CN207946330U - The test device of fluid viscosity - Google Patents
The test device of fluid viscosity Download PDFInfo
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- CN207946330U CN207946330U CN201820420312.1U CN201820420312U CN207946330U CN 207946330 U CN207946330 U CN 207946330U CN 201820420312 U CN201820420312 U CN 201820420312U CN 207946330 U CN207946330 U CN 207946330U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of test devices of fluid viscosity, and wherein test device includes reference fluid case, fluid to be measured case, capillary, valve, graduated cylinder and timer；The reference fluid case is for injecting reference fluid, and the fluid to be measured case is for injecting fluid to be measured；The capillary is connected to the reference fluid case and fluid to be measured case lower end, and the valve is arranged on the capillary, and the graduated cylinder is arranged in the outlet of the capillary；The timer is used to record the time of time and fluid to be measured through capillary inflow graduated cylinder that reference fluid flows into graduated cylinder through the capillary.During viscosity test, it is to be measured few, the temperature of fluid can be adjusted in temperature control system simultaneously, the viscosity test of fluid under different temperatures can be met, have many advantages, such as that simple in structure, easy to operate, quick, test result is accurate, is suitable for measuring the Newtonian fluid that solution viscosity is less than 1200cP.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to technical field of measurement and test, the specifically test device and method of fluid viscosity.
Background technology
Viscosity is one of basic physical properties parameter of fluid, and is had for the production process or production link of all conglomeraties
Great influence (such as chemical industry, medicine, food and metallurgy), therefore, the measuring study of viscosity is for meeting the needs of production process
With important real value.Currently, based on different measuring principles, the method that much can be used for viscosity measurement is carried extensively
Go out, such as capillary tube method, falling ball method, vibratory drilling method, flat band method, rotary process and gravitational method, some of viscosimeters gradually business
Change.However, these traditional Viscosity Measurement Methods, there are complicated, cost is high, cannot change the temperature of fluid to be measured in real time
The problems such as.In order to meet the viscosity measurement of fluid under different temperatures, temprature control method used in existing viscosity test meter
It is then with temperature probe test temperature, this method to be used not only experimental procedure to be become by the way that specimen cup to be placed in water-bath
Complicated, temperature of the fluid after removing water-bath also will produce larger error, and final test result error is caused to become larger.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a kind of fluid
The test device and method of viscosity, realize to fluid to be measured carry out temperature control, and quickly, efficiently, accurately measure newton
The viscosity of fluid.
To solve the above problems, technical solution used by the utility model is：
A kind of test device of fluid viscosity, it is characterised in that：Including reference fluid case, fluid to be measured case, capillary, valve
Door, graduated cylinder and timer；The reference fluid case waits for flow measurement for injecting reference fluid, the fluid to be measured case for injecting
Body；The capillary is connected to the reference fluid case and fluid to be measured case lower end, and the valve is arranged on the capillary,
In the outlet of the capillary, the graduated cylinder is set；The timer flows into graduated cylinder for recording reference fluid through the capillary
Time and fluid to be measured through the capillary flow into graduated cylinder time.
The capillary caliber is 0.5mm-2.0mm, depending on the viscosity of specific scale visual Newtonian fluid, Newtonian fluid
Viscosity be no more than 1200cP.
Further include the temperature control system and the monitoring capillary for heating the reference fluid case and fluid to be measured case
The temperature sensor of interior fluid temperature (F.T.).
The temperature control system includes cooling piece, source of stable pressure and positive and negative anodes switching switch；The cooling piece is arranged described
In the babinet wall surface of reference fluid case and fluid to be measured case；The source of stable pressure is through positive and negative anodes switching switch and the cooling piece
Connection carries out control cooling piece by positive and negative anodes switch and fluid is heated or cooled down.
It is provided with fin on the reference fluid case and fluid to be measured tank wall face.
The temperature sensor is thermocouple.
A kind of measurement method of fluid viscosity, it is characterised in that：Use the standard of known viscosity and density at each temperature
Fluid, which is used as, refers to fluid, the density of time term and fluid to be measured is measured by experiment, according to formula to calculate fluid to be measured
Viscosity, viscosity test step includes：
Reference fluid and fluid to be measured are injected separately into reference fluid case and fluid to be measured case；
Reference fluid and fluid to be measured are carried out at the same time and are heated or cooled；
Monitor the temperature of reference fluid and fluid to be measured；When reference fluid and fluid to be measured reach required temperature, together
When open reference fluid case and fluid to be measured case capillary valve, obtain when outflow same volume V used in reference fluid
Time t1With the time t used in fluid to be measured2；
It weighs to graduated cylinder, quality m1, to weighing equipped with the graduated cylinder that fluid displacement is V, quality m2, according to ρ
=(m2-m1)/V calculates the density p of fluid to be measured2；
According toCalculate the viscosity of fluid to be measured, wherein μ1For the viscosity of reference fluid；μ2For fluid to be measured
Viscosity；ρ1For the density of reference fluid.
