CN207967596U - Equivalent ion resistance thunder unit, resistance thunder drain voltage detection device and Integrated Lightning protection System - Google Patents
Equivalent ion resistance thunder unit, resistance thunder drain voltage detection device and Integrated Lightning protection System Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model is related to a kind of equivalent ion resistance thunder unit, resistance thunder drain voltage detection device and Integrated Lightning protection Systems, including top electrode, lower electrode and dielectric, in the lower electrode upper end of dielectric lower end insertion, retain cavity between top surface in the insertion top electrode lower end of dielectric upper end and in dielectric upper surface and top electrode, the top electrode lower face and top electrode upper surface retention gap, the top electrode upper surface setting is multiple to connect sudden strain of a muscle bar.In the utility model, equivalent ion resistance thunder unit is mounted on the top of highest building in protection domain, such as high building, television tower, electric tower, aerogram launching tower, the pylon of tourist attraction setting, chimney etc., the aggregation of bar progress energy is dodged using contour the connecing in the upper end, then carry out around the dielectric in charge and, make thundercloud energy expenditure at the effective radius of equipment periphery, and the leakage path of downlink can not be formed, residual voltage after resistance thunder is less than or close to 120 volts, be struck by lightning the voltage released when being greatly less than normal condition, it ensure that building is inside and outside and the work safety of periphery electrical equipment and communications facility.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to equivalent ion resistance thunder device structure innovative technologyField, especially a kind of equivalent ion resistance thunder
Unit, resistance thunder drain voltage detection device and Integrated Lightning protection System.
Background technology
Thunder and lightning is between the thundercloud with the charges of different polarity or the electric discharge phenomena between electrically charged thundercloud and the earth, is put in all lightning strokes
In electric form, thundercloud has larger electric current and higher to the electric discharge of the negative polarity of the earth or the earth to the positive polarity electric discharge of thundercloud
Energy, lightning strike protection is the most concern is the current waveform and lightning parameter of lightning discharge each time, specifically：1. peak point current：
When lightning current, which flows through, is hit object, the raising for being hit object temperature can be caused, lead to the damage for being hit object, be hit when lightning current flows through
Prodigious electromagnetic force can also be generated when object, the object bending that can also make to be hit of electromagnetic force is even broken, in addition, being produced in thunder and lightning circulation road
The strong high temperature of raw electric arc can also generate great destruction to being hit object；2. transfer charge：It is most of when object is by being struck by lightning
Electric charge transfer be all happened at during the lightning current that the duration is longer and amplitude is relatively low, these are long-term
Electric current will generate localized metallic fusing and bright plaque point being hit object surface, be also possible to cause metal molten if electric current is sufficiently large
Change；3. electric current steepness：Induced overvoltage can damage the control system for being hit object or electronic device and induced overvoltage and lightning current
Steepness it is closely related, lightning current steepness is bigger, and induced voltage is higher.As electronic equipment is by lightning surge (standard
In again often claim atmospheric over-voltage) and the loss of switching overvoltage (input of power grid or excision, also known as switching overvoltage) it is increasingly tight
Weight.
Currently, main thunder resisting equipment is lightning rod, it is a kind of device of Franklin's utility model before more than 260 years,
Even to this day, by lightning rod draw thunder release with entering charge theory and practice be rooted in the hearts of the people, International Power tissue and
Various countries' lightning protection circle, as lightening protection engineering standard all using based on this theory.
In GB50057-94, a large amount of term and definitions for quoting IEC, as lightning protection device " is used for needing in IEC
The whole device of lightning protection electrical effect is made in the space of lightning protection, it is made of external lightning protection device and internal lighting protection device ", " outside is anti-
Thunder device is made of arrester, downlead and earthing or grounding means ", " internal lighting protection device is the whole in addition to external lightning protection device
Addition thereto.They may reduce lightning current generated galvanomagnetic-effect in the space for needing lightning protection ".A word in standard
It is；" lightning protection device cannot prevent the formation of lightning ", the words has carried out following modification by China's lightning protection expert：" it should pay attention to
It arrives, up to the present there are no the generations that a kind of device (or method) can prevent thunder and lightning, also that lightning stroke can not prevented to arrive building
On utensil and method, sudden strain of a muscle is connect using metal material, draws lower and to import the earth be currently the only effective external lightening arresting method.”
Although in strict accordance with international thunder-strike prevention standard constructing operation, they are also only possible to reduction lightning current and are needing lightning protection
Generated galvanomagnetic-effect in space ", lightning strike accident still constantly occurs.
In recent years, new shocking preventing technology was researched and developed both at home and abroad to emerge one after another, but all do not promoted on a large scale, study carefully its original
Because being exactly that up to the present can accurately be verified with science data there are no a kind of new lightning rod or shocking preventing technology and compare mesh
The standard safety and reliability that preceding IEC/TC81 is formulated.
