CN207732722U - Photovoltaic planar emission apparatus - Google Patents
Photovoltaic planar emission apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN207732722U CN207732722U CN201820101573.7U CN201820101573U CN207732722U CN 207732722 U CN207732722 U CN 207732722U CN 201820101573 U CN201820101573 U CN 201820101573U CN 207732722 U CN207732722 U CN 207732722U
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- recombiner
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of photovoltaic planar emission apparatus, is a kind of photovoltaic planar emission apparatus of combination electric energy storage function, photovoltaic planar emission apparatus includes a photovoltaic recombiner unit, a luminescence unit and a charge storage unit；Luminescence unit is electrically connected with photovoltaic recombiner unit；Charge storage unit is electrically connected with photovoltaic recombiner unit, luminescence unit respectively；Thereby, the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus of the utility model is mainly by photovoltaic recombiner unit, luminescence unit, and the hardware design of charge storage unit triplicity, effectively improve solar-energy photo-voltaic cell photoelectric conversion efficiency, and carry out the collection and storage of electric power, it actually reaches and promotes solar-energy photo-voltaic cell in main advantages such as the benefit of luminous lighting and message display function, structure design planarizing and high production capacity low costs.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of photovoltaic planar emission apparatus, in particular to a kind of combination electric energy
The photovoltaic planar emission apparatus of storage function.
Background technology
It presses, the research of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell (Photovoltaic, PV) is that the master of everybody's expectation is received in the renewable sources of energy
One of power, although the most products having been commercialized on the market now still with silicon (Silicon, Si) be its main material, Bu Guotai
It is positive can photovoltaic cell because its processing procedure is simple, low cost, material are slim and graceful and the characteristics such as pliability by industrial circle with it is academic
Boundary attractes attention；It is to prepare the skill of solar battery thin film that the processing procedure of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, which is mostly with coating (coating), at present
Art means the advantage is that the film for enabling to prepare has preferable planarization and uniformity, and the volume subsequently researched and developed
The potentiality of organic solar batteries are also prepared with large area to volume (roll-to-roll, R2R) processing procedure, such as：About flexible
Property display (flexible display) preparation be as an example of, roll-to-roll (R2R) processing procedure can produce at lower cost can
Flexible display, the advantages that meet its high plasticity, light-weight and impact resistance.
Although solar energy is the current relatively environment-friendly and clean application energy, but in solar photoelectric application field, by
It is limited in the daily sunshine-duration, in addition solar cell must be configured using larger space, to efficiently will
Solar energy certainly will need to optimize the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell as supplementary energy, too by reinforcing unit
The output of positive energy battery is effectively to play actual effectiveness；With reference to filed in 28 days October in 2016 of known techniques TaiWan, China
The photovoltaic device and its encapsulating structure of luminescence display " can " bulletin M538245 new patents, i.e., to solve on
The problem of stating, this patent can luminescence display photovoltaic device include a light-transmitting substrate, it is multiple be set to it is described
Solar-energy photo-voltaic cell unit on photosensitiveness substrate and multiple Organic Light Emitting Diode lists being set on the light-transmitting substrate
Member；Thereby, it is possible to provide the application mode of more diversification；This patent mainly by photovoltaic cell and planar emission apparatus (such as：It is organic
Light emitting diode) it is integrated in photovoltaic device, the application apparatus for having both current collection and luminescence display function is made；So
And to keep the application of the device more convenient, and being effectively increased the benefit of illumination or display function, then the promotion of storing up electricity effect is exhausted
To being inevitable；Therefore, how by innovation design, effectively improve solar-energy photo-voltaic cell photoelectric conversion efficiency, and carry out electricity
The collection and storage of power, which are the exploitation dealer of the related industry of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell and related researcher, needs ongoing effort gram
Clothes and the project solved.
Utility model content
The technical issues of the utility model is solved is providing a kind of photovoltaic planar emission apparatus, and purpose exists
In providing a kind of photovoltaic planar emission apparatus of combination electric energy storage function, mainly by photovoltaic recombiner unit, shine
Unit and the design of the hardware of charge storage unit triplicity, effectively improve solar-energy photo-voltaic cell photoelectric conversion efficiency, and carry out
The collection and storage of electric power actually reach and promote solar-energy photo-voltaic cell in the benefit of luminous lighting and message display function, knot
The main advantages such as structure design planarizing and high production capacity low cost.
