A kind of high-power fiber circulator based on curved surface end caps
Technical field
The utility model relates to optical passive components, especially multiport high-power fiber circulator.
Background technique
Optical circulator is a kind of optical device of the nonreciprocity control direction of beam propagation of multiport input and output, light letter
It number can only be transmitted in the devices along specific port order, when the change of the transmission sequence of optical signal, its loss is very big, therefore
The effect of signal isolation can be achieved.
Due to this sequential delivery characteristic of optical circulator, the important device in two-way communication and laser transmission is become
Part.Currently, optical circulator is widely used in laser system, coherent detection and hydrophone.With mentioning for optical fiber laser power
It rises, the power of the application focus ring shape device such as coherent detection of optical circulator combination high-capacity optical fiber laser of tail optical fiber input and output
More stringent requirements are proposed for ability to bear.
The prior art " a kind of optical circulator CN103955026B based on optical fiber and lens array ", a kind of " optical circulator
CN 103995319B”、“Compact low crosstalk,three-port optical circulator
EP0860731B1”、“Bi-directional optical circulator and applications there of US
6538815”、“method and system for providing a simplified in-line optical
Circulator US 6782145 ", is mainly based upon the spatial coupling of lens, and this coupled modes are in fiber end face
Lens are added, therefore structure is complex.The general optical fiber self-focusing lens for using λ/4, size, wavelength of lens etc. must be with
Optical fiber matches, and if any deviation, then coupling efficiency is low, and optical quality is poor, can seriously optical signal be made to be lost.Therefore this biography
The coupling technique resetting difficulty of system is big, and there are bottlenecks, especially coupling loss bring fever excitation fiber end face for coupling efficiency
Damage limits the power bearing ability of device.
Summary of the invention
In view of numerous defects exist in the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of high power based on curved surface end caps
The technical solution of optical fiber circulator, specially:
Including at least optical fiber (11) and end cap (12), optical fiber (13) and end cap (14), optical fiber (15) and end cap (16), annular
Device core) and substrate;
The optical fiber (11) is connected with end cap (12), and optical fiber (13) is connected with end cap (14), optical fiber (15) and end cap (16)
It is connected;
The circulator core is installed on substrate;
The circulator core can make to shift or be displaced into light beam therein;
One end of the end cap is plane, and the other end is curved surface, and optical fiber is connected with the planar ends of end cap, connection side
Formula is integrated welding;
Collimation output or coupling input of the curved surface of the end cap for light beam are to optical fiber;
Light beam is incident on circulator core by the collimated light beam that the curved surface of end cap (12) becomes by entering optical fiber (11)
(17), the tail core that the collimated light beam after offset is coupled to its optical fiber (13) through the curved surface of end cap (14) exports;
Light beam is incident on circulator core by the collimated light beam that the curved surface of end cap (14) becomes by entering optical fiber (13)
(17), the tail core that the collimated light beam after offset is coupled to its optical fiber (15) through the curved surface of end cap (16) exports;
The radius of curvature R of the curved surface of the end cap is:
Wherein the laser beam waist radius in optical fiber is w0, angle of divergence θ0, the length of end cap is L, the refractive index of end cap material
For n.
Wherein the components such as optical fiber, end cap, circulator core are all fixedly installed on substrate.
The curved surface end caps are made of optical fiber and end cap welding, after one end tangent plane of the optical fiber with end cap
The welding of plane one end, fiber axis and end cap bus are coaxial.The optical fiber can be polarization maintaining optical fibre, or non-polarization-maintaining light
It is fine.
The end cap can be a variety of different shapes, such as cylindrical, conical, plane one end and fused fiber splice,
Its other end is collimation output or coupling input of the curved surface for light beam to fibre core, and radius of curvature R is set according to end cap length
MeterWherein the laser beam waist radius in optical fiber is w0, angle of divergence θ0, length is the end cap material of L
Refractive index be n.
The end cap length and bore expands that spot size is related to target, for the efficiency reliability for guaranteeing device, end
Cap diameter D should be greater than target and expand spot diameter Wherein, L is the length of end cap, and d is fiber cores
Diameter, NA are the numerical aperture of fiber core.
