CN207556715U - A kind of bow net contact force measuring device - Google Patents
A kind of bow net contact force measuring device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种弓网接触力测量装置,属于电气化铁路接触网安全技术领域。其基本思想是将受电弓弓头视为梁模型,建立弓头应变与接触力间对应关系;根据弓头滑板由于弓网动态相互作用而产生的应变与加速度数据,得到实时的弓网动态接触力与拉出值。该装置包括传感器单元、信号采集单元和数据处理单元。本实用新型测量弓头的应变以获取接触力,涉及的变量少,降低了由中间变量产生的误差;测量接触力的同时还能测得接触网拉出值;安装设备简单;采用光纤应变传感器,体积小,质量轻,可嵌入受电弓滑板内部,对受电弓本身结构影响小;用于测量接触网‑受电弓系统动态接触力与拉出值。
The utility model discloses a pantograph-catenary contact force measuring device, which belongs to the technical field of electrified railway catenary safety technology. The basic idea is to regard the pantograph bow head as a beam model, and establish the corresponding relationship between the bow head strain and the contact force; according to the strain and acceleration data of the bow head slide plate due to the dynamic interaction between the pantograph and the catenary, the real-time dynamics of the pantograph and catenary are obtained. Contact force and pull-out values. The device includes a sensor unit, a signal acquisition unit and a data processing unit. The utility model measures the strain of the bow head to obtain the contact force, which involves fewer variables and reduces the error caused by intermediate variables; while measuring the contact force, it can also measure the pull-out value of the catenary; the installation equipment is simple; the optical fiber strain sensor is used , small in size, light in weight, can be embedded inside the pantograph slide plate, and has little influence on the structure of the pantograph itself; it is used to measure the dynamic contact force and pull-out value of the catenary-pantograph system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于电气化铁路接触网检测技术领域,尤其涉及受电弓接触网系统安全监测与故障诊断领域。The utility model belongs to the technical field of electrified railway catenary detection technology, in particular to the field of safety monitoring and fault diagnosis of a pantograph catenary system.
背景技术Background technique
在高速电气化铁路中,安装于列车车顶的受电弓与架设在轨道线路旁的接触网通过滑动接触实现电能的传输,而接触网-受电弓之间的动态接触力直接反映了弓网系统的受流质量。为了合理评估弓网系统设计参数的匹配关系,掌握高速列车正常服役过程中受流质量的演变规律,需要通过在线监测的方式对弓网系统的动态接触力进行准确监测。In high-speed electrified railways, the pantograph installed on the roof of the train and the catenary erected next to the track line realize the transmission of electric energy through sliding contact, and the dynamic contact force between the catenary-pantograph directly reflects the The flow quality of the system. In order to reasonably evaluate the matching relationship of the design parameters of the pantograph-catenary system, and to grasp the evolution law of the flow-receiving quality of the high-speed train during normal service, it is necessary to accurately monitor the dynamic contact force of the pantograph-catenary system through online monitoring.
目前较为常用的方法是通过力传感器和加速度传感器进行接触力检测,基于受电弓弓头空间力系平衡原理,测量弓头与支架的相互作用力后考虑惯性修正得到弓网接触力,包括文献《铁路技术创新》的《弓网接触力检测关键技术》;《铁道技术监督》的《弓网动态接触力测量方法研究》。但这种方法受弓头滑板弹性变形的影响,需要考虑惯性力、空气动力、摩擦力等诸多因素,而传感器多采用电传感器,易受电磁干扰,高速运行情况下测量精度有限;同时需要考虑高压侧信号采集单元与低压侧信号处理单元间的数据传输、电磁屏蔽等问题,实验装置较为复杂。且常用技术的传感器体积较大,只能通过适当的工装安装在受电弓弓头的外部,从而对受电弓与接触网系统的动力学会有一定的影响。At present, the more commonly used method is to detect the contact force through the force sensor and the acceleration sensor. Based on the balance principle of the space force system of the pantograph head, the pantograph-catenary contact force is obtained by considering the inertia correction after measuring the interaction force between the bow head and the bracket. "Key Technology of Pantograph-catenary Contact Force Detection" in "Railway Technology Innovation"; "Research on Pantograph-catenary Dynamic Contact Force Measurement Method" in "Railway Technical Supervision". However, this method is affected by the elastic deformation of the bow head skateboard, and many factors such as inertial force, aerodynamic force, and friction force need to be considered, while the sensor mostly uses an electric sensor, which is susceptible to electromagnetic interference and has limited measurement accuracy under high-speed operation; at the same time, it needs to consider The experimental device is more complicated for data transmission and electromagnetic shielding between the high-voltage side signal acquisition unit and the low-voltage side signal processing unit. Moreover, the sensors of the commonly used technology are large in size and can only be installed outside the pantograph head through appropriate tooling, which will have a certain impact on the dynamics of the pantograph and catenary system.
