CN208189742U - Battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure - Google Patents
Battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN208189742U CN208189742U CN201820534432.4U CN201820534432U CN208189742U CN 208189742 U CN208189742 U CN 208189742U CN 201820534432 U CN201820534432 U CN 201820534432U CN 208189742 U CN208189742 U CN 208189742U
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- cold plate
- battery
- battery case
- heat radiation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to electric automobile lithium battery field, specifically battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure, battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure include main cold plate, and battery pack includes multiple battery assembly modules, it is provided with gap between battery assembly module, the thermally conductive cold plate with the transmitting connection of main cold plate heat is provided in the gap.The utility model increases the thermally conductive cold plate scheme of cell gap, and heat dissipation effect promotes 2.7-8.6%.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to electric automobile lithium battery field, specifically battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure.
Background technique
New-energy automobile early has become the hot spot that development is fallen over each other in countries in the world, and current development of automobile industry necessarily becomes
The revolution of gesture and automobile industry.Battery management is one of several big key modules of electric car, and superiority and inferiority directly affects electricity
The properties and security and stability of electrical automobile.
Mainly using power battery as main power source, the main performance index of power battery has New-energy electric vehicle:
Capacity, energy density, power, self-discharge rate, charge and discharge time, service life cycle etc..High capacity, high-energy density, Gao Gong
Rate, low discharge rate, high service life, quick charge etc. are the key parameter power battery dependence batteries for measuring power battery superiority and inferiority
The development of technology is broadly divided into four key nodes such as lead-acid battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, lithium battery and fuel cell pond.Wherein, it fires
Material battery is also in theoretical research stage, and there are energy stores bottleneck problems.And first three battery types oneself arrived through Preliminary Applications
In electric car, and the battery performance of these three types is compared, lithium ion battery specific energy, energy density, specific power and circulation
Service life is all significantly larger than other two classes batteries.But there is also defects compared to two kinds of front battery for lithium battery: (1) lithium electricity
Pond monomer voltage is small, needs to bring to battery management bigger by huge number of single battery tandem compound at power battery
Difficulty；(2) lithium battery is sensitive to temperature, overcurrent, over-voltage, and battery performance is easily affected by it, it may appear that permanent damage, seriously
When will appear the danger such as cells burst, explosion.In order to solve above-mentioned specific question, studied especially for the thermal management technology of lithium battery
It is important.And battery case heat dissipation therein is the most important thing of battery thermal management system, but now to the heat dissipation knot of battery pack
Structure design typically just does structure design according to relevant parameter, and in present heat radiation structure design, the radiator structure designed dissipates
Thermal effect is still poor.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structures, and with expectation solution, there is presently no one
The problem of radiator structure of the preferable battery pack of kind.
To achieve the goals above, present battery case heat dissipation liquid cooling radiator structure is designed, including following operation
Step:
1) battery pack model is established to computer simulation system input relevant parameter；
2) relevant parameter is inputted to computer simulation system, main cold plate is established in two sides respectively above and below battery pack model；
3) the main cold plate coolant rate of parameter regulation is inputted to computer simulation system；
4) when being still unable to reach expectation after adjusting flow and requiring, following steps are operated: in the gap into battery pack
Thermally conductive cold plate is established, and adjusts the coolant rate in thermally conductive cold plate.
The operation is carried out further, being still unable to reach when expectation requires after adjusting flow: adjusting main cold plate
Cooling water pipe pipe diameter size makes the thermo parameters method of battery case reach optimal equalization.
Further, the division of the battery pack of above-mentioned battery case, radiator structure uses structured grid and unstrctured grid
Mixed grid dividing mode, comprising the following steps:
A, it to the battery cell of battery pack, is divided using structural network；
B, it to the main cold plate of radiator structure model, is divided using unstrctured grid；
C, after two kinds of grids pull, the combination and connection of grid are carried out.
Since the structure of battery cell is simple, structured grid can be easily marked off very much.For main cold plate part, due to
Pipeline divides difficult there are structured grid, for higher efficiency, therefore is divided using unstrctured grid, equally can be with
Reach preferable effect.
Further, choosing optimization aim is that temperature standard is poor when carrying out computer simulation, the temperature of battery case is obtained
Field distribution T1；Selection optimization aim is arithmetic mean temperature, obtains the thermo parameters method T2 of battery case；Compare thermo parameters method T1
Show that the main cold plate of radiator structure is built with thermo parameters method T2 to find out the main cold plate structure design of suitable batteries heat dissipation the most
Cube case.The scheme of foundation can be accurately found in this way.Here the most suitable reaches required excellent
Change target.
