A kind of measurement apparatus that can be applied to 3D bend glass surface testings
Technical field
The utility model belongs to technical field of optical precision measurement, more particularly to one kind can be applied to 3D bend glasses face shape
The measurement apparatus of detection.
Background technology
Samsung mobile phone takes the lead in substituting traditional metal chassis using mobile phone glass bonnet, wherein 3D bend glasses cover plate into
For a spotlight, the profile and outstanding feel of its high face value rapidly become the new lover of consumer, and are increasingly becoming domestic manufacturers
The focus competitively chased, turn into trend of the market, the brand manufacturers such as Huawei, millet, OPPO, vivo, LeEco has also all adopted at present
With glass cover-plate technique.
3D bend glasses are mainly used in the protecting screen and bonnet of smart terminal product, and traditional 2D or 2.5D glass phase
There is frivolous, transparent cleaning, anti-fingerprint, anti-dazzle than, 3D bend glasses, its appearance property is more novel, superior.
In terms of thermal diffusivity, glossiness and wearability advantageously, meanwhile, the design of bending and the radian of palm coordinate, and more conform to people
The requirement of body engineering science, outstanding touch-control feel can be brought.Sustainable growth and electronics with smart terminal product markets
Consumption market is aesthetic to product appearance, the change of touch-control feel demand, and 3D bend glasses have the boundless market space.
The surface topography of 3D glass is measured exactly, particularly the measurement of 3D glass edges arc (R angles), not only
The change of 3D glass and defect in process can be correctly identified, is easy to control and improve processing method, and for studying table
The relation of face geometrical property and performance, significance is suffered from for the quality and properties of product for improving finished surface.Mesh
Before, for the detection of clear glass, detection method is few, and existing contact measurement method measuring speed is slow, easily scratches measurement
Surface, the distortion of data can be caused to the face shape part of complexity.The method of contactless minute surface detection mainly has profile measurement
Method, interferometer measurement method, the methods of three-dimensional coordinates measurement method, but there is the limitation of its own in these three methods.Profile is surveyed
There is the shortcomings of sampling density is low, and the detection used time is longer in amount method, it is impossible to meet engineering detecting demand;Interferometer measurement method, it is necessary to
Measured on one piece of reference mirror not less than tested component size, and the difficulty of processing of this high-precision reference mirror is big, system
This height is caused, while needs to design corresponding compensating element, and dynamic range is small;Three-dimensional coordinates measurement method precision is relatively low, during measurement
Between it is relatively long, be typically only used for rough detection-phase, measurement accuracy is limited.
Utility model content
The utility model purpose is the deficiency present in existing 3D glass detection technique, there is provided one kind can be applied
In the technical scheme of the measurement apparatus of 3D bend glass surface testings, its general principle is to utilize LCD projective structure light, is passed through
CCD camera is shot to 3D glass to be measured, the modulation image that structure light is formed after object under test surface is reflected;Then pass through
Digital image correlation, phase unwrapping algorithm, the phase diagram of modulation image is obtained, and find out the pixel coordinate and camera of screen
Pixel coordinate one-to-one relationship;The parameter of combining camera demarcation, by the distribution that the distribution shifts of phase are position coordinates, and will
Phase calibration information is corresponding with spatial positional information;Light three-dimensional deviation art technology is finally utilized, establishes phase change amount with treating
The slope distribution of the face shape gradient information of object, i.e. X and Y-direction is surveyed, 3 d shape can be realized along slope direction iterated integral
Reconstruction.The method is widely used and simple in construction, has that cost is cheap, and easily operated, measurement dynamic range is big, and measurement is accurate
The advantages that degree height and strong antijamming capability.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of measurement apparatus that can be applied to 3D bend glass surface testings, it is characterised in that:Including casing, liquid crystal LCD
The left camera of indicator screen, CCD, the right cameras of CCD, supporting mechanism and two-dimentional self-powered platform, the left cameras of CCD and the right cameras of CCD
Horizontal guide and vertical guide rod, the inner side of casing are included in the inside of casing, supporting mechanism by supporting mechanism mobile link
The first location-plate is provided with face, vertical guide rod is fixedly connected on the first location-plate by the first triangle joint block, and level is led
The both ends of bar connect vertical guide rod by rectangle contiguous block, and the left cameras of CCD and the equal mobile link of the right cameras of CCD are in horizontal guide
On, two-dimentional self-powered platform is located at the lower section of the left cameras of CCD and the right cameras of CCD and is fixedly connected on the bottom surface of casing, two dimension
Clamping has 3D bend glasses on self-powered platform;The structural light measurement device light source is by liquid crystal LCD display screen projective structure
Light, and be used as area source, it is radiated on 3D bend glasses at a certain angle, 3D bend glasses be placed on one can lift two
Tie up on self-powered platform, different visual angle adjusted to facilitate, two CCD cameras are mutually angled, by adjust CCD camera and
The position of workbench, structure light as much as possible is shown on tested 3D glass, and obtained by CCD camera.
