CN207457020U - A kind of siphon measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter - Google Patents
A kind of siphon measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN207457020U CN207457020U CN201721234807.7U CN201721234807U CN207457020U CN 207457020 U CN207457020 U CN 207457020U CN 201721234807 U CN201721234807 U CN 201721234807U CN 207457020 U CN207457020 U CN 207457020U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of siphon measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter, including siphon pipe, water level measuring component and measure of water element；The siphon pipe inlet end stretches into fixed level to be measured, the elevation of the siphon pipe water outlet end is less than the fixed level absolute altitude to be measured, and the fixed level to be measured includes initial fixed level, draw water the fixed level in measuring and the fixed level after measurement；The water level measuring component is disposed in the inlet end of siphon pipe to be changed with the fixed level of measuring siphon tube inlet end；The measure of water element is disposed in siphon pipe water outlet end with measuring siphon tube water yield.A kind of siphon measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter of the utility model provides a kind of measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter easy to operate, water yield is stable, data are accurate reliable and experimental period is short.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to the fields of measurement of hydrogeological environment parameter, and in particular to a kind of aquifer with low permeability oozes
The siphon measuring device of saturating coefficient parameter.
Background technology
Conventional methods currently used for obtaining infiltration coefficient parameter have bailing test and water injection test, both experiments
Method is essentially all the water-bearing layer larger applied to infiltration coefficient, such as gravelly soil, sand.
Conventional bailing test is in selected drilling or in vertical shaft, to selecting water-bearing layer (group) groundwater abstraction, is formed
Variation relation is lasted, with measuring water-bearing layer (group) degree of water-rich and the hydrology in artificial drawdown field using water yield and water level decreasing
The experiment of matter parameter.
Water injection test is exactly the continuous and quantitative water filling into drilling, makes to keep certain water level in hole, passes through water level and water injection rate
Functional relation, measure AQUIFER HYDRAULIC.
Since the aquifer with low permeability discharge capacity such as clay, silt, clay containing rubble are small, watery is weak, drilling unit
Water yield is little, and the field test effect carried out in this aquifer with low permeability is not ideal.Conventional bailing test, goes out
The condition of stationary flow is not achieved in the phenomenon that existing " dry once taking out ".Water injection test water level decreasing declines slowly or hardly very much, tries
It is very long to test the cycle.Therefore, the difficult point in the experiment carried out in aquifer with low permeability always hydrogeologic prospecting.
The main experimental method for obtaining infiltration coefficient parameter in aquifer with low permeability has：Water lifting test, laboratory experiment
And slug test.
Water lifting test is exactly that water is brought up in drilling with small pail, until not having water in hole, is then risen according to water level
With the relation of time, infiltration coefficient is calculated.Although water lifting test equipment is simple and convenient to operate, by artifical influence factor
Too big, water yield is difficult to control, and dynamic water level measurement is inaccurate, causes the infiltration coefficient reliability asked for not high.
The infiltration coefficient parameter that laboratory test is asked for because destroying the original state structure in water-bearing layer, is influenced by scale effect,
It differs very big with field test data, reaches the difference of the order of magnitude.
Now external mainly take for aquifer with low permeability is slug test, and its essence is by instantaneously to drilling
Inject certain water (or other means) cause water level suddenly change, observation drilling water level recovers rule at any time, bent with standard
Line fitting determines drilling infiltration coefficient nearby.Slug test is more demanding to micro- water test equipment, Completion of Drilling Hole technique, aperture,
It is also at the initial stage at home, pertinent instruments, operating instruction etc. are also in conceptual phase.With regard to this, for aquifer with low permeability
In it is how accurate, convenient and truly obtain infiltration coefficient parameter and become currently the urgently to be resolved hurrily of aquifer with low permeability is asked
Topic.
The content of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide one kind is easy to operate, water yield is stable, data are accurate reliable and experiment week
The siphon measuring device and its method of phase short aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter.
