CN206752553U - A kind of working ship for submerged tunnel - Google Patents
A kind of working ship for submerged tunnel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN206752553U CN206752553U CN201720064275.0U CN201720064275U CN206752553U CN 206752553 U CN206752553 U CN 206752553U CN 201720064275 U CN201720064275 U CN 201720064275U CN 206752553 U CN206752553 U CN 206752553U
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- working ship
- tunnel
- ground
- chain
- chain knife
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model proposes a kind of working ship for submerged tunnel, its working ship is made up of back segment, interlude and leading portion, and the top of working ship is higher than the water surface；Back segment is both working ship and tunnel hermetic seal section and filling concrete section, prevent water from entering interlude from tunnel and back seam during sealing, make concrete identical with tunnel tube coupling section full of the space between tunnel floor and biside plate and ground, the section of tail end opening；Interlude is constructing tunnel section, carries out tube coupling construction in the rear accommodation of interlude, completes the connection with original tube coupling of having constructed, the front portion of interlude is provided with thrustor；Leading portion is to excavate ground section.Advantage：Earthwork excavated volume is small, easy for construction because working ship leading portion excavates ground in the U-shaped cabin of semi-open-type, because the both walls in U-shaped cabin are to the support action of foundation ditch, so earthwork excavated volume is small；Quick construction, safety, all constructing operations are all completed in working ship.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of working ship for submerged tunnel, belongs to civil engineering foundation construction technical field.
Background technology
The construction of existing submerged tunnel typically uses shield method and immersed tunnelling method, and influence during shield construction to the water surface is small,
But development machine cost is high, long construction period；Immersed tunnelling method requires higher to execution conditions, suitable for water channel stabilization of river bed, current
Waters that can not be too urgent, and earthwork excavated volume is big.
The content of the invention
Proposed by the present invention is a kind of working ship for submerged tunnel, and its purpose is intended to overcome existing for prior art and lacked
Fall into, it is easy for construction because working ship leading portion excavates ground in the U-shaped cabin of semi-open-type, because the both walls in U-shaped cabin are to foundation ditch
Support action, earthwork excavated volume is small；Interlude carries estimating device, and working ship walking is convenient, and it is quick to excavate ground.
Technical scheme：Working ship is made up of back segment, interlude and leading portion, and the top of working ship is higher than the water surface；
Back segment is both working ship and tunnel hermetic seal section and filling concrete section, prevents water from entering from tunnel and back seam during sealing
Enter interlude, make concrete full of the space between tunnel floor and biside plate and ground, section and the tunnel tube coupling of tail end opening
Section is identical；Interlude is constructing tunnel section, carries out tube coupling construction in the rear accommodation of interlude, completes and original pipe of having constructed
The connection of section, the front portion of interlude are provided with thrustor；Leading portion is to excavate ground section；
Leading portion is made up of U-shaped cabin and excavating gear, and U-shaped cabin is made up of both walls and bottom plate, i.e., the front portion and top in U-shaped cabin
It is open, the both walls in U-shaped cabin and the front end of bottom plate are equipped with the track that chain knife is run, and chain knife is additionally provided with both walls and bottom plate
The track of operation；Excavating gear is made up of transmission device and chain knife, and transmission device is made up of drive device and sprocket wheel, and chain knife is by chain
Bar and the cutter composition being fixed on chain；Drive device drive chain knife during construction, chain knife are run along track, U-shaped cabin front end
Chain knife on track only excavates the ground in front of biside plate and bottom plate, and the chain knife that both sides front edge of board excavates ground is run from the bottom up
When the ground excavated is brought to top, the ground band that the chain knife that ground is excavated in bottom plate front end will excavate when running from front to back
Sent out to rear or through ground conveyer；
Leading portion forms by biside plate and positioned at the excavating gear of both sides front edge of board, i.e., leading portion front portion and be open up and down,
The front end of biside plate is provided with the track of chain knife operation, and biside plate is additionally provided with the track of chain knife operation；Excavating gear is by transmission device
Formed with chain knife, transmission device is made up of drive device and sprocket wheel, and chain knife is made up of chain and the cutter being fixed on chain；Apply
Man-hour drive device drive chain knife, chain knife are run along track, and the chain knife on front-end track only excavates the ground in front of both walls,
The ground excavated is brought to top when chain knife is run from the bottom up；
Working ship is provided with some walking tracks, and being run on track of walking has crane and excavator, and excavator only excavates two
Ground in side plate；
The rear portion of leading portion is provided with the tunnel basis processing section without bottom plate；
Hermetic seal section only carries out hermetic seal when carrying out tube coupling construction；
Construction method comprises the following steps：
1）Active well is built in water at the scene, handles basis well；
2）Working ship sinks down into set depth, segment trailer opening has one after working ship to job site in active well
Movable sealing stop cover, the front end of movable sealing stop cover put in the afterbody of interlude；
3）The first tube coupling is installed in interlude, the tail end of the first tube coupling and the front end of movable sealing stop cover is connected connected
Integrally；
4）The front end of the tube coupling of thrustor pushing tow first, the tail end of movable sealing stop cover gradually skid off the tail of working ship
Portion, working ship are run forward；
5）Excavating gear excavates the ground in front, and excavator excavates the ground in both walls；
6）Concrete is filled movable sealing and only covered by the device for casting at working ship rear portion（Containing the first tube coupling）Both sides and bottom
Space between ground；
7）After the front end pushing tow of first tube coupling to the setpoint distance of middle segment trailer, jacking mechanism is retracted, and puts down the second pipe
Section, the front end of the tail end of the second tube coupling and the first tube coupling is connected as a body；
8）Driving section continues to excavate the ground in front, the front end of the tube coupling of thrustor pushing tow second, and working ship continues forward
Motion；
9）Above-mentioned action is repeated, completes the construction of whole tube couplings.
