CN207587241U - A kind of multinode controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model proposes a kind of multinodes to control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case, including：Accumulator；PWM generator；Totem drives, and the totem is driven to the boost module of recommending and provides drive signal；Recommend boost module；Full-bridge rectifier filter module；Prime sample circuit, the prime sample circuit acquire the full-bridge rectifier filter module information, are supplied to the PWM generator；Liquid crystal display operating platform, the liquid crystal display operating platform output signal to the central controller；Central controller, the central controller are equipped with trouble point；Full-bridge drive module；DC inverter is alternating current by full-bridge inverting module, the full-bridge inverting module, is used for the resistive load and the LC filter modules；The full-bridge inverting module output adjustment is sinewave output by LC filter modules, the LC filter modules, is supplied to the inductive load；Rear class sample circuit；Communication module, the communication module connection central controller and host computer, by central controller transmitting fault information to host computer；The utility model is more suitable for teaching demand, convenient for grasping the design of photovoltaic generation off-network inverter.

Description

A kind of multinode controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case

Technical field

The utility model is related to solar energy generation technology fields, more particularly to teaching type photovoltaic electricity generation controller.

Background technology

Photovoltaic generation is the emphasis of current colleges and universities' new energy scientific and engineering professional teaching, and photovoltaic inversion correlation is Very important component part in the entire content of courses.A kind of multinode controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case mainly for light The Practical training equipment for lying prostrate off-network electricity generation system real training and designing.Traditional industrial photovoltaic generation off-network inverter can realize that photovoltaic is sent out The electric energy conversion function of electricity, but industrial equipment integration degree is higher, student can not understand operation principle therein and control Method.All components, which all have been cured, in the control circuit of industrial photovoltaic generation off-network inverter designs, and student can not be right Circuit structure therein is designed.The control program of industrial photovoltaic generation off-network inverter can not all be changed, and student is very Hardly possible grasps control principle therein.Industrial photovoltaic generation off-network inverter can only have a kind of output waveform, and student can not grasp not With the circuit content and control method of the inverter of output waveform.

Invention content

The purpose of this utility model is intended at least solve one of described technological deficiency.

For this purpose, the purpose of this utility model is that propose a kind of multinode control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case.

To achieve these goals, it is real to provide a kind of multinode control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter principle for the embodiment of the utility model Tryoff, including：Accumulator, the accumulator is PWM generator, totem driving, recommends boost module power supply；PWM generator, The PWM generator provides control algolithm for totem driving；Totem drives, and the totem is driven to recommend boost module Drive signal is provided；Recommend boost module；The boost module of recommending boosts accumulator output electric energy, is supplied to full-bridge rectification Filter module；Electric energy after boosting is supplied to the full-bridge inverse by full-bridge rectifier filter module, the full-bridge rectifier filter module Become module；Prime sample circuit, the prime sample circuit acquire the full-bridge rectifier filter module information, provide signals to The PWM generator；Liquid crystal display operating platform, the liquid crystal display operating platform output signal to the central controller；Center Controller, the central controller provide control algolithm for the full-bridge drive module；Full-bridge drive module, the full-bridge driving Module provides drive signal for the full-bridge inverting module；Full-bridge inverting module, the full-bridge inverting module, by DC inverter It for alternating current, is directly used for the resistive load, is also provided to the LC filter modules；LC filter modules, the LC The output adjustment of the full-bridge inverting module can be sinewave output by filter module, be supplied to the inductive load；Rear class is adopted Sample circuit, the rear class sample circuit acquire the LC filter modules information, liquid crystal display operating platform are supplied to show.

In one embodiment of the utility model, the central controller can be carried out automatically controlling with controlling two kinds manually Pattern.

In another embodiment of the utility model, the load is inductive load and resistive load.

In the further embodiment of the utility model, the liquid crystal display operating platform has man-computer interactive communication interface, leads to Crossing man-computer interactive communication interface can be connected with host computer.

In one embodiment of the utility model, a kind of output of multinode control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case Including square wave alternating-current electricity and sine wave alternating current.

Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case is controlled according to a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment, for new energy section Learn the Practical training equipment imparted knowledge to students and developed with Engineering Speciality.Photovoltaic generation off-network inverter is the core of photovoltaic generation off-grid system Part, the utility model use open circuit and control mode, and student can understand the entire of photovoltaic generation off-network inverter Operation principle is familiar with the operating modes such as front stage circuits, late-class circuit and control circuit and electric circuit characteristic, grasps central controller Control principle and control algolithm.Student can also be according to the different loads photovoltaic generation off-network different from battery characteristics design Inverter component, control algolithm, auxiliary student understand rapidly and grasp the operation principle of photovoltaic generation off-network inverter with setting Meter method.Device panel illustrates the operating circuit of entire photovoltaic generation off-network inverter, equipped with the safe interface of standard, learns Life can participate in circuit design the connection for carrying out hardware and system building work.

