CN2074038U

CN2074038U - Multifunctional combined box for optical experiment

Info

Publication number: CN2074038U
Application number: CN 90208194
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐定山
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1990-06-04
Filing date: 1990-06-04
Publication date: 1991-03-27

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multipurpose assembling box for optical experiments, belonging to the field of physics experimental apparatus. The utility model is mainly composed of a box body, a divided circle, a battery, a red synthetic glass stick, a small bulb, a light source box, a switch, a big driving wheel, a centre shaft, a source of parallel light, a small driving wheel and a driving shaft. The multipurpose assembling box for optical experiments can carry out ten experiments such as the rectilinear propagation of light, verification of the reflection law and the refraction law of the light, the reflection of the complete reflecting flat mirror of the light, the concave mirror convergence, the convex mirror divergence, the phenomenon of the chromatic dispersion of light, the convergence function of the convex glass, the divergence function of the concave lens, etc. Simultaneously, the multipurpose assembling box for optical experiments can also do the refraction experiment and the complete reflection experiment in water.

Description

Multifunctional combined box for optical experiment

The utility model relates to a kind of physics experimental apparatus field, exactly is the mould assembling of multifunctional optical experimental group.

Current each university and middle school optical experiment instrument, the Experiments of Optics combined appliance for teaching case that mostly uses Jiangsu instrument plant of college of education to produce, its light source adopts 8.75mm projector projection lamp, 12V, the intense light source of 50W, experiment is not carried out in camera bellows, though doing experiment than under the intense light irradiation, experiment light visibility is low, inner cast iron bracket, thereby volume is big, weight reaches 25 kilograms, cost is higher, simultaneously, can't do refractive power test in the water, and each experiment all need reconfigure assembling, troublesome poeration exists many weak points; The instruments used for education that have can only be done Experiments of Optics.

The purpose of this utility model is that the mould assembling of a kind of multifunctional optical experimental group will be provided, and is intended to overcome the deficiency of existing instrument, and the rectilinear propagation of light is provided, checking reflection of light and refraction law, dispersing and ten experiments such as converging action of light simultaneously, has the functions such as total reflection experiment of light in water.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that

The mould assembling of a kind of multifunctional optical experimental group, mainly by casing, index dial, battery, red plexiglass rod, miniature bulb, light source box, switch, large drive wheel, axis, source of parallel light, little power wheel, transmission shaft and transparent organic glass panel constitute, base plate, side panel, backboard and the loam cake of casing (1) are injection molded by opaque plastics, loam cake can freely be opened and cover, the front of casing (1) is to form with transparent organic glass panel (18) bonding, forms watertight casing (1); Index dial (3) is made with white plastic plate or aluminium sheet, scale mark is arranged above, can read angular dimension, four symmetrical apertures (24) are arranged around the central point of index dial (3), in order to inserting various eyeglasses, index dial (3) by screw retention on axis (12), axis (12) by screw retention on the backboard of casing (1), large drive wheel (11) sky is enclosed within on the axis (12), on axis (12) step of large drive wheel (11) both sides, pad (13a is arranged, 13b), pad (13) is fixedlyed connected with axis (12), pad (13) makes large drive wheel (11) go up the location at axis (12), can freely rotate, but can not move forward and backward; Light source box (8) is connected by screw retention with support (10), support (10) is connected by screw retention with large drive wheel (11), little power wheel (15) is to fixedly connected with transmission shaft (17), the axle sleeve that transmission shaft (17) passes on casing (1) backboard is to be dynamically connected, transmission shaft (17) is connected by screw retention with knob (16), stage clip (20) sky is enclosed within on the transmission shaft (17), stage clip (20) is movable contact between the backboard of little power wheel (15) and casing (1), stage clip (20) and knob (16) make little power wheel (15) location, little power wheel (15) compresses large drive wheel (11), with hand turning knob (16), transmission shaft (17) promptly drives little power wheel (15) and rotates, little power wheel (15) drives large drive wheel (11) by pressing friction power and rotates, large drive wheel (11) drives support (10) and rotates, and support (10) drives the on every side rotation of light source box (8) around index dial (3).