Advantages of the present invention：Earthwork excavated volume is small, because working ship leading portion excavates ground in the U-shaped cabin of semi-open-type,
It is easy for construction, because the both walls in U-shaped cabin are to the support action of foundation ditch, so earthwork excavated volume is small；Quick construction, safety, institute
There is constructing operation all to be completed in working ship.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the excavating gear 4 of submerged tunnel working ship leading portion 3 excavates anterior ground, the thrustor 2- of interlude 2
1 ejection tube coupling 6, the structural representation that working ship is run forward, and the leading portion 3A's being made up of U-shaped cabin 3-1 and excavating gear 4
Structural representation, and the back segment 1 of working ship, it is both working ship and tunnel hermetic seal section and the structure of filling concrete section
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 A direction views, and the knot by drive device 4-1-1 and sprocket wheel 4-1-2 the transmission device 4-1 formed
Structure formula schematic diagram, and in leading portion 3 chain knife 6 run track 3-3 structural representation；
Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 B direction views, and the structural representation of excavating gear 4 that transmission device 4-1 and chain knife 5 form；
Fig. 4 is Fig. 2 C-C views, and has track 7-1 above U-shaped cabin 3-1 both walls, has fortune on track 7-1
Capable excavator 7 and the structural representation of crane 8；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of chain knife 5, and chain 5-1 and cutter 5-2 structural representation, and by A crossed joints
The structural representation of the chain 5-1 of 5-1-1 and B crossed joints 5-1-2 compositions crossed joint；And chain 5-1 realizes curvature of space
Structural representation be chain knife 5 structural representation,（a）It is chain 5-1 and cutter 5-2 structural representation, and by A crosses
Save the structural representation of the chain 5-1 of 5-1-1 and B crossed joints 5-1-2 compositions crossed joint；And chain 5-1 realizes that space is curved
Bent structural representation.（b）It is the structural representation that chain knife 5 is made up of flexible-belt 5-1B and cutter 5-2B；And flexible-belt 5-
1B and cutter 5-2B structural representation；
Fig. 6 is structural representation of the tunnel top on the bottom, and by both walls 3-2 and positioned at both walls front end
The structural representation for the leading portion 3B that excavating gear 4 forms, and the device for casting 11 being made up of nozzle 11-1 at working ship rear portion
Structural representation, and the structural representation of tunnel basis processing section 9；
Fig. 7 be working ship in active well 12, the afterbody opening of working ship back segment 1 has the knot of a movable sealing stop cover 10
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is Fig. 7 further work schematic diagram, and installs the first tube coupling 6 in interlude 2, makes the tail of the first tube coupling 6
Hold the structural representation for being connected with the front end of movable sealing stop cover 10 and being solidly fixed；
Fig. 9 is Fig. 8 further work schematic diagram, and the front end of the first tube coupling of thrustor 2-1 pushing tows 6, and activity is close
The tail end of sealing water cover 10 gradually skids off the afterbody of working ship, the structural representation that working ship is run forward, and excavating gear 4
The ground in front is excavated, excavator 7 excavates the structural representation of the ground in both walls, and the device for casting at working ship rear portion
Concrete is filled movable sealing by 11 only to be covered（Containing the first tube coupling）The structural representation in the space between both sides and bottom and ground；
Figure 10 is Fig. 9 further work schematic diagram, the front end pushing tow of the first tube coupling 6 in place after, jacking mechanism 2-1 contractings
Return, put down the second tube coupling 6, the structural representation that the front end of the tail end of the second tube coupling 6 and the first tube coupling 6 is connected as a body；
Figure 11 is Figure 10 further work schematic diagram, and the second tube coupling of thrustor 2-1 pushing tows 10 is in place, working ship
The structural representation to move forward；
Figure 12 is the structural representation of the chain knife track of groover, and the type of track includes A, B, C1, C2 and D totally 5
Kind, wherein A is plane, and B is convex, and C1, C2 are matrixs；
Figure 13 is that D staggers into tapered structural representation for the multiple rows of track in longitudinal direction；