Circulator core can be polarization relationship type or polarization independent type.
Circulator core is including at least one in polarization splitting prism, birefringece crystal, wave plate, rotator, light velocity shifter
Kind and the combination between them.
The combination of different optical elements is arranged in circulator core, can make to shift or be displaced into light beam therein,
The volume of light channel structure is reduced, such as certain angular deflection or displacement function occur for the light beam for transmitting sequential delivery and backward
Such as polarization splitting prism (PBS), it is inclined that incident non-polarized light can be divided into the vertical line of two beams by polarization splitting prism
Light.Wherein P polarisation passes through completely, and S polarisation is reflected with 45 degree of angles, and exit direction and P light are at an angle of 90 degrees.This polarization spectro rib
Mirror is formed by a pair of of high-precision right-angle prism gluing, and polarization spectro deielectric-coating is coated on the bevel edge of one of prism.
Birefringece crystal, including uniaxial crystal and biaxial crystal.Uniaxial crystal such as quartz, ruby, ice.Biaxial crystal packet
Include mica, sapphire, olivine, sulphur.
The output end face of end cap plates antireflective film, and plated film wave band is matched with optical fiber circulator operation wavelength.
Substrate has radiator, since amount of heat can be generated with relatively high power in high-power fiber circulator,
By the way that radiator is added, the heat of circulator core can be taken away rapidly, reduce temperature, so that the power for improving device is born
Ability.
Optical fiber circulator is also equipped with the heat management system of accessory mounting plate, it can be achieved that circulator is in high power laser light condition
Lower work.
The utility model is expanded by waveguide and realizes light beam expanding in curved surface end cap with the principle of curved surface auto-collimation output
Collimation and curved surface end cap are collected and coupled signal light enters tail optical fiber fibre core, and integrated curved surface end caps effectively improve ring
The coupling efficiency of light beam in shape device promotes the power bearing ability of optical fiber circulator.Curved surface end caps are prepared by welding
Being integrally formed device can accurately guarantee the collimation performance of light beam, be convenient for optical fiber circulator integrated and adjustment.
The technical effect of the utility model is as follows:
1) coupled system of the utility model based on curved surface end caps is set in conjunction with core diameter and the numerical aperture optimization of tail optical fiber
The radius of curvature for counting end cap length and exit facet, can not only realize the beam-expanding collimation to optical fiber incident beam, but also can use
Curved surface end cap collecting signal light and the fibre core for coupling it to tail optical fiber;
2) due to the integrated device that light and curved surface end cap are by fusion joining process, coupled system is not necessarily to adjustment,
Coupling efficiency is high, generates heat small, optical circulator can bear laser power height;
3) output end face of end cap plates antireflective film, and plated film wave band and optical fiber circulator operation wavelength are coincide, can reduce or
The reflected light for eliminating end cap curved surface, can increase the transmitance of light;
4) optical fiber welding integrated with end cap, increases the heat dissipating mass of optical fiber, further increases the damage threshold of device
Value;
5) optical fiber is coaxial with end cap, improves beam quality.If optical fiber and the axis of end cap shift, the abnormal of hot spot will lead to
Become, influences the hot spot effect of output;
6) substrate has radiator, due to that can generate big calorimetric with relatively high power in high-power fiber circulator
The heat of circulator core can be taken away rapidly by the way that radiator is added, temperature be reduced, to improve the power of device by amount
Ability to bear;
7) the optimization radius of curvature of the end cap in the utility modelBy the song for optimizing end cap
Rate radius enters from another end cap in conjunction with one end cap of light beam in optical circulator cored structure and projects, and utilizes the curvature half of optimization
Diameter enables to the loss of system to reach minimum;
8) optical fiber circulator of the utility model has many advantages, such as that small in size, insertion loss is low, damage threshold is high.
The utility model simply and effectively solves the coupling efficiency and heating problem of optical circulator, and device is effectively promoted
The damage threshold and power bearing ability of part.