Since the end of last century, China's scientists have carried out various spies in terms of lightning protection research on theory and practice
It begs for, main purpose is intended to solve atmospheric over-voltage, lightning current the electromagnetism effect caused by local space using external lightning protection means
It answers.Such as technical solution disclosed in following Chinese patent：1. the patent No.：CN201520423922.3, patent name are passive compound
Strong ionization discharge plasma refuses thunder device；2. the patent No.：CN200410022185.2, patent name integrated active and it is passive etc. from
Sub- lightning protection method and device；3. the patent No.：CN200810056106.8, the method and apparatus of patent name electric charge lightning guidance；4. specially
Profit number：CN03103706.2, patent name Switch type charge amplifier plasma lightning-protection system.Above several technologies one are altogether
It is same, it is earth-free or do not depend on ground connection equipotential and release thundercloud charge thunder-strike prevention standard to solve just to be attempt to be detached from the existing thunder that draws
Certainly external lightning protection purpose, there are many more similar patents, and the innovation purpose of these patents is provided to solve the high electricity of thundercloud charge
Pressure and thundercloud electric current are to by the destruction of protective.The improvement of some external lightning rods is also for solution or alleviates direct attack
The destruction of thunder, only French at present, Spain and Yugoslavia have approved E.S.E respectively (has discharging in advance function
Lightning rod) standard, but in IEC/TC81 meetings, specific decision is not all made, the scientist that only calls upon States is to this kind of
Lightning arrester make deeper into research.
In conclusion not yet i.e. comprising the effective resistance thunder equipment being different from the prior art and synchronous verification, statistics thunder
The system hit comes out, and existing lightning protection can be substituted or change by being badly in need of a kind of proof itself that lightning protection measures can be qualitative, quantitative
Standard simultaneously provides sufficient, effective evidence.
Utility model content
The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide thundercloud it is close when can carry out energy in advance
Capture, neutralize using the plasma of generation thundercloud charge and ground surface charge respectively, block thunder and lightning down going channel and vent discharge
Press a kind of low-down equivalent ion resistance thunder unit.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is that：
A kind of equivalent ion resistance thunder unit, it is characterised in that：Including top electrode, lower electrode and dielectric, dielectric
In the lower electrode upper end of lower end insertion, dielectric upper end is embedded in top electrode lower end and in dielectric upper surface and top electrode
Retain cavity, the top electrode lower face and top electrode upper surface retention gap, the top electrode upper surface setting between top surface
It is multiple to connect sudden strain of a muscle bar.
Moreover, a through-hole is from top to bottom arranged in the dielectric, a ring plate is arranged in the inner edge of the through-hole.
Moreover, on the distance between the ring plate outer rim and top electrode lower face, top electrode lower face and lower electrode
The distance between end face and the distance between lower electrode upper surface and ring plate outer rim all same.
Moreover, a through-hole is from top to bottom arranged in the dielectric, two phases are from top to bottom arranged in the inner edge of the through-hole
The set of permanent magnets of contraposition, setting even number of permanent magnets and radial equipartition is arranged in the through-hole inner edge, often in each set of permanent magnets
The magnetic pole of the end of two adjacent permanent magnets is identical in a set of permanent magnets, and two permanent magnets along the axially opposing position of through-hole are identical
The magnetic pole of end is identical.
Moreover, in the middle part of the top electrode upper surface setting one straight up connect sudden strain of a muscle bar, this, which connects, dodges powering on around bar
Pole upper surface setting multi-turn connects sudden strain of a muscle bar, and it is even number that often circle, which connects sudden strain of a muscle bar,.
It is engaged in the fixed seat filled in the mounting hole of top electrode upper surface setting moreover, each connecing and dodging bar lower end,
Connecing above fixed seat dodges one locking cap of engagement suit in bar outer rim, which is crimped on the upper end of the fixed seat
Face.
Moreover, described connect dodges the multiple conductive pins of bar upper end setting.
Another purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of resistance thunder drain voltage detection device, it is characterised in that：Including such as
Equivalent ion resistance thunder unit described in claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6 or 7 and lightning stroke drain voltage detection unit, be struck by lightning drain voltage
Detection unit is electrically connected with equivalent ion resistance thunder unit, and lightning stroke drain voltage detection unit is for detecting equivalent ion resistance thunder unit resistance
Data are simultaneously carried out remote transmission by drain voltage when thunder.
Another purpose of the utility model is to provide a kind of Integrated Lightning protection System, it is characterised in that：It is wanted including such as right
Resistance thunder drain voltage detection device, thunder-and-lightning counter unit and the thunder and lightning detection unit described in 8 are sought, multiple areas are set, each
At least one resistance thunder drain voltage detection device, at least one thunder-and-lightning counter unit, one thunder of an area setting are set in area
One thunder and lightning detection unit of electro-detection unit or multiple area settings.
Moreover, each the equivalent ion resistance thunder unit in resistance thunder drain voltage detection device installs the highest in its protection domain
Building top, each thunder-and-lightning counter unit be mounted on this area it is unobstructed it is open be located in, thunder and lightning detection is single
Member is mounted on the top of the unobstructed building in an area or multiple areas.
The advantages of the utility model and good effect are：
1. in unit, top electrode upper end is arc-shaped in raising up, one is installed vertically in arc-shaped peak
Upward connect sudden strain of a muscle bar, this connect dodge bar around installation multi-turn connect sudden strain of a muscle bar, in each circle connecing dodge bar be radial equipartition setting, this is more
A upper end height for connecing sudden strain of a muscle bar is identical, these, which connect, dodges the attraction that bar carries out thundercloud charge in thundercloud after, and in top electrode
Barrier discharge is formed at dielectric between lower electrode, to ionize the air of surrounding rapidly, is generated just after ionization
Ion and anion are neutralized with the negative electrical charge of thundercloud and the positive charge on ground respectively, are thus blocked the channel of thunder and lightning, are realized
Draw thunder but does not enter the processing mode on ground.