To achieve the above object, the siphon measurement dress of a kind of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter of the utility model
It puts, including siphon pipe, water level measuring component and measure of water element；
The siphon pipe inlet end stretches into fixed level to be measured, and the elevation of the siphon pipe water outlet end is less than described
Fixed level absolute altitude to be measured, the fixed level to be measured includes initial fixed level, the stabilization in measurement of drawing water
Fixed level after water level and measurement；
The water level measuring component is disposed in the inlet end of siphon pipe with the fixed level of measuring siphon tube inlet end
Variation；
The measure of water element is disposed in siphon pipe water outlet end with measuring siphon tube water yield.
Preferred embodiment is：The siphon pipe selects the siphon pipe that internal diameter of the pipeline is 4 millimeters；
Or, the siphon pipe selects PA hoses.
Preferred embodiment is：The siphon pipe is set up in parallel four tunnels；Or the siphon pipe is set up in parallel six tunnels.
Preferred embodiment is：The water level measuring component selects electric fluviograph.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are：
One, the utility model is compared with traditional bailing test, without with facilities such as suction pump, air compressor machines, utilizing siphon former
Manage it is unpowered draw water, reduce power consumption；
Two, the utility model is compared with traditional bailing test, without with facilities such as suction pump, air compressor machines, utilizing siphon former
Manage it is unpowered draw water, water yield is very small, one will not take out i.e. dry in bailing test hole, can make to reach stationary flow in drilling,
So as to obtain the numerical value of water yield stabilization, the parameter value of storage is more reliable；
Three, compared with water lifting test, the utility model device water yield is stablized, and is on the one hand convenient for accurate in siphon pipe water outlet
On the other hand really metering pump-out is convenient for accurately measuring the fixed level of different time, the hyposmosis obtained in suction eye
Property AQUIFER HYDRAULIC parameter is accurately reliable, and the infiltration coefficient of calculating is more reliable, small by artifical influence factor；
Four, compared with water injection test, the test period is short, data are reliable, entire experiment process can be completed within one day, without etc.
Treat the ten to fifteen days；
Five, compared with laboratory test, this method is field measurement test method, does not destroy the in-situ junction in water-bearing layer
Structure is directed to for entire water-bearing layer, and rather than just the property for certain soil body, the parameter of acquisition is more true, can
It leans on.
Six, compared with slug test, this method experimental rig is simple, and with slug test needed for instrument, required experiment sets
Standby cost is lower, easy to use and popularization；
The utility model is a kind of easy, reliable and quick obtaining infiltration coefficient parameter field site test method, root
Unpowered siphon suction experiment is carried out according to siphon principle, water yield is small and stablizes, and easy to operation, experimental data processing is in accordance with single hole
The theory and processing method of stationary flow provide one kind newly for the hydrogeologic prospecting of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter
Measuring device and measuring method.
Description of the drawings
The structure diagram of Fig. 1 embodiments 1；
Fig. 2 geophysical profile figures；
Fig. 3 is certain landslide depth to water isogram；
Fig. 4 is certain Landslide Groundwater absolute altitude isogram.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is illustrated with reference to Figure of description and embodiment：
Embodiment 1：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of siphon measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter of the utility model, it should
Measuring device is tested suitable for siphon suction, including siphon pipe 3, water level measuring component 4 and measure of water element 5.
3 inlet end of siphon pipe stretches into the fixed level 6 to be measured in bailing test hole 2, and the siphon pipe 3 goes out
The elevation at mouth of a river end is less than the water surface absolute altitude of the fixed level 6 to be measured, and the fixed level 6 to be determined includes drawing water
The fixed level after the completion of dynamic stability water level and bailing test when before the initial fixed level, bailing test before experiment.
The water level measuring component 4 is disposed in the inlet end of siphon pipe 3 with the to be measured of 3 inlet end of measuring siphon tube
Fixed level 6 change, wherein, the water level measuring component 4 selects electric fluviograph.
The measure of water element 5 is disposed in 3 water outlet end of siphon pipe with measuring siphon tube water yield.