Further, liquid crystal LCD display screen tilt be embedded on the medial surface of casing, liquid crystal LCD display screen with
Certain angle tilts, and this design method can not only reduce the space occupancy rate to casing, and inclined polishing mode, more
Be advantageous to project structured light to 3D glass edges, be easy to the measurement to edge R angles.
Further, horizontal guide is mutually perpendicular to vertical guide rod, can neatly front and rear regulation, it is convenient by the left cameras of CCD
With the right camera adjustments of CCD to suitable position, structured light projection as much as possible, while can to measured object surface when taking pictures for guarantee
To reduce the error of measurement, measurement accuracy is improved.
Further, the left cameras of CCD and the right cameras of CCD include the second triangle joint block and CCD camera, the second triangle joint
Positioning hole is provided with block, positioning hole matches with horizontal guide, is provided with supporting plate on the second triangle joint block, in supporting plate
Be vertically connected with limiting plate, CCD camera clamping on limiting plate, CCD camera can in the presence of the second triangle joint block edge
Horizontal guide movement, the 3D bend glasses at diverse location and visual angle can be taken pictures, easy to use and flexible.
Further, two-dimentional self-powered platform includes workbench and base, and height is provided with the bottom surface of workbench and is adjusted
Mechanism is saved, is provided with and is parallel to each other and first support and second support arranged in a crossed manner between workbench and base, first
Frame is located at the inner side of second support, by connecting axis connection at the center of two first supports and two second supports, two
It is fixedly connected between the bottom surface of one support between the bottom surface of two second supports by upper junction plate, two first supports
It is fixedly connected between top surface between the top surface of two second supports by lower connecting plate, passes through first support and second support
Design, improve stability of the workbench during moving up and down, upper junction plate and lower connecting plate not only increase
The intensity that one support connects with second support, prevents and rocks, and reduces impact of the workbench during decline
Power.
Further, height adjustment mechanism includes handle and clamp nut, and handle connects the second location-plate by clamp nut,
Second location-plate is fixedly connected on the lower section of workbench, by rotational handle can adjustment work platform height and position, and
It can be positioned by trip bolt.
The measurement apparatus is a kind of test system that can be tested high reflecting mirror surface, has simple in construction, dynamic
The advantages that scope is big, accuracy of measurement is high, detection speed is fast, strong anti-interference performance, and cost is low, easily operated.