2. in unit, charged ion that dielectric barrier discharge generates thundery sky earth's surface 8~20 meter per seconds it is upper
It rises and scatters under airflow function, be rapidly performed by the neutralization of charged ion, and the ring plate being arranged in dielectric through-hole exists
Thundercloud charge also will produce electric discharge phenomena when gathering, and to which the plasma after air ionization is further pushed diffusion, make thunder
Cloud negative electrical charge and ground positive charge are quickly neutralized, and above-mentioned annular electrode could alternatively be set of permanent magnets, utilize the work in magnetic field
It so that plasma is accelerated diffusion, and can also realize the quick neutralization of thundercloud negative electrical charge and ground positive charge.
3. in the present apparatus, when resistance thunder unit hinders thunder, most charge is neutralized at resistance thunder unit, but still there are one
Fixed drain voltage, the work clothes state of resistance thunder unit can be proved by detecting these drain voltages, and can be according to the size of drain voltage
Parameters, these data such as maximum current, average current, beginning and ending time, environment temperature when carrying out resistance thunder cell operation can deposit
Storage carries out post analysis.
4. in this system, the working condition of resistance thunder unit being detected using drain voltage reception device, utilizes thunder-and-lightning counter list
Whether whether member detects is struck by lightning within the scope of equivalent ion resistance thunder cell protection, normal to provide resistance thunder unit resistance thunder work
Data, then coordinate the monitoring of thunder and lightning detection unit progress large area, it can further detect resistance thunder cell protection range periphery not
The parameters such as distance, position, the intensity of lightning stroke occurred less than 25 kilometer radius verify whether resistance thunder unit works for technical staff
Normally, if there is the problems such as protection dead angle.
5. in the utility model, equivalent ion resistance thunder unit is mounted on the top of highest building in protection domain, than
Such as high building, television tower, electric tower, aerogram launching tower, the pylon of tourist attraction setting, chimney etc., the upper end is utilized
Contour connect dodges the aggregation that bar carries out energy, then carried out around dielectric in charge and, so that thundercloud energy expenditure is existed
At the effective radius of equipment periphery, and the leakage path of downlink can not be formed, hinder the drain voltage after thunder and be less than or close to 120 volts, pole
The big voltage released that is struck by lightning when being less than normal condition ensure that building is inside and outside and the work of periphery electrical equipment and communications facility
Make safety.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the front view of the equivalent ion resistance thunder unit of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of setting ring plate in the dielectric of Fig. 2；
Fig. 5 is the vertical view (removing blanking cover) of the dielectric of Fig. 4；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of setting set of permanent magnets in the dielectric of Fig. 2；
Fig. 7 is the vertical view (removing blanking cover) of the dielectric of Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 is the vertical view of the lower electrode of Fig. 2；
Fig. 9 is the partial enlarged view of the lower electrode radial view of Fig. 2；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of Integrated Lightning protection System；
Figure 11 is the contrast test with lightning rod, and equivalent ion resistance thunder unit is located at electrode plate with high voltage edge；
Figure 12 is the contrast test with lightning rod, and equivalent ion resistance thunder unit is located at below electrode plate with high voltage；
Figure 13 is multiple conductive pins while to attract the schematic diagram of energy in Figure 12；
Figure 14 is the lightning stroke detects schematic diagram of embodiment 1.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, following embodiments, which are illustrative, are not limited is further illustrated to the utility model
, the scope of protection of the utility model cannot be limited with following embodiments.
A kind of equivalent ion resistance thunder unit, as shown in Fig. 1~10, the innovation of the utility model is：Including top electrode 19,
Lower electrode 22 and dielectric 20, under the insertion of dielectric lower end in electrode upper end, dielectric upper end is embedded in top electrode lower end
Retain cavity 28 between top surface in interior and dielectric upper surface and top electrode, top electrode lower face is protected with top electrode upper surface
Gap is stayed, which is W, and setting multiple connect in top electrode upper surface dodges bar 17,24.
In the present embodiment, extremely tubular is powered on, upper surface is semicircle protruding upward, and interior spiral shell is made in lower end inner edge
Line, the internal thread engage connection with the external screw thread of dielectric upper end, and screw pitch of screw thread is smaller at this, allow dielectric into
Row is micro to be risen or fallen, and dielectric lower end is directly embedded into the multiple insulation spiral shells in lower electrode and passing through lower electrode bottom surface 23
Bolt 33 is fixed, and the bottom surface of lower electrode is a flange, which is connect by multiple bolts with the pedestal of building upper end.
A through-hole 34 is from top to bottom arranged in dielectric, and a ring plate is arranged on the boss 32 of the inner edge of the through-hole
31.Ring plate is as shown in Figure 4, the distance between outer rim and top electrode lower face W1, top electrode lower face and lower electrode
The distance between upper surface W and the distance between lower electrode upper surface and ring plate outer rim W2 all sames.The mesh of the structure
Be：Barrier discharge at first is generated between top electrode, dielectric and lower electrode, and thus generates electron avalanche, and ring pole
Also barrier discharge at second can be generated at plate under the induction of thundercloud large charge, this at second barrier discharge further push first
Locate the charged ion of barrier discharge generation to dielectric external diffusion, it is thus achieved that the positive charge at first after barrier discharge exists
Under the ascending air effect of 8~20 meter per seconds of thundery sky earth's surface is lower and the attraction of thundercloud negative electrical charge rapidly rising and with thundercloud bottom
The negative electrical charge in portion combines, and negative electrical charge is captured and neutralized by ground positive charge rapidly due to the activity of its own.
