CN208218893U - A kind of efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of process units of direct reduced iron, specifically disclose a kind of efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace, the coal base shaft furnace includes feeding machanism, furnace body and discharge mechanism, the furnace body includes at least one reduction unit, and each reduction unit is restored room by one and formed set on two combustion chambers of reduction room two sides.The utility model solves the problems such as existing coal base shaft furnace unstable product quality, energy consumption are high, converter life is short, high production cost, the small size of capacity, can be realized promotion reduction efficiency, improves production scale, increases the beneficial effects such as converter life.

Description

A kind of efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace

Technical field

The utility model belongs to the process units field of direct reduced iron, is related to a kind of coal-based direct reduction shaft furnace, specifically Disclose a kind of efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace.

Background technique

So-called coal base shaft furnace be miberal powder is made to pelletizing or lump ore mixed according to a certain percentage with reducing agent after from furnace body Reduction room is added in top, and pelletizing is reduced into sponge iron, the process units being discharged after cooling from bottom through muffle heating.

The Direct Reduction Technology of production sponge iron has a gas base and coal base two major classes both at home and abroad at present, gas base technology more at It is ripe, but big complex process is invested, it is suitble to natural gas than more rich area.For lacking the ground of natural gas and rich coal resources Area is suitble to coal base.Coal-based Direct Reduction Technologies in the prior art mainly have kiln process, rotary hearth furnace method, tunnel oven etc..This is several Kind of technology is because the characteristics of technique itself, and there are different degrees of unstable product quality, energy consumption is high, converter life is short, produces It at high cost, the problems such as size of capacity is small, operating environment is poor, is not promoted on a large scale.

Newly occurred several coal base shaft furnace process technologies in recent years, it is entitled with Patent No. CN200620095509.X The patent of interior external heat vertical passway reduction furnace and Patent No. CN201310056022.5, a kind of entitled coal base is directly also For the two pieces patent of former iron shaft furnace, this two kinds small-scale coal-based direct reduction shaft furnaces, there are following technology limitations:

CN200620095509.X is that several independent reductive jars are arranged in a big combustion chamber, and reductive jar is circle Or ellipse, temperature, which is difficult equal control, leads to tank body uneven heating unstable product quality, and each tank of tank body limited amount Size is smaller to cause production capacity to be limited, therefore is unable to large-scale production.

The reduction chamber of patent CN201310056022.5 and CN200620095509.X are narrower and high absolute construction, Structural stability is bad, and especially when material is filled with larger side-thrust along with high temperature, tank body material intensity itself declines, very It is easy to cause that reductive jar or reduction cavity dumping, the damage phenomenon such as bulge, crack, fall brick；

The pelletizing and reducing agent that the reduction of patent CN201310056022.5 and CN200620095509.X are intracavitary can only lead to Itself heat transfer is crossed, due to being the more thermal coefficient very little in loosely-packed gap, the heating of center material is very slow, and reduction is caused not filled Divide unstable quality, and recovery time long reduction efficiency low yield can reduce the energy consumption increase of unit product.

Utility model content

In order to solve existing coal-based direct reduction there are unstable product quality, energy consumption is high, converter life is short, production cost High, the problems such as size of capacity is small, the utility model provides a kind of efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace.

Efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace technology scheme described in the utility model specifically includes that feeding machanism, furnace body and material discharging machine Structure, the feeding machanism are located at the top of furnace body, and discharge mechanism is located at bottom of furnace body；The furnace body includes that at least one reduction is single Member, each reduction unit include a reduction room 3 and two combustion chambers 8, and two combustion chambers 8 are respectively placed in reduction 3 two sides of room.

In coal base shaft furnace described in the utility model each reduction unit can independent operating, each reduction unit can be according to required life Product demand is produced, different temperature is controlled, meets the needs for producing multiple product simultaneously in same coal base shaft furnace, solves existing Technology can only produce a kind of defect of product simultaneously.

