, therefore, each spacefaring nation have carried out long-term in-depth study to it.

Although APPT has many advantages, such as, since it has the problems such as lag ablation, so that its working medium utilizes The problems such as rate is low, energy utilization efficiency is low and there are plume contaminations.In addition, the problem of there is also plug ignition failure and carbon distributions And performance it is inaccurately controllable the problems such as it is urgently to be resolved.Therefore, prevent the advantage of APPT affects it from being not fully exerted Practical application process.

Utility model content

For working medium utilization rate existing for APPT is low, energy utilization efficiency is low, plug ignition is vulnerable and easy carbon distribution, plumage The problems such as stream pollution and inaccurately controllable performance, herein proposes a kind of pulse plasma thrust body that coaxial polar plate type laser is supported Device.This thruster provided by the utility model have propulsive efficiency high, performance controllable precise and it is adjustable, than leaping high, structure letter Singly, the advantages that high reliablity and plume contamination are small.

In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

A kind of pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser is supported, including laser system, electromagnetism acceleration electrode, Field coil, solid working medium.

It includes that electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism accelerate cathode that electromagnetism, which accelerates electrode, and electromagnetism accelerating anode is by resistance to ablation and to lead Hollow cylindrical structure made of the good metal of electrical property or hollow round table structure are (i.e. close to high temperature resistant isolation board side It is small, the big hollow round table structure in outlet side), it is made of resistance to ablation and the good metal of electric conductivity that electromagnetism, which accelerates cathode, Solid cylindrical configuration.Electromagnetism accelerates cathode setting in electromagnetism accelerating anode and the two is coaxially disposed, and field coil is coated on On the outer wall of electromagnetism accelerating anode, accelerate to generate externally-applied magnetic field between cathode in electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism.Electromagnetism accelerates sun Pole and electromagnetism accelerate cathode connect electromagnetism and accelerate electrode supply to obtain working power, field coil connection field coil power supply with Obtain working power.

Electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode, and electromagnetism accelerates the other end of electrode to be sealed by isolation board, opens on isolation board Accelerate the mounting hole of cathode equipped with Motionless electromagnetic, electromagnetism accelerates one end of cathode to be fixed on isolation board, and the other end protrudes into electromagnetism In accelerating anode.Accelerate to accelerate cathode on the isolation board between cathode and with electromagnetism on isolation board in electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism Center be the center of circle a circumference on be uniformly provided with multiple through-holes, each through-hole respectively with a ceramic tube connection, ceramic tube The other end is protruding far from electromagnetism acceleration electrode and its port is equipped with solid working medium.

The solid working medium in laser beam ablation ceramic tube external port that laser system fires go out generates laser plasma, swashs Light plasma, which sequentially passes through, to be entered electromagnetism after ceramic tube, the through-hole on isolation board and accelerates between cathode, electromagnetism accelerating anode simultaneously Induction generate short pulse electrical discharge arc, short pulse electrical discharge arc make laser plasma heat and further ionize, wait from Daughter accelerates to spray under the collective effect of Lorentz force and aerodynamic force, to generate thrust.

According to the direction of motion for the laser plasma that the incident direction of laser beam and laser beam ablation solid working medium generate It is whether identical, it is divided into reflective and two kinds of forms of transmission-type.

Reflective: the outside that electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode is arranged in laser system, and what laser system fires went out swashs Light beam accelerates the open at one end of electrode incident from electromagnetism, the ceramic tube of a through-hole and the through-hole connection on isolation board, Solid working medium in ablation ceramic tube external port.

Transmission-type: being covered with layer of transparent basal layer on the lateral surface of solid working medium, laser system is arranged in solid working medium Outside, the laser beam that laser system fires go out are incident on transparent base layer, and laser beam passes through ablation solid after transparent base layer Working medium generates laser plasma in turn.

As another technical solution of the utility model, the pulse etc. that reflective coaxial polar plate type laser is supported is also belonged to Gas ions thruster, including laser system, electromagnetism accelerate electrode, field coil, solid working medium.