Other than acceleration may be implemented in ring plate, can also two phases be from top to bottom set in the inner edge of through-hole
The set of permanent magnets 36 of contraposition, the gap X between two set of permanent magnets are 20~30 millimeters, and even number is arranged in each set of permanent magnets
The magnetic pole phase of the end of two permanent magnets adjacent in through-hole inner edge, each set of permanent magnets is arranged in permanent magnet and radial equipartition
Together, the magnetic pole along two permanent magnet same ends of the axially opposing position of through-hole is identical.Specifically：The set of permanent magnets being located above is
2,4,6,8 or 10, underlying set of permanent magnets also makes same quantity, has identical quantity in upper and lower set of permanent magnets
Permanent magnet and each permanent magnet aligned in through-hole axial direction, such as：There are four permanent magnets for each set of permanent magnets, and top is N-
S, S-N, N-S and S-N, also the same arrangement of lower section.It is arranged by such, makes the band that barrier discharge generates at first
Electron ion is quickly spread under the promotion in magnetic field, also increases the neutralization speed of charge, can be faster by the energy expenditure of thundercloud
Fall.
The either structure of ring plate or the structure of permanent magnet are both provided with blanking cover 30 in through-hole top and bottom,
The protrusion that two blanking covers extend into through-hole mutually aligns, and two blanking covers form a channel 29, which will be in top electrode
The air hole 35 outputed by lower electrode bottom surface of cavity be connected to air.
The connecing straight up of setting one dodges bar 24 in the middle part of top electrode upper surface, this connects the top electrode upper surface dodged around bar
Setting multi-turn, which connects, dodges bar 17, and it is even number that often circle, which connects sudden strain of a muscle bar,.Each sudden strain of a muscle bar lower end that connects is engaged on the setting of top electrode upper surface
Mounting hole 27 in the fixed seat 26 that is filled, connecing above fixed seat dodges one locking cap 25 of engagement suit in bar outer rim, should
Locking cap bottom surface is crimped on the upper surface of the fixed seat.Specifically：There is external screw thread outside fixed seat and be engaged in top electrode,
There is internal thread and engagement to connect in fixed seat and dodge bar lower end, locking cap has above internal thread and engagement connection fixing base
Connect and dodge bar lower end.
Multiple conductive pins 15 (conductive pin is generally 5~7) are set on connecing the mounting base 16 for dodging bar upper end, are being installed
A vertical conductive pin upward is arranged in seat peak, and a circle conductive pin is arranged in the mounting base on the outside of the conductive pin, which leads
The angle between conductive pin and vertical conductive pin upward in acusector is 60 degree or so.
It is five that connecing in figure, which dodges bar quantity, and being at most arranged 25, (rough arrangement mode is：Vertical direction
, and dodge that bar cramp angle is 35~45 4~8 are met vertically, and meet dodge that bar cramp angle is 80~90 degree 8~16 vertically by 1), nothing
Bar, conductive pin are dodged respectively with how many by connecing, at the upper end for needing all conductive pins in extreme higher position for connecing and dodging bar upper end
In all connecing in a rough horizontal plane, can be enable to dodge bar in this way thundercloud charge is carried out at the same time in thundercloud downlink
Attract, while can effectively attract the charge for generating sideflash and rapid focused energy.
Height of the top electrode peak away from lower electrode bottom surface is 150~600 millimeters, and the outer diameter of top electrode and lower electrode is 80
~400 millimeters, the gap W between top electrode and lower electrode is 25~45 millimeters.
The vertical height of dielectric is 60~100 millimeters, and 1~5 is coaxially made in the dielectric outer rim of gap location
Annular ridge 21, each fin outboard end be arc-shaped transition, the vertical height preferably 80 of dielectric, fin preferably 3, often
Height on the vertical direction of a annular ridge is 5~10 millimeters, upper end joining place, fin outer fringe surface and the fin of fin
Lower end joining place be arc-shaped transition.
Since top electrode lower face and lower electrode upper end surface generate the electric discharge phenomena of charging neutrality, in order to avoid lower electrode
Upper surface is somewhere discharged for a long time, and lower electrode upper surface is made to the double wedge shape 37 of radial equipartition, the apex angle of each double wedge with
And the angle β between two double wedge shapes is respectively less than 60 degree.
For the contrast test of resistance thunder unit and lightning rod as shown in Figure 11,12,13, electrode plate with high voltage 40 is in ten tens of thousands of volts
High potential, basal plane 44 simulate the ground of low potential, and lightning rod is mounted on basal plane, and upper end is tip Yin Lei mechanisms 41, hinders thunder list
Member is mounted on trolley 42 and is realized by the traction rope 43 that insulate and moved back and forth, and car wheel is made of metal, with basal plane conduction.
1. electrode plate with high voltage is powered, trolley is pulled, it is made to be moved to electrode plate with high voltage direction；
2. when trolley is close to electrode plate with high voltage edge, as shown in figure 11, occurs electricity between conductive pin and electrode plate with high voltage
Arc 39, trolley continue to move；
3. when trolley as shown in figure 12 is completely into below electrode plate with high voltage, the electric arc at lightning rod disappears, and on
There is electrical discharge arc 45 at dielectric between electrode plate and lower electrode plate, diameter of the electrical discharge arc in top electrode and lower electrode
Occur at random to direction.