Further, when the failure of some reduction unit needs repairing, other units can produce not by shadow as usual It rings, solves in coal base shaft furnace described in the prior art, when a certain component needs repairing, what entire shaft furnace required to stop production is asked Topic.Furthermore reduction unit can need permutation and combination according to production capacity, solve the problems, such as that prior art production capacity is limited.

Preferably, it is equipped with the thermally conductive beam 5 of an at least row in the reduction room 3, the adjacent thermally conductive beam of two rows is submitted in the horizontal direction Mistake arrangement.According to the height of reduction room and length difference, also different, the neighbouring two rows of the number of rows and columns of corresponding thermally conductive beam Thermally conductive beam interlaced arrangement in the horizontal direction.The thermally conductive beam can quickly reach the heat of combustion chamber in reduction room material The heart, increase heat exchange area, improve 30% or more heat exchange efficiency, while thermally conductive beam up and down interlaced arrangement be conducive to material uniformly by Heat solves the prior art and conducts heat by bulk material itself, unstable product quality production caused by the heating slowly of center material The problem of inefficiency.The heat-conduction wall for restoring room two sides is connected into an entirety by thermally conductive beam, enhances the whole steady of reduction room It is qualitative, be conducive to furnace body longevity.

Preferably, each combustion chamber 8 is surrounded by heat-conduction wall 4 and wall with flues 9, is thermally conductive close to coal base reduction shaft furnace room side Wall 4 is wall with flues 9 far from coal base reduction shaft furnace room side.It is separated by can be improved using heat-conduction wall 4 between combustion chamber and reduction room and leads The thermal efficiency, heat transfer can be reduced by being separated by between combustion chamber and far from reduction room side using wall with flues 9, reduce heat energy loss, Reach energy-saving and environment-friendly purpose.

Preferably, when the reduction unit quantity is greater than 1, the adjacent combustion chamber 8 of two reduction units shares a face wall with flues 9. Materials, save the cost can be reduced by sharing a face wall with flues.8 cross section of each combustion chamber is in rectangle, length-width ratio > 2.

Preferably, the reduction room 3 is equipped with coal gas and collects hole 6, connects the coal gas collection conduit 7 outside furnace body；It is described Coal gas collects hole 6 and restores the coal gas of indoor generation by collecting, and is transported to combustion chamber via coal gas collection conduit 7, for burning Room is as fuel.The collection conduit 7 can connect multiple reduction rooms.

Preferably, the 3 upper and lower part width of reduction room is equal, or is set as up-narrow and down-wide pyramidal structure or step Structure.The width for restoring 3 upper and lower part of room is adjustable, and upper and lower part can be designed to equal wide or up-narrow and down-wide band There are certain taper or step, using one of up-narrow and down-wide taper, horn structure or terraced structure or a variety of, avoids Hanging and furnace wall swelling and cracking caused by the side-thrust generated by material expanded by heating, are conducive to the unobstructed whereabouts of material and furnace body It is long-lived.

Preferably, the cross section of the reduction room 3 is in rectangle.The rectangular section design, it is fast to be conducive to reduction room center It is long that speed heating and length are longer than reductive jar described in existing patent, and production capacity can be improved, be also possible to be made into close to square herein Shape, but rectangle is best.Heat-conduction wall between the reduction room and combustion chamber is set as up-narrow and down-wide structure, resistance to using high thermal conductivity Material is ground, occlusion closely avoids gas leakage.

Preferably, the combustion chamber 8 is equipped with several staggered quirks 17, burner 11, at least one air nozzle 12 With flue 13.It is provided with several row of horizontal quirk bricks 10 in 8 short transverse of combustion chamber, combustion chamber is separated into several layers and is mutually connected Logical " Z " font quirk 17 makes the temperature field of combustion chamber more evenly, and extends the heat-exchange time of high-temperature flue gas and heat-conduction wall, has Conducive to stable product quality and heat utilization rate is improved, stock gas, which is fully utilized, reduces discharge and outer for gas quantity, It is good for the environment and reduces cost.Being provided with for air nozzle is conducive to control combustion chamber temperature equalization, and is conducive to fuel Full combustion utilize.