The simplification test device and method of the utility model fluid viscosity are different from traditional viscosity test theory, are to be based on
Endocapillary layer stream flows what linear loss derived, the principle of this method be in the device of two same volumes fluid along
When the fluid of the capillary outflow same volume V (V can use 20ml-40ml) of identical caliber, crushing is almost the same, by capillary
Laminar Flow linear loss and Bernoulli equation can derive that ratio of viscosities is equal to the density and the product of time of two kinds of fluids
Ratio.
Advantageous effect
The utility model is related to the simplification test devices and method of a kind of fluid viscosity, to test Newtonian fluid in demand
Under conditions of different temperatures, the measurement of fluid viscosity is completed.Material and preparation process are very simple used in whole device,
The operability that transfer utilizes is very strong, in addition, required sample size is few during the test, and the testing time is short, analysis
The process of calculating is relatively easy, and the error of final testing result is relatively small, is suitable for measuring solution viscosity less than 1200cP's
Newtonian fluid.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is viscosity Simplified Test Equipment.
Fig. 2 is liquid level observation device.
Fig. 3 is capillary force analysis figure.
In figure：1- positive and negative anodes switching switch；2- source of stable pressure；3- fins；4- liquid level observation ports；5- fluid inlets；6- fluids
Outlet；7- cooling pieces；8- reference fluid casees；9- fluid to be measured casees；10- thermocouples；11- valves；12- graduated cylinders；13- partition boards；14-
Capillary；15- graduation marks.
Specific implementation mode
The preferred embodiments of the utility model are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that this practicality is new
The advantages of type and feature can be easier to be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of test device of fluid viscosity, including viscosity test system and temperature control system.Viscosity test
System includes reference fluid case 8, fluid to be measured case 9, capillary 14, valve 11, graduated cylinder 12 and timer.Temperature control system includes
Cooling piece 7, source of stable pressure 2, fin 3, positive and negative anodes switching switch 1 and thermocouple 10.By cooling piece 7 to fluid in temperature control system
Temperature carries out liter (drop) temperature.
Reference fluid case 8 is arranged symmetrically with fluid to be measured case 9, is separated by partition board, and cooling piece 7 is embedded in babinet wall surface,
Heat source (low-temperature receiver) is provided for the heating (cooling) of fluid.It is evenly arranged full fin 3 on 9 wall of reference fluid case 8 and fluid to be measured case,
The side energy that cooling piece 7 cannot be provided to hot (cold) for fluid sheds in time, just can guarantee the side against fluid layer
Temperature is sufficiently high or sufficiently low, while being also avoided that spin manifold temperature is too high or too low.On reference fluid case 8 and fluid to be measured case 9
End is both provided with fluid inlet 5, and lower end is both provided with fluid outlet 6, facilitates the injection, discharge and the cleaning of babinet of fluid,
In order to enable fluid displacement used is identical when testing every time, there be liquid level observation device cabinet exterior upper end.
Viscosity test system is based on derivation formulaAt each temperature known to the viscosity and density of reference fluid.Make
Fluid temperature (F.T.) is regulated and controled with temperature control system, has opened valve 11, fluid flows into graduated cylinder 12 from capillary 14, observes molten in graduated cylinder 12
The volume of liquid records the time t used in reference fluid and fluid to be measured respectively when reaching defined volume1,t2, repeatedly test
It is averaged.It weighs to clean graduated cylinder, quality m1, to weighing equipped with the graduated cylinder that fluid displacement is V, quality m2,
According to ρ=(m2-m1)/V can calculate the density of fluid to be measured；
Cooling piece to fluid heat or cooling switched by positive and negative anodes controls, after positive and negative anodes switching,
The heating plate and cold end of cooling piece can also switch accordingly, and heating (or cooling) temperature of the cooling piece can be by source of stable pressure
Regulated and controled, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in fluid tank is then monitored by thermocouple in real time.