By above-mentioned experiment it is found that when the rigid close electrode plate with high voltage of trolley such as Figure 11, due between top electrode and lower electrode
Not enough energy ionized airs, so electric arc appearance is still suffered from, and after energy abundance as shown in figure 12, electrical discharge arc
There is and consume the energy of electrode plate with high voltage downlink, so there will be no electric arc to occur between electrode plate with high voltage and lightning rod,
Lightning rod is entirely ineffective at this time.
By calculating, in above-mentioned experiment, the conductive pin upper end of peak is identical with the height of lightning rod upper end, that is, hinders thunder list
Building within the scope of 174 degree of the protection domain of member angle α covering substantially shown in FIG. 1, within 800 meters of thunder unit of resistance
Building can be effectively protected.
During the experiment, as shown in figure 13, when trolley is close to electrode plate with high voltage edge, multiple conductive pins and high-field electrode
Occur multiple electric arcs 39 between edges of boards edge, it means that all conductive pins can attract the charge at electrode plate with high voltage, can be quickly
Completion primary power accumulation, make air ionization as early as possible and neutralize positive and negative charge.
From above-mentioned contrast test：
1. it is fast to penetrate through the velocity of discharge：Due to the plasma that more conductive pin effects and induction generate, anisotropic band electrochondria is generated
Sub- position closer to electrode plate with high voltage simulation thundercloud charge so more rapidly penetrating through electric discharge than general lightning rod.This is tested
Card, the resistance thunder unit perforation electric discharge of equivalent ion is faster, and thundercloud charge is released faster, and thundercloud charge cumlative energy is eased, right
Ground harm reduces.
2. protecting angle big：The angle nearly reaches 90 degree, and dielectric barrier discharge process generates charged particle, quickly
Adsorb thundercloud, ground energy of a charge, make equal height lightning rod fail.
3. neutralization is good：The voltage of electrode plate with high voltage is 18~22 kilovolts, the electric leakage at drain voltage detection unit of being struck by lightning
Pressure value is less than 120 volts, and about 99% or more is neutralized, and drain voltage is less than 1%.
In actual use, equivalent ion resistance thunder unit installs the highest building top in its protection domain, such as Fig. 1
Shown, high building 6, chimney 11, the pedestal 4 on electric tower 13 can install resistance thunder unit 3, and conductive pin thereon can be inhaled
The charge for drawing the multiple descending leaders 1,2 of thundercloud herein, makes energy rapid accumulation, and the conductive pin on chimney, electric tower
The charge of descending leader 10,12 is attracted to carry out the rapid accumulation of energy simultaneously.After energy rapid accumulation is good, top electrode and lower electricity
Electrical discharge arc is generated at pole, by field survey, when 20 kilovolts of thundercloud electric field, 99% or more charge is neutralised, only pole
The drain voltage of fraction generates.
It, can the multiple lightning strokes electric leakages of setting corresponding with equivalent ion resistance thunder unit in order to detect specific how high drain voltage
Detection unit is pressed, specifically：One metal bolts can be installed in the flange of lower electrode, it is made to connect one end of a conducting wire 5,
Then the other end of the conducting wire can connect a lightning stroke drain voltage detection unit 7, and the unit is for detecting equivalent ion resistance thunder
Unit hinder thunder when drain voltage and data are subjected to remote transmission.Concrete structure is as shown in figure 11：The unit includes voltage and current
Detection module, central control module, memory module, warming module, GPS module, big dipper module and wireless transport module, voltage electricity
Flowing detection module can be using voltage transformer, current transformer to detect the voltage and current on conducting wire, central control module
It is separately connected measure voltage ＆amp, memory module, warming module, GPS module, big dipper module and wireless transport module, is deposited
Storage module is used for determination of the environment temperature, GPS module, the Big Dipper for keeping in the data such as voltage, electric current, temperature, time, warming module
Module is used to obtain the data of current location, and central control module is regularly by wireless transport module by voltage, electric current, temperature
The data such as degree, beginning and ending time, location information are transported to by wireless transmission method at host computer 38.It is examined in each resistance thunder drain voltage
It surveys in device and is additionally provided with solar panel 37, solar power generation intelligent control module and battery module, solar cell
Plate receives optical signal and is converted to electric signal, is then stored into battery module by solar power generation intelligent control module,
Solar power generation intelligent control module is carried out at the same time the power supply of a module.
In actual use, it other than it can carry out lightning protection to certain several adjacent buildings, can also compare such as：
Supply line, high ferro, groups of building, substation, military installations, mobile object, forest lightning protection, tourist attraction, stadium and school district,
The vast area of the floor spaces such as mobile communication launching tower carries out effective lightning protection, and structure is：Some transmission line of electricity is arranged
For area 1, it is adjacent be set as area 2, and so on, multiple areas are set, and each area can only there are one resistance thunder electric leakages
Detection device is pressed, the protection domain that thunder unit can also be hindered according to equivalent ion is divided, and multiple resistance thunder drain voltage inspections are arranged
Survey device, with resistance thunder drain voltage detection device cooperation at least one thunder-and-lightning counter unit 9 of setting, can also be arranged it is multiple,
Each thunder-and-lightning counter unit be mounted on the equivalent ion resistance thunder unit of this area lower section or this area it is unobstructed open
It is located in.