Technological means used by the utility model is as described below.
It is proposed a kind of photovoltaic planar emission apparatus, including at least having a photovoltaic recombiner unit, a luminescence unit, with
An and charge storage unit；Luminescence unit is electrically connected with photovoltaic recombiner unit；Charge storage unit respectively with photovoltaic recombiner unit, shine it is single
Member is electrically connected.
In one embodiment of the utility model, photovoltaic recombiner unit and luminescence unit respectively by a substrate and with storage
Electric unit separates.
In one embodiment of the utility model, photovoltaic recombiner unit is set to the side of a first substrate, and storing up electricity
Unit is set to the other side of first substrate with respect to photovoltaic recombiner unit.
In one embodiment of the utility model, luminescence unit is set to the side of a second substrate, and charge storage unit
Relative luminescent units and the other side for being set to second substrate.
In one embodiment of the utility model, photovoltaic recombiner unit is staggered with luminescence unit in a third substrate
Side, and charge storage unit is set to the other side of third substrate with respect to photovoltaic recombiner unit and luminescence unit.
In one embodiment of the utility model, photovoltaic recombiner unit is organic solar batteries or perovskite solar energy
One such device such as battery.
In one embodiment of the utility model, photovoltaic recombiner unit is at least by one first lower conductiving layer, one first electricity
Sub- conducting shell, one first active layers, conductive layer is stacked together on one first electric hole conducting shell and one first.
In one embodiment of the utility model, the first lower conductiving layer, electronic conductive layer, active layers and electric hole pass
The thickness of conducting shell is less than 10 microns.
In one embodiment of the utility model, conductive layer thickness is less than 100 microns on first.
In one embodiment of the utility model, photovoltaic recombiner unit can further be respectively arranged with an electron injecting layer
With an electric hole implanted layer.
In one embodiment of the utility model, luminescence unit is planar light source, Organic Light Emitting Diode, polymer hair
One such devices such as optical diode, light emitting diode or perovskite structure light-emitting device.
In one embodiment of the utility model, the thickness of luminescence unit is less than 2 millimeters.
In one embodiment of the utility model, luminescence unit is at least passed by one second lower conductiving layer, one second electronics
Conducting shell, one second active layers, conductive layer is stacked together on one second electric hole conducting shell and one second.
In one embodiment of the utility model, charge storage unit be diaphragm type rechargeable battery or thin-film type capacitance etc. wherein
A kind of device.
In one embodiment of the utility model, thin-film type capacitance is film electrochemical capacitance.
In one embodiment of the utility model, the thickness of charge storage unit is less than 2 millimeters.
In one embodiment of the utility model, photovoltaic planar emission apparatus can be further coated with an envelope
Glue.
In one embodiment of the utility model, protection board is covered in by sealing respectively with protection board once on one
The upper end and lower end of photovoltaic planar emission apparatus.
Technique effect caused by the utility model：The photovoltaic planar emission apparatus of the utility model mainly by
The hardware of photovoltaic recombiner unit, luminescence unit and charge storage unit triplicity designs, and effectively improves solar-energy photo-voltaic cell light
Photoelectric transformation efficiency, and the collection and storage of electric power are carried out, it actually reaches and promotes solar-energy photo-voltaic cell in luminous lighting and message
The main advantages such as benefit, structure design planarizing and the high production capacity low cost of display function.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1：The device of the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus forms block diagram.
Fig. 2：The stack of components schematic diagram of the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 3：The utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus secondly preferred embodiment stack of components schematic diagram.
Fig. 4：The photovoltaic recombiner unit of the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus one preferred embodiment forms
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 5：The luminescence unit composition signal of the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus one preferred embodiment
Figure.
Fig. 6：The complete structure schematic diagram of the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus one preferred embodiment.
Fig. 7：The utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus is thirdly the sealing of preferred embodiment is arranged with protection board
Schematic diagram.