Figure 14 is the D types track of groover and the structural representation of more row chain knives；
1 in figure is the back segment of working ship, is both working ship and tunnel hermetic seal section and filling concrete section；2 are
The interlude of working ship；2-1 is mounted in the anterior thrustor of interlude 2；3 be the leading portion of working ship, there is two kinds of 3A and 3B
Structure type；The leading portion that 3A is made up of U-shaped cabin 3-1 and excavating gear 4；3B is by both walls 3-2 and positioned at both walls front end
Excavating gear 4 form leading portion, i.e. leading portion 3B front portion and be open up and down；3-1 is the U-shaped cabin of leading portion 3；3-2 is leading portion 3
Both walls；3-3 is the track that chain knife 5 is run in leading portion 3；4 be the excavating gear of leading portion 3, by transmission device 4-1 and chain knife 5
Composition；4-1 is transmission device, is made up of drive device 4-1-1 and sprocket wheel 4-1-2；4-1-1 is transmission device 4-1 driving dress
Put；4-1-2 is transmission device 4-1 sprocket wheel；5 be the chain knife for forming excavating gear 4；5-1 is the chain for forming chain knife 5, including
Crawler belt, rope and flexible-belt；5-1-1 is the A crossed joints for the crossed joint for forming chain 5-1；5-1-2 is form chain 5-1 ten
The B crossed joints of byte；5-1B is the flexible-belt for forming chain knife 5；5-2 is integrally fixed at the cutter of the excavation ground on chain 5-1；
5-2B is integrally fixed at the cutter of the excavation ground on flexible-belt 5-1B；6 be tube coupling；7 be excavator；7-1 is in the upper of both walls
Side is provided with the track that excavator 7 is walked；8 be crane；9 be tunnel basis processing section；10 be the afterbody opening of working ship back segment 1
Movable sealing stop cover；11 be the device for casting at working ship rear portion；11-1 is the nozzle of device for casting 11；After 12 are working ship
The active well in portion.
Embodiment
A kind of working ship for submerged tunnel is made up of back segment, interlude and leading portion, and the top of working ship is higher than the water surface；
Back segment is both working ship and tunnel hermetic seal section and filling concrete section, prevents water from entering from tunnel and back seam during sealing
Enter interlude, make concrete full of the space between tunnel floor and biside plate and ground, section and the tunnel tube coupling of tail end opening
Section is identical；Interlude is constructing tunnel section, carries out tube coupling construction in the rear accommodation of interlude, completes and original pipe of having constructed
The connection of section, the front portion of interlude are provided with thrustor；Leading portion is to excavate ground section.
Described leading portion is made up of U-shaped cabin and excavating gear, and U-shaped cabin is made up of both walls and bottom plate, i.e., the front portion in U-shaped cabin
It is open with top, the both walls in U-shaped cabin and the front end of bottom plate are equipped with the track that chain knife is run, and are also set in both walls and bottom plate
There is the track that chain knife is run；Excavating gear is made up of transmission device and chain knife, and transmission device is made up of drive device and sprocket wheel, chain
Knife is made up of chain and the cutter being fixed on chain；Drive device drive chain knife during construction, chain knife is run along track, U-shaped
Chain knife on the front-end track of cabin only excavates the ground in front of biside plate and bottom plate, and both sides front edge of board excavates the chain knife of ground from lower past
The ground excavated is brought to top during upper operation, will have been excavated when the chain knife that ground is excavated in bottom plate front end is run from front to back
Ground is brought to rear or sent out through ground conveyer.
Described leading portion forms by biside plate and positioned at the excavating gear of both sides front edge of board, i.e., leading portion is anterior and equal up and down
Opening, the front end of biside plate are provided with the track of chain knife operation, and biside plate is additionally provided with the track of chain knife operation；Excavating gear is by being driven
Device and chain knife composition, transmission device are made up of drive device and sprocket wheel, and chain knife is by chain and the cutter group being fixed on chain
Into；Drive device drive chain knife during construction, chain knife are run along track, and the chain knife on front-end track is only excavated in front of both walls
Ground, the ground excavated is brought to top when chain knife is run from the bottom up.