Three miniature bulbs (7a, 7b, 7c) and miniature bulb support (22) are threaded in the light source box (8), and miniature bulb support (22) is fixed together with screw and support (10) and light source box (8); Electric battery (4) is anodal to be connected by lead and axis (12), axis (12), pad (13b) shell fragment (21) and support (10) are metalwork, thereby positive electrical stream is connected by axis (12), pad (13b), shell fragment (21), support (10) and miniature bulb support (22) and three miniature bulbs (7a, 7b, 7c).Electric battery (4) negative pole connects switch (9a) by lead, behind switch (9a), pass axis (12) by lead and go up the hole of boring, enter between index dial (3) and the support (10), go up around two circles at axis (12), (because do when testing, light source box (8) will center on index dial (3) rotation, lead is gone up around two circles at axis (12) 720 °, and the degree of freedom of rotation can be arranged.) enter in the light source box (8) along support (10) again, be welded on the scolding tin contact of miniature bulb (7a, 7c) lower end, Closing Switch (9a), miniature bulb (7a, 7c) can be normally luminous, and lead has insulation course outward.Electric battery (4) negative pole is with another root lead, through switch (9b), connect miniature bulb (7b) with above-mentioned same approach, Closing Switch (9b), miniature bulb (7b) can be normally luminous, light source box (8) is formed by plastic injection-moulded, entad face is printing opacity poly (methyl methacrylate) plate (19), require sealing waterproof, middle three miniature bulbs (7) are equipped with three red glass rod (6a respectively relatively, 6b, 6c), after miniature bulb (7) sends incandescence, become the not only thin but also bright light of three parallel redness by red glass rod (6) refraction, these three light are by printing opacity poly (methyl methacrylate) plate (19), use when doing experiment.

Source of parallel light (14) is made up of spherical reflector and miniature bulb, and the incandescence that miniature bulb sends is reflected into approximate parallel beam of light, and usefulness during for experiment is by switch (9c) control source of parallel light (14).

Foregoing circuit is switch (9a) control miniature bulb (7a, 7c), switch (9b) control miniature bulb (7b), switch (9c) control source of parallel light (14).

When using the utility model to do experiment:

1, the rectilinear propagation of light: Closing Switch (9b), (7b) is luminous for miniature bulb, reflect into red linear light by red plexiglass rod (6b), passing printing opacity poly (methyl methacrylate) plate (19) shoots out, go up straight red light of appearance at white index dial (3), Closing Switch (9a) again, (7a, 7c) is luminous for miniature bulb, at this moment, three straight red lights appear in index dial (3), prove that three light are all along rectilinear propagation, as shown in Figure 6, burning-point one coils mosquito-repellent incense, visible three the straight red lights of cabinet space again.

2, checking reflection of light law: with the aperture (24) on two pin insertion index dials (3) of level crossing (a mirror among Figure 15), turning knob (16), make light source box (8) forward the appropriate location to around index dial, as shown in Figure 9, Closing Switch (9b), article one, red light penetrates from light source box (8), shine on the level crossing, and by flat mirror reflects, go up appearance red bright incident ray and reflection ray at index dial (3), the angle of reading incident angle α and reflection angle β from index dial (3) equates ∠ α=∠ β, then turning knob (16) changes the position of light source box (8), incident angle α is along with changing the number of degrees, and reflection angle β also changes along with the change of incident angle α, still, α equals β all the time, thereby has proved the reflection of light law.