Figure number explanation：
1 photovoltaic planar emission apparatus, 11 photovoltaic recombiner unit
110 first lower conductiving layer, 111 first electronic conductive layer
112 first active layers, 113 first electric hole conducting shell
12 luminescence unit of conductive layer on 114 first
120 second lower conductiving layer, 121 second electronic conductive layer
122 second active layers, 123 second electric hole conducting shell
13 charge storage unit of conductive layer on 124 second
14 substrate, 141 first substrate
142 second substrate, 143 third substrate
Protection board in 2 sealings 3
4 times protection boards.
Specific implementation mode
First, refering to Figure 1, the device for the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus forms square
Figure, wherein the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus 1 of the utility model, which include at least, to be had：One photovoltaic recombiner unit 11；In addition, should
Photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is one such device such as organic solar batteries or perovskite solar cell；The compound list of the photovoltaic
Member 11 provides the electric energy needed for the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus 1 by photoelectric conversion mode；One luminescence unit 12, with this
Photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is electrically connected；In addition, the luminescence unit 12 is planar light source, Organic Light Emitting Diode, polymer light-emitting
One such devices such as diode, light emitting diode or perovskite structure light-emitting device；In addition, the thickness of the luminescence unit 12
Less than 2 millimeters (millimeter, mm)；Luminescence unit 12 of the thickness less than 2mm is electrically connected the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11, the hair
The electric energy that the reception of the light unit 12 photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is provided is to be illuminated or be shown the information (temperature of such as display environment
Or the environment such as humidity message) etc. functions；And a charge storage unit 13, respectively with the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11, the luminescence unit 12
It is electrically connected；In addition, the charge storage unit 13 is one such devices such as diaphragm type rechargeable battery or thin-film type capacitance, wherein should
The thin-film type capacitance is preferably film electrochemical capacitance；Furthermore the thickness of the charge storage unit 13 is less than 2 millimeters；In addition, the photovoltaic is compound
Unit 11 separates by a substrate 14 with the charge storage unit 13 respectively with the luminescence unit 12；Thickness is less than the storing up electricity list of 2mm
The photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 and the luminescence unit 12 is electrically connected in member 13, and the charge storage unit 13 is compound to store the photovoltaic
The electric energy of unit 11 is to provide needed for 12 electricity consumption of luminescence unit；In addition, the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 and the luminescence unit 12
Separate respectively with the charge storage unit 13 by a substrate 14.
In addition, the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is set to the side of a first substrate 141, and the charge storage unit 13 is with respect to the light
Volt recombiner unit 11 and be set to the other side of the first substrate 141；Furthermore the luminescence unit 12 is set to a second substrate
142 side, and the charge storage unit 13 is set to the other side of the second substrate 142 with respect to the luminescence unit 12；Please together
As shown in fig.2, for the stack of components schematic diagram of the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus one preferred embodiment,
Wherein the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is completely cut off with the charge storage unit 13 by the first substrate 141, and the luminescence unit 12 and the storing up electricity
Unit 13 is completely cut off by the second substrate 142, that is, two sides of the charge storage unit 13 be respectively arranged with the first substrate 141 with this
Two substrates 142, and the other side of the first substrate 141 with the second substrate 142 relative to the charge storage unit 13 is then respectively set
There are the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 and the luminescence unit 12, the electricity that wherein the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is generated by opto-electronic conversion effect
The illumination or display information that can be supplied directly to the luminescence unit 12 use, and can also be stored in inside the charge storage unit 13 and supply
It is used to the luminescence unit 12.
Furthermore the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is staggered with the luminescence unit 12 in the side of a third substrate 143, and is somebody's turn to do
Charge storage unit 13 is set to the other side of the third substrate 143 with respect to the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 and the luminescence unit 12；Please
As shown in fig.3, for the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus secondly preferred embodiment stack of components schematic diagram,
Wherein the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is staggered with the luminescence unit 12 in the side of the third substrate 143, and the charge storage unit
13 are set to the other side of the third substrate 143, and the electric energy that the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is generated by opto-electronic conversion effect can
The illumination or display information for being supplied directly to the luminescence unit 12 use, and can also be stored in inside the charge storage unit 13 should in supply
Luminescence unit 12 uses.