Burner 11 is set to combustion chamber cavity top or any position close to top, and present position pair has with burning direction It influences, when burner 11 is located at combustion chamber top, burning direction from top to bottom, when burner 11 is located at combustion chamber lower part, burns Direction is from the bottom to top.

It is corresponded between the burner and flue at each quirk, is respectively equipped at least one air nozzle 12, the furnace of collection The combustion gas of top coal gas and pipeline supplement according to preheating and is gone back by the way that primary combustion is not finished behind the entrance of burner 11 combustion chamber Former temperature needs to be incorporated suitable air by air nozzle 12, achievees the purpose that the temperature control that burns step by step.

The high-temperature flue gas that the combustion gas of stock gas or the pipeline supplement of collection generates after being burnt by burner 11 is along quirk 17 Flowing "Z"-shaped is most discharged through flue 13 afterwards.

The flue 13 is set to combustion chamber cavity lower part or any position close to lower part, allows high-temperature flue gas smooth Discharge, when burning from up to down, flue is in the lower part of combustion chamber, until top of the flue in combustion chamber when lower upward burning.

Preferably, several quirks are staggered in Z-shaped in the combustion chamber.

Preferably, the feeding machanism includes: charging vehicle 1 and at least one loading hopper 2, and the loading hopper 2 is set to reduction 3 top of room.Upper of furnace body be equipped with moveable charging vehicle 1, between charging vehicle and furnace body according to reduction room length every 0.8 to 3 meters can be placed equidistant with several loading hoppers 2, the mixture of the pelletizing prepared according to a certain percentage, lump ore and reducing agent, from charging vehicle At the uniform velocity feed enters reduction room 3 by loading hopper.

Preferably, each loading hopper 2 equidistant arrangement above reduction room 3.Equidistant arrangement is conducive to material in reduction room Interior uniform pan feeding, and be conducive to each position material and sufficiently react.

It preferably, further include several cooling jackets 14, each 3 bottom of room that restores is respectively equipped with cooling jacket 14, and described cold But water jacket 14 restores room bottom one week around corresponding.The high-temperature material of completion reduction, can be cold by being discharged after cooling jacket cooling But to 200 DEG C or less cold discharges, it can also be cooled to " 400~800 DEG C " hot discharge, cooling capacity can design as needed.

Preferably, the discharge mechanism includes material discharging machine 15 and conveyer 16, and the material discharging machine 15 is set to the cooling water 14 bottoms are covered, the conveyer 16 is set to 15 bottom of material discharging machine.

Material discharging machine is driven by speed regulating motor, and discharge velocity can according to need adjustment, if it is the pelletizing for being easier to reduction, institute It needs the recovery time short, discharge velocity can be tuned up, opposite speed can slow down.

If discharge is hot discharge, material discharging machine needs band water cooling plant.

If it is cold discharge, belt conveyor 16 is arranged in material discharging machine lower part, and sponge iron after reducing material output screening is filled Bag or briquetting；If it is hot discharge, chain scraper conveyor 16 is arranged in material discharging machine lower part, and sponge iron after reducing material heat outputting sieve is straight Connect use.

Preferably, the reduction room 3 is 0.2 to 1 meter wide, 2 to 15 meters long, 5 to 20 meters high.Specific size can be according to design need It adjusts.According to the reduction chamber size, a reduction room is equivalent to the charging of 2~15 existing coal base reduction shaft furnace tanks It measures, production capacity also obtains 2~15 times of raising under identical material and heat transfer condition.

Preferably, the heat-conduction wall 4 combines carbon using silicon nitride combined silicon carbide, Silicon oxynitride bonded silicon carbide, match dragon One of SiClx, nitrate nitroge, compound phase silicon carbide or a variety of highly heat-conductive materials are built.