Described working ship is provided with some walking tracks, and being run on track of walking has crane and excavator, and excavator is only
Excavate the ground in biside plate.(increase dredger in specification）
The rear portion of described leading portion is provided with the tunnel basis processing section without bottom plate.
Described hermetic seal section only carries out hermetic seal when carrying out tube coupling construction.
The center line of described chain knife is space curve.
Described chain knife is more row chain knives, and more row chain knives are arranged tapered in excavation surface.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As shown in figure 1, working ship is made up of back segment 1, interlude 2 and leading portion 3, the top of working ship is higher than the water surface；Back segment 1
It is both working ship and tunnel hermetic seal section and filling concrete section, in preventing that water from entering from tunnel and back seam during sealing
Between section 2, make concrete full of space between tunnel floor and biside plate and ground, section and the tunnel tube coupling section of tail end opening
It is identical；Interlude 2 is constructing tunnel section, carries out tube coupling construction in the rear accommodation of interlude, completes and original tube coupling of having constructed
Connection, the front portion of interlude is provided with thrustor 2-1；Leading portion 3 is to excavate ground section.
As shown in Fig. 2~Fig. 5, leading portion 3A is made up of U-shaped cabin 3-1 and excavating gear 4, and U-shaped cabin 3-1 is by both walls and bottom plate
Composition, i.e., U-shaped cabin 3-1 front portion and top are open, and U-shaped cabin 3-1 both walls and the front end of bottom plate are equipped with chain knife 5 and run
Track 3-3, the track 3-3 of the operation of chain knife 5 is additionally provided with both walls and bottom plate；Excavating gear 4 is by transmission device 4-1 and chain knife
5 compositions, transmission device 4-1 are made up of drive device 4-1-1 and sprocket wheel 4-1-2, and chain knife 5 is by chain 5-1 and is fixed on chain
Cutter 5-2 composition；Drive device 4-1-1 drive chain knives during construction, chain knife 5 are run along track 3-3, U-shaped cabin 3-1 front ends rail
Chain knife 5 on road only excavates the ground in front of biside plate and bottom plate, and the chain knife 5 that both sides front edge of board excavates ground is run from the bottom up
When the ground excavated is brought to top, the ground that the chain knife 5 that ground is excavated in bottom plate front end will excavate when running from front to back
Send out at band to rear.
As shown in figure 4, working ship is provided with some walking track 7-1, being run on walking track 7-1 has crane 8 and excavates
Machine 7, excavator 7 excavate the ground in biside plate, increase the ground in dredger excavation biside plate if necessary.
As shown in fig. 6, leading portion 3B forms by biside plate 3-2 and positioned at the excavating gear 4 of both sides front edge of board, i.e. leading portion 3B's
Anterior and be open up and down, biside plate 3-2 front end is provided with the track of chain knife operation, and biside plate 3-2 is additionally provided with the operation of chain knife 5
Track 3-3；Excavating gear 4 is made up of transmission device 4-1 and chain knife 5, and transmission device 4-1 is by drive device 4-1-1 and sprocket wheel 4-
1-2 is formed, and chain knife 5 is made up of chain 5-1 and the cutter 5-2 being fixed on chain；Drive device 4-1-1 drive chain knives during construction
5, chain knife 5 is run along track 3-3, and the chain knife 5 on front-end track 3-3 only excavates the ground in front of both walls, and chain knife 5 is from lower past
The ground excavated is brought to top during upper operation.
