CN208056023U - 带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝 - Google Patents

带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝 Download PDF

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CN208056023U
CN208056023U CN201820432597.0U CN201820432597U CN208056023U CN 208056023 U CN208056023 U CN 208056023U CN 201820432597 U CN201820432597 U CN 201820432597U CN 208056023 U CN208056023 U CN 208056023U
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马三玲
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝。现有拦河坝不方便鱼类洄流，为此，本带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝，包括拦河坝本体，拦河坝本体上开设有过船通道，过船通道两端分别设有船闸门，其特征在于：所述过船通道一侧侧壁上设有N个门槽，每个门槽内设有一个伸缩门，所述过船通道另一侧侧壁开有N个卡槽，上述卡槽与伸缩门一一对应，伸缩门伸展时，可以卡入对应卡槽，伸缩门收缩时完全缩入门槽内，上述伸缩门上沿高度自上游向下游依次递减，相邻伸缩门上沿高度差不超过0.5米，其中N为正整数。本实用新型带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝具有结构简单，施工量小，投资少的优点，适用于各种需要修改水坝的河流。

Description

带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝。
背景技术
由于前期对生态环境不够重视，我国在长江、黄河、大运河等大江、大河上修建的大坝坝体都没有设置方便鱼类洄流的鱼梯。
这些大坝截断了鱼类的洄游通道,使栖息地破碎化,原有的水文规律和江湖关系均发生改变,影响了长江的鱼类资源,有些鱼类种群数量受到威胁,有些甚至从此消失。大坝的隔离使产卵场规模萎缩,江湖关系的改变使江湖洄游鱼类所占比重越来越小,鲤鱼等定居性鱼类明显增长。从20世纪50年代至现在,四大家鱼的分布和种群密度减少,四大家鱼资源量及鱼苗产量均呈下降趋势。大坝修建后引起下游河道冲刷,三口分流比减小。分流比与四大家鱼在渔获总量中所占比例为高度正相关关系,相关系数为0.92。三口分流水量与四大家鱼产量及中游及洞庭湖鱼苗产量有较好的正相关关系。监利鱼苗受产卵期流量、水位变化的影响,三峡工程蓄水后,四大家鱼鱼苗的资源量下降了90％以上,资源量也下降了50％以上,工程建设对鱼苗的影响更加直接,而对四大家鱼产量的影响相对有些滞后。随着三峡大坝的蓄水,下游河道的冲刷,三口分流流量持续减少,四大家鱼产量也持续减少。
现有技术迫切需要一种结构简单、方便鱼类洄流的新型拦河坝。
实用新型内容
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是如何克服现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝。
为解决上述技术问题，本带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝，包括拦河坝本体，拦河坝本体上开设有过船通道，过船通道两端分别设有船闸门，其特征在于：所述过船通道一侧侧壁上设有N个门槽，每个门槽内设有一个伸缩门，所述过船通道另一侧侧壁开有N个卡槽，上述卡槽与伸缩门一一对应，伸缩门伸展时，可以卡入对应卡槽，伸缩门收缩时完全缩入门槽内，上述伸缩门上沿高度自上游向下游依次递减，相邻伸缩门上沿高度差不超过0.5米，其中N为正整数。
到了鱼类洄游季节，先将前后船闸门关闭，然后，将各个伸缩门伸展，并使其外端卡入对应卡槽内，然后打开下游船闸门，再打开上游船闸门，上游的水依次流过各个伸缩门，形成多级瀑布，由于相邻伸缩门上沿高度差不超过0.5米，各个瀑布前后水面高度差不超过0.5米，下游鱼类，很容易跳过各个瀑布，到达上游水域。当洄游季节结束时，关闭上下游船闸门，将各个伸缩门复原，然后过船通道及船闸门即可正常使用了。
如此设计，鱼类洄游时，过船通道供鱼洄游通过，其他时间，还可以作为过船通道，正常使用。
作为优化，每个伸缩门上还设有一个升降板，所述升降板的上沿高度即为伸缩门的上沿高度。如此设计，便于调节各节伸缩门的高度，适应上下游不同水位的要求。
本实用新型带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝具有结构简单，施工量小，投资少的优点，适用于各种需要修改水坝的河流。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本实用新型带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝作进一步说明：
图1是本带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝实施方式一俯视结构示意图；
图2是本带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝的实施方式二的结构示意图(A为其局部剖面结构放大示意图)。
图中：1为拦河坝本体、2为过船通道、3为船闸门、4为门槽、5为伸缩门、6为卡槽、7为升降板。
具体实施方式
实施方式一：如图1-2所示，本带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝包括拦河坝本体1，拦河坝本体1上开设有过船通道2，过船通道2两端分别设有船闸门3，其特征在于：所述过船通道2一侧侧壁上设有N个门槽4，每个门槽4内设有一个伸缩门5，所述过船通道2另一侧侧壁上开有N个卡槽6，上述卡槽6与伸缩门5一一对应，伸缩门5伸展时，可以卡入对应卡槽6，伸缩门5收缩时完全缩入门槽4内，上述伸缩门5上沿高度自上游向下游依次递减，相邻伸缩门5上沿高度差不超过0.5米，其中N为正整数。
每个伸缩门5上还设有一个升降板7，所述升降板7的上沿高度即为伸缩门5的上沿高度。

Claims (2)

1.一种带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝，包括拦河坝本体，拦河坝本体上开设有过船通道，过船通道两端分别设有船闸门，其特征在于：所述过船通道一侧侧壁上设有N个门槽，每个门槽内设有一个伸缩门，所述过船通道另一侧侧壁上开有N个卡槽，上述卡槽与伸缩门一一对应，伸缩门伸展时，可以卡入对应卡槽，伸缩门收缩时完全缩入门槽内，上述伸缩门上沿高度自上游向下游依次递减，相邻伸缩门上沿高度差不超过0.5米，其中N为正整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝，其特征在于：每个伸缩门上还设有一个升降板，所述升降板的上沿高度即为伸缩门的上沿高度。
CN201820432597.0U 2018-03-28 2018-03-28 带有便于鱼类洄游的船闸的拦河坝 Active CN208056023U (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113174907A (zh) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-27 广州珠江水资源保护科技发展有限公司 提升鱼类洄游效率的鱼道结构及其施工方法
CN113235530A (zh) * 2021-04-06 2021-08-10 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 利于鱼类稳定顺利洄游的鱼道系统

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113235530A (zh) * 2021-04-06 2021-08-10 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 利于鱼类稳定顺利洄游的鱼道系统
CN113174907A (zh) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-27 广州珠江水资源保护科技发展有限公司 提升鱼类洄游效率的鱼道结构及其施工方法
CN113174907B (zh) * 2021-04-29 2022-05-20 广州珠江水资源保护科技发展有限公司 提升鱼类洄游效率的鱼道结构及其施工方法

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