A kind of centripetal steam turbine adjustable nozzle assembly
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of turbomachine and power-equipment.Specifically, it the utility model is related to one kind
Centripetal steam turbine adjustable nozzle assembly.
Background technology
As country has worked out the policy of increasingly stringenter control air pollution, miscellaneous highly energy-consuming coal-fired industry
Boiler is urgently subject to transformation and upgrade.These boilers are widely distributed in the industries such as papermaking, printing and dyeing, weaving, chemical industry, oil, are made a living
Production process provides steam, and average evaporation capacity is only about 11 tphs, and actual operating efficiency only has 65% or so.In many situations
Steam caused by lower boiler needs to carry out pressure and temperature reducing to meet downstream production requirement so that the more high-grade energy of high steam
Amount is not utilized and is directly down to lower pressure, forms serious waste.
For the transformation and upgrade demand of above-mentioned Industrial Boiler, one kind can significantly improve energy utilization rate and produce good economical
The cogeneration of heat and power mode of benefit be by Industrial Boiler produce steam after back pressure turbine generates electricity, then with user need the back of the body
Pressure is delivered to downstream production process.Current such back pressure turbine is mostly multiatage axial flow structure, its structure and high-power machine
Type is similar, and since the evaporation capacity of Industrial Boiler and corresponding generated energy are relatively low, this kind of type per kilowatt manufacture cost is higher.This
Outside, in all kinds of production process middle and lower reaches steam consumptions, usually there are larger fluctuation, to realize that the corresponding of steam turbine flow is adjusted, axis stream
The formula back pressure turbine first order is often governing stage, and the stage efficiency is relatively low, so as to limit the overall operation of back pressure turbine
Efficiency.
In addition to axial back pressure turbine, another structure is relatively simple, manufacture lower-cost mode be using to
Heart back pressure turbine, machine volume is small, and mounting arrangements are flexible, and construction work amount is small.But since centripetal steam turbine is mostly single
The design of level structure, its nozzle and impeller moulding is all based on design point parameter.When gas consumption fluctuates, adaptability is poor.
Such as change flow by the way of the throttling of inlet adjusting valve, and under steam acting ability can be caused due to the decompression of valve significantly
Drop, influences steam turbine whole efficiency.Therefore, to realizing that centripetal back pressure turbine coordinates this cogeneration of heat and power side of Industrial Boiler
The high efficient and reliable of formula, which is run and possessed, is widely popularized meaning, it is necessary to develops new centripetal back pressure turbine flow-rate adjustment side
Formula, so that in the case where keeping turbine speed constant, when when downstream, gas consumption fluctuates, steam turbine can adapt in time
Changes in flow rate simultaneously remains to keep higher overall operation efficiency.
Utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of centripetal steam turbine adjustable nozzle assembly, and the purpose is to pacify by varying nozzle vane
Dress angle adjusts area of nozzle throat, so as to fulfill centripetal steam turbine flow-rate adjustment and keep the higher operation effect of steam turbine
Rate.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution that the utility model is taken is:
The centripetal steam turbine adjustable nozzle assembly of the utility model, including steam turbine spiral case, adjustable nozzle leaf grating, adjusting
Mechanism and turbine rotor;Adjustable nozzle leaf grating is by nozzle mounting disc and the multiple nozzle vane structures being circumferentially evenly arranged
Into nozzle mounting disc is fixed with steam turbine spiral case;Adjusting machine is installed relative to the opposite side of nozzle vane in nozzle mounting disc
Structure, adjusting mechanism are made of regulation ring, finger, pin and driving mechanism;Wherein finger is fixed on nozzle vane close to trailing edge
Position is simultaneously nested in adjusting sliding slot, and pin and nozzle mounting disc are fixed, and the location hole through nozzle vane close to edge;
Driving mechanism is fixed with steam turbine spiral case, drives regulation ring to rotate by gear;Each nozzle vane passes through pin and nozzle
Mounting disc is fixed, and can be rotated around pin;Finger and the adjusting sliding slot of regulation ring form friction pair, and driving mechanism passes through gear
Drive regulation ring to rotate, after regulation ring rotates, drive finger and nozzle vane to be rotated together about pin by adjusting sliding slot, so that
Realize and adjust purpose of the nozzle vane relative to tangent to periphery direction established angle.
There are minimum and maximum aperture for the adjustable nozzle leaf grating;The minimum and maximum aperture of the adjustable nozzle leaf grating
Distinguish maximum and minimum value of the corresponding nozzle blade relative to tangent to periphery direction established angle;The adjustable nozzle leaf grating is most
Under big and minimum aperture state, finger should be respectively positioned at the end positions for adjusting sliding slot.