3, the refraction law of checking light: open casing (1) loam cake, inject clear water, as shown in Figure 7, the water surface rises to dotted line position, unnecessary water can overflow by the spillway hole on the backboard (23), turning knob (16), make light source box (8) forward position as shown in Figure 7 to around index dial (3), Closing Switch (9b), article one, the bright light of redness is mapped to the interface of sky G﹠W, return in the air along with a reflection ray occurring, go up the readable incident angle i of going out from index dial (3) and equal reflection angle β, simultaneously, another light occurs and enter in the water, enter the refracted ray direction generation deflection phenomenon in the water, reading from the index dial (3) as can be known refraction angle r less than incident angle i, read incident angle i and refraction angle r, can prove refraction law Sini/Sinr=n, that is: the ratio of the sine at the sine of incident angle and refraction angle equals the refractive index n of water; Then turning knob (16) changes the position of light source box (8), and incident angle i angle changes, and refraction angle r still, is the refraction law that meets Sini/Sinr=n also along with variation all the time.Simultaneously, can see that reflection ray brightened when incident angle i increased, the deepening of broken line light, otherwise, when incident angle i reduces, the reflection ray deepening, refracted ray brightens.

4, the total reflection of light experiment: as shown in Figure 8, turning knob (16) is in the water light source box (8), light source box (8) is can not intaking of sealing, Closing Switch (9b), when a red bright light is mapped to the interface of water and air since at this moment incident angle i greater than the critical angle C of water, total reflection phenomenon has appearred, when light is incident upon the interface of water and air, in the total reflection backwater, there is not light to enter in the air, simultaneously, readablely go out incident angle α and equal reflection angle β; Then turning knob (16) reduces incident angle α, as incident angle α during less than critical angle C, refracted ray and reflection ray appear simultaneously, refracted ray penetrates from water and enters air, go up the relation that reading can prove incident angle α and refraction angle r from index dial (3), Sin α/Sinr=1/n, this is to observe the refraction law relation, continue slowly turning knob (16), find just refracted ray disappearance, the incident angle α during light generation total reflection, incident angle α at this moment equals critical angle C, be ∠ α=∠ c, total reflection phenomenon exists always when ∠ α＞∠ c.

5, the flat mirror reflects of light, as shown in Figure 5, level crossing (a mirror among Figure 15) is inserted in aperture (24) on the index dial (8), Closing Switch (9a, 9b), article three, parallel red bright light is radiated on the level crossing, and again by flat mirror reflects, three incident raies are parallel, article three, reflection ray also is parallel, and this is to observe reflection law.

6, concave mirror is tested the converging action of light: two pin on the concave mirror (the b mirror among Figure 15) are inserted apertures (24), as shown in figure 10, turning knob (16), make light source box (8) be in position shown in Figure 10, three ray intersections of reflection take place in any in Closing Switch (9a, 9b) when three parallel rayss are mapped to concave mirror, this point is exactly the focus of concave mirror, focus place luminosity is the brightest, proves that concave mirror has converging action to light.

7, convex mirror is tested the disperse function of light: as shown in figure 11, convex mirror (the C mirror among Figure 15) is inserted index dial aperture (24), Closing Switch (9a, 9b), article three, reflect when parallel rays is mapped to convex mirror, intermediate rays is returned along former road, and two light in both sides depart to two outsides respectively, forms divergent rays, it is virtual focus that the reverse extending line of these three light intersects at a point, and this proof convex mirror has disperse function to light.

8, the dispersion phenomenon experiment of light: as shown in figure 12, with the aperture (24) on three shuttle mirrors (the d mirror among Figure 15) the insertion index dial, Closing Switch (9C), source of parallel light (14) is sent a branch of approximately parallel incandescence, see through three shuttle mirrors, light generation refraction effect, because ruddiness frequency minimum, to the refractive index minimum of three shuttle mirrors, thus deviation angle minimum, purple light frequency maximum, refractive index maximum to three shuttle mirrors, deviation angle maximum, like this, promptly by red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, purple from three shuttle mirrors by as far as nearly tactic colour light band, this is the optical dispersion phenomenon.