A kind of measuring method for the measurement apparatus that can be applied to 3D bend glass surface testings described above, it is characterised in that
Comprise the following steps:
1) digital phase-shifting technique method
In the measurement apparatus, projecting structural optical in lcd screen, sample surface is irradiated to, is reflected into through mirror to be measured
Deforming stripe light intensity after camera imaging is described by following equation:
Wherein, a (x, y) is background luminous intensity;B (x, y) is Modulation and Amplitude Modulation;To need the phase distribution asked;I
(x, y) is the light intensity that CCD camera detects;δ (t) is the additional phase shift changed over time, and the phase difference of adjacent phase shift figure isThe image collected is designated as I respectively1,I2,……In.Pass through phaseValue can be in the hope of CCD camera pixel
Corresponding LCD display pixel, according to least square method, the actual image I for collecting every widthpnWith other ideal images
InBetween poor quadratic sum minimalization
Its phase to be measured is:
2) phase unwrapping
For the phase unwrapping of the one-dimensional space, the process of Phase- un- wrapping is in the calculation to wrapped phase plus the whole of 2 π
Several times, its process determine the translation function p (i) of unknown 2 π integral multiples, when the interference pattern of record meets Nyquist criterion,
Each fringe period at least two pixels, the specific recursion of unpacking are carried out by following equation:
Unpacking process is whole to calculate to enter from inside to outside since wavefront is close to some position at interference pattern center
OK, therefore P is setstart=0;
3) waveform recovers to model with object dimensional, finally restores measured piece surface face graphic data through resolving
For phase shifting method, by the phase information of each sample point in surface, streak reflex method is passed through according to system geometrical relationship
General principle obtains the slope information of each point, passes through 3 d shape Integration reconstructions Process on Surface gradient [p (x, y), q (x, y)]
Integrated, the face shape information of optical surface can be obtained, in the ideal case, trapezoidal integration is carried out to corrugated,
Z=∫ (gxdx+gydy) (5)
The 3D faces shape of glass surface can be recovered with iteration repeatedly by integrating.
The utility model is by adopting the above-described technical solution, have the advantages that:
1st, the measurement apparatus employs the display of projective structure light as area source, and 2 CCD cameras and some are auxiliary
Profile device is helped to form, hardware price is cheap, and measurement process is convenient, has stronger practicality and versatility;
2nd, the measurement apparatus is simple in construction, is easy to industrialization, measurement accuracy is high, is applicable not only to the survey of 3D bend glasses
Amount, and the specular material for having high reflection characteristic can be measured;
3rd, the measuring process of the measuring method is simple, easily operated, has measurement accuracy high, measurement dynamic range is greatly and anti-
The advantages that interference performance is strong.
Brief description of the drawings
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of design sketch for the measurement apparatus that can be applied to 3D bend glass surface testings of the utility model;
Fig. 2 is internal structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing at I in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the left cameras of CCD and the right cameras of CCD in the utility model;
Fig. 5 is Fig. 4 front view;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of two-dimentional self-powered platform in the utility model;
Fig. 7 is the measurement procedure figure of the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 8 is the intensity map of the utility model measurement result;
Fig. 9 is the curvature chart of the utility model measurement result;
Figure 10 is the face shape graphics of the utility model measurement result;
Figure 11 is the 2D profiles of the utility model measurement result;
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram that double camera restores measurement in the utility model.
In figure:1- casings;2- liquid crystal LCD display screens;The left cameras of 3-CCD;The right cameras of 4-CCD;5- supporting mechanisms;6-
Two-dimentional self-powered platform;7-3D bend glasses;8- horizontal guides;The vertical guide rods of 9-;10- rectangle contiguous blocks;The triangles of 11- first connect
Connect block;The location-plates of 12- first;13- the second triangle joint blocks;14- supporting plates;15-CCD cameras;16- limiting plates;17- is positioned
Hole;18- workbenches;19- bases;20- first supports;21- second supports;22- upper junction plates;23- lower connecting plates;24- connects
Spindle;The location-plates of 25- second;26- handles;27- clamp nuts.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 to 11, it is a kind of measurement apparatus that can be applied to 3D bend glass surface testings of the utility model,
Including casing 1, liquid crystal LCD display screen 2, the left cameras 3 of CCD, the right cameras 4 of CCD, supporting mechanism 5 and two-dimentional self-powered platform
6, liquid crystal LCD display screen 2 is tilted and is embedded on the medial surface of casing 1, and liquid crystal LCD display screen 2 inclines at a certain angle
Tiltedly, this design method can not only reduce the space occupancy rate to casing 1, and inclined polishing mode, be more beneficial for tying
Structure light projection is easy to the measurement to edge R angles to 3D glass edges.