The siphon pipe 3 selects the PA hoses that internal diameter of the pipeline is 4 millimeters, and the siphon pipe 3 is set up in parallel four tunnels or six
Road.
The measuring method of the aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter of the utility model, includes the following steps：
Step 1 determines the installation site of the siphon pipe 3；
Step 2 installs the measuring device；
Step 3 guides the initial siphon of siphon pipe 3；
Step 4 gathers location information, the procedure parameter value and time parameter of measurement gained of siphon pipe 3；
Step 5 stores the location information of the measuring device, the corresponding informance of procedure parameter value and time parameter and position
Confidence breath, procedure parameter value and time parameter；
Wherein, in step 1, inlet end of the installation site of siphon pipe 3 including particular geographic location and siphon pipe 3
Fitting depth, the installation site of the siphon pipe 3 determine according to initial stabilization water, wherein the initial fixed level
Buried depth is L, wherein 10 meters of L ＜.
In step 2, according to the incipient stability water level of measurement gained, by siphon pipe inlet end and the level measuring being arranged
Element stretches into initial fixed level, wherein the elevation of the water outlet end of the siphon pipe is less than the mark of fixed level to be measured
It is high.
In step 2, the siphon pipe installs four tunnels or six tunnels according to following situations：
Soil property when measuring water-bearing layer is clay, bankets, the silty clay of mud, silty clay, ＜ containing rubble 15%
When, the siphon pipe 3 installs four tunnels side by side；
Soil property when measuring water-bearing layer for stone contents 15% to 40% silty clay, completely decomposed rock, silt when, institute
It states siphon pipe 3 and is set up in parallel six tunnels；
Wherein, the siphon pipe selects the PA hoses that bore is 4 millimeters.
In step 3, the initial siphon of guiding includes：Water is filled into the siphon pipe of siphon measuring device, until siphon pipe
It is interior there is no air and rich in overbottom pressure, guide initial siphon.
In step 4, measuring the parameter value of gained includes：The water level value of fixed level to be measured, the siphon pipe go out
Water and its corresponding time parameter, the water level value of the fixed level to be measured include fluctuation numerical value and stability number；
The fluctuation numerical value is that the fluctuation of the water level elevation in one hour is △ S, and the △ S are more than 0.1 meter；
The stability number is that the fluctuation of the fixed level elevation in one hour is △ S ', and the △ S ' are less than 0.1 meter,
The time of measuring during stability number is t, when wherein t ＞ 1 are small.
The siphon measuring device and measuring method for selecting above-mentioned aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter carry out siphon pumping
Water is tested, and specific experiment includes the following steps：
1. fixed level preliminary survey.To in bailing test hole 2 to initial fixed level carry out preliminary survey, the reality of drawing water of selection
Verify 2 initial fixed level buried depth within 10 meters, ensure that bailing test has and certain fall journey.
2. siphon pipe 3 is laid, 4mmPA hoses is selected to carry out various combination siphon pipe 3 respectively as siphon pipe and taken out
Water test, with obtain it is multiple fall journey be used for calculation permeability coefficient.
Significantly, since siphon suction experiment is the gravity flow that utilized head difference carries out, maximum is drawn water depth in drilling
Degree is the height that free head overcomes a standard atmospheric pressure, therefore the buried depth of siphon suction test theory maximum stable water level is
10 meters, it is necessary to assure the elevation of the water outlet end of siphon pipe 3 is meeting water less than the absolute altitude of the water surface of fixed level to be measured
After head difference requirement, siphon pipe is arranged according to orographic condition on the slope.
3. the initial siphon of guiding, will fill water in siphon pipe, then under into bailing test hole 11 meters of depths, treat that siphon pipe is put
After putting in place, stop the water filling into siphon pipe, keep in siphon pipe without air and rich in overbottom pressure, by the water outlet of siphon pipe 3
Mouthful end (i.e. water filling port) is placed at specified elevation, and at this time by siphonage, the underground water in drilling flows out automatically.