相比国内的测量方法,在《Quarterly Report of Railway Technical ResearchInstitute》中2014年发表的《Measurement of the Contact Force of the Pantographby Image Processing Technology》中,采用摄像机测出运动中弓头悬挂弹簧的振动位移,由此计算弓头与支架之间的内力以及振动加速度,从而通过内力和惯性力推导出接触力。另有《Proceedings of SPIE》中2010年发表的《An approach to monitor railwaypantograph-catenary interaction with fiber optic sensors》,通过扫频实验的方式得到由0-200Hz的6个传递函数极值、零点和增益定义的一个离散滤波器,即接触力与光栅应变响应之间的传递函数,以实现对接触力的确定。与上述以受电弓为研究对象的测量方法不同,《Quarterly Report of Railway Technical Research Institute》中2007年发表的《The Pantograph Contact Force Measurement Method in Overhead CatenarySystem Vehicle System Dynamics》,将接触网系统理想化为无限长的柔索,通过在测点位置处布置应变片测量吊弦力以及接触线张力,利用接触网系统在测点处垂直方向的力系平衡原理,实现了测试区间的接触力测量。但就上述接触力测量方法而言,测试精度还有待提高,特别是高速运行时,而且实验装置较为复杂,安装的限制条件也较多。Compared with domestic measurement methods, in the "Measurement of the Contact Force of the Pantographby Image Processing Technology" published in "Quarterly Report of Railway Technical Research Institute" in 2014, a camera is used to measure the vibration displacement of the suspension spring of the bow head in motion. From this, the internal forces between the bow head and the support as well as the vibration acceleration are calculated, so that the contact forces are deduced from the internal and inertial forces. In addition, "An approach to monitor railway pantograph-catenary interaction with fiber optic sensors" published in "Proceedings of SPIE" in 2010 obtained the definition of 6 transfer function extremum, zero point and gain from 0-200Hz through frequency sweep experiment A discrete filter of , the transfer function between the contact force and the grating strain response, is used to determine the contact force. Different from the above-mentioned measurement method with pantograph as the research object, "The Pantograph Contact Force Measurement Method in Overhead Catenary System Vehicle System Dynamics" published in "Quarterly Report of Railway Technical Research Institute" in 2007 idealized the catenary system as For the infinitely long flexible cable, strain gauges are arranged at the measuring point to measure the hanging string force and the tension of the contact wire, and the contact force measurement in the test area is realized by using the force system balance principle of the catenary system in the vertical direction at the measuring point. However, as far as the above-mentioned contact force measurement method is concerned, the test accuracy needs to be improved, especially in high-speed operation, and the experimental device is relatively complicated, and there are many restrictions on installation.
实用新型内容Utility model content
实用新型本实用新型的目的是提供一种弓网接触力测量装置,它能有效地解决弓网动态接触力的实时监测问题。Utility model The purpose of this utility model is to provide a pantograph-catenary contact force measuring device, which can effectively solve the real-time monitoring problem of pantograph-catenary dynamic contact force.