It includes that electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism accelerate cathode that electromagnetism, which accelerates electrode, and electromagnetism accelerating anode is by resistance to ablation and to lead Hollow cylindrical structure made of the good metal of electrical property or hollow round table structure are (i.e. close to high temperature resistant isolation board side It is small, the big hollow round table structure in outlet side), it is made of resistance to ablation and the good metal of electric conductivity that electromagnetism, which accelerates cathode, Hollow cylindrical structure.Electromagnetism accelerates cathode setting in electromagnetism accelerating anode and the two is coaxially disposed, and field coil is coated on On the outer wall of electromagnetism accelerating anode, accelerate to generate externally-applied magnetic field between cathode in electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism.Electromagnetism accelerates sun Pole and electromagnetism accelerate cathode connect electromagnetism and accelerate electrode supply to obtain working power, field coil connection field coil power supply with Obtain working power.

Electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode, and electromagnetism accelerates the other end of electrode to be sealed by isolation board, opens on isolation board Accelerate the mounting hole of cathode equipped with Motionless electromagnetic, electromagnetism accelerates one end of cathode to be fixed on isolation board, and the other end protrudes into electromagnetism In accelerating anode.Electromagnetism accelerates coaxial sleeve in the internal cavities of cathode that one hollow ceramic pipe, hollow ceramic inner coaxial tube set are housed Equipped with a cylindrical solid working medium.

The outside that electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode is arranged in laser system, and the laser beam that laser system fires go out is from electricity Magnetic accelerates the open at one end of electrode incident, and the solid working medium in ablation ceramic tube generates laser plasma, laser plasma Accelerate between cathode, electromagnetism accelerating anode and induce to generate short pulse electrical discharge arc into electromagnetism, short pulse electrical discharge arc makes Laser plasma is heated and is further ionized, and plasma accelerates spray under the collective effect of Lorentz force and aerodynamic force Out, to generate thrust.

The pulsed plasma thruster that either reflective or transmission-type coaxial polar plate type laser is supported, solid work Matter is respectively connected with solid working substance supply device, and solid working substance supply device provides solid working medium to thruster, to update ablation position It sets, guarantees that there is more identical ablation condition under same laser ablation conditions, so that it is guaranteed that more identical ablation resultant, into And ensure to provide accurately thrust.

Solid working medium described in the utility model can be the high scores such as metals, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and the polyvinyl chloride such as copper and aluminium Sub- polymer and other solid materials that can be easy to store in the space environment and plasma can be generated by laser ablation, institute To need the systems such as propellant tank, valve and pipeline unlike using gas, liquid as the thruster of working medium, therefore, Thruster can be very simple and compact.

The effect of ceramic tube described in the utility model be solid working medium and electromagnetism are accelerated electrode be spaced apart one section away from From, when so that thruster working, electromagnetism accelerates the electrical discharge arc generated between electrode not carry out ablation to solid working medium, thus Ensure that the solid working medium consumed when the every task of thruster is all generated by laser ablation, therefore avoid the generation of lag ablation, This is conducive to the utilization efficiency and propulsive efficiency that improve solid working medium.

The effect of isolation board is to stop laser plasma reflux in the utility model, avoids thrust loss.Because When thruster works, electrical discharge arc can generate near isolation board, therefore isolation board must have the characteristic of high temperature resistant ablation, with This is all generated by laser ablation come the solid working medium consumed when guaranteeing the every task of thruster.Meanwhile isolation board selects insulation material Material, can be avoided electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism accelerates to be connected between cathode.Therefore, isolation board is needed by the exhausted of high temperature resistant ablation Edge material is made, such as ceramics, resurrection glass fibre etc..

Laser system in the utility model includes laser and beam adjustment system.The effect of laser is to thrust Device exports pulse laser, and the laser parameter (such as laser energy, pulsewidth, wavelength, working frequency etc.) of output can pass through control System processed is adjusted, so that the size of propulsive performance is controlled, to complete different mission requirements.Beam adjustment system, which is located at, to swash Nearby, effect is that the laser for emitting laser focuses burn to solid working medium as requested in the front of light device Erosion.For reflective thruster, laser system further includes plume protective device, and plume protective device is located at light beam regulation system System and laser front, effect be stop thruster generate plume, prevent beam adjustment system and laser by The pollution of particle, gas and plasma etc. in plume, to influence its working condition.