4. the water level in bailing test hole 2, water and corresponding time record, level of ground water uses electrical measurement in bailing test hole
Water-level gauge measures, and observed reading is accurate to 0.01m；The measure of water element 5 of 3 water outlet of siphon pipe selects water meter to carry out reading,
Meter reading is accurate to 10-4m3。
In 10 minutes to draw water during experiment after starting, single reading is read within each minute, be changed to read within every 5 minutes once to read thereafter
Number until after stablizing, is changed to read single reading in every 30 minutes.
During experiment, the water level value of fixed level when just starting to draw water is a fluctuation numerical value, is embodied in small at one
When interior water level elevation fluctuate △ S more than 0.1 meter；
Stabilization refers to fixed level in water pumping experiment, and the fixed level fluctuation △ S ' in a hour are less than 0.1 meter,
The time of measuring of stability number should be not less than 1 hour during experiment.
So-called " stabilization " there are two the measurement foundation of aspect, one maintains not substantially for the water yield of same time step observation
Become, two maintain stable state substantially for drilling water level.
5. drawing curve according to the parameter of the AQUIFER HYDRAULIC of measurement gained, the radius of influence, infiltration coefficient are calculated, is painted
S-t (drawdown-time) curve processed, Q-t (water yield-time) curves and Q-S (water yield-drawdown) curve, and pass through iteration and transport
It calculates, calculates radius of influence R and coefficient of permeability K.
It is application example below
One, Practical Project hydrogeology overview：
Water-bearing media is distributed mainly on slope surface, it is obvious that low-resistance region is predominantly aqueous from Fig. 2 geophysical profiles
Layer, slope top water-bearing layer lithology are mainly completely decomposed vitric tuff containing dust, and thickness is 6~55m；Slope lower part water-bearing layer
Lithology is slide rock rubble containing cohesive soil, dust for the 4th, 4~32m of thickness.
From plane, slope top and slope lower part depth to water are shallower, between 2~6m, middle part ZK7,
Nearby depth to water is larger by ZKG3, ZK9, ZK13, between 11~14m.
Underground water is mainly from slope surface top to lower part runoff, wherein slope top ZK5 to ZKG3 sloped region Groundwaters
Power gradient is larger, and present situation landslide area ZKG3 is smaller to ZK28 speed hydraulic gradients.
Two, test situation：
This task selects No. ZK23 drilling of slope lower part and No. ZK4 drilling in upper ramps area to contain as hypotonicity
The bailing test hole of the siphon measurement of water layer infiltration coefficient parameter.
ZK23 siphon suctions test period be on April 28,24 days~2017 April in 2017 (be within 25th, 26 light rain~in
Rain, remaining is fine day), 3mmPA pipes, all the way 4mmPA pipes, two-way 4mmPA pipes, four road 4mmPA pipes, six tunnels all the way have been respectively adopted
4mmPA pipes are tested as a comparison.Five groups are obtained altogether falls journey.
ZK4 siphon suctions test period is May 16 14 days~2017 May (being fine day) in 2017.Employ two
Road 4mmPA pipes, four road 4mmPA pipes, six road 4mmPA pipes are tested as a comparison.Three groups are obtained altogether falls journey.