The design optimization of the radiator structure of battery pack must while guaranteeing integral heat sink ability, improve single battery it
Between temperature uniformity and consistency, by comparison include minimum heat " weakness ", temperature standard difference and arithmetic mean temperature be it is excellent
Change target, in conjunction with computer simulation, quick, efficiently battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure can be established.
Further, above-mentioned computer sim- ulation simulation uses numerical simulation software comsol, pass through fluid governing equation pair
The single battery model of foundation and the solution boundary condition of setting are calculated.
Further, by adjusting the cooling water pipe pipe diameter size of main cold plate, making battery when above-mentioned computer sim- ulation is simulated
The thermo parameters method of case reaches optimal equalization, show that battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure establishes scheme.
By changing cooling water pipe caliber, increases the contact area of coolant liquid and battery, improve battery pack heat dissipation structure
Performance is simple, quick, have it is found by the applicant that established by the single regulation water pipe caliber according to thermo parameters method
Effect.The caliber for changing coolant liquid tubule, is respectively set to 7mm, 11mm and 15mm, sunykatuib analysis is carried out under different flows.
The utility model provides a kind of battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure, cold including battery pack is clamped in intermediate master
Plate, above-mentioned battery pack include multiple battery assembly modules, are provided with gap between above-mentioned battery assembly module, be provided in the gap with
The thermally conductive cold plate of main cold plate heat transmitting connection.
Above-mentioned thermally conductive cold plate is set to increase heat transfer between battery assembly module and main cold plate, improves battery from far from main
Cold plate part can be made by increasing thermally conductive cold plate apart from the farther away battery of coolant liquid to the temperature gradient close to main cold plate part
The heat of the generation liquid band that can rapidly be cooled is walked.Wherein, increase the thermally conductive cold plate scheme of cell gap, compared to not thermally conductive
The scheme of cold plate, heat dissipation effect promote 2.7-8.6%, while change coolant inlet end flow being taken to be compared.
Further, the minimum cooling water pipe caliber of above-mentioned thermally conductive cold plate and main cold plate is >=11mm.
Change in main cold plate in coolant duct caliber scheme, with the increase of caliber, the heat dissipation effect of battery improve compared with
It is obvious；Under the scheme using the topological optimization for becoming caliber, and design the minimum cooling water pipe pipe of thermally conductive cold plate and main cold plate
Diameter is >=11mm, and the temperature mean square deviation of battery 9-12% lower than the scheme for being greater than the calibers such as 11mm, this is but also thermally conductive cold plate
With the minimum cooling water pipe pipe diameter determing of main cold plate in >=11mm, cooling effect and caliber expand on be optimum efficiency caliber
Value.
Further, the cooling water pipe of above-mentioned main cold plate includes that big pipe and tubule, above-mentioned big pipe are set along main cold plate edge
It sets, above-mentioned tubule is arranged on the inside of main cold plate in plate face and is connected to big pipe.
Further, the tubule includes straight tube and bend pipe, the bend pipe is used to connect the setting of the opposite big pipe in both sides
On the inside of the main cold plate in plate face.
Further, being provided with the extension for extending to plate face on the inside of main cold plate on the big pipe.
Further, described straight tube one end is connect with the extension, the other end of the straight tube and separate extension
Big pipe (11) connection.
Further, the big pipe caliber is >=11mm ,≤15mm.
Further, the tubule caliber is >=11mm ,≤12mm.
Further, the cooling water pipe of the main cold plate is connected with and flows to reversing arrangement.
Further, the reversing arrangement that flows to includes the pump housing group that two end interfaces are connected on cooling water pipe,
The pump housing group flows to opposite water pump by two and forms.The water pump of the pump housing group can not be opened simultaneously, in the pump housing group
Water pump reaches 1-2 DEG C in the entrance temperature difference when cooling water pipe, and water pump is opened and closed relationship exchange.
The utility model beneficial effect is the thermally conductive cold plate that increased cell gap has been respectively adopted, and is changed cooling in cold plate
The size of liquid pipeline, and its change coolant liquid inlet and outlet direction etc..Wherein, the thermally conductive cold plate scheme for increasing cell gap, is compared
There is no the scheme of cold plate, heat dissipation effect promotes 2.7-8.6%；Change in cold plate in coolant duct caliber scheme, with caliber
Increase, the heat dissipation effect of battery improves more obvious；And use in the scheme for changing coolant liquid inlet and outlet direction, in battery
In terms of temperature uniformity, have the effect of certain.
