CN207627971U - A kind of aqueous solution continuously freezes concentration systems - Google Patents
A kind of aqueous solution continuously freezes concentration systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN207627971U CN207627971U CN201721721376.7U CN201721721376U CN207627971U CN 207627971 U CN207627971 U CN 207627971U CN 201721721376 U CN201721721376 U CN 201721721376U CN 207627971 U CN207627971 U CN 207627971U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of aqueous solutions continuously to freeze concentration systems.The system includes ice maker, ripening device used and wash mill；Ice maker includes ice maker, is internally provided with scraped surface heat exchanger, is used to prepare an ice slurry；Ripening device used includes ager, is connected to the open top of the ice maker, is provided with screw rod, will push wash mill to through an ice slurry after curing in rotation；Wash mill includes washer, ice shaver and secondary ice slurry circulator；Washer is vertically arranged and the cylindrical tube of open topped, is internally provided with the perforated piston to pump, stacking bed for being pressed into ice crystal；Ice shaver is used to the stacking bed upper end of ice crystal cutting into ice crystal fragment；Secondary ice slurry circulator is used to ice crystal fragment and washings being mixed into secondary ice slurry and be recycled in secondary ice slurry storage tank.Low energy consumption for the utility model, ice crystal and mother liquor good separating effect.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to solution concentration technique field, and in particular to a kind of aqueous solution continuously freezes concentration systems.
Background technology
In present production technology, often aqueous solution is concentrated, especially in the production of drink and drug.Mesh
Preceding concentration usual way has：1) it is concentrated by evaporation, concentration is evaporated using atmospheric evaporation and single-action or multiple-effect vacuum evaporation.It should
Method and technology is ripe, is widely used, but its requirement carries out at high temperature, is easily destroyed heat-sensitive component so that being denaturalized or causing perfume (or spice)
Taste volatilizees or sapidity ingredient loss.For example, when being concentrated by evaporation juice, the destruction of vitamin, color burn, mouth are often caused
The negative effects such as sense and flavor change.2) ultrafiltration or nanofiltration concentration, using membrane separation technique, make the moisture in solution under stress
Son passes through semi-permeable membrane, and molecular cut off is more than the other materials of hydrone, the solution to be concentrated.Use this method
Disadvantage, when containing Various Complex component especially colloid in solution, fenestra is easily blocked or membrane poisoning failure.
3) (agent) concentration is absorbed, the moisture in aqueous solution is absorbed using water absorbing agent (such as molecular sieve, silica gel), reaches the mesh of concentrate solution
's.However, if when containing complex component (especially colloid) in solution, being easy pollution water absorbing agent makes its failure, and absorbent is again
It is raw difficult, thus limit its extensive use.In addition the energy consumption of above method is also higher.
For the problems of above-mentioned method for concentration, using reverse thinking method, solution is cooled to below freezing, made
It obtains part water freezing to be precipitated, becomes separable pure ice crystal, then ice crystal is detached, to obtain the solution of enrichment.This
It is exactly freeze concentration.In technique, freeze concentration is divided into layer crystallization (also referred to as progressive crystallization) and floated crystallization.
Layer crystallization freezing concentration refers to the ice crystal covering that stratiform is formed on freezing wall surface.Required equipment is relatively simple, holds
Easily realize.But it can be wrapped up in the ice crystal of layer crystallization, carry a considerable amount of mother liquors secretly, so that mother liquor can not be detached from ice crystal, made
At the loss of active ingredient solute.Moreover, layer crystallization ice crystal once being formed and be covered in for provide freezing chill surface, it is whole
The heat and mass rate of a shrinkage equipment can be greatly reduced, and the process of such solution concentration also becomes extremely slowly, Wu Fayou
Effect improves cocnentration factor.
It is below freezing that floated crystallization freezing concentration uses scraped surface heat exchanger that aqueous solution is made to be cooled to, and then makes moisture knot
Ice, then scraper constantly a large amount of icings on heat exchanger chill surface are scraped and are transferred in solution again, formed by ice crystal and mother
The ice slurry of liquid composition.Ice crystal then by so-called Ostwald ripening effect, is generated as from initial several microns grade size
The final size of hundreds of microns, it is possible to economically realizing the separation of ice crystal and mother liquor.
In recent years, China scientific worker has done a large amount of explore and study to the application of freeze concentration, although having phase
Document report this technology of freeze concentration, but the laboratory stage that current R＆D work mainly still stops are closed, is especially being adopted
In terms of research method and experimental facilities, the experimental provision or glass apparatus of simple designs are mostly used, it is substantially not special
Efficient experimental facilities.And freeze concentration process is the crystallization process of a heat and mass for being related to water, that equips is reasonable
Whether, the effect of freeze concentration will be directly affected.
It has also been found that, the separation of the ice crystal and mother liquor of freeze concentration is a problem in the practice of freeze concentration.This be because
For the still very little of crystal ice granule after curing, there are huge specific surface area, natural filtration can not be by sticky mother liquor thoroughly from nature
Detached in the ice crystal of accumulation, and a large amount of mother liquor still can adhesive retention between ice crystal.The existing industrial method using centrifugation
It is separated by solid-liquid separation, the viscosity and surface tension that overcome sticky mother liquor using centrifugal force is attempted, liquid phase is got rid of.However, from
The three-phase diagram of water is it is found that the melting point of ice rises with the increase of pressure.Therefore after ice crystal is pressurized, " pressure melts effect " is will produce,
That is, a part of ice crystal melts into water in centrifugal force field by pressure, strainer is passed through together with mother liquor, and the compression of another part ice crystal is melted
It closes, forms closed pore ice cream, the characteristic of the stacking bed porous of such ice crystal is destroyed, and causes the mother liquor in ice crystal can not
It is thrown away by centrifugal force, so that being unable to reach the effect that ice crystal is detached with mother liquor.