Fin is evenly arranged on fluid tank wall surface, when cooling piece abuts the one side of fluid as refrigeration end, another side
It is then fire end, cooling piece can be caused to damage if temperature is excessively high, while can also be had an impact to the temperature of refrigeration end.Fin
Using the heat dissipation area for increasing fluid tank wall surface, heat exchange efficiency can be improved, avoids structure and refrigeration end to cooling piece
Temperature have an impact, while fluid tank wall surface temperature can also be avoided excessively high.Conversely, when cooling piece is against the one side of fluid
When fire end, another side then belongs to refrigeration end, and the presence of fin can be too low to avoid fluid tank wall surface temperature.
Liquid level observation device is the transparent unit of u-tube structure, is arranged in reference fluid case and fluid to be measured tank wall
At the identical position in face upper end, the liquid level of fluid in the position judgment outlet of U-shaped tube fluid can be passed through.
The caliber of capillary is between 0.5mm-2.0mm, depending on the viscosity of specific scale visual Newtonian fluid, newton
The viscosity of fluid is no more than 1200cP, and when fluid viscosity is smaller, thinner caliber can be selected, when fluid viscosity is larger, choosing
With larger caliber, it can refer to table 2 and carry out capillary selection.Its material can be metal, alloy, high-molecular compound or compound
Material.
Table 2
| Capillary caliber mm | Dynamic viscosity test scope cP |
| 0.6 | 2-16 |
| 0.8 | 7-35 |
| 1 | 20-100 |
| 1.2 | 50-200 |
| 1.5 | 100-500 |
| 2 | 300-1200 |
The test method of the utility model fluid viscosity, step are：
It is first shut off the outlet valve of reference fluid case 8 and fluid to be measured case 9, standard flow used is entered from fluid tank
Mouth 5 injects reference fluid casees, and fluid to be measured is injected into fluid to be measured case.Temperature needed for fluid to be measured opens positive and negative anodes
Switch switch 1 and source of stable pressure 2, switching switch by positive and negative anodes determines that cooling piece is heated or cooled down to fluid, using steady
The size that potential source adjusts voltage can regulate and control the temperature of fluid, utilize the thermocouple 10 being arranged in by 14 entrance of capillary
The temperature of fluid is monitored.When thermocouple displays temperature reaches fluid to be measured required temperature, reference fluid is opened simultaneously
With the valve 11 and timer at fluid to be measured capillary, the volume of observation fluid inflow cylinder 12, when reaching required volume
When (general 20ml-40ml), time used when with two kinds of fluids outflow same volumes of timer record, then electronic scale measure
The weight for going out fluid to be measured calculates the density of fluid to be measured according to ρ=m/V.Due to the viscosity of reference fluid at each temperature
It is standard known quantity with density, finally according to derivation formulaCalculate the viscosity of fluid to be measured.
Since capillary caliber and mean flow rate in pipe are smaller, according to the expression formula Newtonian fluid of Reynolds number in capillary
Flowing in pipe belongs to the flowing of pipe inner laminar flow, in addition, capillary uniform diameter, section configuration and size all remain unchanged, stream
Laminar Flow of the body in pipe meets the feature of Uniform Flow, therefore only considers linear loss, does not consider local losses.
First, perpendicular capillary is taken to carry out force analysis figure, as shown in figure 3, the capillary caliber is d, in the capillary
It is l to take a pipe range, and radius is the cylinder infinitesimal of r, and fluid is flowed along the directions x, in the flow direction, the effect suffered by micro unit
Power has：
Gravity：ρgπr2cosα
End force：p1πr2, p2πr2
Tube wall shear force：τ·l·2πr
Wherein, p1、p2--- the pressure of the same Chosen Point of section above and below taken capillary tube segment；τ --- infinitesimal body side surface, which is cut, answers
Power, direction are opposite with fluid flow direction；R --- micro unit pipe radius；Since the pipeline section is arranged vertically, so α=1 cos.
Flowing of the fluid in capillary belongs to Uniform Flow, and fluid particle moves at the uniform velocity in the x-direction, and fluid flow rate is only
Along r direction changes, as shown, therefore, the resultant force suffered by cylinder micro unit in the x-direction is zero, it is contemplated that the effect of each power
Direction obtains equilibrium equation
p1πr2-p2πr2+ρgπr2Lcos α-τ l2 π r=0 (1)
By newton moduleSubstitution formula (1) and abbreviation, can obtain
Since two capillary pipe lengths and caliber are almost the same, so in process fluid flow, the value of Δ p+ ρ gl not with
The variation of r and change, integrate above formula, and bring boundary condition into：When r=R, speed u=0 is obtained
Wherein, Δ p=p1-p2；R is capillary radius.Since the viscous drag of Newtonian fluid acts on, fluid is made to flow over
Occurs energy loss in journey, the energy equation established between taken capillary tube segment is：
In capillary, fluid fluid flows the characteristics of meeting Uniform Flow, i.e. α1v1 2/ 2g=α2v2 2/ 2g, hl=hf。
Above formula is substituted into, arrangement can obtain
Simultaneous formula (3) and formula (5), arrange
In formula, Z1、Z2--- taken capillary tube segment upper and lower end face any point is relative to the height at capillary outlet；α1、
α2--- the kinetic energy correction factor of taken capillary tube segment upper and lower end face, when velocity flow profile is uniform in capillary, α=1；v1、
v2--- the mean flow rate of taken capillary tube segment upper and lower end face；hl1- 2 --- the mean unit energy damage between taken capillary cross sectional
It loses；hf--- frictional head loss.