Three, test data：
Subordinate list 1ZK23 drilling siphon suction test datas (mono- roads of 4mm pipe)
According toFormula
Wherein Q=0.003784L/s, H=26.4m, S=2.636m, r=0.03m
Iterative calculation acquires
K1=3.08 × 10-3m/d, R=1.51m
Subordinate list 2ZK23 drilling siphon suction test datas (mono- roads of 3mm pipe)
According toFormula
Wherein Q=0.0015L/s, H=26.4m, S=2.016m, r=0.03m are iterated to calculate, and are acquired
K2=2.18 × 10-3m/d, R=0.488m
Subordinate list 3ZK23 drilling siphon suction test datas (4mm two-way pipe)
According toFormula
Wherein Q=0.004833L/s, H=26.4m, S=3.84m, r=0.03m are iterated to calculate, and are acquired
K3K2=3.03 × 10-3m/d, R=2.17m
Subordinate list 4ZK23 drilling siphon suction test datas (tetra- roads of 4mm pipe)
According toFormula
Wherein Q=0.004983L/s, H=26.4m, S=5.298m, r=0.03m are iterated to calculate, and are acquired
K4K3=2.45 × 10-3m/d, R=2.69m
Subordinate list 5ZK23 drilling siphon suction test datas (six roads of 4mm pipe)
According toFormula
Wherein Q=0.004167L/s, H=26.4m, S=5.68m, r=0.03m are iterated to calculate, and are acquired
K5K4=1.90 × 10-3m/d, R=2.54m
Infiltration coefficient is averaged:
Subordinate list 6ZK4 drilling siphon suction test datas (4mm two-way pipe)
According toFormula
Wherein Q=0.0124L/s, H=44.8m, S=0.584m, r=0.055m are iterated to calculate, and are acquired
K=0.020m/d, R=1.20m
Subordinate list 7ZK4 drilling siphon suction test datas (tetra- roads of 4mm pipe)
According toFormula
Wherein Q=0.014667L/s, H=44.8m, S=1.106m, r=0.055m are iterated to calculate, and are acquired
K=0.0147m/d, R=1.93m
Subordinate list 8ZK4 drilling siphon suction test datas (six roads of 4mm pipe)
According toFormula
Wherein Q=0.02722L/s, H=44.8m, S=1.512m, r=0.055m are iterated to calculate, and are acquired
K=0.0229m/d, R=3.31m
Infiltration coefficient is averaged:
Five, result of the test：
The siphon suction experiment of the measuring method of water-bearing layer Thief zone coefficient parameter is employed, is found according to result of the test,
Slope top AQUIFER HYDRAULIC is 1.92 × 10-2m/d；Slope lower part AQUIFER HYDRAULIC is 2.528615 × 10- 3M/d (table 9).The permeability in slope upper ramps water-bearing layer is more than slope lower part.
K, R result of calculation list are tested in 9 siphon suction of table
From the point of view of in watery (table 10), the accumulative pump-out in slope top ZK4 holes is (generally in 1~2m3/ d) it is more than ZK23
Hole is (generally in 0.4~0.5m3/ d), illustrate that the watery on slope top is better than slope lower part.
Integrated flow list is tested in 10 siphon suction of table
Result of the test with《Engineering geology handbook (fourth edition)》The engineering experience value of offer is coincide substantially.
The above described in this specification is only to the utility model example explanation.The utility model
Middle person of ordinary skill in the field can do various modifications or additions or adopt to described specific implementation case
It is substituted with similar mode, content without departing from specification in the utility model or surmounts the claims and defined
Scope, the protection domain in the utility model should all be belonged to.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of siphon measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter, it is characterised in that：Including siphon pipe, water level
Measuring cell and measure of water element；
The siphon pipe inlet end stretches into fixed level to be measured, and the elevation of the siphon pipe water outlet end is less than described to be measured
The fixed level absolute altitude of amount, the fixed level to be measured includes initial fixed level, the fixed level in measurement of drawing water
And the fixed level after measurement；
The water level measuring component is disposed in the inlet end of siphon pipe to be changed with the fixed level of measuring siphon tube inlet end；
The measure of water element is disposed in siphon pipe water outlet end with measuring siphon tube water yield.
2. the siphon measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State the siphon pipe that siphon pipe selects internal diameter of the pipeline to be 4 millimeters；
Or, the siphon pipe selects PA hoses.
3. the siphon measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In：The siphon pipe is set up in parallel four tunnels；
Or, the siphon pipe is set up in parallel six tunnels.
4. the siphon measuring device of aquifer with low permeability infiltration coefficient parameter as claimed in claim 1 or 2, feature exist
In：The water level measuring component selects electric fluviograph.
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