The utility model further includes control system and electric power processing system.The control system connects power supply processing system System, laser and beam adjustment system are joined according to the demand of space tasks come output voltage, the laser to each power-consuming component Spot size, position are adjusted after number and focusing, to change the related propulsive performance of thruster.The electric power processing system It connects electromagnetism and accelerates electrode supply, field coil power supply, needed for being provided according to the instruction of control system to each power-consuming component Electric energy.It includes capacitor charging power and capacitor cell that electromagnetism, which accelerates electrode supply, and capacitor charging power connects electricity by conducting wire Hold unit and charge to capacitor cell, the positive and negative terminal of capacitor cell passes through conducting wire and electromagnetism accelerating anode respectively and electromagnetism accelerates yin Pole connection, accelerating electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism between cathode, there are potential differences.By control system to electric power processing system Control can control capacitor charging power output voltage swing, thus change capacitor cell charging size, namely change electricity Magnetic accelerating anode and electromagnetism accelerate the voltage swing between cathode, and then change discharge current size, are finally reached adjustment and promote The effect of performance.Electric power processing system, which can be controlled, by control of the control system to electric power processing system is supplied to field coil The supply voltage size of power supply changes the voltage swing of field coil power supply output, so that the electric current for changing field coil is big It is small, and then change the size of externally-applied magnetic field, to improve the propulsive performance of thruster.

Electromagnetism accelerates pole to connect capacitor cell, and effect is: when electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism accelerate to exist between cathode When certain potential difference, the laser plasma that laser ablation generates move to electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism accelerate cathode it Between when can induced discharge, as the electric current between the two poles of the earth increases, plasma can be heated, and by the further ion of Joule heat Change.Then the electromagnetic force (Lorentz force) that discharge current and self-induction magnetic field generate acts on plasma, makes plasma beam Discharge, to generate thrust.Electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism accelerate the size of the voltage between cathode that can pass through control system pair Electric power processing system controls to adjust the voltage swing of capacitor charging power output, thus change the input of discharge energy, into And change the acceleration effect of plasma, the final propulsive performance for changing thruster.

Compared with the existing technology, the utility model produces following advantageous effects:

1, since ceramic tube avoids the generation of lag ablation, so the solid working medium consumed when the every task of thruster is all It is generated by laser ablation, therefore the quality of single ablation solid working medium can accurately be controlled by control laser.This For APPT, propulsive efficiency and solid working medium utilization rate are improved.

2, due to using short-pulse laser ablation solid working medium to generate plasma, so it is short to accelerate interpolar to generate in electromagnetism The conductive plasma of time, and then obtain the short pulse electric discharge more shorter than traditional PPT.Because can be obtained using short pulse electric discharge The shorter pulsed plasma duration is expected to obtain bigger electric current.Since the power that thruster induction generates depends on Square of electric current, therefore can be expected to improve its propulsive performance.

3, laser ablation can make initial velocity of the plasma derived with several thousand metres/second, relative to tradition For PPT, this also increases propulsive performances.In addition, the plasma with initial velocity is accelerated-, electromagnetically the electricity formed between pole Magnetic force is further speeded up, and is expected to greatly improve propulsive performance.

4, because many solid materials can act as working medium, it can be increased with the range of solid working medium and not need to promote The systems such as agent storage tank, valve and pipeline.Meanwhile the thruster movable part is less, therefore, thruster structure is very simple, can By property height, fast response time.

5, due to that can be realized by control system to laser energy size and each power supply (capacitor charging power and magnetic field Coil power) voltage swing adjusting, so the thruster power consumption, thrust and specific impulse adjustability are higher.

6, replace the plug ignition of tradition PPT with laser ignition, spark plug fouling and cold run problem is not present.

7, solid working medium partial ionization in laser ablation, again can be further when electromagnetism accelerates electric interpolar discharge Ionization, therefore thruster can get higher ionization rate, energy conversion efficiency also correspondinglys increase.

In conclusion the pulsed plasma thruster that the new pattern laser is supported has, structure is simple, propulsive efficiency is high, ratio It leaps high, the advantages that whole property of high reliablity, adjustable thrust is high, plume contamination is small, working medium selection is wide, is expected to the rail for microsatellite Road promoted, position keep, gesture stability and networking flight etc. the accurate thrust of offers, be microsatellite long-time position keep and Maneuvering flight etc. provides feasible thruster.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the pulsed plasma thruster principle signal that a form of reflective coaxial polar plate type laser is supported Figure；

Fig. 2 is the pulsed plasma thruster principle signal that another form of reflective coaxial polar plate type laser is supported Figure；

Fig. 3 is the pulsed plasma thruster schematic illustration that transmission type coaxial polar plate type laser is supported

Figure label:

1, control system；2, electric power processing system；3, field coil power supply；4, capacitor cell；5, capacitor charging power；6, Solid working medium；7, solid working substance supply device；8, ceramic tube；9, isolation board；10, field coil；11, electromagnetism accelerating anode；12, Electromagnetism accelerates cathode；13, laser；14, beam adjustment system；15, plume protective device；16, transparent base layer.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the utility model embodiment figure, to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model into Row clearly and completely describes, and is described in further details, but do not limit the protection scope of the utility model according to this.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 provide the pulsed plasma thruster that three kinds of coaxial polar plate type laser are supported, wherein scheming 1 is the pulsed plasma thruster schematic illustration that a form of reflective coaxial polar plate type laser is supported, Fig. 2 is another The pulsed plasma thruster schematic illustration that the reflective coaxial polar plate type laser of kind form is supported, Fig. 3 is that transmission-type is same The pulsed plasma thruster schematic illustration that axis polar plate type laser is supported.

Introduce the pulsed plasma thruster that reflective coaxial polar plate type laser is supported shown in Fig. 1 first below. It includes control system 1, electric power processing system 2, field coil power supply 3, capacitor cell 4, capacitor charging power 5, solid working medium 6, solid working substance supply device 7, ceramic tube 8, isolation board 9, field coil 10, electromagnetism accelerating anode 11, electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12, Laser 13, beam adjustment system 14 and plume protective device 15.

Electromagnetism accelerates electrode to accelerate cathode 12 to form by electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism, and electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 is by resistance to Hollow cylindrical structure made of ablation and the good metal of electric conductivity or hollow round table structure are (i.e. close to high-temperature insulation Isolation board side it is small, the big hollow round table structure in outlet side), electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 be by resistance to ablation and electric conductivity it is good Solid cylindrical configuration made of good metal.Electromagnetism accelerates the setting of cathode 12 in electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and the two is coaxially set Set, field coil 10 is coated on the outer wall of electromagnetism accelerating anode 11, electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 it Between generate externally-applied magnetic field.Electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 to connect electromagnetism and accelerate electrode supply to obtain work electricity Source, field coil 10 connect field coil power supply 3 to obtain working power.It includes electricity that electromagnetism, which accelerates electrode supply, in the present embodiment Capacity charge power supply 5 and capacitor cell 4, capacitor charging power 5 connect capacitor cell 4 by conducting wire and charge to capacitor cell 4, The positive and negative terminal of capacitor cell 4 passes through conducting wire respectively and accelerates cathode 12 to connect with electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism, accelerates electromagnetism There are potential differences between anode 11 and electromagnetism acceleration cathode 12.

The control system 1 connects electric power processing system 2, laser 13 and beam adjustment system 14, appoints according to space The demand of business come to each power-consuming component output voltage, spot size, position are adjusted after laser parameter and focusing, thus Change the related propulsive performance of thruster.The electric power processing system 2 connects capacitor charging power 5, field coil power supply 3, presses Instruction according to control system 1 provides required electric energy to each power-consuming component.By control system 1 to electric power processing system 2 Control can control the voltage swing of the output of capacitor charging power 5, to change the charging size of capacitor cell 4, namely change Electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism accelerate the voltage swing between cathode 12, and then change discharge current size, are finally reached tune The effect of whole propulsive performance.Electric power processing system 2 can be controlled by control of the control system 1 to electric power processing system 2 to provide To the supply voltage size of field coil power supply 3, change the voltage swing of the field coil power supply 3 output, to change magnetic field The size of current of coil 10, and then change the size of externally-applied magnetic field, to improve the propulsive performance of thruster.

Laser 13 exports pulse laser, and laser 13 connect with control system 1, the laser parameter that exports (such as it is sharp Light energy, pulsewidth, wavelength, working frequency etc.) it can be adjusted by control system 1, so that the size of propulsive performance is controlled, To complete different mission requirements.Beam adjustment system 14 is located at the front of laser 13 nearby, beam adjustment system 14 It is connect with control system 1, effect is that the laser for emitting laser 13 is focused according to the requirement of control system 1 to solid Working medium carries out ablation.Plume protective device 15 is located at the front of beam adjustment system 14 and laser 13, and effect is to stop The plume that thruster generates, prevents beam adjustment system 14 and laser 13 by particle, gas and plasma in plume Deng pollution, to influence its working condition.

Electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode, and electromagnetism accelerates the other end of electrode to be sealed by isolation board 9, in isolation board 9 Center offers the mounting hole that Motionless electromagnetic accelerates cathode 12, and electromagnetism accelerates one end of cathode 12 to be fixed on isolation board 9, The other end protrudes into electromagnetism accelerating anode 11.Accelerate on the isolation board 9 between cathode 12 in electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism and Accelerate the center of cathode 1 to be uniformly provided with multiple through-holes on a circumference in the center of circle using electromagnetism on isolation board 9, each through-hole is distinguished With 8 connection of a ceramic tube, the other end of ceramic tube 8 accelerates that electrode is protruding and its port is equipped with solid working medium far from electromagnetism 6.Solid working medium 6 is connected with solid working substance supply device 7, and solid working substance supply device 7 provides solid working medium 6 to thruster, with Ablation position is updated, guarantees that there is more identical ablation condition under same laser ablation conditions, so that it is guaranteed that more identical Ablation resultant, and then ensure to provide accurately thrust.

The outside that electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode is arranged in laser system, and the laser beam that laser system fires go out is from electricity Magnetic accelerates the open at one end of electrode incident, the ceramic tube 8 of a through-hole and the through-hole connection on isolation board 9, ablation pottery Solid working medium 6 in 8 external port of porcelain tube generates laser plasma, and laser plasma sequentially passes through ceramic tube 8, isolation board 9 On through-hole after enter electromagnetism accelerating anode 11, electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 between and induce generate short pulse electrical discharge arc, short arteries and veins Impulse electricity electric arc heats laser plasma and further ionizes, and plasma is common Lorentz force and aerodynamic force Effect is lower to be accelerated to spray, to generate thrust.

Introduce the pulsed plasma thruster that reflective coaxial polar plate type laser shown in Fig. 2 is supported first below. It includes control system 1, electric power processing system 2, field coil power supply 3, capacitor cell 4, capacitor charging power 5, solid working medium 6, solid working substance supply device 7, ceramic tube 8, isolation board 9, field coil 10, electromagnetism accelerating anode 11, electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12, Laser 13, beam adjustment system 14 and plume protective device 15.

Electromagnetism accelerates electrode to accelerate cathode 12 to form by electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism, and electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 is by resistance to Hollow cylindrical structure made of ablation and the good metal of electric conductivity or hollow round table structure are (i.e. close to high-temperature insulation Isolation board side it is small, the big hollow round table structure in outlet side), electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 be by resistance to ablation and electric conductivity it is good Hollow cylindrical structure made of good metal.Electromagnetism accelerates the setting of cathode 12 in electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and the two is coaxially set Set, field coil 10 is coated on the outer wall of electromagnetism accelerating anode 11, electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 it Between generate externally-applied magnetic field.Electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 to connect electromagnetism and accelerate electrode supply to obtain work electricity Source, field coil 10 connect field coil power supply 3 to obtain working power.

Electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode, and electromagnetism accelerates the other end of electrode to be sealed by isolation board 9, on isolation board 9 The mounting hole that Motionless electromagnetic accelerates cathode 12 is offered, electromagnetism accelerates one end of cathode 12 to be fixed on isolation board 9, and the other end is stretched Enter in electromagnetism accelerating anode 11.Electromagnetism accelerates coaxial sleeve in the internal cavities of cathode 12 that one hollow ceramic pipe 8, hollow ceramic are housed Coaxial sleeve is equipped with a cylindrical solid working medium 6 in pipe 8.The outer end of solid working medium 6 is connected with solid working substance supply device 7, Gu Body working substance supply device 7 provides solid working medium 6 to thruster and guarantees have under same laser ablation conditions to update ablation position There is more identical ablation condition, so that it is guaranteed that more identical ablation resultant, and then ensure to provide accurately thrust.

The outside that electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode is arranged in laser system, and the laser beam that laser system fires go out is from electricity Magnetic accelerates the open at one end of electrode incident, and the solid working medium 6 in ablation ceramic tube 8 generates laser plasma, laser plasma Body enters electromagnetism accelerating anode 11, electromagnetism accelerates between cathode 12 and induces generation short pulse electrical discharge arc, short pulse electric discharge electricity Arc heats laser plasma and further ionizes, and plasma adds under the collective effect of Lorentz force and aerodynamic force Speed sprays, to generate thrust.

Introduce the pulsed plasma thruster that the parallel polar form laser of transmission-type shown in Fig. 3 is supported first below.Its Including control system 1, electric power processing system 2, field coil power supply 3, capacitor cell 4, capacitor charging power 5, solid working medium 6, Solid working substance supply device 7, ceramic tube 8, isolation board 9, field coil 10, electromagnetism accelerating anode 11, electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12, swash Light device 13, beam adjustment system 14 and transparent base layer 16.