Application No. is a kind of knot for freeze concentration is disclosed in 201510069604.6 Chinese utility model patent
Crystals growth tank.The device is vertical cylinder shape structure, and scraped surface heat exchanger is located at the lower part of cylinder, and inner wall is chill surface.
Scraper plate used is parallel with cylinder, vertical type tablet.Scraper plate scrapes the ice crystal that chill surface generates, mixed with solution after
It floats in the ager on top (i.e. crystallizer).There is Stirring device in ager.Scraper plate and blender are coaxial, extend vertically through
In scraping in sheet heat exchanger and ager.Ice crystal after growing up is discharged to together with concentrated mother liquor in the outlet of the upper end of ager outer
In the storage tank in face, so as to the separation process of subsequent ice crystal/mother liquor.But the patent does not refer to how detaching ice crystal.
Invention content
For deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of aqueous solutions continuously to freeze
Concentration systems, it is intended to which high energy consumption, ice crystal detach the technical problems such as difficulty with mother liquor in the prior art for solution.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is as follows：
A kind of aqueous solution continuously freezes concentration systems, including ice maker, ripening device used and wash mill：
The ice maker includes ice maker, and the ice maker is open-topped tank body, is opened at the top of the ice maker
It mouthful ripening device used is connected to described；It is internally provided with scraped surface heat exchanger, for making aqueous solution that ice be precipitated on its chill surface
Crystalline substance simultaneously scrapes into suspension ice crystal to be mixed into an ice slurry with aqueous solution；It is communicated with drainage conduit in the bottom of the ice maker, institute
It states drainage conduit to be connected to discharge storage tank, for collecting concentrate solution；It is provided with blow-off valve in the drainage conduit, for controlling concentration
The discharge of solution.
Described ripening device used including ager, the ager is horizontal type tank body, the bottom opening of the horizontal type tank body
And be connected to the open top of the ice maker, so that ice slurry enters the ager；It is set in the horizontal type tank body
Be equipped with screw rod, the screw shaft of the screw rod is overlapped with the axis of the horizontal type tank body, in rotation by after curing one
Secondary ice slurry pushes one end of the horizontal type tank body to, and discharge port is provided on the top at the end, is used for an ice slurry after curing
It is pushed into wash mill；It is provided with liquid injection port at the top of the horizontal type tank body, for filling aqueous solution.
The wash mill includes washer, ice shaver and secondary ice slurry circulator；The washer is vertically arranged
And the cylindrical tube of open topped, lower sidewall are provided with material receiving port, the discharge port of the material receiving port and the ager connects
It is logical, for an ice slurry after curing to be introduced into the washer；It is provided with perforated piston in the washer, this is porous
The shape of the horizontal cross-section of piston and the interior shape of the washer are adapted, and the piston shaft of the perforated piston is connected to down
Portion, for driving the perforated piston to move back and forth in the vertical direction, so that perforated piston will be in an ice slurry after curing
Ice crystal to be pressed into ice crystal upwards stacking bed, and it is pushed upwards；It is also connected to once in the lower sidewall of the washer
Ice slurry circulation pipe, one end of an ice slurry circulation pipe are connected to the inside of the washer, the other end and the ager
Bottom is connected to, for an ice slurry to be sent into washer bottom and solution is recycled in ager.
The ice shaver includes shell, speed regulating motor and rotary head；The shell is in the cylinder barrel shaped being vertically arranged, should
The upper end closed of cylinder barrel shaped, lower end are provided with connector, for being connected to the open topped of the washer, the company of the shell
The open topped of interface and the washer is tightly connected；The cutterhead is horizontally set on the shell, the downside of the cutterhead
Rotary cutter is installed, for the stacking bed upper end of the ice crystal released by piston to be cut into ice crystal fragment；Upper side passes through perpendicular
The straight cutter shaft for being arranged and being pierced by the shell is connect with the speed regulating motor, and the speed regulating motor can make rotation fortune with cutterhead
It is dynamic；It is opened on the side wall of the shell there are two through-hole is connected, for being connected to the secondary ice slurry circulator, forms closed tube
Road.
The secondary ice slurry circulator includes secondary ice slurry storage tank and secondary ice slurry circulating pump, the secondary ice slurry storage tank
0 DEG C of washings are inside loaded with, the exit of its underpart is equipped with sieve, for ice crystal to be isolated, and passes through secondary ice slurry circulation pipe I
It connect through-hole connection with one of the shell；The top of the secondary ice slurry storage tank by secondary ice slurry circulation pipe II with it is described
Another connection through-hole connection of shell, forms the pipeline of closure, so that the ice crystal fragment is mixed into secondary ice with washings
It starches and is recycled in secondary ice slurry storage tank.
The ice maker, ripening device used be connected to the inside of wash mill are a closed cavity.
Further, the scraped surface heat exchanger is the two-sided shaving heat exchanger of disk type, including refrigeration disc, scraper and scraper
Shaft；The refrigeration disc is in hollow annular, and the center of the annular is provided with installation through-hole, and two sides of the annular are constituted
Chill surface；It is internally provided with channel, is flowed with for refrigeration working medium；The refrigeration disc is vertically arranged, the scraper shaft
It is horizontally disposed and across the center through hole of the refrigeration disc, one end of the scraper shaft be pierced by the ice maker and with biography
Motivation structure connects, and the transmission mechanism is connect with driving motor；Each chill surface corresponds to one the scraper, the scraper
One end be mounted on the scraper shaft on, the other end is radially extended along the scraper shaft, the blade of the scraper and institute
State chill surface contact.
Further, the refrigeration disc has N number of, and it is the integer not less than 2 that the scraper, which has 2N handles, N,；It is N number of described
Refrigeration disc it is parallel and be placed equidistant with；2N connect the scraper with same root scraper shaft, and the scraper shaft is successively
Across the center through hole of N number of refrigeration disc.
Further, further include raw material storage tank, the raw material storage tank is connected to by charging line with the liquid injection port, described
Charging line on be provided with inlet valve, the addition for controlling aqueous solution.