In Fig. 1,1 tool of area is high building 6, chimney 11 and electric tower 13 respectively there are three building, on each building
One equivalent ion resistance thunder unit 3 of setting, mating setting there are three lightning stroke drain voltage detection unit 7, the negative electrical charge of thundercloud with
And the positive charge on ground 8 equivalent ion hinder thunder unit in by plasma respectively in and, with this realize three buildings and
The protection of periphery annex.Area 1,2,3,4,5 occupies larger area, such as the region of 25 kilometers of radius, this area
All regions in domain share a thunder and lightning detection unit 14, and thunder and lightning detection unit is the benefit to drain voltage detection unit of being struck by lightning
Fill, whether the region for being used to monitor larger area occurs thunder-strike phenomenon, and the detection of thunder-and-lightning counter unit to be it be nearby
It is no to be struck by lightning, by thunder-and-lightning counter unit and thunder and lightning detection unit, it can further confirm equivalent ion resistance thunder unit
Whether work is normal, if there are dead angles, if effectively hinders thunder.
Above-mentioned thunder and lightning detection unit is mounted on the top of the unobstructed building in an area or multiple areas, knot
Structure is as shown in Figure 10：Including lightning stroke flashlight detection part and lightning stroke electric field detection part, the former includes photodiode group mould
Block, current-voltage conversion module, amplification filter module and A/D conversion modules；The latter includes electric field antenna module, amplification filtering mould
Block and A/D conversion modules.Photodiode group module connects A/D with amplification filter module by current-voltage conversion module and turns
One end of block is changed the mold, electric field antenna module connects one end of another A/D conversion module, two A/D by amplifying filter module
The other end of conversion module is all connected with central control module, which is carried out by wireless transport module and host computer
Data transmission, central control module are connected with memory module, GPS module and big dipper module.
Photodiode group is mounted on the higher position of the unobstructed building in an area or multiple areas, can direction
All directions receive the light that lightning generates by it, photosensitive since the energy of flash of light concentrates near ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral coverage
Diode group can receive longer-distance flash of light, especially change very fast flashing signal.Electric field antenna receives soon
Referring again to the output signal of photodiode group after the electric field change of speed, it is finally confirmed as lightning stroke, and calculate lightning stroke
The information such as direction, change intensity.
Embodiment 1
Place：North China firing base (due to specific geography information involved in table, attached drawing, divulge a secret in order to prevent, ground
The information such as name, longitude and latitude are by processing), which is located at mountain area area.
Equipment：Equivalent ion resistance thunder unit, lightning stroke drain voltage detection unit, thunder-and-lightning counter unit and thunder and lightning detection are single
Member, equivalent ion resistance thunder unit are separately positioned on 30 meters, on 92 meters of steel towers, and a lightning stroke drain voltage is arranged in corresponding each steel tower
Detection unit, multiple thunder-and-lightning counter units and a thunder and lightning detection unit are arranged in the base and surrounding area, and thunder and lightning counts
Device unit is located in mounted on open on steel tower, and thunder and lightning detection unit is mounted on 92 meters of steel towers.
In in mid-August, 2017, which there are continuous three days Severe thunderstorms, and precipitation reaches 700 millis
Rice, the cloud-to-ground flash measured by thunder-and-lightning counter unit and thunder and lightning detection unit in three days and cloud-flashes more than totally 26000 times, three
The detection data of its thunder and lightning is shown in Table 1~3：
S20170811
| The thunder and lightning time started | The thunder and lightning end time | Positive Ground flash | Negative Ground flash | It is dodged between cloud | Thunder and lightning amounts to |
| 0:15:28 | 18:37:35 | 290 | 252 | 1648 | 2190 |
Table 1：August thunder and lightning detection data on the 11st
S20170812
| The thunder and lightning time started | The thunder and lightning end time | Positive Ground flash | Negative Ground flash | It is dodged between cloud | Thunder and lightning amounts to |
| 7:53:20 | 20:46:50 | 6899 | 5583 | 8953 | 21435 |
Table 2：August thunder and lightning detection data on the 12nd
S20170813
| The thunder and lightning time started | The thunder and lightning end time | Positive Ground flash | Negative Ground flash | It is dodged between cloud | Thunder and lightning amounts to |
| 8:35:38 | 21:09:56 | 188 | 198 | 2587 | 2973 |
Table 3：August thunder and lightning detection data on the 13rd
As shown in figure 14, lightning symbol is the lightning stroke detected in figure, and dumbbell symbology needs the position paid close attention to,
It is divided into two parts in the base, first part is the dumbbell symbol compact district being located above, and second part is to be located at middle lower section
Dumbbell symbol compact district, there are 30 meters of steel towers and 92 meters of steel towers, two parts area that substantially broken line encases in two parts respectively
Domain (is influenced, be not the shape of rule) by alpine terrain, and 30 meters of steel towers and 92 meters of steel towers are respectively provided in two parts.
Severe thunderstorm process is as follows on 08 12nd, 2017：Centered on No. 4 meteorological stations, 30 kilometer range of radius
Interior, the thunderstorm duration is 13 hours, and thunderbolt intensity is 1.66~90.26KVA, and thunder and lightning sum is 21435, and table 4 is examined for thunder and lightning
The data that unit measures are surveyed, due to overabundance of data, only provide partial data, wherein self registering latitude and longitude information is omitted.
Table 4：The data that thunder and lightning detection unit measures
As can be known from Table 4, the August lightning stroke occurred on the 12nd is very intensive, and region is very big, referring to Figure 14, by thunder
The detection of electric counter unit and thunder and lightning detection unit, broken line region right side top and right side central are region occurred frequently of being struck by lightning, and
It is lightning stroke region occurred frequently on the left of broken line region, multiple drain voltages that corresponding two lightning strokes drain voltage detection voltage detecting arrives are equal
Less than 120 volts, on the electrical equipment of steel tower itself and periphery without influence.