The utility model is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.The utility model is additional
Aspect and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, and partially will become apparent from the description below.Or it is practical by this
Novel practice is recognized.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the utility model is used to assist understanding to the utility model, provided in attached drawing
Content and its related explanation can be used for explaining the utility model in the present invention, but is not constituted to the utility model not
Work as restriction.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the battery pack of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the main coldplate of the utility model；
Fig. 3 is the battery assembly module of the utility model and the schematic diagram of thermally conductive coldplate；
Fig. 4 be the utility model cooling board group all cooling calibers in 7mm temperature profile figure；
Fig. 5 be the utility model cooling board group all cooling calibers in 11mm temperature profile figure；
Fig. 6 is the comparison for the battery temperature field mean square deviation exchanged in the cooling board group coolant liquid entrance period of the utility model
Figure (straight line is that entrance is not exchanged, and curve is the exchange of entrance period)；
Number in figure is successively are as follows: the main cold plate of 1-, the big pipe of 11-, 12- tubule, 2- battery assembly module, the thermally conductive cold plate of 3-.
Specific embodiment
Clear, complete explanation is carried out to the utility model with reference to the accompanying drawing.Those of ordinary skill in the art are being based on
The utility model will be realized in the case where these explanations.Before being illustrated in conjunction with attached drawing to the utility model, spy is needed
It is not pointed out that:
The technical solution provided in each section including following the description and technical characteristic in the utility model,
In the case where not conflicting, these technical solutions and technical characteristic be can be combined with each other.
In addition, the embodiments of the present invention being related in following the description are generally only the reality of one branch of the utility model
Example is applied, instead of all the embodiments.Therefore, based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, the model of the utility model protection all should belong to
It encloses.
About term in the utility model and unit.The specification and claims of the utility model and related part
In term " includes " and its any deformation, it is intended that cover and non-exclusive include.
Such as Fig. 1-6, a kind of battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure, lithium battery product needed for choosing is research object, according to correlation
Parameter establish battery case geometrical model, LiFePO4 has better high-temperature behavior, while without containing rare in manufacture material
Metal, cost are relatively cheap.Single battery in battery case is using phosphoric acid square-type lithium battery as prototype, having a size of 167*112*
42mm, weight 275g, single battery is positive electrode using aluminium, and negative electrode material is nickel, and electrolyte is lithium salts, and case material is
PE。
Cooling structure is disposed on two main cold plates 1 of battery upper and lower surface, there is the pipe of circulation coolant liquid in main cold plate 1
Road.Necessary simplification is carried out to model and is equivalent to uniform heater.Boundary condition is set again, carries out analogue simulation.
It is introduced into the concept of temperature variance in single battery analysis.
Specifically include following operating procedure:
One, battery case geometrical model is established according to relevant parameter；
Two, optimization aim is determined and chooses, above-mentioned optimization aim includes minimum heat " weakness ", temperature standard difference and counts flat
Equal temperature chooses wherein any one or more groups and is combined into optimization aim；
Three, grid dividing is carried out to the battery pack of battery case, radiator structure to set up frontiers condition；
Four, setting, which solves control domain and solves, calculates target, is calculated by governing equation and calculation of boundary conditions, obtains electricity
The thermo parameters method of pond case；
Five, according to thermo parameters method, by computer simulation, show that battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure establishes scheme.
During being simulated, when after adjusting flow being still unable to reach expectation and requiring, following steps are operated: to
Thermally conductive cold plate is established in gap in battery pack, and adjusts the coolant rate in thermally conductive cold plate.
The grid dividing side that the battery pack of battery case, the division of radiator structure are mixed using structured grid and unstrctured grid
Formula, comprising the following steps:
A, it to the battery cell of battery pack, is divided using structural network；
B, it to the main cold plate 1 of radiator structure model, is divided using unstrctured grid；
C, after two kinds of grids pull, the combination and connection of grid are carried out.
Choosing optimization aim is that temperature standard is poor, obtains the thermo parameters method T1 of battery case；Choosing optimization aim is to count
Mean temperature obtains the thermo parameters method T2 of battery case；Thermo parameters method T1 and thermo parameters method T2 is compared, is closed the most with finding out
The main cold plate structure design of suitable battery heat dissipation, show that the main cold plate of radiator structure establishes scheme.