The adjustable nozzle leaf grating under maximum opening, its trailing edge position with respect to centripetal steam turbine axle center diameter not
Less than 1.015 times of turbine rotor inlet diameter, to ensure to have enough gaps between nozzle and impeller;The adjustable nozzle
Under maximum opening, its leading edge locus goes out leaf grating with respect to exhaust of the diameter in centripetal steam turbine axle center no more than steam turbine spiral case
Diameter at mouthful, to ensure that nozzle vane will not be stopped be subject to steam turbine spiral case when rotated.
When the regulation ring turns over certain angle around centripetal steam turbine axle center, nozzle leaf is driven by adjusting sliding slot
Piece, makes nozzle vane also go to another angle relative to the established angle in tangent to periphery direction;The setting angle of nozzle vane
It is linear relationship between the angle that variable quantity and regulation ring turn over.
The regulation ring have arc adjusting sliding slot, finger be nested in adjust sliding slot in and when being rotated around pin by
Adjust the limitation of sliding slot shape and position;The quantity of the adjusting sliding slot is identical with the quantity of nozzle vane, can drive all
Nozzle vane changes established angle jointly, it is each adjust the angular range that sliding slot is formed relative to steam turbine axle center be less than 360 °/
Z, Z are the quantity of nozzle vane.
The key of the utility model is to determine shape and its position in regulation ring for adjusting sliding slot.Tied according to adjusting
The operation principle of structure, the width for adjusting sliding slot is not less than the diameter of finger, to ensure that finger has foot when being moved in adjusting sliding slot
Enough gaps, will not be stuck.Adjust sliding slot centrode then by finger when being rotated around pin relative to regulation ring institute shape
Into motion track determine, angle that this track can be rotated by the variable quantity of setting angle of nozzle vane, regulation ring, pin
Centre-to-centre spacing between the distance and finger and pin in centre-to-centre spacing steam turbine axle center determines that circular is as follows:
Wherein, Rc is the distance between pin center and steam turbine axle center, centre-to-centre spacing of the L between finger and pin, β 0
It is adjustable nozzle leaf grating in maximum opening, the angle that the line of centres of finger and pin is formed with tangent to periphery direction.γ is
Under a certain aperture state, the reduction amount when established angle of nozzle vane is compared to maximum opening, α is opened adjustable nozzle leaf grating for this
The angle that is turned over when regulation ring is compared to maximum opening when spending, R are the distance between finger center and steam turbine axle center at this time,
φ by finger center compared to maximum opening when the angle that turns over.When γ values determine, because α and γ are linear relationship, then α values
Also determine, R and φ values two formulas can be calculated more than.From the maximum opening of adjustable nozzle leaf grating to minimum aperture, for
Each definite γ value, can all calculate corresponding R and φ values, thus obtained the pole using steam turbine axle center as origin and sat
The correspondence of the lower R=f (φ) of mark system, be the motion track that finger is formed relative to regulation ring, is slided so that it is determined that adjusting
The centrode of groove.
The utility model uses above-mentioned technical proposal, and the peace of nozzle vane can be continuously adjusted between minimum and maximum aperture
Angle is filled, so as to change the throat opening area of nozzle so that in the case where throttle (steam) temperature and pressure are constant, the stream of centripetal steam turbine
Amount can realize continuously adjusting from maximum stream flow to minimum discharge, so as to adapt to the fluctuation of downstream throughput;Due to adjusting
The rotational angle of ring and the variable quantity of setting angle of nozzle vane are set as linear relationship, and exterior control mechanism can be simple and reliable
Ground adjusts setting angle of nozzle vane according to demand, simplifies control law;In addition, centripetal steam turbine flow is installed by nozzle
Angle is adjusted, and coordinates appropriate nozzle blade design, nozzle and impeller can be made all to keep higher in wider range of flow
Efficiency, it is no longer necessary to change flow by way of steam turbine air inlet adjustment valve depressurizes, avoid the damage of steam acting ability
Lose, therefore higher steam turbine overall operation efficiency can be kept in the range of minimum discharge to maximum stream flow.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the utility model, can be as the attached drawing of specification digest;
Fig. 2 is sectional views of the Fig. 1 along Section A-A;
Fig. 3 is the nozzle vane part sectional view of the utility model;
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram of the nozzle blade cascade of the utility model in maximum opening and minimum aperture;
Fig. 5 is the adjusting mechanism schematic diagram of the utility model;
Fig. 6 is the adjusting mechanism and nozzle vane motion schematic diagram of the utility model.
