CN206710409U - The bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device of apple freshness - Google Patents
The bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device of apple freshness Download PDFInfo
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- CN206710409U CN206710409U CN201720354452.9U CN201720354452U CN206710409U CN 206710409 U CN206710409 U CN 206710409U CN 201720354452 U CN201720354452 U CN 201720354452U CN 206710409 U CN206710409 U CN 206710409U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device of apple freshness, includes the housing of tubulose, one end of tubular shell is air inlet, and the other end is provided with exhaust fan；Heater element and sensor display are sequentially disposed with housing from air inlet to exhaust fan direction；The sensor display is connected with power module and voltage supply/Voltage stabilizing module by interface circuit.The utility model selects metal oxide sensor array, and sensor response signal is acquired and analyzed by designing and establishing interface circuit；Characteristic information is pre-processed by filtering, drift compensation and characteristics extraction；Apples odorant information analysis is calculated by principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, realized odor characteristics information algorithm eventually through software, so as to rapidly and accurately judge the freshness situation of apple by odor characteristics information.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to detection field, and in particular to a kind of device based on gas infomation detection apple freshness.
Background technology
Apple is the first big fruit of China, and its annual production accounts for global apple production and cultivation face respectively up to 3849.1 ten thousand tons
Long-pending 53.7% and 47.0%, but apple postharvest storage decline caused by year loss late be up to 30%, to orchard worker and fruit business
Cause huge economic loss.The freshness of apple is for one of an important factor for evaluating apple quality, is generally gone back at present
It is to take the artificial method for carrying out sense organ evaluation and test, for measuring apple freshness.But the detected by scent of expert, with treating test sample
This quantity increases, and can produce adaptation to tested smell.In addition, evaluation result is easily by the shadow of the mood of people, health and environment
Ring, it is difficult to ensure accuracy and objectivity.Therefore the method for this evaluation apple freshness does not have unified standard, not yet
Definite result can be drawn.
Smell is an important organoleptic quality of apple, and there is certain pass with its freshness level for the smell of apple
System.Bionic olfactory technology is a kind of a kind of technology for being used for simulating Biologic Olfaction system judging smell.This skill
Art extracts its characteristic information by being sampled to smell, then by information transfer and handles, finally again by recognition methods and
Means obtain differentiating result.Carrying out detection to sample by bionic olfactory technology can accomplish harmless, and round of visits is short,
The test effect of quick nondestructive can be obtained.
In consideration of it, study a kind of bionic olfactory fast non-destructive detection method of apple freshness and device be it is urgently to be resolved hurrily and
The problem of very significant.
Utility model content
In order to which in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of the bionical of apple freshness
Smell Rapid non-destructive testing device.
Realize that the utility model purpose technical scheme is：
The top surface and side view of housing, arc including tubulose are trapezoidal air inlet, and one end of tubular shell connects
The air inlet, other end connection top surface；Exhaust fan is provided with top surface；Air inlet has two layers of inner edge and outside, and outside is outside
Tilt, there is jagged edge；Inner edge slopes inwardly, and has jagged edge；
Heater element and sensor display are sequentially disposed with housing from air inlet to exhaust fan direction；The sensor is old
Row are connected with power module and Voltage stabilizing module by interface circuit.
Preferably, outside air inlet it is hard material, air inlet inner edge is soft material, is to place among air inlet inner edge
The region of apple；Air inlet on tubular shell joint face with being provided with leafy dividing plate.The outside of the hard can use hard
Plastics, stainless steel etc. are made, and the soft inner edge can be made of rubber.Because apple is not of uniform size, shape is not uniform
Circle, soft zigzag inner edge can fix apple well, be easy to determine.
Further, the heater element is that disk is provided with deflector into tower-like heating wire, tower-like heating wire bottom；It is described
Sensor array is arranged on sensor plate, and the sensor plate is divided into by deflector with the side that sensor plate contacts
The two sides of area.
Preferably, when tubular shell is disposed vertically, the deflector is perpendicular to horizontal plane, deflector and sensor plate
The side of contact and the axis of tubular shell are in 42~48 ° of angles.By the way that the angle of sensor array and airintake direction is set as into 45
Degree left and right, the efficiency contacted between the gas and sensor array that make to be entered by inlet channel are maximum.
Wherein, the sensor array includes metal oxide sensor and ethanol electrochemical sensor, temperature sensor,
The metal oxide sensor includes alcohol, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, food vapors sensor；Six sensors set up separately with institute
State on the two sides sensor plate that deflector separates.