本实用新型为实现目的采用的技术方案是:一种弓网接触力测量装置,包括传感器单元、应信号采集单元和数据处理单元,传感器单元由设置在受电弓滑板铝托下隔板内表面的应变传感器和设置在受电弓滑板铝托下方的加速度传感器组成,其信号输出通过光纤连接到信号处理单元,经过解调,再经网线从车顶高压端传输到车内低压端的数据处理单元。The technical solution adopted by the utility model for realizing the purpose is: a pantograph-catenary contact force measurement device, including a sensor unit, a response signal acquisition unit and a data processing unit, the sensor unit is arranged on the inner surface of the partition plate under the aluminum support of the pantograph slide plate It consists of a strain sensor and an acceleration sensor set under the aluminum bracket of the pantograph slide. Its signal output is connected to the signal processing unit through an optical fiber. After demodulation, it is transmitted from the high-voltage end of the roof to the data processing unit at the low-voltage end of the vehicle through a network cable. .
所述应变传感器的个数是不少于二个。The number of the strain sensors is not less than two.
至少有二个应变传感器,布置在接触网拉出值范围以外,分别靠近左、右两端弓头弹性支撑位置。There are at least two strain sensors arranged outside the range of the pull-out value of the catenary and close to the elastic support positions of the left and right ends of the bow respectively.
所述应变传感器嵌入安装在受电弓滑板铝托内部空心层,但不限于铝托内部空心层,也可以安装在受电弓滑板铝托底部外表面或侧面。The strain sensor is embedded and installed in the inner hollow layer of the aluminum bracket of the pantograph slide, but is not limited to the inner hollow layer of the aluminum bracket, and can also be installed on the outer surface or side of the bottom of the aluminum bracket of the pantograph slide.
所述加速度传感器的个数不少于二个,安装在受电弓滑板铝托下表面,也可以安装在弓头与弹性支撑铰接处。The number of the acceleration sensors is not less than two, and they are installed on the lower surface of the aluminum bracket of the pantograph slide, or at the hinge joint between the bow head and the elastic support.
本实用新型是通过弓网接触力测量方法来实现其功能的:The utility model realizes its function by pantograph-catenary contact force measurement method:
将受电弓弓头视为梁模型,推导出弓头应变动态响应方程,Considering the pantograph head as a beam model, the dynamic response equation of the bow head strain is deduced,
弓头应变动态响应方程如下式:The bow head strain dynamic response equation is as follows:
式中:ε是受电弓滑板纵向应变,F是弓网间接触力,m为弓头的簧上质量,ai是滑板底部第i个加速度传感器的加速度,n是加速度传感器的个数,k是气动力比例系数,v为列车运行速度,xp是接触点位置的横坐标,x是沿滑板纵向任一点的横坐标,E、W和L分别是滑板的弹性模量、弯曲截面系数和等效长度;In the formula: ε is the longitudinal strain of the pantograph slide, F is the contact force between the pantograph and the catenary, m is the sprung mass of the bow head, a i is the acceleration of the ith acceleration sensor at the bottom of the slide, n is the number of acceleration sensors, k is the aerodynamic proportional coefficient, v is the running speed of the train, x p is the abscissa of the position of the contact point, x is the abscissa of any point along the longitudinal direction of the slide, E, W and L are the elastic modulus and bending section coefficient of the slide respectively and the equivalent length;
建立弓头应变与接触力间对应关系;根据弓头滑板由于弓网动态相互作用而产生的应变与加速度数据,代入弓头应变动态响应方程,得到实时的弓网动态接触力与拉出值。Establish the corresponding relationship between the bow head strain and contact force; according to the strain and acceleration data of the bow head slide due to the dynamic interaction of the pantograph and catenary, they are substituted into the dynamic response equation of the bow head strain to obtain the real-time dynamic contact force and pull-out value of the pantograph and catenary.
通过静态试验对弓头应变动态响应方程中常量参数滑板等效长度L、弯曲截面系数W和滑板的弹性模量E,进行标定;Through the static test, the constant parameters in the bow head strain dynamic response equation, the equivalent length L of the slide, the bending section coefficient W and the elastic modulus E of the slide, are calibrated;
理论模型是将受电弓弓头考虑成简支梁模型,但不限于简支梁模型,也可以是弹性支撑梁模型,其弓网应变动态响应方程没有变化。The theoretical model considers the pantograph head as a simply supported beam model, but it is not limited to the simply supported beam model, it can also be an elastically supported beam model, and the pantograph-catenary strain dynamic response equation does not change.