In addition, the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 is at least by one first lower conductiving layer 110, one first electronic conductive layer 111,1
Conductive layer 114 is stacked together in one active layers 112, one first electric hole conducting shell 113 and one first；Furthermore this is under first
Conductive layer 110, the first electronic conductive layer 111, first active layers 112 and the first electric hole conducting shell 113 thickness be less than
10 microns (micrometer, um) and this on first 114 thickness of conductive layer be less than 100 microns (micrometer, um)；This
Outside, which can further be respectively arranged with an electron injecting layer (icon does not indicate) and an electric hole implanted layer
(diagram does not indicate)；Shown in Fig. 4, preferably implement for the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus one
The photovoltaic recombiner unit composition schematic diagram of example, wherein by taking the structure of the utility model one preferred embodiment as an example, the photovoltaic is multiple
Unit 11 is closed to conduct with first lower conductiving layer 110, the first electronic conductive layer 111, first active layers 112, first electric hole
Layer 113 and the conductive layer 114 on first, are sequentially up stacked by the first substrate 141, wherein this first time conduction
Layer 110 can adopt the material of organic (such as carbon nanotube, PEDOT) or inorganic conductor material (such as ITO, Ag), and use coating
(coating) and the mode of drying or vapor deposition is coated on the first substrate 141 and is formed, and circuit electric connection is constituted to provide
It is used；First electronic conductive layer 111 can adopt the material (such as ZnO, TiO2) of the injection and the conduction that contribute to electronics, and use
Coating (coating) and the mode of drying or vapor deposition are formed in this on first on conductive layer 114；First active layers 112 can adopt
With electronics electricity hole is contributed to first electronic conductive layer is formed in the material that recombines, and using the mode of coating and drying
On 111；Material (such as PEDOT, MnO3, the V2O5 for contributing to electric hole to inject and transmit then can be used in the first electric hole conducting shell 113
Deng), and be formed in first active layers 112 using coating and the mode of drying or vapor deposition；Conductive layer 114 can on first for this
The material of organic (such as carbon nanotube, PEDOT) or inorganic conductor material (such as ITO, Ag) is adopted, and uses coating
(coating) and the mode of drying or vapor deposition be formed on the first electric hole conducting shell 113 and with the electricity of the first lower conductiving layer 110
Property connection, and with provide is constituted circuit connect be used；Furthermore the photovoltaic recombiner unit 11 be respectively arranged with the electron injecting layer with
The electric hole implanted layer.
Furthermore the luminescence unit 12 is at least led by one second lower conductiving layer 120, one second electronic conductive layer 121, one second
Dynamic layer 122, one second electric hole conducting shell 123 be stacked together and one second on conductive layer 124；Also referring to Fig. 5 and figure
It is the luminescence unit composition schematic diagram of the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus one preferred embodiment shown in 6, with
And complete structure schematic diagram, wherein by taking the structure of the utility model one preferred embodiment as an example, the luminescence unit 12 with this
Two lower conductiving layers 120, second electronic conductive layer 121, second active layers 122, the second electric hole conducting shell 123, Yi Jiyi
Conductive layer 124 is sequentially stacked by the second substrate 142 down on second, and wherein second lower conductiving layer 120 can be adopted organic
The material of (such as carbon nanotube, PEDOT) or inorganic conductor material (such as ITO, Ag), and using coating (coating) and dry
Dry or vapor deposition mode, is coated on this and is formed on second substrate 142, and being constituted circuit electric connection with offer is used；This second
Electronic conductive layer 121 can adopt the material (such as ZnO, TiO2) of the injection and the conduction that contribute to electronics, and use coating and drying
Or the mode of vapor deposition is formed on second lower conductiving layer 120；Second active layers 122, which can be used, contributes to electronics electricity hole counterweight
The material newly combined, and be formed on second electronic conductive layer 121 using the mode of coating and drying；Second electric hole is conducted
The material (such as PEDOT, MnO3, V2O5) for contributing to electric hole to inject and transmit then can be used in layer 123, and uses coating and drying
Or the mode of vapor deposition is formed in second active layers 122；This on second conductive layer 124 can adopt it is organic (such as carbon nanotube,
PEDOT etc.) or inorganic conductor material (such as ITO, Ag) material, and using coating (coating) and drying or vapor deposition side
Formula is formed in the second electric hole conducting shell 123 and is electrically connected with second lower conductiving layer 120, and is constituted circuit connection to provide
It is used.