Further, the raw material storage tank is connected to by concentrate solution circulating line with the discharge storage tank, molten in the concentration
It is provided with discharge pump II on liquid circulating line, is concentrated again in the raw material storage tank concentrate solution to be recycled to；
It is also equipped with triple valve on the concentrate solution circulating line, for controlling concentrate solution cycle or discharge.
Further, one end of discharge port of the screw shaft far from the ager is pierced by the ager,
And it is connect with the transmission mechanism；The driving motor is connect with frequency converter, and frequency converter is connect with PLC controller；The PLC controls
Device processed determines the ice crystal content in ager by the load current of monitoring driving motor, to realize control and overload protection.
Further, further include refrigeration working medium circulator, which includes condenser, compressor, returns
Cooler and expansion valve；The condenser be connected to by the first refrigerator pipes with cooler is returned, described time cooler by the second refrigerator pipes and
The inlet communication of the internal duct of the scraped surface heat exchanger, to form refrigeration working medium transfer pipeline；The expansion valve is mounted on
In second refrigerator pipes；The outlet of the internal duct of the scraped surface heat exchanger is connected by first time cold pipe and described time cooler
Logical, described time cooler is connected to by second time cold pipe with the compressor, and the compressor returns cold pipe and condenser by third
Connection, to form refrigeration working medium recovery pipe；Described time cooler is heat exchanger, by the cold recovery for exporting working medium make into
Mouth working medium supercooling, to improve refrigerating efficiency；The refrigeration working medium transfer pipeline and refrigeration working medium recovery pipe are in the condenser
Middle connection, to realize the closed loop cycle of refrigeration working medium.
Further, further include defroster, the defroster is heat exchanger, and a circuit of the heat exchanger is described first
Refrigerator pipes, to recycle the cold of ice-melt and reduce the temperature of working medium；The defroster is followed by the first ice-melt pipe with secondary ice slurry
Ring pump is connected to the secondary ice slurry circulation pipe I between the shell, and the defroster passes through the second ice-melt pipe and the secondary ice
Storage tank connection is starched, ice-melt pipeline is formed；The ice-melt pipeline is connected on another time of the defroster in the defroster
On the road.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the advantages that：
1, without heat damage.Using the utility model the food such as low temperature or even inspissated juice below freezing solution (or biology
Solution) so that the color of solution can be good at preserving from thermotropic loss and thermorunaway.
2, compared to the shaving heat exchanger using the wall surface of cylinder as heat-transfer surface, using the two-sided shaving heat exchanger of multiple discs
Heat exchange area per unit volume (the m of bigger can be obtained2/m3).This advantage can be with increase (the i.e. increasing of ice-making capacity of refrigerating capacity
Add) and seem more prominent.
3, energy saving.Since the freezing latent heat (i.e. the crystallization heat of ice crystal) of water is 344kJ/kg, and the latent heat of vaporization of water
It is 2600kJ/kg, numerically the former is about 1/7th of the latter！It can be seen that compared with traditional evaporation and concentration, freezing
Concentration has prodigious energy-efficient potentiality.In terms of the isolation technics of ice crystal and mother liquor, the utility model is carried out using 0 DEG C of water
Washing, i.e.,：In a manner of piston flow, displace from top to down ice crystal it is stacking bed in concentrated mother liquor.It is dense due to being displaced with water
Contracting mother liquor need not overcome the surface tension between solid phase (ice crystal) and liquid phase (mother liquor) and general solid-liquid separating method in the process
(such as centrifugal separation) is compared, and the energy consumption of separation substantially reduces.
3, concentrated effect is good.The utility model in a manner of piston flow, displace from top to down ice crystal it is stacking bed in it is dense
Contracting mother liquor, and adjacent ice crystal is made to condense, is further discharged mother liquor, due to having displaced concentrated mother liquor with water, makes mother liquor can be with
It flows back into crystallizer, reduces the loss of mother liquor, also just utmostly kept effective solute, improved concentrated effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the two-sided shaving heat exchanger schematic diagram of disk type of the utility model；
Fig. 3 is the cutter head structure front view of the ice shaver of the utility model；
Fig. 4 is the cutter head structure vertical view of the ice shaver of the utility model；
Fig. 5 is the washing forward position and material relationships control schematic diagram of the utility model；
Fig. 6 is the invariance curve of the freezing point and concentration of cider solution.
In attached drawing：1-raw material storage tank；2-inlet valves；3-agers；4-screw rods；5-screw shafts；6-washers；
7-pipeline viewing mirrors；8-ice shaver；9-speed regulating motors；10-cutterheads；11-regulating valves；12-secondary ice slurry circulating pumps；13—
Secondary ice slurry storage tank；14-air bleeding valves；15-water compensating valves；16-defrosters；17-drain valves；18-flowmeters；19-is porous
Piston；20-piston shafts；21-ice slurry circulating pump；22-scraper shafts；23-scrapers；24-refrigeration discs；25-systems
Ice device；26-expansion valves；27-return cooler；28-compressors；29-condensers；30-blow-off valves；31-discharge pump I；32—
Blowdown stream gauge；33-discharge storage tanks；34-discharge pump II；35-triple valves；36-driving motors；37-transmission mechanisms；
38-rotation skates；39-ice crystal fragments；40-ice crystals are stacking bed.
Specific implementation mode
The utility model is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiment.
A kind of aqueous solution continuously freezes concentration systems, as shown in Figs 1-4.Including ice maker, ripening device used and washing dress
It sets：
The ice maker includes ice maker 25, and the ice maker 25 is open-topped tank body, the ice maker 25
Open top ripening device used is connected to described；It is internally provided with scraped surface heat exchanger, for making aqueous solution in its chill surface
Ice crystal is precipitated and scrapes into suspension ice crystal to be mixed into an ice slurry with aqueous solution；It is communicated with row in the bottom of the ice maker 25
Expects pipe, the drainage conduit is connected to discharge storage tank 33, for collecting concentrate solution；Blow-off valve 30 is provided in the drainage conduit,
Discharge for controlling concentrate solution.In order to improve discharge efficiency, discharge pump I31 can be set in drainage conduit；In order to monitor
The amount of the concentrate solution of discharge can install blowdown stream gauge 32 in drainage conduit.