Restoring room two sides is heat-conduction wall 4, and silicon nitride combined silicon carbide, Silicon oxynitride bonded silicon carbide, match dragon knot can be used The highly heat-conductive materials such as silicon carbide, nitrate nitroge, compound phase silicon carbide are closed to build.Above-mentioned thermally conductive beam 5 and heat-conduction wall 4 Material is identical.Using highly heat-conductive material, the heat of combustion chamber can quickly be reached reduction room material center by thermally conductive beam, increased and changed Heat area improves 30% or more heat exchange efficiency, while interlaced arrangement is conducive to material thermally equivalent to thermally conductive beam up and down, solves existing There is technology bulk material itself heat transfer, unstable product quality caused by the heating slowly of center material, production efficiency is low to ask Topic.The heat-conduction wall for restoring room two sides is connected into an entirety by thermally conductive beam, is enhanced the overall stability of reduction room, is conducive to furnace Body is long-lived.

Preferably, the wall with flues 9 is built by clayey or high aluminium material.9 brick of wall with flues and quirk brick 10 are according to difference The materials such as clay, high alumina can be used in temperature section, and being separated by between combustion chamber and combustion chamber with wall with flues is not have to heat transfer because of between, use High alumina or clay brick do wall with flues can reduce between heat transfer, be conducive to the temperature between each unit and be independent of each other and can reduce Cost.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of coal base shaft furnace embodiment described in the utility model；

Fig. 2 is coal base reduction shaft furnace room described in the utility model embodiment the schematic diagram of the section structure；

Fig. 3 is coal base shaft furnace combustion chamber described in the utility model embodiment the schematic diagram of the section structure.

Appended drawing reference:

1 is charging vehicle；2 be loading hopper；3 be reduction room；4 be heat-conduction wall；5 be thermally conductive beam；6 collect hole for coal gas；7 be coal Gas collection conduit；8 be combustion chamber；9 be wall with flues；10 be quirk brick；11 be burner；12 be air nozzle；13 be flue；14 be cold But water jacket；15 be material discharging machine；16 be conveyer；17 be quirk.

Specific embodiment

It is right now in conjunction with attached drawing by the way of specific embodiment in order to be easier to understand technical solutions of the utility model Clear, complete description that the technical solution of the utility model carries out.It should be noted that embodiment described herein is only that this is practical new The section Example of type, rather than whole implementations of the utility model, the embodiment only have it is exemplary, effect be only The mode for understanding that the content of the present invention is more simple and clear is provided for auditor and the public, rather than to described in the utility model The limitation of technical solution.Without departing from the concept of the premise utility, all those of ordinary skill in the art do not make Creative work is with regard to other thinkable embodiments and other simple replacements and various changes to technical solutions of the utility model Change, belongs to the protection scope of the utility model.

As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, as preferred embodiments of the present invention, the efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace by with Under type is realized:

Efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace technology scheme described in the utility model specifically includes that feeding machanism, furnace body and material discharging machine Structure, the feeding machanism are located at the top of furnace body, and discharge mechanism is located at bottom of furnace body；The furnace body includes two reduction units, often A reduction unit includes a reduction room 3 and two combustion chambers 8, and two combustion chambers 8 are respectively placed in reduction 3 two sides of room.

Each reduction unit can be produced with independent operating, each reduction unit according to required production in the present embodiment coal base shaft furnace Product demand, it is desirable that control different temperature, meet in same coal base shaft furnace while producing the needs of multiple product, solve The prior art can only produce a kind of defect of product simultaneously.

When a reduction unit failure needs repairing, another reduction unit can produce unaffected, solution as usual It has determined in coal base shaft furnace described in the prior art, when a certain component needs repairing, entire shaft furnace requires the problem of stopping production.

According to production capacity needs, the present embodiment is made of two reduction units, and in other embodiments, reduction unit can root Permutation and combination is needed according to production capacity, to solve the problems, such as that prior art production capacity is limited.

As shown in Fig. 2, in the present embodiment, being equipped with the thermally conductive beam 5 of 12 rows in the reduction room 3, adjacent two heat extractions beam is in water Square upward interlaced arrangement.In other embodiments, corresponding number of rows and columns can be set according to the height and length of reduction room Thermally conductive beam.The heat of combustion chamber can quickly be reached reduction room material center by the thermally conductive beam, increase heat exchange area, be improved 30% or more heat exchange efficiency, while interlaced arrangement is conducive to material thermally equivalent to thermally conductive beam up and down, solves the prior art by pine Dissipate material itself heat transfer, the low problem of unstable product quality production efficiency caused by the heating slowly of center material, thermally conductive beam The heat-conduction wall for restoring room two sides is connected into an entirety, enhances the overall stability of reduction room, is conducive to furnace body longevity.