本实用新型的有益效果是:The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1、本实用新型的弓网接触力测量方法建立接触力与弓头滑板应变间的直接对应关系,测量受电弓弓头的应变以获取接触力,涉及的变量少,降低了由中间变量产生的误差。1. The pantograph-catenary contact force measurement method of the present utility model establishes the direct correspondence between the contact force and the strain of the bow head slide plate, and measures the strain of the pantograph bow head to obtain the contact force. There are few variables involved, and the intermediate variables are reduced. error.
2、本实用新型测量接触力的同时还能测得接触网拉出值,省去了拉出值测量装置。2. The utility model can also measure the pull-out value of the catenary while measuring the contact force, and the pull-out value measuring device is omitted.
3、本实用新型的弓网接触力测量装置,安装设备简单;采用光纤应变传感器,体积小,质量轻,可嵌入受电弓滑板内部,与滑板作为一体,对受电弓本身结构影响小;同时光纤传感器耐高温,抗干扰性好,由环境造成的测量误差小,适用范围广。3. The pantograph-catenary contact force measuring device of the utility model has simple installation equipment; the optical fiber strain sensor is adopted, which is small in size and light in weight, can be embedded in the pantograph slide plate, and is integrated with the slide plate, and has little influence on the structure of the pantograph itself; At the same time, the optical fiber sensor has high temperature resistance, good anti-interference performance, small measurement error caused by the environment, and wide application range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的接触力测量装置连接关系示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the contact force measuring device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本实用新型作进一步的详细说明,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本实用新型,而非对本实用新型的限定。The utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, and the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the utility model, rather than limit the utility model.
现结合附图1对本实用新型作进一步说明。Now in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 the utility model is described further.
一种弓网接触力测量装置的基本思想是采用应变传感器直接测量受电弓滑板由于弓网动态接触力产生的应变,而非传统测量方法中的使用力传感器测量受电弓弓头与支架的相互作用力。The basic idea of a pantograph-catenary contact force measurement device is to use strain sensors to directly measure the strain of the pantograph sliding plate due to the dynamic contact force of the pantograph-catenary, instead of using force sensors to measure the distance between the pantograph head and the bracket in the traditional measurement method. Interaction.
采用附图1所示的装置实现接触力和拉出值的测量:Adopt the device shown in accompanying drawing 1 to realize the measurement of contact force and pull-out value:
一种弓网接触力测量装置,包括传感器单元3、应信号采集单元4和数据处理单元5,传感器单元3由设置在受电弓滑板铝托底部外表面的两个应变传感器1和设置在受电弓滑板铝托下方的两个加速度传感器2组成,其信号输出通过光纤连接到信号采集单元4,经过解调,再经网线从车顶高压端传输到车内低压端的数据处理单元5。其中应变传感器1采用带温度补偿的光纤应变传感器(测量误差小于1%,质量约10g,尺寸为20mm*5mm*1mm),对称安装在距离滑板中央300mm处。加速度传感器2采用三轴加速度传感器(量程100g),对称安装在滑板底部外表面,靠近受电弓弓头弹性支撑处。当受电弓与接触网相互作用时,受电弓滑板因接触力作用产生应变和加速度,通过应变传感器1和加速度传感器2测量后由信号采集单元4采集和解调后经网线从车顶高压端传输到车内低压端数据处理单元5。数据处理单元5基于受电弓弓头应变动态响应方程,将输入的应变数据、加速度数据处理成实时接触力数据和拉出值数据。其中静态标定在实验台上完成,通过在不同接触位置加载恒定的接触力,同时采集不同工况的应变,利用受电弓弓头应变动态响应方程,将受电弓滑板纵向应变,弓网间接触力、接触点位置的横坐标和应变测点位置作为已知量,得出方程中的常量参数,滑板等效长度L和弯曲截面系数W。A pantograph-catenary contact force measurement device, including a sensor unit 3, a response signal acquisition unit 4 and a data processing unit 5, the sensor unit 3 is composed of two strain sensors 1 arranged on the outer surface of the bottom of the aluminum support of the pantograph sliding plate and arranged on the receiving The two acceleration sensors 2 under the aluminum bracket of the pantograph skateboard are composed of two acceleration sensors 2, whose signal output is connected to the signal acquisition unit 4 through optical fiber, after demodulation, and then transmitted from the high-voltage end of the roof to the data processing unit 5 at the low-voltage end of the car through the network cable. Among them, the strain sensor 1 adopts an