Electromagnetism accelerates electrode to accelerate cathode 12 to form by electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism, and electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 is by resistance to Hollow cylindrical structure made of ablation and the good metal of electric conductivity or hollow round table structure are (i.e. close to high-temperature insulation Isolation board side it is small, the big hollow round table structure in outlet side), electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 be by resistance to ablation and electric conductivity it is good Solid cylindrical configuration made of good metal.Electromagnetism accelerates the setting of cathode 12 in electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and the two is coaxially set Set, field coil 10 is coated on the outer wall of electromagnetism accelerating anode 11, electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 it Between generate externally-applied magnetic field.Electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism accelerate cathode 12 to connect electromagnetism and accelerate electrode supply to obtain work electricity Source, field coil 10 connect field coil power supply 3 to obtain working power.It includes electricity that electromagnetism, which accelerates electrode supply, in the present embodiment Capacity charge power supply 5 and capacitor cell 4, capacitor charging power 5 connect capacitor cell 4 by conducting wire and charge to capacitor cell 4, The positive and negative terminal of capacitor cell 4 passes through conducting wire respectively and accelerates cathode 12 to connect with electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism, accelerates electromagnetism There are potential differences between anode 11 and electromagnetism acceleration cathode 12.

The control system 1 connects electric power processing system 2, laser 13 and beam adjustment system 14, appoints according to space The demand of business come to each power-consuming component output voltage, spot size, position are adjusted after laser parameter and focusing, thus Change the related propulsive performance of thruster.The electric power processing system 2 connects capacitor charging power 5, field coil power supply 3, presses Instruction according to control system 1 provides required electric energy to each power-consuming component.By control system 1 to electric power processing system 2 Control can control the voltage swing of the output of capacitor charging power 5, to change the charging size of capacitor cell 4, namely change Electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism accelerate the voltage swing between cathode 12, and then change discharge current size, are finally reached tune The effect of whole propulsive performance.Electric power processing system 2 can be controlled by control of the control system 1 to electric power processing system 2 to provide To the supply voltage size of field coil power supply 3, change the voltage swing of the field coil power supply 3 output, to change magnetic field The size of current of coil 10, and then change the size of externally-applied magnetic field, to improve the propulsive performance of thruster.

Laser 13 exports pulse laser, and laser 13 connect with control system 1, the laser parameter that exports (such as it is sharp Light energy, pulsewidth, wavelength, working frequency etc.) it can be adjusted by control system, so that the size of propulsive performance is controlled, To complete different mission requirements.Beam adjustment system 14 is located at the front of laser 13 nearby, beam adjustment system 14 It is connect with control system 1, effect is that the laser for emitting laser 13 is focused according to the requirement of control system to solid Working medium carries out ablation.

Electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode, and electromagnetism accelerates the other end of electrode to be sealed by isolation board 9, in isolation board 9 Center offers the mounting hole that Motionless electromagnetic accelerates cathode 12, and electromagnetism accelerates one end of cathode 12 to be fixed on isolation board 9, The other end protrudes into electromagnetism accelerating anode 11.Accelerate on the isolation board 9 between cathode 12 in electromagnetism accelerating anode 11 and electromagnetism and Accelerate the center of cathode 1 to be uniformly provided with multiple through-holes on a circumference in the center of circle using electromagnetism on isolation board 9, each through-hole is distinguished With 8 connection of a ceramic tube, the other end of ceramic tube 8 accelerates that electrode is protruding and its port is equipped with solid working medium far from electromagnetism 6.Solid working medium 6 is connected with solid working substance supply device 7, and solid working substance supply device 7 provides solid working medium 6 to thruster, with Ablation position is updated, guarantees that there is more identical ablation condition under same laser ablation conditions, so that it is guaranteed that more identical Ablation resultant, and then ensure to provide accurately thrust.

Layer of transparent basal layer 16 is covered on the lateral surface of solid working medium 6, laser system is arranged outside solid working medium 6 Side, the laser beam that laser system fires go out are incident on transparent base layer 16, and ablation is solid after laser beam passes through transparent base layer 16 Body working medium 6 and then generation laser plasma.Laser plasma enters after sequentially passing through ceramic tube 8, the through-hole on isolation board 9 Electromagnetism accelerating anode 11, electromagnetism accelerate between cathode 12 and induce to generate short pulse electrical discharge arc, and short pulse electrical discharge arc makes Laser plasma is heated and is further ionized, and plasma accelerates spray under the collective effect of Lorentz force and aerodynamic force Out, to generate thrust.