Embodiment
Below against attached drawing, by the description of the embodiment, making to specific embodiment of the present utility model further detailed
Thin explanation, with help inventive concept of the those skilled in the art to the utility model, technical solution have it is more complete, accurate and
Deep understanding.
The overall structure diagram of centripetal steam turbine adjustable nozzle assembly described in the utility model is as shown in Figure 1, bag
Include steam turbine spiral case (1), adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2), adjusting mechanism (3) and turbine rotor (4), the wherein section view in 1-1 sections
Figure is as shown in Figure 2.Adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2) is by nozzle mounting disc (5) and the multiple nozzle vanes (6) being circumferentially evenly arranged
Form, nozzle mounting disc (5) is fixed with steam turbine spiral case (1).In nozzle mounting disc (5) relative to the another of nozzle vane (6)
Side is provided with adjusting mechanism (3), and adjusting mechanism (3) is made of regulation ring (7), finger (8), pin (9) and driving mechanism (10).
Wherein finger (8) is fixed on nozzle vane (6) close to the position of trailing edge and is nested in adjusting sliding slot (7a), pin (9) and spray
Mouth mounting disc (5) is fixed, and the location hole (9a) through nozzle vane (6) close to edge;Driving mechanism (10) and steam turbine
Spiral case (1) is fixed, drives regulation ring (7) to rotate by gear.Each nozzle vane (6) is installed by pin (9) and nozzle
Disk (5) is fixed, and can be rotated around pin (9).Finger (8) and the adjusting sliding slot (7a) of regulation ring (7) form friction pair, driving
Mechanism (10) drives regulation ring (7) to rotate by gear, then common by adjusting sliding slot (7a) driving finger (8) and nozzle vane (6)
Rotated with around pin (9).
As shown in figure 4, adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2) is there are minimum and maximum aperture, and corresponding nozzle blade (6) is opposite respectively
In the maximum and minimum value of tangent to periphery direction established angle.Adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2) is dialled under minimum and maximum aperture state
Selling (8) should be respectively positioned at the end positions for adjusting sliding slot (7a).
In Fig. 4, for adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2) in maximum opening, the trailing edge position of nozzle vane (6) is with respect to radial inflow steamer
The diameter of the arbor heart is not less than 1.015 times of turbine rotor (4) inlet diameter, between ensureing to have between nozzle and impeller enough
Gap, prevents from scratching with nozzle vane when impeller from rotating.Meanwhile adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2) is under maximum opening, nozzle vane
(6) leading edge locus is not more than diameter at the air exit of steam turbine spiral case (1) with respect to the diameter in centripetal steam turbine axle center, with
Ensure that nozzle vane (6) will not be subject to the stop of steam turbine spiral case (1) when rotated.
As shown in figure 5, regulation ring (7) has the adjusting sliding slot (7a) of arc, finger (8), which is nested in, to be adjusted in sliding slot (7a)
And when being rotated around pin (9) modulated sliding slot (7a) shape and position limitation.Regulation ring (7) is around centripetal steam turbine axle center
When turning over certain angle, drive finger (8) together to be rotated together with nozzle vane (6) around pin (9) by adjusting sliding slot (7a), make
Nozzle vane (6) goes to another angle relative to the established angle in tangent to periphery direction.The variable quantity of nozzle vane (6) established angle with
It is linear relationship between the angle that regulation ring (7) turns over.The quantity of the adjusting sliding slot (7a) of regulation ring (7) and nozzle vane (6)
Quantity is identical, and all nozzle vanes (6) can be driven to change established angle jointly, and each adjusts sliding slot relative to steam turbine axle center
The angular range formed is less than 360 °/Z, and Z is the quantity of nozzle vane (6).