Described ripening device used including ager 3, the ager 3 is horizontal type tank body, and the bottom of the horizontal type tank body is opened
Mouthful and be connected to the open top of the ice maker 25, so that ice slurry is into the ager 3；In the horizontal type tank body
In be provided with screw rod 4, the screw shaft 5 of the screw rod 4 is overlapped with the axis of the horizontal type tank body, to rotation when will curing
An ice slurry afterwards pushes one end of the horizontal type tank body to, and discharge port is provided on the top at the end, is used for after curing one
Secondary ice slurry is pushed into wash mill；It is provided with liquid injection port at the top of the horizontal type tank body, for filling aqueous solution.
Traditional freeze concentration equipment is all liquid injection port to be arranged on ice maker 25, and why the utility model is arranged
On ager 3, reason has two：Make first, allowing the aqueous solution having just enter into that can play certain washing to the concentrated solution of ice crystal surface
With, and so that those is less than the fine grain of critical nucleus size and melt；Second is that since the discharge gate of concentrate is in 25 lower part of ice maker, such as
Fruit just wants discharge, weak solution to be likely to away short-circuit discharge at this time, and the hair that this situation is then just avoided on ager 3 is arranged
It is raw.
The wash mill includes washer 6, ice shaver 8 and secondary ice slurry circulator：
The washer 6 is vertically arranged and the cylindrical tube of open topped, and lower sidewall is provided with material receiving port, described
Material receiving port is connected to the discharge port of the ager 3, for an ice slurry after curing to be introduced into the washer 6；Institute
It states and is provided with perforated piston 19 in washer 6 (it is stainless that the aperture 1mm of industrial standard, the punching of thickness 1mm can be used in piston face
Steel porous plate, and on stress bracket), the shape of the horizontal cross-section of the perforated piston 19 is interior with the washer 6
Portion's shape is adapted, and the piston shaft 20 of the perforated piston 19 is connected to lower part, for driving the perforated piston 19 vertical
Direction pumps, so that the ice crystal in an ice slurry after curing is pressed into ice crystal upwards is stacking bed for perforated piston 19
40；Also be connected to once ice slurry circulation pipe in the lower sidewall of the washer 6, one end of an ice slurry circulation pipe with it is described
The inside of washer 6 is connected to, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the ager 3, for being left after suppressing ice crystal stacking bed 40
Concentrated mother liquor cycle be recycled in the ager 3.To improve cycle efficieny, one can be arranged on an ice slurry circulation pipe
An a ice slurry circulating pump 21.
The ice shaver 8 includes shell, speed regulating motor 9 and rotary head 10；The shell is in the cylindrical drum being vertically arranged
Shape, the upper end closed of the cylinder barrel shaped, lower end are provided with connector, for being connected to the open topped of the washer 6, the shell
The lower opening of body and the open topped of the washer 6 are tightly connected；The cutterhead 10 is horizontally set on the shell lower end,
The downside of the cutterhead 10 is equipped with rotary cutter, for cutting into the upper end of the ice crystal stacking bed 40 to be come up by piston push
Ice crystal fragment 39；Upper side is connect by being vertically arranged and being pierced by the cutter shaft of the shell with the speed regulating motor 9, the tune
Speed motor 9 can be rotated with cutterhead 10；It is opened on the side wall of the shell there are two through-hole is connected, for being followed with the secondary ice slurry
Loop device is connected to, and is formed and is closed pipeline.
The secondary ice slurry circulator includes secondary ice slurry storage tank 13 and secondary ice slurry circulating pump 12, the secondary ice slurry
0 DEG C of washings are loaded in storage tank 13, equipped with the apertures 1mm sieve ice crystal is isolated and by secondary before the outlet of its underpart
One of ice slurry circulation pipe I and the shell connect through-hole connection；The top of the secondary ice slurry storage tank 13 passes through secondary ice slurry
Circulation pipe II connect with another of the shell through-hole connection, form the pipeline of closure so that the ice crystal fragment 39 with wash
Water is washed to be mixed into secondary ice slurry and be recycled in secondary ice slurry storage tank 13.In order to control the washings in secondary ice slurry circulator
Amount, regulating valve 11 is also set up in the secondary ice slurry circulation pipe I.It is communicated with exhaust at the top of the secondary ice slurry storage tank 13
Valve 14 avoids recycling unsmooth to adjust pressure therein；In addition, should also be connected to a benefit on the secondary ice slurry storage tank 13
Water valve 15, to supplement washings.
The ice maker, ripening device used be connected to the inside of wash mill are a closed cavity.
As an optimization, the scraped surface heat exchanger is the two-sided shaving heat exchanger of disk type, including refrigeration disc 24, scraper 23
With scraper shaft 22；The refrigeration disc 24 is in hollow annular, and the center of the annular is provided with installation through-hole, and the two of the annular
A side constitutes chill surface；It is internally provided with pipeline, is flowed with for refrigeration working medium；The refrigeration disc 24 is vertically arranged,
The scraper shaft 22 is horizontally disposed and across the installation through-hole of the refrigeration disc 24, and one end of the scraper shaft 22 is pierced by
The ice maker 25 is simultaneously connect with transmission mechanism 37, and the transmission mechanism 37 is connect with driving motor 36；Each refrigeration
Face corresponds to one the scraper 23, and one end of the scraper 23 is mounted in the scraper shaft 22, and the other end prolongs the scraper
Shaft 22 radially extends, and the blade of the scraper 23 is contacted with the chill surface.The transmission mechanism 37 can be transmission chain
The common transmission mechanism 37 such as item, sprocket wheel, gear.