Solid working medium 6 and transparent base layer 16 are very thin, and generally tens microns, but the thickness of the two is not identical, and it is transparent The thickness of basal layer 16 should be small as far as possible on the basis of guarantee is not worn by laser ablation, and the thickness of solid working medium 6 should take Certainly when specifically used solid working medium, solid working medium difference, thickness is different, but basic principle is guaranteed by laser ablation It wears.

Transparent base layer 16 need to be using resistance to laser ablation and the good transparent material of translucency, such as poly terephthalic acid second two Rouge (PET) film, cellulose acetate, polyimides etc., this be in order to reduce transparent base layer 16 to the absorption of laser energy with Guarantee that most laser energies are used to ablation solid working medium, while also guaranteeing that transparent base layer is not ablated and wearing, this side Face can prevent pollution of the laser ablation product to focusing system and pulse laser, to influence their normal operation；It is another Aspect can also allow transparent base layer 16 to generate effect of contraction to laser ablation, thus can be further improved the pushability of thruster Energy.

The effect of solid working substance supply device 7 is to provide solid working medium to thruster, to update ablation position, is guaranteed identical There is same ablation condition under laser ablation conditions, so that it is guaranteed that almost the same ablation resultant, and then ensure to provide accurate Thrust.Meanwhile solid working substance supply device 7 can simultaneously be updated transparent base layer 16 and solid working medium 6, such energy Guarantee that energy when laser passes through transparent base layer 16 every time is identical, also can prevent laser from repeatedly passing through transparent base layer 16 and leading Its ablated perforation is caused, so that Pollution protection cannot be played the role of and generate constraint to laser ablation.

Although so it is not limited to practical in conclusion the utility model has been disclosed with preferred embodiment as above It is novel, any those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, when can make it is various change with Retouching, therefore the protection scope of the utility model is subject to the range defined depending on claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser is supported, it is characterised in that: including laser system, electromagnetism Accelerate electrode, field coil, solid working medium；It includes that electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism accelerate cathode that electromagnetism, which accelerates electrode, and electromagnetism adds Fast anode is hollow cylindrical structure or hollow round table structure made of resistance to ablation and electric conductivity good metal, electromagnetism Accelerating cathode is the solid cylindrical configuration made of resistance to ablation and electric conductivity good metal；Electromagnetism accelerates cathode setting to exist In electromagnetism accelerating anode and the two is coaxially disposed, and field coil is coated on the outer wall of electromagnetism accelerating anode, accelerates sun in electromagnetism Pole and electromagnetism accelerate to generate externally-applied magnetic field between cathode；Electromagnetism accelerating anode accelerates cathode to connect electromagnetism and accelerates electrode electricity with electromagnetism To obtain working power, field coil connects field coil power supply to obtain working power in source；

Electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode, and electromagnetism accelerates the other end of electrode to be sealed by isolation board, offers on isolation board Motionless electromagnetic accelerates the mounting hole of cathode, and electromagnetism accelerates one end of cathode to be fixed on isolation board, and the other end protrudes into electromagnetism acceleration In anode；Accelerate to accelerate in cathode on the isolation board between cathode and with electromagnetism on isolation board in electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism The heart be the center of circle a circumference on be uniformly provided with multiple through-holes, each through-hole respectively with a ceramic tube connection, ceramic tube it is another Holding separate electromagnetism to accelerate, electrode is protruding and its port is equipped with solid working medium；

The solid working medium in laser beam ablation ceramic tube external port that laser system fires go out generates laser plasma, laser etc. Gas ions, which sequentially pass through, to be entered electromagnetism after ceramic tube, the through-hole on isolation board and accelerates between cathode, electromagnetism accelerating anode and induce Short pulse electrical discharge arc is generated, short pulse electrical discharge arc heats laser plasma and further ionizes, plasma Accelerate to spray under the collective effect of Lorentz force and aerodynamic force, to generate thrust.

2. the pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser according to claim 1 is supported, it is characterised in that: institute It states laser system and the outside that electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode is set, the laser beam that laser system fires go out accelerates from electromagnetism The open at one end of electrode is incident, the ceramic tube of a through-hole and the through-hole connection on isolation board, ablation ceramic tube outer end Solid working medium on mouth.