9, convex lens are tested the converging action of light: as shown in figure 13, with the aperture (24) on convex lens (the f mirror among Figure 15) the insertion index dial, turning knob (16) makes light source box (8) be in position shown in Figure 13, Closing Switch (9a, 9b), the bright light of three parallel redness is arranged, passing convex lens and assemble a focus, is real focus, and measurement convex lens center is exactly the focal distance f of convex lens to the distance of focus.

10, concavees lens are tested the disperse function of light: as shown in figure 14, with the aperture (24) on concavees lens (the e mirror among Figure 15) the insertion index dial, turning knob (16) makes light source box (8) be in position shown in Figure 14, Closing Switch (9a, 9c), light source box (8) penetrates the bright light of three redness, see through concavees lens, middle light does not change direction, two light on both sides depart to two outsides, forming concavees lens the phenomenon of dispersing of light is tested, see through a bit that three light reverse extendings of concavees lens intersect, is the virtual focus of concavees lens, measuring the distance of the center of concavees lens to virtual focus, is the focal length of concavees lens.

The utility model has the advantages that: at first be the rectilinear propagation that to do light, checking reflection of light and refraction law, the total reflection of light, flat mirror reflects, concave mirror is assembled, convex mirror is dispersed, the dispersion phenomenon of light, the convergence of convex lens and 10 experiments such as disperse function of concavees lens, simultaneously, the utility model can be done total reflection experiment in the water, refraction experiment, high to satisfy, the partly main experiment of optics in the junior physics textbook, secondly, the utility model, on the casing, down, both sides and backboard are opaque-plastic, has the darkroom function, thereby can adopt weak light source and reach clear and intuitive effect, once more, the utility model is in light weight, cost is low, and is easy to carry, and real is desirable optics teaching experimental apparatus.

Accompanying drawing 1: structural representation (Figure of abstract) is faced in the mould assembling of multifunctional optical experimental group

The plan structure synoptic diagram of accompanying drawing 2: Fig. 1

The right side TV structure synoptic diagram of accompanying drawing 3: Fig. 1

Accompanying drawing 4: the utility model circuit diagram

Accompanying drawing 5: the flat mirror reflects synoptic diagram of light

Accompanying drawing 6: the rectilinear propagation synoptic diagram of light

Accompanying drawing 7: the refraction law synoptic diagram of light

Accompanying drawing 8: light is the total reflection phenomenon synoptic diagram in water

Accompanying drawing 9: reflection of light law synoptic diagram

Accompanying drawing 10, concave mirror converging action synoptic diagram

Accompanying drawing 11, convex mirror are to the disperse function synoptic diagram of light

Accompanying drawing 12: the dispersion phenomenon synoptic diagram of light

Accompanying drawing 13: convex lens are to the converging action synoptic diagram of light

Accompanying drawing 14: concavees lens are to the disperse function synoptic diagram of light

Accompanying drawing 15: various eyeglass synoptic diagram

The 1-casing, 2-pin, 3-index dial, 4-battery, the 5-battery folder, 6a, 6b, 6c-red plexiglass rod, 7a, 7b, 7c-miniature bulb, 8-light source box, 9a, 9b, 9c-switch, 10-support, 11-large drive wheel, 12-axis, the 13-pad, 14-source of parallel light, the little power wheel of 15-, 16-knob, the 17-transmission shaft, 18-transparent organic glass panel, 19-printing opacity poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, 20-stage clip, the 21-shell fragment, 22-miniature bulb support, 23-spillway hole, 24-aperture.