As advanced optimizing, the refrigeration disc 24 has N number of, and it is whole not less than 2 that the scraper 23, which has 2N handles, N,
Number；N number of refrigeration disc 24 is parallel and is placed equidistant with；2N connect the scraper 23 with same root scraper shaft 22,
The scraper shaft 22 sequentially passes through the installation through-hole of N number of refrigeration disc 24.
As an optimization, further include raw material storage tank 1, the raw material storage tank 1 is connected to by charging line with the liquid injection port,
Inlet valve 2 is provided on the charging line, the addition for controlling aqueous solution.The inlet valve 2 is common valve, into
Open when material, closed when not feeding, why do not use normally opened check valve be because start wash ice crystal it is stacking bed 40 when, normal journey
Sequence is：Secondary ice slurry circulating pump 12, regulating valve 11 is opened, and is allowed washings to enter washer 6 and is replaced concentrate.The row of opening simultaneously
Valve 30 is expected, the concentrate of equivalent is discharged.But if inlet valve 2 is normally opened, material liquid (weak solution) can with washings compete into
Enter system, interferes washing process.So inlet valve 2 uses non-check-valves, it is therefore an objective to keep pan feeding also entirely controlled.
As advanced optimizing, the raw material storage tank 1 is connected to by concentrate solution circulating line with the discharge storage tank 33,
It is provided with discharge pump II34 on the concentrate solution circulating line, concentrate solution is recycled to the raw material storage tank 1
It is concentrated again；Be also equipped with triple valve 35 on the concentrate solution circulating line, for control concentrate solution cycle or
Discharge.
As advanced optimizing, one end of discharge port of the screw shaft 5 far from the ager 3 is pierced by described
Ager 3, and connect with the transmission mechanism 37；The driving motor 36 is connect with frequency converter, and frequency converter connects with PLC controller
It connects；The PLC controller determines the ice crystal content in ager 3 by the load current of monitoring driving motor 36, to realize
Control and overload protection.During steady state operation, ice crystal gradually accumulates in ager 3 (crystallizer), forms the primary of stiff
The two phase flow of ice slurry — that is, ice crystal and concentrated mother liquor causes the load current of driving motor 36 to increase.This feature can be used for referring to
Show the ice crystal content in an ice slurry.Once will shut down refrigeration unit more than set value calculation device, stop ice making, to avoid system
Overload.
As an optimization, it is provided with pipeline viewing mirror 7 on the secondary ice slurry circulation pipe II, for observing secondary ice slurry
Operating mode.
As an optimization, further include refrigeration working medium circulator, which includes condenser 29, compressor
28, cooler 27 and expansion valve 26 are returned；The condenser 29 is connected to by the first refrigerator pipes with cooler 27 is returned, and described time cooler 27 is logical
The inlet communication for crossing the second refrigerator pipes and the internal duct of the scraped surface heat exchanger, to form refrigeration working medium transfer pipeline；Institute
Expansion valve 26 is stated in second refrigerator pipes；The outlet of the internal duct of the scraped surface heat exchanger is cold by first time
Pipe is connected to described time cooler 27, and described time cooler 27 is connected to by second time cold pipe with the compressor 28, the compressor
28 return cold pipe by third is connected to condenser 29, to form refrigeration working medium recovery pipe；Described time cooler 27 is brazing-sheet type
Heat exchanger, the refrigeration working medium transfer pipeline and refrigeration working medium recovery pipe walk different circuits respectively in the heat exchanger, with
Realize heat exchange；The refrigeration working medium transfer pipeline is connected to refrigeration working medium recovery pipe in the condenser 29, to realize system
The closed loop cycle of cold working medium.
Further include defroster 16 as advanced optimizing, the defroster 16 is brazing plate type heat exchanger, the heat exchanger
One circuit in series is in first refrigerator pipes, to recycle cold；The defroster 16 passes through the first ice-melt pipe and secondary ice slurry
Secondary ice slurry circulation pipe I between circulating pump 12 and the shell is connected to, the defroster 16 by the second ice-melt pipe with it is described
Secondary ice slurry storage tank 13 is connected to, and forms ice-melt pipeline；The ice-melt pipeline is connected on the defroster in the defroster 16
On 16 another circuit.It is also communicated with drainpipe on the second ice-melt pipe, 17 He of drain valve has been sequentially communicated on drainpipe
Flowmeter 18, so that washings are discharged in time and control the dosages of washings.
In the ring containing the secondary ice slurry circulating pump 12 of circulating pump, defroster 16 (plate heat exchanger) and secondary ice slurry storage tank 13
Lu Zhong, as shown in the long dotted line in Fig. 1, setting reaches two purpose and effect：One, it recycles the cold of secondary ice slurry, reduce
Refrigeration working medium (such as R134a) enters the temperature before evaporator (i.e. the inner cavity of disc) and then raising refrigeration unit efficiency
COP.Two, melt the ice crystal in the secondary ice slurry in part, avoid excessive accumulation of the ice crystal in the loop.
In Fig. 1, short dash line item (--- -) represents refrigeration working medium (such as R134a refrigeration working mediums), and solid line item (-) represents
Aqueous solution (such as fruit juice) to be concentrated, long dashed bars (--- -) washings are represented, also contain in washings when ice shaver 8 is run
There is the ice crystal of suspension.During steady state operation, weak solution (such as cider) injection aqueous solution continuously freezes concentration systems, ice crystal
It is continuously generated on the chill surface of shaving heat exchanger (SSHE), is scraped by scraper 23, mix, float with solution, in formation system
An ice slurry (primary ice slurry), here it is suspension crystallisation process.