Then it obtains, the fluid of uniform Laminar Flow is done in capillary, the flow velocity on capillary effective cross-section is in parabolic
Line gauge rule distribution that is, on pipe axis, reaches maximum speed as r=0
Formula (6) is substituted into mean flow rate definition
Obtaining mean flow rate is
According to formula (8), obtain
QvThe flow of capillary is flowed through for fluid, A is capillary area of section, and d is capillary diameter, and λ is on-way resistance
Coefficient, theoretical value are λ=64 μ/ρ vd.Simultaneous formula (9) and formula (5), obtain
During testing fluid viscosity, reference fluid as device used in Experimental Flowing Object, i.e., capillary into
Outlet height is consistent substantially with pressure, illustrates Δ p1+ρ1Gl=Δs p2+ρ2Gl enables Δ p=Δ p+ ρ gl, then
Again because long capillary tube is identical as caliber, when flowing out the fluid of same volume, v1/v2≈t2/t1, v here1、
v2The respectively speed of reference fluid and fluid to be measured outflow capillary.Arrangement can obtain
Fig. 2 is liquid level observation device, is the transparent unit of U-shaped pipe structure, is mounted on reference fluid case and fluid to be measured
At the identical position in tank wall face upper end, there is a graduation mark 15 at the identical position in pipe side, is used for that there is phase in guard box body
The fluid of co-content.
In order to prove a kind of test device of fluid viscosity of the utility model and the feasibility of method, using pure water as mark
Quasi-fluid, 99% ethanol solution and 2% PVA solution are as fluid to be measured, the density and viscosity of these three fluids
It is known.Assuming that 99% ethanol solution and 2% PVA solution viscosity it is unknown, reference fluid and will be waited for by viscosity test device
The temperature of fluid measured is controlled at 20 DEG C, and then carrying out test of many times when record flows out the fluid of same volume V to fluid is consumed
Time t, then average to it, finally calculate the viscosity of 99% ethanol solution and 2% PVA solution, with standard
Viscosity is compared, as shown in table 1：
Table 1
As a result display error can control to a very small extent, complete the verification to viscosity test device.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of test device of fluid viscosity, it is characterised in that：Including reference fluid case, fluid to be measured case, capillary, valve
Door, graduated cylinder and timer；The reference fluid case waits for flow measurement for injecting reference fluid, the fluid to be measured case for injecting
Body；The capillary is connected to the reference fluid case and fluid to be measured case lower end, and the valve is arranged on the capillary,
In the outlet of the capillary, the graduated cylinder is set；The timer flows into graduated cylinder for recording reference fluid through the capillary
Time and fluid to be measured through the capillary flow into graduated cylinder time.
2. the test device of fluid viscosity according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The capillary caliber is 0.5mm-
2.0mm, depending on the viscosity of specific scale visual Newtonian fluid, the viscosity of Newtonian fluid is no more than 1200cP.
3. the test device of fluid viscosity according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Further include for heating the reference
The temperature sensor of fluid temperature (F.T.) in the temperature control system and the monitoring capillary of fluid tank and fluid to be measured case.
4. the test device of fluid viscosity according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The temperature control system includes refrigeration
Piece, source of stable pressure and positive and negative anodes switching switch；The babinet in the reference fluid case and fluid to be measured case is arranged in the cooling piece
In wall surface；The source of stable pressure is connect through positive and negative anodes switching switch with the cooling piece, is switched and is carried out by the positive and negative anodes
Control cooling piece is heated or is cooled down to fluid.
5. the test device of fluid viscosity according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：In the reference fluid case and to be measured
It is provided with fin on fluid tank wall surface.
6. the test device of fluid viscosity according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The temperature sensor is thermoelectricity
It is even.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108279187A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-13 | 苏州科技大学 | The test device and test method of fluid viscosity |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108279187A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-13 | 苏州科技大学 | The test device and test method of fluid viscosity |
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