Embodiment:

Casing (1) forms with plastic injection-moulded, long 300mm, wide 150mm, high 320mm, casing (1) Xia Sijiao is equipped with four pin (2), and casing (1) loam cake can open or close, battery (4) is housed in the casing (1), and voltage is 4.5 volts, and light source box (8) forms with plastic injection-moulded, long 64mm, wide 40mm, high 48mm requires sealing not seep water, (7) three of 3.8 volts of miniature bulbs are housed in the light source box (8), (6) three of red plexiglass rods, the diameter phi 18mm of rod (6), long 40mm, three switches (9) and a knob (16) are housed on casing (1) backboard, index dial (3) diameter 190mm, thick 2mm makes with aluminium sheet, the surface white background, scale mark and word are black, and axis (12) processes with round steel, long 30.1mm, φ 22mm, there is screw at axis (12) two ends, and an end is connected with index dial (3), and the other end is fastened on the backboard, axis is drilled with aperture on (12), passes for lead; Support (10) is made with cold-reduced sheet, thick 2mm, wide 10mm; Large drive wheel (11) φ 100mm, thick 10mm, center pit φ 22.1mm, little power wheel (15) φ 40mm, thick 8mm, little power wheel (15) wheel is with rubber band in week, to increase the friction force between the large and small power wheel; Source of parallel light (14) is made with 3.8 volts of miniature bulbs and aluminium skin reflection shield; Spillway hole (23) φ 5mm, hole contour with the central horizontal line of index dial (3) bottom, make the interior water filling of casing (1) after, after the water surface rose to index dial (3) central horizontal, water promptly overflowed; Four symmetrical apertures (24) are arranged around the central point of index dial (3), two on horizontal line, 5mm place under the central horizontal line, two on perpendicular line, φ 4mm, distance is 40mm between two apertures (24), and other pieces are advisable to be complementary, be assembled by figure, general assembly (TW) is 2.5 kilograms.

Claims

1, a kind of multifunctional optical experimental group mould assembling, mainly constitute, it is characterized in that by casing, index dial, battery, red plexiglass rod, miniature bulb, light source box, switch, large drive wheel, axis, source of parallel light, little power wheel, transmission shaft and transparent organic glass panel:

Base plate, side panel, backboard and the loam cake of a, casing (1) are injection molded by opaque plastics, and loam cake can freely be opened and cover, and the front of casing (1) is to form with transparent organic glass panel (18) bonding;

B, index dial (3) is made with white plastic plate or aluminium sheet, scale mark is arranged above, index dial (3) by screw retention on axis (12), axis (12) by screw retention on the backboard of casing (1), large drive wheel (11) sky is enclosed within on the axis (12), on axis (12) step of large drive wheel (11) both sides, pad (13a is arranged, 13b), pad (13) is fixedlyed connected with axis (12), light source box (8) is connected by screw retention with support (10), support (10) is connected by screw retention with large drive wheel (11), little power wheel (15) is to fixedly connected with transmission shaft (17), the axle sleeve that transmission shaft (17) passes on casing (1) backboard is to be dynamically connected, transmission shaft (17) is connected by screw retention with knob (16), stage clip (20) sky is enclosed within on the transmission shaft (17), stage clip (20) is movable contact between the backboard of little power wheel (15) and casing (1), and little power wheel (15) compresses large drive wheel (11);

Three miniature bulbs (7a, 7b, 7c) and miniature bulb support (22) are threaded in c, the light source box (8), miniature bulb support (22) is fixed together with screw and support (10) and light source box (8), light source box (8) is formed by plastic injection-moulded, entad face is printing opacity poly (methyl methacrylate) plate (19), and three miniature bulbs (7) are equipped with three red glass rods (6) respectively relatively;

D, source of parallel light (14) are made up of spherical reflector and miniature bulb.

2, multifunctional optical experimental group according to claim 1 mould assembling is characterized in that circuit is switch (9a) control miniature bulb (7a, 7c), switch (9b) control miniature bulb (7b), switch (9c) control source of parallel light (14).

3, want 1 described multifunctional optical experimental group mould assembling according to right, the central point that it is characterized in that index dial (3) has four symmetrical apertures (24) on every side, two on horizontal line, 5mm place under the central horizontal line, two on perpendicular line, φ 4mm, distance is 40mm between two apertures (24).