In ager 3 (alternatively referred to as crystallizer), ice crystal passes through Ostwald ripening effect (Ostwald
Ripening effect), about 300-500 microns of ice crystal is slowly grown into from initial micron order.Ice crystal and mother liquor during this
Between regional area (melt) exhibiting high surface radius of curvature by a so-called adiabatic process thermodynamically, with sacrifice and be less than
The fine grain of nucleus critical buckling radius is cost, facilitates the ice crystal further growth to survive.It is small that this process usually requires 3
When more than time could obtain the ice slurry of through curing, suitable crystallization-washing post separation.
An ice slurry in ager 3, the suspension ice crystal especially in ice slurry are pushed (such as from conveying screw rod 4 to washer 6
Shown in the arrow of Fig. 1).The liquid phase of solution is easy to return in ager 3 by the gap of screw rod 4, and floats on the ice of top
It is brilliant then be more likely to be accumulated in the inlet of washer 6, as shown in Figure 1.In the bottom of washer 6, one is made upper and lower reciprocal fortune
Dynamic perforated piston 19 is that compression ice crystal stacking bed 40 provides 0.1~0.8kgcm-1Upper pushing force, can by ice crystal " fishing
Rise " and push upwards.And mother liquor then passes through downwards the bottom for being extruded away, flowing back into crystallization-column scrubber from the porous plate of piston
Portion, finally the top of washer 6 forms porous, ice crystal stacking bed 40 that porosity is 30~50%.The work
Plug can be by compressed air module drive.Its stroke and speed are adjustable.
During systematic steady state operates, as shown in Fig. 1,3,4, ice crystal stacking bed 40 is with perforated piston in washer 6
19 election effect moves up, and the top of ice crystal stacking bed 40 shoots off very thin one layer in ice shaver 8 by rotation skates 38
Ice crystal fragment 39.The ice crystal fragment 39 being cut is mixed with 0 DEG C of washings, is become 0 DEG C of ice/water mixture, that is, is
The secondary ice slurry (secondary ice slurry) of system.The ice crystal fragment that washings carry returns to secondary ice slurry storage tank 13.It is logical
Piping visor 7 is observed and is controlled to the flowing of secondary ice slurry.
The operation of washer 6 is the key that entire freeze concentration system：
0 DEG C of washings are regarded in washings storage tank, circulating pump, regulating valve 11, ice shaver 8, the top of washer 6, pipeline
It is circulated between mirror 7, and ice crystal stacking bed 40 moves up, and cut by the cutterhead of ice shaver 8 10, if sled is considered as
It is static, this be equivalent to washings displaced in ice crystal stacking bed 40, in the form of piston flow from top to bottom ice crystal and ice crystal it
Between concentrated mother liquor.Washings are preset in the displacement of concentrated mother liquor, washing forward position in the centre position of washer 6, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show.The blank parts on 6 top of washer represent stacking bed 40 part of washed ice crystal, 6 lower part horizontal line portion of washer in Fig. 1
Divide and represents not washed sled.With in 0 DEG C of water displacement ice crystal stacking bed 40 in freezing point (<0 DEG C) concentrated mother liquor below,
0 DEG C of water occurred slightly to crystallize (icing) effect, the crystal ice granule being originally pressed together in the moment contacted with ice crystal
Between due to this slight crystallization by " sintering " together, become in " rigid body " — that is, Fig. 1 of porous and wash
The part of 6 top blank of device represents washed sled.Since the permeability of crystallization, this top half sled is less than
The not washed sled in lower half portion, to inhibit the mutual mixed of washings and concentrated mother liquor, it is suppressed that in porous media, when
A kind of liquid that liquid generally occurs during displacing another liquid, a kind of is inserted into another liquid as finger
In mutual mixed phenomenon, i.e., so-called " viscous fingering effect " due to the difference of two phase viscosities (during two kinds of fluid displacements, before being caused
It is pushed ahead (i.e. as " finger ") in dispersion liquid beam form along displacement interface, this phenomenon is known as viscous fingering).And then it produces
Given birth to one it is horizontal, more clearly, the washing forward position of clear-cut.
Since there are a large amount of ice crystals in concentrated mother liquor, (it is included in ager 3 and washer 6 in this crystalline substance-liquid system
In), ice crystal is practically at the thermodynamic (al) state that balances each other with mother liquor.Therefore, the freezing point (temperature) of measurement solution can be passed through
The numerical value for declining (freezing point depression, FPD) carries out on-line measurement to the concentration of solution (such as fruit juice).With
For cider solution, freezing point and concentration be associated with as shown in curve in Fig. 6.
A kind of continuous freezing and concentrating method of aqueous solution, this method continuously freeze concentration systems using any of the above aqueous solution,
Include the following steps：
S1：Aqueous solution is added to ager 3 by liquid injection port, and is entered in ice maker 25, the aqueous solution with shaving
Ice crystal is constantly precipitated and is continuously scraped when the chill surface contact of formula heat exchanger, forms suspension ice crystal；The suspension ice crystal with
Aqueous solution is mixed into an ice slurry.
Chill surface is in direct contact with solution, and scraper 23 scrapes the chill surface, and the solution on chill surface is made to constantly update.When
Solution temperature be reduced to its freezing point or it is below freezing when, ice crystal is precipitated in chill surface, and is scraped as suspension ice crystal by scraper 23,
It is mixed into an ice slurry with solution.As shown in Figure 2.
S2：Ice slurry floats and enters in ager 3, and the ice crystal in an ice slurry passes through oersted Wa Er
Moral curing effect grows into 300-500 microns of thick ice crystal through at least 3h, forms an ice slurry of stiff；Ice slurry of stiff
Under the impetus of screw rod 4, into washer 6.
S3：In washer 6, thick ice crystal in an ice slurry of the stiff quilt under the impetus of perforated piston 19
Push upwards, is formed as ice crystal stacking bed 40, and the liquid phase in an ice slurry of the stiff is then downwards through 19 quilt of perforated piston
It squeezes, and flows back into ager 3；Under the action of the reciprocating motion of perforated piston 19, formed in the top of the washer 6
One ice crystal stacking bed 40, porosity are 30~50%.