As shown in Figure 1, in the present embodiment, the combustion chamber 8 is surrounded by heat-conduction wall 4 and wall with flues 9, close to reduction room side It is wall with flues 9 far from coal base reduction shaft furnace room side for heat-conduction wall 4.Using heat-conduction wall 4 to be separated by between combustion chamber and reduction room can be with Heat transfer efficiency is improved, heat transfer can be reduced by being separated by between combustion chamber and far from reduction room side using wall with flues 9, reduce thermal energy It is lost, reaches energy-saving and environment-friendly purpose.

In the present embodiment, the adjacent combustion chamber 8 of two reduction units shares wall with flues 9.Materials can be reduced by sharing a face wall with flues, Save the cost.

In the present embodiment, 3 top of reduction room is equipped with coal gas and collects hole 6 and coal gas collection conduit 7；The coal gas is received Collect hole 6 and restore the coal gas of indoor generation by collecting, and be transported to combustion chamber via coal gas collection conduit 7, for combustion chamber conduct Fuel.

In the present embodiment, it is wide to carry lower part for 3 top of reduction room.

In the present embodiment, the cross section of the reduction room 3 is in rectangle.

As shown in figure 3, in the present embodiment, the combustion chamber 8 be equipped with 17, burners 11 of the staggered quirk of 4 rows, Two air nozzles 12 and a flue 13.

As shown in figure 3, in the present embodiment, burner 11 is set to combustion chamber wall with flues top, flue 13 is set to combustion chamber Wall with flues lower part is set between flue 13 and burner 11 there are two air nozzle.

The combustion gas of stock gas or the pipeline supplement of collection passes through the high-temperature flue gas generated after burner combustion and is in along quirk 17 The flowing of " Z " font, is most discharged through flue 13 afterwards.Make the temperature field of combustion chamber more evenly, and extends high-temperature flue gas and heat-conduction wall Heat-exchange time is conducive to stable product quality and improves heat utilization rate, stock gas be fully utilized reduce discharge and It is outer for gas quantity, be good for the environment and reduce cost.

Collection stock gas and pipeline supplement combustion gas by burner 11 entrance combustion chamber after primary combustion do not finish, But according to the needs of present apparatus preheating and reduction temperature, suitable air is incorporated by air nozzle 12, reaches and burns step by step The purpose of temperature control.

In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the feeding machanism includes: 1 charging vehicle 1 and 2 loading hopper 2, loading hopper 2 equidistant are set to restore 3 top of room, the mixture of pelletizing (or lump ore) and reducing agent for preparing according to a certain percentage, from charging vehicle At the uniform velocity feed enters reduction room 3 by loading hopper.It in other embodiments, can be equidistant above reduction room 3 according to furnace body length Arrange multiple loading hoppers 2.Equidistant arrangement is conducive to material in the indoor uniform pan feeding of reduction, and it is sufficiently anti-to be conducive to each position material It answers.

In the present embodiment, two reduction room bottoms are respectively provided with two cooling jackets 14, and cooling jacket 14 is gone back around corresponding It former room bottom one week in other embodiments can be according to the quantity of reduction room and the quantity of length setting cooling jacket 14.

In the present embodiment, the discharge mechanism includes material discharging machine 15 and conveyer 16, row as a preferred technical solution, Material machine 15 is set to 14 bottom of cooling jacket, and the conveyer 16 is set to 15 bottom of material discharging machine.

Material discharging machine is driven by speed regulating motor, and in the present embodiment, pan feeding is the pelletizing for being easier to reduction, and the required recovery time is short, Discharge velocity can be tuned up.In other embodiments, discharge velocity can according to need adjustment, if pan feeding is to be not easy to restore, Speed can slow down.