The additional aspect of the utility model and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, partly will be from following description In become apparent or recognized by the practice of the utility model.

Description of the drawings

The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the utility model will become from reference to description of the attached drawing to embodiment Significantly and it is readily appreciated that, wherein：

Fig. 1 is the system knot that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case is controlled according to a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment Composition；

Fig. 2 is the prime of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case to be controlled to drive according to a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment Dynamic schematic diagram；

Fig. 3 is the prime work(that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case is controlled according to a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment Rate plate schematic diagram；

Fig. 4 is the rear class of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case to be controlled to drive according to a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment Dynamic schematic diagram；

Fig. 5 is the rear class work(that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case is controlled according to a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment Rate plate schematic diagram；

Fig. 6 is the center of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case to be controlled to control according to a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment Schematic diagram processed；

Fig. 7 is the control stream that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case is controlled according to a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment Cheng Tu；

Specific embodiment

The embodiment of the utility model is described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning To the same or similar element of same or similar symbolic indication eventually or the element with same or similar function.Below by The embodiment being described with reference to the drawings is exemplary, it is intended to for explaining the utility model, and it is not intended that new to this practicality The limitation of type.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of multinode control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case of the utility model embodiment, wherein wrapping It includes：Voltmeter 1, multifunctional meter 3, accumulator 4, recommends boost module 5, is totem driving 6, PWM generator 7, complete at ammeter 2 Bridge rectification filtering module 8, prime sample circuit 9, full-bridge inverting module 10, full-bridge drive module 11, central controller 12, liquid Crystalline substance screen operating platform 13, LC filter modules 14, rear class sample circuit 15, inductive load 16, resistive load 17, communication module 18, Host computer 19.

As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of prime of multinode control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case of the utility model embodiment Driving principle figure, in circuits below schematic diagram, R represents resistance, and C represents capacitance.Wherein for TL494PWM core occurs for PWM generator Piece, the proportional integral circuit of R7, C2 composition feedback, the minimum dead-zone circuit of C1, R9 composition two-way PWM, C3, R10 form concussion Circuit generates sawtooth wave, and the frequency of output PWM is provided to TL494, and C4 is the filter capacitor of power supply VCC, is provided to TL494 steady Fixed voltage forms sample circuit by R13, R6, R8, will recommend the voltage acquisition after boosting and rectifying and wave-filtering and returns, adjusts The PWM of the output of TL494.9, the 10 pins output two-way opposite in phase of TL494, and the PWM waveform with certain dead zone.By NPN type triode Q1, PNP type triode Q2, NPN type triode Q3, PNP type triode Q4 composition two-way totem outputs, this Sample can improve driving current, and switching tube is made, which quickly to open, to be turned off.R1, R5, R11, R15 are TL494 output PWM waves in figure Current-limiting resistance, R4, R14 are the pull down resistor for rapidly switching off switching tube, and R2, R12 are the current-limiting resistance of totem output. C5, C6 are the filter capacitor of power supply VCC.

As shown in figure 3, it is before a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case Grade power amplifier board schematic diagram.In boost module is recommended, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 are as the main metal-oxide-semiconductor of push-pull circuit, in Fig. 3 TL494 output two-way PWM wave be added in respectively after totem exports metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 G extremely on, in this way in metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q2 D poles between form high-frequency alternating current, by high-frequency step-up transformer T1 boost, formed high-frequency and high-voltage exchange Electricity, using the full bridge rectifier being made of D1, D2, D3, D4, by AC rectification into direct current.Through electrolytic capacitor C2, solely Stone capacitance C3 filters accumulator, the voltage of stable DC electricity.Prime filtered electrical is formed by C12, C13, C8, C9, C10, C11 Road boosts to prime and provides a stable charge pump.P1 is the signaling interface of TL494, and the pwm signal exported in Fig. 2 is connected It is connected on prime power amplifier board.The anti-circnit NOT of accumulator, P2 ports are accumulator access ports, by resistance R3 and N-channel MOS pipe Q3 groups Into the anti-circnit NOT of accumulator, P4 ports are then the VCC power supplies of prime power amplifier board.