S4：It is planed into ice crystal fragment 39 by rotation skates 38 in ice shaver 8 on the top of the ice crystal stacking bed 40；It is described
Ice crystal fragment 39 is mixed with a part of washings, forms 0 DEG C of ice/water mixture, i.e., secondary ice slurry；The secondary ice slurry is followed
In ring to secondary ice slurry storage tank 131.
S5：Step S1 to S4 is repeated, until the concentration of the aqueous solution in ice maker 25 reaches setting threshold values to get to concentration
Solution.
In S4, another part washings wash downwards ice crystal stacking bed 40, and displace and retained in ice crystal stacking bed 40
Stiff an ice slurry liquid phase, part has been washed on the top for forming ice crystal stacking bed 40 and lower part does not wash part,
Washing forward position is formed between the non-washing section point for having washed part and lower part, washs forward position and material relationships control such as Fig. 5
It is shown；The washing forward position is controlled to operate as follows：
When washing forward position is moved downward to less than lower limit, injects aqueous solution and portion of washing water simultaneously is discharged, make washing for discharge
It is identical as injection water-soluble liquid measure to wash water, so that washing forward position moves up, until washing forward position is returned to preset section；When washing
When washing forward position and being moved upward to higher than the upper limit, stops injection aqueous solution and the operation of washings is discharged, so that ice crystal fragment 39 connects
It is continuous to enter in secondary ice slurry circulator, so that washing forward position is moved down, until washing forward position is returned to preset section.
When starting washing, 0 DEG C of washings flow to ice shaver 8, are washed out water and are flowed into washer 6, displace ice crystal
Mother liquor in stacking bed 40.But when " displacement " proceeds to 6 centre position of washer it is necessary to closing blow-off valve 30.So that setting
Forward position (washing forward position) is changed to maintain among washer 6.But at this time since sled still moves upwards by the promotion of piston, is dug
It goes.It is equivalent to ice crystal and has constantly been transferred to washings side above from following solution side.So that following ice crystal with it is molten
The volume of the mixture (ice slurry) of liquid reduces.On the contrary, the volume of the mixture (secondary ice slurry) of ice crystal and water above
It increases.So even if blow-off valve 30 is to close (no discharge), but wash forward position and still will continue to move down.So when
Washing forward position is moved downwardly over setting position, so that it may to open drain valve 17, portion of washing water is bled off, to reduce secondary ice slurry
Volume.By Fig. 1,5 it is found that system is closed.The volume of secondary ice slurry reduces, it is necessary to by the volume of an ice slurry increase Lai
Supplement, so while opening drain valve 17, inlet valve 2 must also be opened together so that the water of discharge system and entrance are
The weak solution volume of system is equal.
In addition, in the system, such as in ager 3, the temperature of solution is reduced to certain temperature value, according to concentration with
Principle corresponding to freeze point depression can open simultaneously inlet valve 2 and row as shown in fig. 6, the concentration of solution reaches discharge requirement
Expect valve 30.In this case so that isometric concentrated mother liquor and weak solution is discharged and enters freeze concentration system respectively.Keep cold
Freeze concentration systems holding to be full of entirely.
Above-described embodiment of the utility model is not to this reality only to illustrate the utility model example
With the restriction of novel embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other various forms of variations and variation.Here all embodiments can not be exhaustive.It is every to belong to this reality
With novel technical solution changes and variations that derived from still in the row of the scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of aqueous solution continuously freezes concentration systems, which is characterized in that including ice maker, ripening device used and wash mill；
The ice maker includes ice maker, the ice maker be open-topped tank body, the open top of the ice maker with
The ripening device used connection；It is internally provided with scraped surface heat exchanger, for making aqueous solution that ice crystal be precipitated simultaneously on its chill surface
Suspension ice crystal is scraped into be mixed into an ice slurry with aqueous solution；It is communicated with drainage conduit, the row in the bottom of the ice maker
Expects pipe is connected to discharge storage tank, for collecting concentrate solution；It is provided with blow-off valve in the drainage conduit, for controlling concentrate solution
Discharge；
It is described it is ripening device used include ager, the ager be horizontal type tank body, the bottom opening of the horizontal type tank body and with
The open top of the ice maker is connected to, and ice slurry enters the ager for one time；It is provided in the horizontal type tank body
Screw rod, the screw shaft of the screw rod are overlapped with the axis of the horizontal type tank body, in rotation by an ice after curing
Slurry pushes one end of the horizontal type tank body to, and discharge port is provided on the top at the end, for an ice slurry after curing to be pushed into
Wash mill；It is provided with liquid injection port at the top of the horizontal type tank body, for filling aqueous solution；
The wash mill includes washer, ice shaver and secondary ice slurry circulator；The washer be vertically arranged and on
The cylindrical tube of portion's opening, lower sidewall are provided with material receiving port, and the material receiving port is connected to the discharge port of the ager, use
It is introduced into the washer in by an ice slurry after curing；It is provided with perforated piston in the washer, the perforated piston
The interior shape of shape and the washer of horizontal cross-section be adapted, the piston shaft of the perforated piston is connected to lower part,
For driving the perforated piston to move back and forth in the vertical direction, so that perforated piston is by the ice in an ice slurry after curing
It is stacking bed that it is pressed into ice crystal in crystal orientation, and it is pushed upwards；It is also connected to once ice slurry in the lower sidewall of the washer
Circulation pipe, one end of an ice slurry circulation pipe are connected to the inside of the washer, the bottom of the other end and the ager
Connection, for an ice slurry to be sent into washer bottom and solution is recycled in ager；
The ice shaver includes shell, speed regulating motor and rotary head；The shell is in the cylinder barrel shaped being vertically arranged, the cylinder
The upper end closed of tubular, lower end are provided with connector, for being connected to the open topped of the washer, the connector of the shell
It is tightly connected with the open topped of the washer；The cutterhead is horizontally set on the shell, the downside installation of the cutterhead
There is rotary cutter, for the stacking bed upper end of the ice crystal released by piston to be cut into ice crystal fragment；Upper side by setting vertically
It sets and the cutter shaft for being pierced by the shell is connect with the speed regulating motor, the speed regulating motor can rotate with cutterhead；
It is opened on the side wall of the shell there are two through-hole is connected, for being connected to the secondary ice slurry circulator, is formed and be closed pipeline；
The secondary ice slurry circulator includes secondary ice slurry storage tank and secondary ice slurry circulating pump, is contained in the secondary ice slurry storage tank
Equipped with 0 DEG C of washings, the exit of its underpart is equipped with sieve, for ice crystal to be isolated, and passes through secondary ice slurry circulation pipe I and institute
State a connection through-hole connection of shell；The top of the secondary ice slurry storage tank passes through secondary ice slurry circulation pipe II and the shell
Another connection through-hole connection, the pipeline of closure is formed, so that the ice crystal fragment and washings are mixed into secondary ice slurry simultaneously
It is recycled in secondary ice slurry storage tank；
The ice maker, ripening device used be connected to the inside of wash mill are a closed cavity.