3. the pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser according to claim 2 is supported, it is characterised in that: institute Stating laser system includes laser, beam adjustment system and plume protective device, beam adjustment system be located at laser just before Side, plume protective device are located at the front of beam adjustment system.

4. the pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser according to claim 1 is supported, it is characterised in that: Gu Layer of transparent basal layer is covered on the lateral surface of body working medium, laser system is arranged on the outside of solid working medium, laser system fires Laser beam out is incident on transparent base layer, and laser beam passes through ablation solid working medium and then generation laser etc. after transparent base layer Gas ions.

5. the pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser according to claim 4 is supported, it is characterised in that: institute Stating laser system includes laser, beam adjustment system, and beam adjustment system is located at the front of laser.

6. the pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser according to claim 4 is supported, it is characterised in that: thoroughly Bright basal layer uses two membrane of lipoprotein of poly terephthalic acid second, cellulose acetate film or Kapton.

7. the pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser is supported according to claim 2,3,4,5 or 6, special Sign is: further include control system and electric power processing system, the control system connection electric power processing system, laser and Beam adjustment system.

8. the pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser according to claim 7 is supported, it is characterised in that: institute It states electric power processing system connection electromagnetism and accelerates electrode supply, field coil power supply；

It includes capacitor charging power and capacitor cell that electromagnetism, which accelerates electrode supply, and capacitor charging power connects capacitor by conducting wire Unit simultaneously charges to capacitor cell, and the positive and negative terminal of capacitor cell passes through conducting wire and electromagnetism accelerating anode respectively and electromagnetism accelerates cathode Connection, accelerating electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism between cathode, there are potential differences；

The voltage swing that capacitor charging power output can be controlled the control of electric power processing system by control system, to change Become the voltage swing that capacitor cell charges between size, namely change electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism acceleration cathode, and then changes Discharge current size；

Electric power processing system can be controlled to the control of electric power processing system by control system and be supplied to field coil power supply Supply voltage size changes the voltage swing of field coil power supply output, to change the size of current of field coil, in turn Change the size of externally-applied magnetic field.

9. the pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser according to claim 1 is supported, it is characterised in that: institute Isolation board is stated to be made of the insulating materials of high temperature resistant ablation.

10. a kind of pulsed plasma thruster that coaxial polar plate type laser is supported, it is characterised in that: including laser system, electricity Magnetic accelerates electrode, field coil, solid working medium；

It includes that electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism accelerate cathode that electromagnetism, which accelerates electrode, and electromagnetism accelerating anode is by resistance to ablation and electric conductivity Hollow cylindrical structure or hollow round table structure made of the good metal of energy, it is by resistance to ablation and conduction that electromagnetism, which accelerates cathode, Hollow cylindrical structure made of metal of good performance；Electromagnetism accelerates cathode setting in electromagnetism accelerating anode and the two is coaxial Setting, field coil are coated on the outer wall of electromagnetism accelerating anode, accelerate to generate between cathode in electromagnetism accelerating anode and electromagnetism Externally-applied magnetic field；Electromagnetism accelerating anode accelerates cathode to connect electromagnetism acceleration electrode supply to obtain working power, magnetic field line with electromagnetism Circle connection field coil power supply is to obtain working power；

Electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode, and electromagnetism accelerates the other end of electrode to be sealed by isolation board, offers on isolation board Motionless electromagnetic accelerates the mounting hole of cathode, and electromagnetism accelerates one end of cathode to be fixed on isolation board, and the other end protrudes into electromagnetism acceleration In anode；Electromagnetism accelerates coaxial sleeve in the internal cavities of cathode that one hollow ceramic pipe is housed, and hollow ceramic inner coaxial tube is set with One cylindrical solid working medium；

The outside that electromagnetism accelerates the open at one end of electrode is arranged in laser system, and the laser beam that laser system fires go out adds from electromagnetism The open at one end of fast electrode is incident, and the solid working medium in ablation ceramic tube generates laser plasma, and laser plasma enters Electromagnetism accelerates between cathode, electromagnetism accelerating anode and induces to generate short pulse electrical discharge arc, and short pulse electrical discharge arc makes laser Plasma heating simultaneously further ionizes, and plasma accelerates to spray under the collective effect of Lorentz force and aerodynamic force, from And generate thrust.