Using temperature standard difference as under optimization aim, bulk temperature is the most uniform, but mean temperature is relatively high.It chooses and calculates
Number mean temperature and temperature standard difference compare for optimization aim, are set with finding out the cold plate structure of suitable batteries heat dissipation the most
Meter, can accurately find the scheme of foundation in this way.Computer sim- ulation simulation uses numerical simulation software
Comsol calculates the single battery model of foundation and the solution boundary condition of setting by fluid governing equation.
A kind of battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure is obtained under this foundation, including battery pack to be clamped in intermediate main cold plate
1, above-mentioned battery pack includes multiple battery assembly modules 2, is provided with gap between above-mentioned battery assembly module 2, is provided in the gap
With the thermally conductive cold plate 3 of main 1 heat transmitting connection of cold plate.
The cooling water pipe of above-mentioned main cold plate 1 includes big pipe 11 and tubule 12, and above-mentioned big pipe 11 is arranged along main 1 edge of cold plate,
Above-mentioned tubule 12 is arranged in main 1 inside plate face of cold plate and is connected to big pipe 11, states tubule 12 in coil arrangement or bend pipe structure.
When computer sim- ulation is simulated, using the optimization method for increasing thermally conductive 3 radiator structure of cold plate, battery wall surface is close in design
The thermally conductive cold plate 3 of high thermal conductivity is to increase heat transfer between battery and main cold plate 1.Equally, it takes and changes coolant inlet end
The method of flow, setting flow is 10g/s, 20g/s and 30g/s, and compares result and not increased knot after the thermally conductive cold plate 3 of increase
Fruit.
As the flow rate increases, battery is maximum, minimum and mean temperature is all declined, this with not plus thermally conductive cold plate 3
As a result similar, equally, increased flow acts on temperature decline limited.The thermally conductive cold plate scheme for adding cell gap, compared to not having
The scheme of thermally conductive cold plate, heat dissipation effect promote 2.7-8.6%.
The minimum cooling water pipe caliber of above-mentioned thermally conductive cold plate 3 and main cold plate 1 is >=11mm.
From result above, it can be seen that, the simple flow velocity for increasing coolant liquid cannot the effectively temperature for reducing battery pack
Degree, warp is according to the analysis, coolant liquid and the contact area of battery may be very big on the influence of the performance of battery pack heat dissipation structure, so can
It is cooling to achieve the effect that change the caliber of coolant liquid tubule 12.11mm caliber temperature field analysis, due to changing for cold plate structure
Become, so needing to model cold plate structure again simultaneously grid division, after being computed, obtaining following coolant inlet flow is 10g/
s,15g/s,20g/s,25g/s,30g/s.If Fig. 4,5 can see, under using 11mm tubule caliber, each temperature of battery is special
Value indicative has more considerable decline relative to 7mm caliber, and from the point of view of maximum temperature, the highest temperature is under 10g/s flow
306.24K, maximum temperature difference 6.56K, and under 7mm caliber, maximum temperature 309.25K, maximum temperature difference are
8.39K.So significantly many using the effect that the caliber of 11mm promotes relative increase flow enhancement to heat dissipation effect.
And for the index of temperature equalization, battery mean square deviation, as the flow rate increases successively decreases for value, but the amount of reduction
It is limited.For 7mm, to be showed in terms of temperature equalization more preferable.15mm caliber temperature field analysis, equally, battery is whole
As the flow rate increases and declines for temperature, simultaneously declines also unobvious.It is otherwise noted that relative to 11mm caliber
Temperature, under each flow, each temperature profile value of battery will low 0.4K or so, this temperature spread is little, be far from from
Temperature change when caliber is from 7mm to 11mm is violent, it is possible to think, the whole temperature of battery is in the increase of caliber
Now reduce, but the speed of its reduction is slower and slower, it is to the last stable in some value.In addition, the temperature of battery is square
Difference is on a declining curve also with the rising of flow.Find that the value is with caliber relative to lateral comparison 7mm and 11mm value
Increase shows certain downward trend, and relative to 11mm caliber, value has dropped 1.7%-6.8% etc..
The minimum cooling water pipe caliber for designing thermally conductive cold plate 3 and main cold plate 1 is >=11mm, and the temperature mean square deviation of battery is than big
In the low 9-12% of the scheme of the calibers such as 11mm, this but also thermally conductive cold plate 3 and main cold plate 1 minimum cooling water pipe pipe diameter determing
In >=11mm, cooling effect and caliber expand on be optimum efficiency caliber value.