The left cameras 3 of CCD and the right cameras 4 of CCD are by the mobile link of supporting mechanism 5 in the inside of casing 1, supporting mechanism 5
Including horizontal guide 8 and vertical guide rod 9, horizontal guide 8 is mutually perpendicular to vertical guide rod 9, can neatly front and rear regulation, it is convenient
The left cameras 3 of CCD and the right cameras 4 of CCD are adjusted into suitable position, structured light projection as much as possible is to being tested when guarantee is taken pictures
Thing surface, while the error of measurement can be reduced, measurement accuracy is improved, the first location-plate 12 is provided with the medial surface of casing 1,
Vertical guide rod 9 is fixedly connected on the first location-plate 12 by the first triangle joint block 11, and the both ends of horizontal guide 8 pass through square
Shape contiguous block 10 connects vertical guide rod 9, and the left cameras 3 of CCD and the right 4 equal mobile links of camera of CCD are in horizontal guide 8, the left phases of CCD
Machine 3 and the right cameras 4 of CCD include the second triangle joint block 13 and CCD camera 15, and positioning is provided with the second triangle joint block 13
Hole 17, positioning hole 17 match with horizontal guide 8, and supporting plate 14 is provided with the second triangle joint block 13, is hung down in supporting plate 14
Direct-connected to be connected to limiting plate 16, for the clamping of CCD camera 15 on limiting plate 16, CCD camera 15 can be in the second triangle joint block 13
Effect lower edge horizontal guide 8 and moved, and the 3D bend glasses 7 at diverse location and visual angle can be taken pictures, spirit easy to use
It is living.
Two-dimentional self-powered platform 6 is located at the lower section of the left cameras 3 of CCD and the right cameras 4 of CCD and is fixedly connected on the bottom of casing 1
On face, clamping has 3D bend glasses 7 on two-dimentional self-powered platform 6, and two-dimentional self-powered platform 6 includes workbench 18 and base
19, height adjustment mechanism is provided with the bottom surface of workbench 18, is provided with and is parallel to each other between workbench 18 and base 19
And first support 20 and second support 21 arranged in a crossed manner, first support 20 are located at the inner side of second support 21, two first
Connected at the center of frame 20 and two second supports 21 by connecting shaft 24, between the bottom surface of two first supports 20 and two the
It is fixedly connected between the bottom surface of two supports 21 by upper junction plate 22, between the top surface of two first supports 20 and two second
It is fixedly connected by lower connecting plate 23 between the top surface of support 21, by the design of first support 20 and second support 21, is carried
High stability of the workbench 18 during moving up and down, upper junction plate 22 and lower connecting plate 23 not only increase first
The intensity that frame 20 and second support 21 connect, prevents and rocks, and reduce the rushing during decline of workbench 18
Power is hit, height adjustment mechanism includes handle 26 and clamp nut 27, and handle 26 connects the second location-plate 25 by clamp nut 27,
Second location-plate 25 is fixedly connected on the lower section of workbench 18, by rotational handle 26 can adjustment work platform 18 height
Position, and can be positioned by trip bolt;The structural light measurement device light source is projected by liquid crystal LCD display screen 2
Structure light, and area source is used as, it is radiated on 3D bend glasses 7 at a certain angle, and 3D bend glasses 7 are placed on one and can risen
On the two-dimentional self-powered platform 6 of drop, by two mutual angled CCD cameras 15, CCD camera 15 and work are adjusted respectively
The angle of platform, with different position and visual angle, make structure light radiation as much as possible on 3D glass.