As shown in Fig. 7~Figure 11, the working ship construction method of submerged tunnel comprises the following steps：
1）Active well 12 is built in water at the scene, handles basis well；
2）Working ship sinks down into set depth, the afterbody opening of working ship back segment 1 has to job site in active well 12
One movable sealing stop cover 10, the front end of movable sealing stop cover 10 put in the afterbody of interlude 2；
3）First tube coupling 6 is installed in interlude 2, makes the tail end of the first tube coupling 6 and the front end phase of movable sealing stop cover 10
Fixed is connected；
4）The front end of the first tube coupling of thrustor 2-1 pushing tows 6, the tail end of movable sealing stop cover 10 gradually skid off working ship
Afterbody, working ship runs forward；
5）Excavating gear 4 excavates the ground in front, and excavator 7 excavates the ground in both walls；
6）Concrete is filled movable sealing and stops lid 10 by the device for casting 11 at working ship rear portion（Containing the first tube coupling）Both sides and
Space between bottom and ground；
7）After the front end pushing tow of first tube coupling 6 to the setpoint distance of the afterbody of interlude 2, jacking mechanism 2-1 retracts, and puts down the
Two tube couplings 6, the front end of the tail end of the second tube coupling 6 and the first tube coupling 6 is connected as a body；
8）Leading portion 3 continue excavate front ground, the front end of the second tube coupling of thrustor 2-1 pushing tows 6, working ship continue to
Preceding motion；
9）Above-mentioned action is repeated, completes the construction of whole tube couplings 6.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of working ship for submerged tunnel, it is characterized in that working ship is made up of back segment, interlude and leading portion, working ship
Top is higher than the water surface；Back segment is both working ship and tunnel hermetic seal section and filling concrete section, prevents water from tunnel during sealing
Road enters interlude with back seam, the space for making concrete be full of between tunnel floor and biside plate and ground, tail end opening
Section is identical with tunnel tube coupling section；Interlude is constructing tunnel section, carries out tube coupling construction in the rear accommodation of interlude, completes
With the connection of original tube coupling of having constructed, the front portion of interlude is provided with thrustor；Leading portion is to excavate ground section.
2. a kind of working ship for submerged tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described leading portion by U-shaped cabin and
Excavating gear is formed, and U-shaped cabin is made up of both walls and bottom plate, i.e., the front portion in U-shaped cabin and top are open, the both walls in U-shaped cabin
The track of chain knife operation is equipped with the front end of bottom plate, the track of chain knife operation is additionally provided with both walls and bottom plate；Excavating gear
It is made up of transmission device and chain knife, transmission device is made up of drive device and sprocket wheel, and chain knife is by chain and is fixed on chain
Cutter forms；Drive device drive chain knife during construction, chain knife are run along track, and the chain knife on U-shaped cabin front-end track only excavates
Ground in front of biside plate and bottom plate, the ground band that the chain knife that both sides front edge of board excavates ground will excavate when running from the bottom up
To top, the ground excavated is brought to rear or conveyed through ground when running from front to back by the chain knife that ground is excavated in bottom plate front end
Machine is sent out.
A kind of 3. working ship for submerged tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described leading portion is by biside plate
With positioned at both sides front edge of board excavating gear composition, i.e., leading portion front portion and be open up and down, the front end of biside plate is provided with chain knife
The track of operation, biside plate are additionally provided with the track of chain knife operation；Excavating gear is made up of transmission device and chain knife, transmission device by
Drive device and sprocket wheel composition, chain knife are made up of chain and the cutter being fixed on chain；Drive device drive chain knife during construction,
Chain knife is run along track, and the chain knife on front-end track only excavates the ground in front of both walls, will when chain knife is run from the bottom up
The ground excavated is brought to top.
A kind of 4. working ship for submerged tunnel according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterized in that described working ship is provided with
Some walking tracks, walk track on operation have crane and excavator, excavator only excavates the ground in biside plate.
A kind of 5. working ship for submerged tunnel according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterized in that the rear portion of described leading portion
Provided with the tunnel basis processing section without bottom plate.
A kind of 6. working ship for submerged tunnel according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterized in that described hermetic seal section
Only hermetic seal is carried out when carrying out tube coupling construction.
7. one kind according to claim 1 is used for submerged tunnel working ship, it is characterized in that described tunnel top is at the bottom
On or mud among.
8. one kind according to Claims 2 or 3 is used for submerged tunnel working ship, it is characterized in that the center line of described chain knife
It is space curve.
9. one kind according to Claims 2 or 3 is used for submerged tunnel working ship, it is characterized in that described chain knife is more row chains
Knife, more row chain knives are arranged tapered in excavation surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720064275.0U CN206752553U (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2017-01-18 | A kind of working ship for submerged tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720064275.0U CN206752553U (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2017-01-18 | A kind of working ship for submerged tunnel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN206752553U true CN206752553U (en) | 2017-12-15 |
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ID=60608198
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201720064275.0U Expired - Fee Related CN206752553U (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2017-01-18 | A kind of working ship for submerged tunnel |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN206752553U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106677242A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-17 | 王燏斌 | Engineering ship for underwater tunnel and construction method of engineering ship |
-
2017
- 2017-01-18 CN CN201720064275.0U patent/CN206752553U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106677242A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-17 | 王燏斌 | Engineering ship for underwater tunnel and construction method of engineering ship |
| WO2018133748A1 (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2018-07-26 | 王燏斌 | Construction ship for underwater tunnel and construction method therefor |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
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Granted publication date: 20171215 |