As shown in figure 4, it is after a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case Grade driving principle figure.P1 is the knot mouth of rear class driving.S1, S2 mouth that central controller will control signal to be added in dead-zone circuit, warp 74HC04 phase inverter U3A, U3B interfaces are crossed, 4 road opposite in phase are exported using 74HC08 and door P4A, P4B, P4C, P4D, and Drive waveforms with dead time.Dead-zone circuit is formed by R10, C11, similarly R19, C20 and R11, C12 and R12, C13 group Into corresponding dead-zone circuit.Full-bridge driving is made of IR2110 driving chips U1, U2 and peripheral circuit, wherein 1HI, 1LI, 2HI, 2LI be dead-zone circuit formed four road waveforms, to IR2110 driving input signal, output for 1HO, 1LO, 2HO, 2LO.The Bootstrapping drive circuit of upper left bridge arm is made of R2, R3, diode D2；The driving electricity for bridge arm of sitting down is made of R4, R5, D3 Road；The Bootstrapping drive circuit of upper right bridge arm is made of R8, R9, D5, the driving circuit of bottom right bridge arm is made of R13, R14, D6.Its Middle tantalum capacitance C3, C8 are bootstrap capacitor, and the effect of fast recovery diode D1, D4 are anti-recoil voltage.Capacitance C4, C5, C9, C10 For filter capacitor, effect is to make 15v driving voltages more steady.

As shown in figure 5, it is after a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case Grade power amplifier board schematic diagram.Full bridge inverter is formed by N-channel MOS pipe Q1, Q2, Q5, Q6 in figure, Q1 is upper left bridge arm, Q5 For lower-left bridge arm, Q2 is upper right bridge arm, and Q6 is bottom right bridge arm.The pull down resistor of resistance R5, R6, R10, R11 for metal-oxide-semiconductor, V1, V2 Alternating current is exported for full-bridge inverting.C5 is high-voltage energy storage capacitor, plays the role of peak load shifting.P3 for full-bridge inverting export V1, V2 interfaces form LC filter circuits by inductance L1, L2 by capacitance C1, for sinewave inverter export P4, by R21, R22, R23, C13 composition acquisition inverter output voltage circuit, R21, R22 are divider resistance, this composition is divided and filtered again by R23, C13 Circuit makes high pressure, is divided into less than 5V, supply central controller sampling.P1, P2 are driven for full-bridge inverting and power interface, P9 For driving, low voltage interface.

As shown in fig. 6, U1 is PIC16 series monolithics, as the central control unit of the utility model example, including Function have：Wave driving, sine wave (SPWM) driving, acquisition output voltage, liquid crystal display operating platform etc. are corrected in square wave driving. By capacitance C13, C14, crystal oscillator Y1 composition Singlechip clocks source.Interface sections of the P8 for Liquid Crystal Module, RB0, RB1, RB2, RB3 Keystroke interface is corresponded to, RC4 ', RC5 ', RC6 ' are liquid crystal driving interface.Pass through microcontroller delivery outlet RC4, RC5, RC6 By U8 (74LS244), increase driving current, then export RC4 ', RC5 ', RC6 '.P12 interfaces are respectively：RA0, RA1 two-way phase The opposite square wave in position is given to P12 interfaces 1,2 feet by fast recovery diode D2, D3, and R17, R18 are as pull down resistor；Equally RA2, RA3 are that the amendment wave of two-way opposite in phase is given to the 3 of P12 interfaces, 4 feet, R19, R20 by fast recovery diode D4, D5 As pull down resistor；Similary RE0, RE2 are given to P12 by fast recovery diode D6, D7 for the SPWM waves of two-way opposite in phase and connect 5,6 feet of mouth, R21, R22 are as pull down resistor.Be made of the programming interface of one-chip computer module P10 interfaces, MCLR by R12, C16 reset circuit composition, PGD, PGC be programming make data, clock foot.

Fig. 7 is the control stream that photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case is controlled according to a kind of multinode of the utility model embodiment Cheng Tu.

Step S1 opens accumulator.

Step S2 uses liquid crystal display operating platform.

Step S3 selects output waveform pattern：Square wave corrects wave, sine wave.

Step S4 selects output frequency：50~100HZ is optional.

Step S5 after central controller receives specific waveform and frequency, performs corresponding instruction.

Step S6, full-bridge drive module receive the IO output levels of central controller, will increase its output voltage and electricity Stream, to push metal-oxide-semiconductor.

Step S7 recommends boost module and is opened after accumulator provides power supply and the totem driving for receiving step S14 Storage battery low-voltage direct current is boosted to High Level AC Voltage, enters step S8 by beginning work.

Step S8, High Level AC Voltage is rectified into high voltage direct current by full-bridge rectification module, and enters step S9.

Step S9, the dc bus of full-bridge inverting module are provided by step S8, and full-bridge driving is provided by step S6, is made in this way Full-bridge inverting module is started to work, and the dc bus of step S8 is reverse into the High Level AC Voltage controlled by step S6, into step Rapid S10.

The premise of step S10, LC filter module work is that the voltage waveform of step S9 full-bridge invertings module output is SPWM SPWM can be filtered into pure sine wave by wave, such LC filter modules.

Step S11, resistive load can be subject to any kind of waveform without influence, so exporting square wave, amendment wave in step S9 And on step S10LC filter modules output sine wave to resistive load, three kinds of waveforms can be observed in resistive load Phenomenon.