Detailed description of the invention
The curved surface end caps structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 the utility model;
Influence of the radius of curvature of the curved surface end caps of Fig. 2 the utility model to coupling loss;
The high-power fiber circulator structural schematic diagram based on curved surface end caps of Fig. 3 the utility model;
The structural schematic diagram of the typical polarization-type circulator core of Fig. 4 the utility model;
The structural schematic diagram of the polarization independent type circulator core of Fig. 5 the utility model.
Label in specific figure:
11:Optical fiber, 12:End face;12-1:End cap curved surface;13:Optical fiber, 14:End face;15:Optical fiber, 16:End face;17:Annular
Device core;18:Substrate;19:Radiator;100:Polarization splitting prism, 101:Faraday rotator;102:Wave plate 103:Polarization point
Light prism (PBS);104:Circulator core;20:Pattern displacement device, 25:Pattern displacement device, 30:Pattern displacement device;21,23,26,
28,31,33 be wave plate;22,24,27,29,32,34 be Faraday rotator;35:Circulator core.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but should not limit the utility model with this
Protection scope.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the end caps structure chart based on curved surface end caps of the utility model, as described in Figure 1, including optical fiber
(11) and end cap (12) and end cap curved surface (12-1), the subsequent corrosion of end cap are R, and end cap is cylinder, the output end face of end cap
Antireflective film is plated, such as:Antireflective film is SiO2, plated film wave band needs matched with optical fiber circulator operation wavelength.Optical fiber and curved end
Cap is attached by integral welding technique, and optical fiber is coaxial with end cap, is guaranteed not shift after the light velocity enters, is improved hot spot
Quality, to improve coupling efficiency.
It is necessary to meet following condition for the radius of curvature R of the curved surface of end cap:
Wherein the laser beam waist radius in optical fiber is w0, angle of divergence θ0, the length of end cap is L, the refractive index of end cap material
For n.
The diameter D of end cap is greater than target and expands spot diameterWhereinWherein, d is the core of optical fiber
Diameter, NA are the numerical aperture of fiber core.
By optimizing the structure and corresponding size design of end caps, coupling efficiency is improved.
Referring to Fig. 2, loss is negligible when radius of curvature is 4.7mm, with curved surface so that end cap length L is 15mm as an example
Radius and 4.7mm deviation become larger, and loss increases sharply, such as when radius of curvature is 5mm, loss can reach 5dB.Therefore, bent
The design of rate radius and the loss chosen on system influence clearly.Optical fiber in the present embodiment can be according to the optical path knot of implementation
Structure uses polarization maintaining optical fibre or non PM fiber.
End caps structure in the present embodiment can be applied in any embodiment of the utility model.
Embodiment 2
Referring to Fig. 3, optical fiber circulator includes optical fiber (11) and end cap (12), optical fiber (13) and end cap (14), optical fiber
(15) and end cap (16), circulator core (17), substrate (18), radiator and heat management system (not shown).Optical fiber
(11) it is connected with end cap (12), optical fiber (13) is connected with end cap (14), and optical fiber (15) is connected with end cap (16), circulator core (17)
It is mounted on substrate (18), radiator (19) and heat management system is installed on substrate.Circulator core includes at least polarization point
One of light prism, birefringece crystal, wave plate, rotator, pattern displacement device or the combination between them, circulator core
(17) can make to shift or be displaced into light beam therein;The production method and condition of optical fiber and end cap and 1 phase of embodiment
Together, collimation output or coupling input of the curved surface of end cap for light beam are to optical fiber;
Light beam 1 is incident on circulator core by the collimated light beam that the curved surface of end cap (12) becomes by entering optical fiber (11)
(17), the collimated light beam after offset is coupled to the tail core output beam 1 of its optical fiber (13) through the curved surface of end cap (14);
Light beam 2 is incident on circulator core by the collimated light beam that the curved surface of end cap (14) becomes by entering optical fiber (13)
(17), the collimated light beam after offset is coupled to the tail core output beam 2 of its optical fiber (15) through the curved surface of end cap (16);
Although the optical fiber circulator in this implementation uses only 3 optical fiber and end cap forms 3 ring of light device ports, practical light
In fine circulator, more ports, such as 4,5,10 etc. can be used using actual conditions.
Embodiment 3
The production method and condition of optical fiber and end cap that this implementation uses are same as Example 1.