optical fiber strain sensor with temperature compensation (the measurement error is less than 1%, the mass is about 10g, and the size is 20mm*5mm*1mm), and it is installed symmetrically at a distance of 300mm from the center of the skateboard. The acceleration sensor 2 adopts a triaxial acceleration sensor (range 100g), which is symmetrically installed on the outer surface of the bottom of the skateboard, close to the elastic support of the pantograph head. When the pantograph interacts with the catenary, the pantograph sliding plate produces strain and acceleration due to the contact force, which is measured by the strain sensor 1 and the acceleration sensor 2 and then collected and demodulated by the signal acquisition unit 4. The end is transmitted to the low-voltage end data processing unit 5 in the vehicle. The data processing unit 5 processes the input strain data and acceleration data into real-time contact force data and pull-out value data based on the pantograph head strain dynamic response equation. Among them, the static calibration is completed on the test bench. By loading constant contact force at different contact positions and collecting the strains of different working conditions at the same time, the longitudinal strain of the pantograph sliding plate and the pantograph-catenary The contact force, the abscissa of the position of the contact point and the position of the strain measuring point are used as known quantities to obtain the constant parameters in the equation, the equivalent length L of the slide plate and the coefficient W of the bending section.
本实用新型是通过一种弓网接触力测量方法来实现其功能的,是将受电弓弓头视为梁模型,推导出弓头应变动态响应方程,The utility model realizes its function through a pantograph-catenary contact force measurement method, which considers the pantograph bow head as a beam model, and deduces the dynamic response equation of the bow head strain,
弓头应变动态响应方程如下式:The bow head strain dynamic response equation is as follows:
式中:ε是受电弓滑板纵向应变,由应变传感器测得;F是弓网间接触力;m为弓头的簧上质量,在此实施例中使用TSG22型受电弓,m=4.8kg;ai是滑板底部第i个加速度传感器的加速度,由加速度传感器测得;n是加速度传感器的个数,在此实施例中n=2;k是气动力比例系数,这里k=0.00228;v为列车运行速度,xp是接触点位置的横坐标;x是沿滑板纵向任一点的横坐标,此实施例中,应变传感器对称安装于滑板底部距离滑板中央300mm的位置,x=±0.3m;E、W和L分别是滑板的弹性模量、弯曲截面系数和等效长度,由静态试验标定后得到,L=1.2m,EW=2.54×105。In the formula: ε is the longitudinal strain of the pantograph slide, which is measured by the strain sensor; F is the contact force between the pantograph and the catenary; m is the sprung mass of the bow head. In this embodiment, the TSG22 pantograph is used, and m=4.8 kg; a i is the acceleration of the i-th acceleration sensor at the bottom of the slide plate, which is measured by the acceleration sensor; n is the number of the acceleration sensor, and in this embodiment n=2; k is the aerodynamic proportional coefficient, where k=0.00228; v is the running speed of the train, x p is the abscissa of the position of the contact point; x is the abscissa of any point along the longitudinal direction of the slide plate, in this embodiment, the strain sensor is symmetrically installed at the bottom of the slide plate at a position 300mm away from the center of the slide plate, x=±0.3 m; E, W and L are the elastic modulus, bending section coefficient and equivalent length of the slide, respectively, which are obtained after calibration by static tests, L=1.2m, EW=2.54×10 5 .
建立弓头应变与接触力间对应关系;根据弓头滑板由于弓网动态相互作用而产生的应变与加速度数据,代入弓头应变动态响应方程,得到实时的弓网动态接触力与拉出值。Establish the corresponding relationship between the bow head strain and contact force; according to the strain and acceleration data of the bow head slide due to the dynamic interaction of the pantograph and catenary, they are substituted into the dynamic response equation of the bow head strain to obtain the real-time dynamic contact force and pull-out value of the pantograph and catenary.
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