Step S12, inductive load can only use the sine wave that step S10LC filter modules export, this is because inductive load Characteristic determine.

Step S13, with step S2, S7, PWM generator generates two-way opposite in phase and the PWM waves with certain dead zone, And to step S14.And the voltage value of step S16 is received, it is compared by comparing device, and by the correspondence PWM after comparison Value is output to step S14.

Step S14, totem drive the two-way PWM wave of step S13, increase its driving current, be allowed to push step easily Rapid S7's recommends boost module.

Step S15, the DC voltage after detecting step S8 full-bridge rectifications, and voltage is supplied to step S16.

Step S16 samples out the virtual voltage of step S15, and its value is output to step S13.

A kind of multinode control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case of the utility model example, is suitble to the new of different type school The energy and relevant speciality teaching use.After the correlated curriculum for having learnt photovoltaic generation off-network inverter in student, the experiment of development When class or Course Exercise, the utility model example can meet teaching range.By the utility model example, student may learn The entire required module of topology of structural topology and structure of photovoltaic generation off-network inverter.The utility model example will be each The concrete function of module, circuit diagram, operation principle all clearly shows student, and student is needed after learning understanding again, from Row structure topology and waveform correlation output.Student can have more photovoltaic generation off-network inverter when using the utility model Deepen the understanding carved.The utility model by the way of central controller, realize to whole by the man-machine interface being made up of liquid crystal display The operation of complete equipment.In prime recommends boost module, using military project grade power tube and import IC, it is ensured that the stability of product, Circuit stability is protected, in student's operation error, equipment will not work, so damage will not be generated to equipment.It is complete in rear class In bridge inversion, in a manner that module integrates, student can observe the actual waveform of each driving, can also observe in bridge The specific waveform of each metal-oxide-semiconductor is obtained, the understanding full bridge inverter that student is more deep can be made, student can also be by this reality The interface provided with novel example, freely operates required square-wave inverter, amendment wave inverter, pure sinewave inverter. The utility model example has inductive load and resistive load, when student's understanding load can be made different, required inverter output Waveform is also different, can make the understanding photovoltaic generation off-network inverter that student is more deep in this way.By the utility model, During prime direct current, practical D.C. voltmeter, DC ammeter can see these DC characteristics, be exported in rear class inversion, practical Multifunctional meter can observe the relevant parameters such as voltage, electric current, power, power factor, the frequency of alternating current, can facilitate in this way The teaching of teacher can also make the more intuitive characteristic that must observe inverter of student.

In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specific example ", Or the description of " some examples " etc. means to combine specific features, structure, material or the feature packet for changing embodiment or example description In at least one embodiment or example contained in the utility model.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not Centainly refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the feature of description can be any One or more embodiments or example in combine in an appropriate manner.

Although the embodiment of the utility model has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is Illustratively, it is impossible to be construed as a limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not departing from the utility model Principle and objective in the case of above-described embodiment can be changed in the scope of the utility model, change, replace and Modification.The scope of the utility model is by appended claims and its equivalent limits.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of multinode controls photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case, which is characterized in that including：

Accumulator：

The accumulator is PWM generator, totem driving, recommends boost module power supply；

PWM generator：

The PWM generator provides control algolithm for totem driving；

Totem drives：

The totem is driven to recommend boost module offer drive signal；

Recommend boost module：

The electric energy boosting recommended boost module and export accumulator, is supplied to full-bridge rectifier filter module；

Full-bridge rectifier filter module：

Electric energy after boosting is supplied to full-bridge inverting module by the full-bridge rectifier filter module；

Prime sample circuit：

The prime sample circuit acquires full-bridge rectifier filter module information, provides signals to full-bridge rectifier filter module；

PWM generator；

Liquid crystal display operating platform：

The liquid crystal display operating platform outputs signal to central controller；

Central controller：

The central controller provides control algolithm for full-bridge drive module；

Full-bridge drive module：

The full-bridge drive module provides drive signal for full-bridge inverting module；

Full-bridge inverting module：

DC inverter is alternating current, is directly used for resistive load, be also provided to institute LC by the full-bridge inverting module Filter module；

LC filter modules：

The output adjustment of full-bridge inverting module can be sinewave output by the LC filter modules, be supplied to inductive load；

Rear class sample circuit：

The rear class sample circuit acquires LC filter module information, and liquid crystal display operating platform is supplied to show.

A kind of 2. multinode control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the center control Device processed can carry out automatically controlling and control both of which manually.

A kind of 3. multinode control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the liquid crystal display Operating platform has man-computer interactive communication interface, can be connected by man-computer interactive communication interface with host computer.

4. a kind of multinode control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described one kind is more The output of node control photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Experiment of Principle case includes square wave alternating-current electricity and sine wave alternating current.