The measurement apparatus is a kind of test system that can be tested high reflecting mirror surface, has simple in construction, dynamic
The advantages that scope is big, accuracy of measurement is high, detection speed is fast, strong anti-interference performance, and cost is low, easily operated.
A kind of measuring method for the measurement apparatus that can be applied to 3D bend glass surface testings described above, including following step
Suddenly:
1) digital phase-shifting technique method
In the measurement apparatus, projecting structural optical in lcd screen, sample surface is irradiated to, is reflected into through mirror to be measured
Deforming stripe light intensity after camera imaging is described by following equation:
Wherein, a (x, y) is background luminous intensity;B (x, y) is Modulation and Amplitude Modulation;To need the phase distribution asked;I
(x, y) is the light intensity that CCD camera 15 detects;δ (t) is the additional phase shift changed over time, and the phase difference of adjacent phase shift figure isThe image collected is designated as I respectively1,I2,……In.Pass through phaseValue can be in the hope of the pixel of CCD camera 15
LCD display pixel corresponding to point, according to least square method, the actual image I for collecting every widthpnWith other ideographs
As InBetween poor quadratic sum minimalization
Its phase to be measured is:
2) phase unwrapping
For the phase unwrapping of the one-dimensional space, the process of Phase- un- wrapping is in the calculation to wrapped phase plus the whole of 2 π
Several times, its process determine the translation function p (i) of unknown 2 π integral multiples, when the interference pattern of record meets Nyquist criterion,
Each fringe period at least two pixels, the specific recursion of unpacking are carried out by following equation:
Unpacking process is whole to calculate to enter from inside to outside since wavefront is close to some position at interference pattern center
OK, therefore P is setstart=0;
3) waveform recovers to model with object dimensional, finally restores measured piece surface face graphic data through resolving
For phase shifting method, by the phase information of each sample point in surface, streak reflex method is passed through according to system geometrical relationship
General principle obtains the slope information of each point, passes through 3 d shape Integration reconstructions Process on Surface gradient [p (x, y), q (x, y)]
Integrated, the face shape information of optical surface can be obtained, in the ideal case, trapezoidal integration is carried out to corrugated,
Z=∫ (gxdx+gydy) (5)
The 3D faces shape of glass surface can be recovered with iteration repeatedly by integrating.
The measuring method is according to photocentre of the normal of minute surface sample point (or perhaps x, y to slope) with aperture camera
Functional relation between coordinate, the screen pixels point coordinates for lighting measured lens surface sample point and minute surface sample point coordinate, is again assumed that
Precognition face shape provides a preferable initial value, finally tries to achieve the slope and face shape of tested minute surface according to functional relation iteration,
Functional relation between them is represented with equation below (6):
Wherein, xmAnd ymIt is the coordinate on surface to be measured, can be obtained from the dimensional measurement of measurement apparatus;xcameraAnd ycamera
It is the coordinate of CCD camera 15, can be obtained from the dimensional measurement of measurement apparatus;xscreenAnd yscreenIt is LCD display screen bright spot
Coordinate, can be calculated by digital image correlation and phase-unwrapping algorithm;zm2screenAnd zm2cameraIt is speculum and screen respectively
Z coordinate difference between curtain, speculum and CCD camera 15;dm2screenAnd dm2cameraIt is speculum and screen, speculum respectively
The distance between CCD camera 15;zm2screen、zm2cameraAnd dm2cameraIt can be obtained from dimensional measurement and demarcation.
In formula (6), due to slope wx(xm,ym)、wy(xm,ym) it is surface face shape w (xm,ym) function, therefore counting
Need to provide a preferable initial value when calculating slope, can generally use a preferable surface face shape or other measurement sides
Method obtains face shape to provide a preferable primary face shape valuation, is designated as w0(xm,ym), by w0(xm,ym) replace in formula (6)
w(xm,ym) (x can be obtainedm,ym) place x, y is to slope data, then the face shape w that will be calculated by slope1(xm,ym) replace
W (x in formula (6)m,ym), and then another group of slope is obtained, by that analogy, pass through slope calculations and the face shape of iterating.On
It is the method restored using one camera to state formula, but this measurement apparatus is using the measuring method of left and right double camera, two
One camera iterates to calculate slope and face shape by the above method respectively, the technology then merged by picture, successive ignition until
Export entire surface shape.The scheme advantage that this list-double camera is combined is that visual field can be increased, that is, adds measurement range, and
And more complicated face shape can be measured.