The key of the utility model is to determine shape and its position in regulation ring (7) for adjusting sliding slot (7a).Root
According to the operation principle of the adjustment structure (3) shown in Fig. 5, the width for adjusting sliding slot (7a) is not less than the diameter of finger (8), to ensure
Finger (8) has enough gaps when being moved in adjusting sliding slot (7a), will not be stuck.The centrode for adjusting sliding slot (7a) then leads to
Motion track that finger (8) formed when being rotated around pin (9) relative to regulation ring (7) is crossed to determine.As shown in fig. 6, this
One track can by the variable quantity of nozzle vane (6) established angle, the angle that regulation ring (7) rotates, pin (9) centre-to-centre spacing steam turbine
Centre-to-centre spacing between the distance and finger (8) and pin (9) in axle center determines that circular is as follows:
In Fig. 6, A and C represent adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2) centre bit of finger (8) and pin (9) in maximum opening respectively
Put.Rc is the distance between pin (9) center and steam turbine axle center, L between finger (8) center and pin (9) center away from
It is adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2) in maximum opening from, β 0, the line of centres and tangent to periphery direction shape of finger (8) and pin (9)
Into angle.When adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2) by maximum opening go to it is a certain compared with small guide vane when, the center of finger (8) and pin (9)
Position moves to A' and C' in Fig. 6 respectively.γ is that the established angle of nozzle vane (6) is opened compared to maximum under this aperture state
Reduction amount when spending, since A'C' lines illustrate blade installation direction in Fig. 6, γ=β 0- β in figure.α is opened for this
The angle that is turned over when regulation ring (7) is compared to maximum opening when spending, R is at this time between finger (8) center and steam turbine axle center
Distance, φ by finger (8) center compared to maximum opening when the angle that turns over.When γ values determine, because α and γ is linear
Relation, then α values also determine, R and φ values can by more than two formulas be calculated.From the maximum opening of adjustable nozzle leaf grating (2) extremely
Minimum aperture, for each definite γ value, can all calculate corresponding R and φ values, thus obtain with turbine shaft
The heart is the correspondence of R=f (φ) under the polar coordinate system of origin, is the movement that finger (8) is formed relative to regulation ring (7)
Track, so that it is determined that the centrode of adjusting sliding slot (7a).
Case is embodied:
Certain radial inflow back pressure turbine, design steam flow are 23 t/h, 2.35 MPa of admission pressure, intake air temperature 400
DEG C, 0.6 MPa of pressure at expulsion, delivery temperature is about 265 DEG C.The nozzle of steam turbine number of blade is 17, and impeller blade number is 13, impeller
30000 rpm of rotating speed, nozzle vane is about 24 ° relative to the tangential established angle of circumference under design point.
To ensure that the range of flow of steam turbine meets actual demand, using adjustable nozzle assembly described in the utility model.
Nozzle setting angle under design point is set as 0 °, and nozzle nozzle vane is reduced relative to the tangentially mounted angle of circumference
(i.e. aperture reduces) is defined as the positive direction of angle adjustment in direction.Limited in view of the diameter of steam turbine spiral case and impeller, nozzle
The adjusting section of setting angle is set as -2 ° (maximum openings) to+6 ° (minimum apertures), and totally 8 ° of adjustable ranges, are so being designed
Nozzle vane aperture, which can reduce, under state can also continue to increase, and steam turbine flow is adjusted as needed.Adjust
The adjusting sliding slot quantity of ring is identical with nozzle vane number, its rotational angle range is set as 16 °, that is, keeps and nozzle setting angle
Variable quantity 1:2 linear relationship.Pin center is located at away from about 30% chord length of nozzle vane leading edge, and finger is away from nozzle vane trailing edge
About 30% chord length.
According to the calculating to Design of Steam Turbine point, under design discharge (23 t/h), steam turbine output power is about 2027
KW, efficiency reach 90.7%.By adjustable nozzle assembly, when changing nozzle established angle to maximum opening (- 2 °), by again right
The calculating of steam turbine, obtains steam turbine flow at this time and reaches 26.4 t/h (the 115% of design discharge), and power is 2207 kW, effect
Rate is 89.4%.When nozzle established angle is adjusted to+6 ° under minimum aperture, steam turbine flow is then down to 11.0 t/h, and power is
906 kW, efficiency 84.1%.Can be obtained by the calculating respectively to each nozzle setting angle, from -2 ° to+6 °, steam turbine from
The change changed substantially with nozzle setting angle of maximum stream flow to minimum discharge keeps linear relationship.When steam turbine flow is down to
11.0 t/h, i.e. design discharge 48% when, remain to keep 84.1% overall operation efficiency.In this way, by of the present invention
Adjustable nozzle assembly, in the case where inlet air conditions are constant, which can make stream by varying nozzle established angle
Amount be higher than design point, can also be down to 50% of design discharge or so, and operational efficiency is minimum only declines 6% or so, still with higher
Efficiency.This range of flow has substantially met the requirement that downstream production process fluctuates steam consumption, and is protected in full flow scope
Steam turbine Effec-tive Function is held, is avoided because being throttled using air inlet adjustment valve, causing steam turbine, whole efficiency is drastically under small flow
The situation of reduction, makes centripetal steam turbine produce good economic benefit in actual operation.
The utility model is exemplarily described above in association with attached drawing, it is clear that the specific implementation of the utility model is not
Limited by aforesaid way, as long as employing changing for the various unsubstantialities of the design and technical solution progress of the utility model
Into, or it is not improved the design of the utility model and technical solution are directly applied into other occasions, in the utility model
Protection domain within.