In addition, the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus 1 can be further coated with a sealing 2；Furthermore protection board 3 on one
It is covered in the upper end and lower end of the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus 1 by the sealing 2 respectively with protection board 4 once
Portion；It please refers to shown in Fig. 7, for the utility model photovoltaic planar emission apparatus thirdly the sealing and protection of preferred embodiment
Schematic diagram is arranged in plate, wherein by taking the structure of the utility model one preferred embodiment as an example, which completely covers the solar energy
Photovoltaic planar emission apparatus 1, and protection board 3 is set to the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus 1 by the sealing 2 on this
Upper end, which is also set to the lower end of the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus 1 by the sealing 2；By
This, the sealing 2, protection board 3 and the lower protection board 4 can be by the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus 1 of the utility model on this
Complete covering, effective lifting assembly reliability (Reliability), including heat-resisting, low temperature resistant, moisture-resistant or the characteristics such as weather-proof；More
Further, which can be used thermal sensitivity sealing resin material or UV light sensitivity sealing resin material, and with closed
The form of formula linkage structure surrounds the peripheral edge of the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus 1, and protection board 3 and the lower guarantor on this
Each backplate 4 can be transparent plastic protective layer or glassivation, and the wherein transparent plastic protective layer can be polyethylene to benzene
One of dioctyl phthalate fat PET, polythene PE, polyimides PI, polyamide PA, polyurethane PU or acryl.
By above-mentioned implementation explanation it is found that the utility model is compared down with the prior art with product, the utility model tool
It has the advantage that：The photovoltaic planar emission apparatus of the utility model mainly by photovoltaic recombiner unit, luminescence unit, with
And the hardware design of charge storage unit triplicity, solar-energy photo-voltaic cell photoelectric conversion efficiency is effectively improved, and carry out electric power
It collects and stores, actually reach and promote solar-energy photo-voltaic cell in benefit, the structure design of luminous lighting and message display function
The main advantages such as planarizing and high production capacity low cost.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of photovoltaic planar emission apparatus, which is characterized in that including at least having：
One photovoltaic recombiner unit (11)；
One luminescence unit (12) is electrically connected with the photovoltaic recombiner unit (11)；And
One charge storage unit (13) is electrically connected with the photovoltaic recombiner unit (11), the luminescence unit (12) respectively.
2. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic recombiner unit (11) with
The luminescence unit (12) separates by a substrate (14) with the charge storage unit (13) respectively.
3. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic recombiner unit (11) is set
Be placed in the side of a first substrate (141), and the charge storage unit (13) be set to respect to the photovoltaic recombiner unit (11) this
The other side of one substrate (141).
4. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, which is characterized in that the luminescence unit (12) is set
It is placed in the side of a second substrate (142), and the charge storage unit (13) is set to second base with respect to the luminescence unit (12)
The other side of plate (142).
5. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic recombiner unit (11) with
The luminescence unit (12) is staggered in the side of a third substrate (143), and the charge storage unit (13) is compound with respect to the photovoltaic
Unit (11) and the luminescence unit (12) and the other side for being set to the third substrate (143).
6. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic recombiner unit (11) is
One of organic solar batteries or perovskite solar cell.
7. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic recombiner unit (11) is extremely
It is few to be passed by one first lower conductiving layer (110), one first electronic conductive layer (111), one first active layers (112), one first electric hole
Conductive layer (114) is stacked together on conducting shell (113) and one first.
8. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the luminescence unit (12) is plane
One of light source, Organic Light Emitting Diode, polymer LED, light emitting diode or perovskite structure light-emitting device.
9. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the luminescence unit (12) at least by
One second lower conductiving layer (120), one second electronic conductive layer (121), one second active layers (122), one second electric hole conducting shell
(123) and on one second conductive layer (124) is stacked together.
10. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the charge storage unit (13) is thin
One of membrane type rechargeable battery or thin-film type capacitance.
11. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that the thin-film type capacitance is film
Electrochemical capacitance.
12. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the photovoltaic plane is sent out
Electro-optical device (1) is covered with a sealing (2).
13. photovoltaic planar emission apparatus as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that set protection board on one (3) with
Once protection board (4) is covered in the upper end of the photovoltaic planar emission apparatus (1) under by the sealing (2) respectively
End.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820101573.7U CN207732722U (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2018-01-22 | Photovoltaic planar emission apparatus |
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