For the measurement of 3 d shape, the measuring method restored using one camera, it is necessary first to a precognition face shape is determined,
If precognition face shape and tested surface shape difference are larger, program convergence can be caused slowly, precision and the speed of service can be a greater impact,
Calibration process is higher to geometric calibration required precision simultaneously, and the measurement accuracy of the reference planes of selection can directly affect final
Measurement result.
The measuring method restored using double camera, measurement visual field is small, and its effective coverage measured is the public affairs of two viewing field of camera
Intersecting area altogether, and because it is directly scanned to entire surface shape, data volume is big, and program operation speed is slow, it is impossible to multiple
Beans flour noodle shape measures recovery.Double camera solid deviation art is simply introduced below, as shown in figure 12.
Double camera measuring principle:Measured respectively using double camera, each pixel of camera is obtained after measurement and corresponds to incident ray
The particular location of direction and observation station on screen.However, for single camera, cause because height is uncertain true
The normal vector of reflecting surface can not determine, but can calculate normal vector corresponding to different height, the measuring method of two cameras
It is also based on this principle.Only in the plane of true altitude, the two normal vectors could overlap, by measuring different pixels point
Corresponding incident ray direction, it can obtain the normal vector distribution in plane, you can obtain body surface slope distribution.
The problem of existing for such scheme, this programme propose the list based on binocular vision and digital image correlation-bis-
The method that camera is combined.The elevation information of 20 points of intersecting area is gathered first with double camera, is then fitted to one
Primary face shape, as the reference plane of tested surface shape, then the primary face shape input as one camera, it is straight to enter line slope iterative calculation
To the 3 d shape information of output measured piece, such program operation speed greatly improves.
The advantage for the method being combined using list-double camera:1st, it is big to measure visual field;2nd, arithmetic speed greatly improves;3rd, it is right
The calibration request of hardware substantially reduces;4th, the face shape of complexity can be measured.
Operation principle of the present utility model is as follows:
1) area source use, and projective structure light are served as using 32 cun of high brightness LCD screen display;
2) structure light of area source projection, is radiated on 3D bend glasses, 3D bend glasses are placed on can at an angle
On the two-dimentional self-powered platform of lifting, after area source is irradiated to testee, in two CCD phases after testee surface is reflected
It is imaged on machine, by adjusting workbench height, further adjusts the position of 3D glass and the position of CCD camera, left and right camera
Install at an angle respectively, by adjusting the position of CCD camera and workbench, make structure light as much as possible in tested 3D
Show on glass, and obtained by CCD camera;
3) modulation image that structure light is formed after object under test surface is reflected, then passes through digital image correlation, phase
Unwrapping algorithm, the phase diagram of modulation image is obtained, and the pixel coordinate for the pixel coordinate and camera for finding out screen corresponds
Relation;The parameter of combining camera demarcation, by the distribution that the distribution shifts of phase are position coordinates, and by phase calibration information with it is empty
Between positional information it is corresponding;Light three-dimensional deviation art technology is finally utilized, establishes phase change amount and the face shape gradient of object under test
Information.
4) restored method being combined using list-double camera, can by known gradient information along slope direction iterated integral
To carry out Surface reconstruction, so as to recover to the face shape of 3D glass.
Specific embodiment of the utility model is these are only, but the technical characteristics of the utility model is not limited thereto.Appoint
How based on the utility model, to realize essentially identical technique effect, made ground simple change, equivalent substitution or repair
Decorations etc., are all covered by among the scope of protection of the utility model.