Referring to fig. 4, optical fiber circulator includes optical fiber (11) and end cap (12), optical fiber (13) and end cap (14), optical fiber (15)
With end cap (16), optical circulator core (104), radiator (not shown), optical circulator core (104) includes polarization spectro rib
Mirror (100), Faraday rotator (101), wave plate (102), polarization splitting prism (103).
Light beam 1 enters optical fiber (11) and is expanded by the curved surface of end face (12) at injecting end after entering circulator core after collimated light beam
The curved surface of cap (14) is coupled to the tail core output of optical fiber (13), light beam 2 enter optical fiber (13) by the curved surface of end face (14) expand at
It shifts after collimated light beam into circulator core and injects the curved surface of end face (16), the tail core of optical fiber (15) is coupled to by curved surface
Output, specific optical path process are as follows:
Light beam 1 enters optical fiber (11) and is expanded by the curved surface of end face (12) at inclined into injection after circulator core after collimated light beam
Vibration Amici prism (100) rear polarizer state do not change, after rotated clockwise by farad rotator (101) polarization direction
45 °, enter wave plate (102) 45 ° of rotation counterclockwise afterwards, the polarization state of light beam 1 does not change at this time, enters polarization point later
Light prism (103) injects the curved surface of end cap (14) afterwards, is coupled to the output of optical fiber (13) tail core by curved surface.Light beam 2 enters optical fiber
(13) expanded at polarization splitting prism (103) are injected after entering circulator core after collimated light beam, partially by the curved surface of end face (14)
Vibration direction does not change, after by rotating clockwise 45 ° into wave plate (102) rear polarizer direction, after by farad rotator
(101) 45 ° are rotated clockwise, is that 90 ° of deflection occurs for polarization state when the polarization state of light beam 2 is relative to incidence at this time, it
Enter 90 ° of the offset that the direction of propagation of polarization splitting prism (100) light beam afterwards occurs afterwards, rear light beam 2 injects end cap (16)
Curved surface is coupled to the output of optical fiber (15) tail core by curved surface.
The optical fiber circulator of the present embodiment, the circulator of relative lens coupling, structure is simple, small in size, optical quality
Height, loss is small, and coupling efficiency is also greatly improved.
Embodiment 4
The production method and condition of optical fiber and end cap that this implementation uses are same as Example 1.
Referring to Fig. 5, optical fiber circulator includes optical fiber (11) and end cap (12), optical fiber (13) and end cap (14), optical fiber (15)
With end cap (16), optical circulator core (35), radiator (not shown), optical circulator core (35) includes pattern displacement device
(20), wave plate (21), Faraday rotator (22), wave plate (23), Faraday rotator (24), pattern displacement device (25), wave plate
(26), Faraday rotator (27), wave plate (28), Faraday rotator (29), pattern displacement device (30), wave plate (31), farad
Rotator (32), wave plate (33), Faraday rotator (34).
Pattern displacement device (20), pattern displacement device (25), pattern displacement device (30) are successively arranged in optical path;
Wave plate (21) is placed in front of Faraday rotator (22), and wave plate (23) is placed in front of Faraday rotator (24), wave
Piece (31) is placed in front of Faraday rotator (32), and wave plate (33) is placed in front of Faraday rotator (34);
Wave plate (21) and Faraday rotator (22), wave plate (23) and Faraday rotator (24), wave plate (31) and farad
Rotator (32), wave plate (33) and Faraday rotator (34) are arranged side by side in pattern displacement device (20) and pattern displacement device
(25) between;
Wave plate (26) is placed in front of Faraday rotator (27), and wave plate (28) is placed in front of Faraday rotator (29);
Wave plate (26) and Faraday rotator (27), wave plate (28) and Faraday rotator (29) are arranged side by side in light beam position
It moves between device (25) and pattern displacement device (30).