In the present embodiment, belt conveyor 16 is arranged in cold material discharging machine lower part, and reducing material is exported.In other embodiments In, if it is hot material discharging machine, then chain scraper conveyor is arranged in lower part, and reducing material is exported.

In the present embodiment, complete reduction high-temperature material by cooling jacket cool down after be discharged, be cooled to 200 DEG C or less it is cold Discharge, in other embodiments, cooling capacity can design as needed, can also be cooled to 400~800 DEG C of hot discharges.

3 wide 0.2 meter of the reduction room, it is 6 meters long, it is 15 meters high.Specific size can adjust according to the design needs.According to described Chamber size is restored, a reduction room is equivalent to the charge of 2~15 existing coal base reduction shaft furnace tanks, identical material and heat transfer item Production capacity also obtains 2~15 times of raising under part.

The wall with flues 9 and quirk are built using high alumina brick in the present embodiment, in other embodiments, according to Different temperature zones demand, the wall with flues 9 can also be built using clay brick and heat-barrier material.

In the present embodiment, the heat-conduction wall 4 is formed by silicon nitride combined silicon carbide brick masonry, in other embodiments In, by Silicon oxynitride bonded silicon carbide and/or imperial silicon carbide and/or nitrate nitroge, compound phase combination carbon can also be matched The highly heat-conductive materials such as SiClx are made.Using highly heat-conductive material, combustion chamber can be improved and restore the heat transfer efficiency between room.

Claims (13)

1. a kind of efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace specifically includes that feeding machanism, furnace body and discharge mechanism, the feeding machanism are located at At the top of furnace body, discharge mechanism is located at bottom of furnace body；

The furnace body includes at least one reduction unit, and each reduction unit includes a reduction room (3) and two combustion chambers (8), two combustion chambers (8) are respectively placed in reduction room (3) two sides.

2. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be equipped at least in the reduction room (3) The thermally conductive beam of one row (5), the adjacent thermally conductive beam of two rows interlaced arrangement in the horizontal direction.

3. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: each combustion chamber (8) is by heat-conduction wall (4) it is surrounded with wall with flues (9), is heat-conduction wall (4) close to coal base reduction shaft furnace room (3) side, far from coal base reduction shaft furnace room (3) one Side is wall with flues (9).

4. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: when the reduction unit quantity is greater than 1 When, the adjacent combustion chamber of two reduction units (8) shares a face wall with flues (9), and each combustion chamber (8) cross section is in rectangle, length and width Than > 2.

5. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the reduction room (3) is received equipped with coal gas Collect hole (6), connect coal gas collection conduit (7), the coal gas collection conduit (7) can connect multiple reduction rooms.

6. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: reduction room (3) upper and lower part Width is equal, or one of is set as up-narrow and down-wide pyramidal structure, step structure or horn structure or a variety of.

7. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cross section of reduction room (3) is in Rectangle, the heat-conduction wall between the reduction room and combustion chamber are set as up-narrow and down-wide structure.

8. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace described in any one of -7 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the combustion chamber (8) Equipped with several staggered quirks (17), burner (11), at least one air nozzle (12) and flue (13).

9. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: several quirks are in the combustion chamber Z-shaped is staggered.

10. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace described in any one of -7,9 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the feeding machine Structure includes: charging vehicle (1) and at least one loading hopper (2), and the loading hopper (2) is set to above reduction room (3).

11. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace described in any one of -7,9 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include several Cooling jacket (14) is respectively arranged on each reduction room (3) bottom, and the cooling jacket (14) is around corresponding reduction room bottom one Week.

12. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace according to claim 11, it is characterised in that: the discharge mechanism includes material discharging machine (15) and conveyer (16), the material discharging machine (15) are set to the cooling jacket (14) bottom, and the conveyer (16) is set to institute State material discharging machine (15) bottom.

13. efficient reduction coal base shaft furnace described in any one of -7,9,12 according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the reduction Room (3) is 0.2 meter to 1 meter wide, 2 meters to 15 meters long, 5 meters to 20 meters high.