It can be set in above-mentioned battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure and flow to reversing arrangement, a pump housing group, the pump can be used
Body group flows to opposite water pump by two and forms.Cooling means operating procedure are as follows: to the cooling water of battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure
Coolant liquid carries out periodic reverse flowing in pipe, and the entrance of coolant liquid is made to carry out period exchange.The water pump of the pump housing group can not
It opens simultaneously, the water pump in the pump housing group reaches 1-2 DEG C in the entrance temperature difference when cooling water pipe, and water pump is opened and closed relationship pair
It changes.
In cooling procedure, if the outlet of coolant liquid and entrance are constant, by adjusting the side such as pipe diameter, flow
Method goes to improve the temperature characterisitic of battery, and since the water temperature of arrival end is lower, the temperature close to the battery of arrival end will be lower than always
Far from arrival end battery, this is inevitable.To overcome this phenomenon, in transient process, at regular intervals, by battery
Coolant inlet become exporting, outlet is become into entrance, with temperature near the coolant liquid entrance of balancing battery.Or setting
One largest battery temperature difference changes the inlet and outlet of coolant liquid after the practical temperature difference of battery is greater than this temperature difference.Using
Change coolant liquid and import and export direction, make battery has preferable effect in terms of temperature uniformity, also functions to the main cold plate 1 of protection
With the effect of thermally conductive cold plate 3.
Present embodiment establishes the heat dissipation model of battery case, and being analyzed and optimized to radiator structure.It adopts respectively
With the thermally conductive cold plate 3 of increased cell gap, change the size of coolant line in cold plate, and its changes coolant liquid inlet and outlet
The methods of direction.Wherein, the thermally conductive cold plate 3 for increasing cell gap, compared to the scheme of no thermally conductive cold plate 3, heat dissipation effect is promoted
2.7-8.6%；Change in cold plate in coolant duct caliber scheme, with the increase of caliber, the heat dissipation effect of battery improve compared with
To be obvious, in the case that special caliber increases to 11mm from 7mm, mean temperature has dropped 25% or so, and using becoming caliber
Topological optimization scheme under, the scheme of the calibers such as temperature mean square deviation ratio 15mm of battery low 12%；And it uses and changes cooling
Liquid is imported and exported in the scheme in direction, and sunykatuib analysis has the effect of certain the results show that in terms of the temperature uniformity of battery.
The related content of the utility model is illustrated above.Those of ordinary skill in the art are being based on these explanations
In the case where will realize the utility model.Above content based on the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, the model of the utility model protection all should belong to
It encloses.
Claims (10)
1. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure, including battery pack to be clamped in intermediate main cold plate (1), it is characterised in that: the electricity
Pond group includes multiple battery assembly modules (2), is provided with gap between the battery assembly module (2), is provided in the gap and master
The thermally conductive cold plate (3) of cold plate (1) heat transmitting connection.
2. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the thermally conductive cold plate (3) and main cold plate
(1) minimum cooling water pipe caliber is >=11mm.
3. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cooling water pipe of the main cold plate (1)
Including managing (11) and tubule (12) greatly, the big pipe (11) is arranged along main cold plate (1) edge, and it is cold that the tubule (12) is arranged in master
It is connected on the inside of plate (1) in plate face and with big pipe (11).
4. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the tubule (12) includes straight tube and curved
Pipe, the bend pipe are used to connect the setting of the opposite big pipe in both sides in main cold plate (1) inside plate face.
5. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: be provided with extension on the big pipe (11)
The extension of plate face on the inside of to main cold plate (1).
6. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: described straight tube one end and the extension
Connection, the other end of the straight tube are connect with the big pipe (11) far from extension.
7. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: big pipe (11) caliber be >=
11mm、≤15mm。
8. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: tubule (12) caliber be >=
11mm、≤12mm。
9. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cooling water pipe of the main cold plate (1)
It is connected with and flows to reversing arrangement.
10. battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that: the reversing arrangement that flows to includes one
A two end interface is connected to the pump housing group on cooling water pipe, which flows to opposite water pump by two and form.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201820534432.4U CN208189742U (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2018-04-16 | Battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201820534432.4U CN208189742U (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2018-04-16 | Battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108390128A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-08-10 | 西南交通大学 | Battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure method for building up and corresponding construction |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108390128A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-08-10 | 西南交通大学 | Battery case liquid-cooling heat radiation structure method for building up and corresponding construction |
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Granted publication date: 20181204 Termination date: 20210416 |