Light beam 1 enters optical fiber (11) and is sent out afterwards at after collimated light beam into circulator core (35) by the curved surface expansion of end face (12)
Raw offset, the curved surface for injecting end cap (14) afterwards are coupled to the output of optical fiber (13) tail core, and light beam 2 passes through end face into optical fiber (13)
(14) curved surface, which expands, injects the curved surface of end face (16) at shifting after collimated light beam into circulator core, is coupled to by curved surface
The tail core of optical fiber (15) exports, and specific optical path process is as follows:
Light beam 1 enters optical fiber (11) and enters circulator core (35) at after collimated light beam by the curved surface expansion of end face (12), warp
It crosses light beam Bit Shift device (20) and is decomposed into two-beam 1o and 1e that two beams are mutually perpendicular to polarization state separation, the direction of propagation is identical,
That is normal light 1o and anti-long light 1e, the two polarization direction differ 90 °.1e light is rotated clockwise by wave plate (21) rear polarizer direction
45 °, after by Faraday rotator (22) polarization direction rotate clockwise 45 ° again, at this point, the polarization direction of 1e light is complete in 90 °
Deflection.1o light rotates 45 ° by wave plate (23) rear polarizer direction counterclockwise, after by Faraday rotator (24) polarization direction
45 ° are rotated clockwise, the polarization direction of 1e light does not change.At this point, the polarization direction phase of the polarization direction of 1e light and 1o light
Together, rear 1e light and 1o light pass through pattern displacement device (25), and polarization state does not change.1e light passes through wave plate (26) rear polarizer direction
45 ° of rotation counterclockwise, after by Faraday rotator (27) polarization direction rotate clockwise 45 ° again, the polarization side of 1e light at this time
To there is no variations.1o light rotates clockwise 45 ° by wave plate (28) rear polarizer direction, after by Faraday rotator (29)
Polarization direction rotates clockwise 45 °, and polarization direction has rotated clockwise 90 °.At this point, the polarization direction of 1e light and 1o light differs
90 °, i.e., polarization direction is mutually perpendicular to.Later, 1e light and 1o light carry out closing Shu Biancheng light beam 1 laggard by pattern displacement device (30)
The curved surface for entering end cap (14) is exported by the tail core that curved surface be coupled to optical fiber (13).
Light beam 2 enters optical fiber (13) and enters circulator core (35) at after collimated light beam by the curved surface expansion of end face (14), warp
It crosses pattern displacement device (30) and is decomposed into the orthogonal two-beam 2o and 2e in two beam polarization directions, the direction of propagation is identical, i.e., just
Ordinary light 2o and anti-long light 2e, the polarization direction of the two differ 90 °.2e light is clockwise by Faraday rotator (29) polarization direction
45 ° of rotation, rear light rotate 45 ° by wave plate (28) rear polarizer direction counterclockwise, i.e., the polarization direction of 2e light does not change at this time
Become.2o light first rotates clockwise 45 ° by Faraday rotator (27), then rotates clockwise 45 °, i.e. 2o by wave plate (28)
90 ° are had rotated between the polarization direction up time of light.At this point, the polarization direction of 2e with 2o light is identical.2e and 2o light passes through light beam position afterwards
It moves device (25), the two direction of propagation shifts simultaneously.Later, 2e light passes through Faraday rotator (34), and polarization direction is first suitable
Hour hands rotate 45 °, and after wave plate (33), polarization direction rotates clockwise 45 ° again, and the polarization direction of 2e is revolved clockwise at this time
Turn 90 °.2o light passes through Faraday rotator (32), and polarization direction first rotates clockwise 45 °, after wave plate (31), polarization
Direction another mistake hour hands rotate 45 °, i.e., the polarization direction of 2o light does not change at this time.Before incident beam shifter (20), 2o
The polarization direction of light and 2e light differs 90 °, and 2o light and 2e light pass through pattern displacement device (20) and close beam into light beam 2, and light beam 2 passes through
The curved surface for crossing end cap (16) is coupled to the tail core output of optical fiber (15).
Radiator in this implementation is being not shown in the figure, radiator can be installed to the back side of substrate, front and
Other suitable heat dissipation positions, optical fiber circulator is also equipped with the heat management system of accessory mounting plate, it can be achieved that circulator is in height
It works under the conditions of power laser.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, it is noted that for the common skill of the art
Art personnel can also make several improvement and supplement under the premise of not departing from the utility model method, these are improved and supplement
Also it should be regarded as the protection scope of the utility model.