The direct lightning strike for occurring a cloud-to-ground flash in detection process is shown in the lightning symbol of the triangle mark in Figure 14
Number, by analysis, which is exactly in the region between the resistance thunder cell protection range of the equivalent ion on two steel towers, i.e.,
Effective radius of 800 meters more than equivalent ion resistance thunder unit, leads to the appearance of only one direct lightning strike.
As shown in the above, equivalent ion resistance thunder unit is effectively protected the first part in the base, second part
Location and the various electrical equipments being arranged inside.
Embodiment 2
Place：Middle Bohai Sea island, 2.72 square kilometres of floor space, the island are located in Bohai Sea innerland, northwest side lamp tower
The height above sea level on mountain is 180 meters, and the islands annual thunderstorm Ji Gai lightening activity is frequent, and accumulated probability is with being much higher than affiliated Yantai
Area, close the door to go to bed when being struck by lightning serious, used by officers and men and the common people stationed on the island has formd lightning-arrest rule to hide the mode of lightning stroke
Model.
Equivalent ion resistance thunder unit is installed on the mountain top pedestal of Beacon Hill, at the foot of the hill the detection of setting lightning stroke drain voltage is single
Member, the multiple thunder-and-lightning counter units of installation at Shan Nan, mountain north and the foot of the hill, the installation thunder and lightning inspection below equivalent ion resistance thunder unit
Survey unit.
Testing result proves that in a thunderstorm seasons in 2017, thunder-and-lightning counter unit and thunder and lightning detection unit are not examined
It measures and is struck by lightning on island, and drain voltage detection unit of being struck by lightning has recorded tens of secondary drain voltages, numerical value is less than 120 volts.
As shown in the above, equivalent ion resistance thunder unit is effectively protected island location and is arranged inside each
Kind electrical equipment.
Embodiment 3
Place：Certain part of path of 110 kilovolts of Liaoning high voltage transmission line road network, the line network is in Yalu River side and Feng huangshan Mountain
On slope, summer rises along hillside and influences local climate along the southeaster air-flow that river generates, and locality is caused thunder and lightning easily occur,
The region high-tension line is often because of the breaking that is struck by lightning.
Before in March, 2017, each high voltage power transmission pylon top in above-mentioned part of path installs an equivalent ion and hinders thunder
A lightning stroke drain voltage detection unit, each high voltage power transmission tower of the part of path are installed in unit, each high voltage power transmission pylon lower end
Frame side installs a thunder-and-lightning counter unit, and a thunder and lightning detection unit is installed on the high voltage power transmission pylon top of highest point, altogether
Thunder unit is hindered using ten equivalent ions.
Testing result proves that in a thunderstorm seasons in 2017, thunder-and-lightning counter unit and thunder and lightning detection unit are not examined
It measures and is struck by lightning in the part of path location, the lightning stroke breaking phenomenon in former years more do not occur, and drain voltage detection of being struck by lightning
The tens of secondary drain voltages of unit record, numerical value are less than 120 volts.
The equivalent ion resistance thunder unit of above structure send Beijing thunderstorm electricity protective device test center to be tested, test report
Number is《2013- needles -010J17》, test content and connect lightning pressure characteristic test for 1.；2. connecing sudden strain of a muscle probabilistic testing；3. perforation electric discharge
Measure of merit.
Testing location：Beijing thunderstorm electricity protective device test center-lightning rod laboratory.
Testing standard：GB/T16927.1-1997、GB/T16927.2-1997、IEC61083-1：2001、IEC60060-
1： 1089
Main experimental test equipment, equipment：Surge generator, DC generator, impulsive measurement divider, cloud pole plate, number
Word pulse analysis system DiAD 733, digital oscilloscope DP03054, simulated high-pressure megameter.
1. connecing lightning pressure characteristic test, see the table below：
Note：Vd：The DC voltage applied on cloud pole plate, Vb：Cloud pole plate discharge voltage, Tb：The wave chopping time.
Table 1：Connect lightning pressure characteristic test
Test result：Apply operation wave, the wave head time is 250 μ s, and being averaged for sample meets lightning pressure Vb=after tested
318.9kV；Average wave chopping time Tb=59.62 μ s.
2. connecing sudden strain of a muscle probabilistic testing, the lightning rod contour with upper surface is compared, and see the table below：
Note：Vd：The DC voltage applied on cloud pole plate, Vb：Cloud pole plate discharge voltage, Tb：The wave chopping time.
Table 2：Connect sudden strain of a muscle probabilistic testing
Test result：After tested, thundercloud plate is to electric field strength between ground：17.5kV/m, satisfaction≤25kV/m, detected sample
It is 95% that product, which connect sudden strain of a muscle probability, is higher than design objective 90%.(note：In the case of being not adequately ionized for the first time, sample does not connect sudden strain of a muscle.)
Since thundercloud is to gradually form or gradually approach, equivalent ion resistance thunder unit is made to be carried out under the premise of abundant energy storage
The ionization of air is not in the 1st the case where not connecing sudden strain of a muscle in table 2 in actual use.
3. penetrating through discharge effect test：
Perforation is discharged：Voltage is referred to as perforation electric discharge when being added to resistance thunder device dielectric electric discharge, measured on sample resistance
Residual voltage when value is penetrates through.
Test method：
Resistance thunder device is placed on the center under high-pressure polar plate, and resistance thunder device insulate with ground, is grounded through divider resistance；
High-pressure polar plate is adjusted away from resistance thunder device top d=470mm≤500mm；
Apply DC voltage Udc, it is ensured that discharging gap is connected.