2. aqueous solution according to claim 1 continuously freezes concentration systems, which is characterized in that the scraped surface heat exchanger is
The two-sided shaving heat exchanger of disk type, including refrigeration disc, scraper and scraper shaft；The refrigeration disc is in hollow annular, should
The center of annular is provided with installation through-hole, and two sides of the annular constitute chill surface；It is internally provided with channel, with for system
Cold Working fluid flow；The refrigeration disc is vertically arranged, and the scraper shaft is horizontally disposed and across the center of the refrigeration disc
One end of through-hole, the scraper shaft is pierced by the ice maker and is connect with transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism and driving electricity
Machine connects；Each chill surface corresponds to one the scraper, and one end of the scraper is mounted in the scraper shaft, another
Radially extending along the scraper shaft, the blade of the scraper is held to be contacted with the chill surface.
3. aqueous solution according to claim 2 continuously freezes concentration systems, which is characterized in that the refrigeration disc has N
A, it is the integer not less than 2 that the scraper, which has 2N handles, N,；N number of refrigeration disc is parallel and is placed equidistant with；2N is described
Scraper is connect with same root scraper shaft, and the scraper shaft sequentially passes through the center through hole of N number of refrigeration disc.
4. aqueous solution according to claim 1 continuously freezes concentration systems, which is characterized in that further include raw material storage tank, institute
It states raw material storage tank to be connected to the liquid injection port by charging line, inlet valve is provided on the charging line, for controlling
The addition of aqueous solution processed.
5. aqueous solution according to claim 4 continuously freezes concentration systems, which is characterized in that the raw material storage tank passes through dense
Contracting solution circulating line is connected to the discharge storage tank, and discharge pump II is provided on the concentrate solution circulating line, to incite somebody to action
Concentrate solution is recycled to be concentrated again in the raw material storage tank；It is also equipped with three on the concentrate solution circulating line
Port valve, for controlling concentrate solution cycle or discharge.
6. aqueous solution according to claim 2 continuously freezes concentration systems, which is characterized in that the screw shaft is far from described
One end of the discharge port of ager is pierced by the ager, and is connect with the transmission mechanism；The driving motor with
Frequency converter connects, and frequency converter is connect with PLC controller；The PLC controller is by the load current of monitoring driving motor come really
The ice crystal content in ager is determined, to realize control and overload protection.
7. aqueous solution according to claim 1 continuously freezes concentration systems, which is characterized in that further include refrigeration working medium cycle
Device, the refrigeration working medium circulator include condenser, compressor, return cooler and expansion valve；The condenser passes through the first system
Cold pipe is connected to cooler is returned, and described time cooler is connected by the import of the second refrigerator pipes and the internal duct of the scraped surface heat exchanger
It is logical, to form refrigeration working medium transfer pipeline；The expansion valve is mounted in second refrigerator pipes；The scraped surface heat exchanger
The outlet of internal duct is connected to by first time cold pipe with described time cooler, and described time cooler passes through second time cold pipe and the pressure
Contracting machine is connected to, and the compressor returns cold pipe by third and is connected to condenser, to form refrigeration working medium recovery pipe；The Hui Leng
Device is heat exchanger, by making entrance working medium be subcooled the cold recovery for exporting working medium, to improve refrigerating efficiency；The refrigeration work
Matter transfer pipeline is connected to refrigeration working medium recovery pipe in the condenser, to realize the closed loop cycle of refrigeration working medium.
8. aqueous solution according to claim 7 continuously freezes concentration systems, which is characterized in that further include defroster, it is described
Defroster is heat exchanger, and a circuit of the heat exchanger is in first refrigerator pipes, to recycle the cold of ice-melt and reduce working medium
Temperature；The defroster passes through the secondary ice slurry circulation pipe between the first ice-melt pipe and secondary ice slurry circulating pump and the shell
I is connected to, and the defroster is connected to by the second ice-melt pipe with the secondary ice slurry storage tank, forms ice-melt pipeline；The ice-melt pipe
Road is connected in the defroster on another circuit of the defroster.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107837560A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-03-27 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of aqueous solution continuously freezes concentration systems and method |
| CN115200276A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-10-18 | 烟台冰轮节能科技有限公司 | Flocculent ice continuous concentration and separation device and system |
-
2017
- 2017-12-12 CN CN201721721376.7U patent/CN207627971U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107837560A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-03-27 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of aqueous solution continuously freezes concentration systems and method |
| CN115200276A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-10-18 | 烟台冰轮节能科技有限公司 | Flocculent ice continuous concentration and separation device and system |
| CN115200276B (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-11-25 | 烟台冰轮节能科技有限公司 | Flocculent ice continuous concentration and separation device and system |
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