Test result part following table：
| Serial number | DC(kV) | Residual voltage (V) | Gap state |
| 1 | -15.01 | - | It is not turned on |
| 2 | -17.6 | - | It is not turned on |
| 3 | -20.00 | 97 | Conducting |
| 4 | -18.00 | 100 | Conducting |
| 5 | -22.60 | 110 | Conducting |
| 6 | -19.80 | 114 | Conducting |
| 7 | -20.56 | 120 | Conducting |
| 8 | -20.56 | 120 | Conducting |
| 9 | -20.62 | 120 | Conducting |
| 10 | -21.70 | 110 | Conducting |
| 11 | -20.74 | 112 | Conducting |
| 12 | -20.76 | 104 | Conducting |
Table 3：Penetrate through discharge effect test
Test result：Sample penetrates through electric discharge 100% at 13.3kV/m after tested, is higher than design objective 90%, according to
According to formula：
Through residual voltage ratio=residual voltage/DC voltage × 100%, run through residual voltage ratio≤1%.
In table 3 the 1st, 2 be also equivalent ion resistance thunder unit not abundant energy storage when occur be not turned on, and energy storage is completed simultaneously
After ionized air, the 3rd~12 is conducting.Actually test philosophy with equivalent ion the resistance thunder unit of test 3 and lightning stroke are leaked
The resistance thunder drain voltage detection device that voltage detection unit is constituted is similar.
By above-mentioned 1,2,3 test, Beijing thunderstorm electricity protective device test center provides meets design requirement after tested
Test result, and reading report is provided according to above-mentioned 1,2,3 test.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of equivalent ion hinders thunder unit, it is characterised in that：Including top electrode, lower electrode and dielectric, under dielectric
In the embedded lower electrode upper end in end, dielectric upper end is embedded in the top in top electrode lower end and in dielectric upper surface and top electrode
Retain cavity, the top electrode lower face and top electrode upper surface retention gap between face, the top electrode upper surface setting is more
It is a to connect sudden strain of a muscle bar.
2. a kind of equivalent ion according to claim 1 hinders thunder unit, it is characterised in that：The dielectric is from top to bottom
One through-hole is set, and a ring plate is arranged in the inner edge of the through-hole.
3. a kind of equivalent ion according to claim 2 hinders thunder unit, it is characterised in that：The ring plate outer rim with it is upper
The distance between the distance between electrode lower face, top electrode lower face and lower electrode upper surface and lower electrode upper surface and ring
The distance between shape pole plate outer rim all same.
4. a kind of equivalent ion according to claim 1 hinders thunder unit, it is characterised in that：The dielectric is from top to bottom
One through-hole is set, and the inner edge of the through-hole is from top to bottom arranged the set of permanent magnets of two opposite positions, is arranged in each set of permanent magnets
The end of two permanent magnets adjacent in the through-hole inner edge, each set of permanent magnets is arranged in even number of permanent magnets and radial equipartition
Magnetic pole it is identical, the magnetic pole along two permanent magnet same ends of the axially opposing position of through-hole is identical.
5. a kind of equivalent ion according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 hinders thunder unit, it is characterised in that：The top electrode
In the middle part of upper surface setting one straight up connect sudden strain of a muscle bar, this connects the top electrode upper surface setting multi-turn dodged around bar and connects sudden strain of a muscle bar,
It is even number that often circle, which connects sudden strain of a muscle bar,.
6. a kind of equivalent ion according to claim 5 hinders thunder unit, it is characterised in that：Each connect dodges the engagement of bar lower end
In the fixed seat filled in the mounting hole of top electrode upper surface setting, connecing above fixed seat, which is dodged, engages suit in bar outer rim
One locking cap, the locking cap bottom surface are crimped on the upper surface of the fixed seat.
7. a kind of equivalent ion according to claim 6 hinders thunder unit, it is characterised in that：Described connect dodges the setting of bar upper end
Multiple conductive pins.
8. a kind of resistance thunder drain voltage detection device, it is characterised in that：Include as described in claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 6 or 7
Equivalent ion resistance thunder unit and lightning stroke drain voltage detection unit, lightning stroke drain voltage detection unit are electrically connected with equivalent ion resistance thunder unit
It connects, drain voltage when lightning stroke drain voltage detection unit is used to detect equivalent ion resistance thunder unit resistance thunder is simultaneously remotely passed data
It is defeated.
9. a kind of Integrated Lightning protection System, it is characterised in that：Including hindering thunder drain voltage detection device, thunder as claimed in claim 8
Electric counter unit and thunder and lightning detection unit, are arranged multiple areas, at least one resistance thunder drain voltage detection of setting in each area
Device, at least one thunder-and-lightning counter unit, one thunder of area one thunder and lightning detection unit of setting or multiple area settings
Electro-detection unit.
10. a kind of Integrated Lightning protection System according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：Each resistance thunder drain voltage detection device
In equivalent ion resistance thunder unit the highest building top in its protection domain is installed, each thunder-and-lightning counter unit installation
Equivalent ion in this area hinder thunder unit lower section or this area it is unobstructed it is open be located in, thunder and lightning detection unit peace
Mounted in the top of the unobstructed building in an area or multiple areas.
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| WO2019085670A1 (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-09 | 张学维 | Equivalent ion thunder-blocking unit and comprehensive thunder prevention system |
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