Wherein, the interface circuit includes circuit for signal conditioning and A/D sample circuits, and the communication module is provided with USB
Interface, slave computer is connected by USB interface.
A kind of fast non-destructive detection method of apple freshness, is entered using described bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device
Row detection, comprises the following steps：
1) apple freshness odor characteristics information is obtained by sensor array, establishes apple freshness odor characteristics information
Storehouse；
2) apple freshness odiferous information data are pre-processed, reach information is filtered, drift compensation and spy
The purpose of value indicative extraction；
3) data are carried out to the apple freshness odor characteristics information after treating using principal component analysis (PCA) method to carry
Take, determine principal component；
4) classifier design is carried out to apple freshness odiferous information data, finds and maximize object function, can be well
Divide the purpose of initial data.Apple freshness odiferous information is handled with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method, foundation is sentenced
Other model.
Because ethanol is the larger amount of gas of apple release, the utility model uses metal sensor and electrochemical sensing
Two kinds of device detects.The susceptibility of two kinds of sensors is different, and the maximum output voltage of electrochemical sensor is 5V, according to experiment
Compare optimization, reach the signal that 3V opportunitys switch to metal sensor in output.In the step 1), passed using metal oxide
Sensor and electrochemical sensor detection ethanol information, when metal oxide sensor collection signal be more than 3.0V, then switch to
Record the ethanol information of electrochemical sensor detection.
In step 2), effective characteristics extraction is used as by the use of revised calculus of finite differences.The definition of calculus of finite differences isWherein, XiFor a certain moment value of response,For response maximum,For sound
Answer minimum value.Described apple freshness odiferous information preprocess method is used to make sensor response curve more smooth, and disappears
Except influence of the environmental factor to gas sensor.
Wherein, it is in the step 3), the step of principal component analysis (PCA)：Calculate correlation matrix, calculate characteristic value
With the load value of characteristic vector, calculating principal component contributor rate and contribution rate of accumulative total with calculating principal component.To apple freshness smell
Information data carries out feature extraction, reaches to Data Dimensionality Reduction, reduces the operand in data handling procedure, improves the accurate of classification
The purpose of rate；
Wherein, realize that PCA is analyzed using the method for C# and MATLAB hybrid programmings, realized with the method for importing discrimination model
LDA classifies.
The utility model also includes step：Testing sample apple freshness odor data is collected by sensor array
Information, the discrimination model obtained by step 4) judge freshness.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are：
The apple freshness Fast nondestructive evaluation technology that the utility model is proposed, include selection, the biography of sensor array
The analysis of sensor response signal, response characteristic information pre-processing and data analysing method research.Wherein, sensor selection metal oxidation
Thing sensor array；Sensor response signal is acquired and analyzed by designing and establishing interface circuit；By filtering, drifting about
Compensation and characteristics extraction pre-process to characteristic information；It is right by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
Apples odorant information analysis calculates；Odor characteristics information algorithm is realized eventually through software, so as to fast by odor characteristics information
Speed judges the freshness situation of apple exactly.
The bionic olfactory device of Fast nondestructive evaluation apple freshness used in the utility model, include the hardware knot of device
The software of structure and device realizes two parts.
The hardware configuration part of described device includes inlet plenum, sensor voltage supply/Voltage stabilizing module, Signal Conditioning Equipment, number
According to harvester, power module and communication module.The smell of metal oxide sensor array acquisition apple in inlet plenum is special
Reference ceases.Signal Conditioning Equipment is connected with inlet plenum, and apples odorant characteristic information is converted into electric signal.Data acquisition device
It is connected with Signal Conditioning Equipment, receives and gather the digital odor characteristics information obtained by said apparatus.Communication module and number
It is connected according to harvester, odor characteristics information transfer to slave computer is handled.Sensor voltage supply/Voltage stabilizing module and air inlet
Sensor array in room is connected, and provides stable operating voltage for sensor array to ensure that it is normally carried out work.Electricity
Source module is connected with sensor voltage supply/Voltage stabilizing module, Signal Conditioning Equipment and data acquisition device, and electricity is provided for each part
Source, to ensure the normal operation of above-mentioned each part.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device stereoscopic figure of apple freshness of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is bionic olfactory Fast nondestructive evaluation apple freshness device sectional view of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of this bionic olfactory Fast nondestructive evaluation apple freshness device detection.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of each module of signal transacting.
In figure, 1 is sensor array, and 101 be sensor plate, and 2 be cylinder, and 201 be handle, 3 be air inlet, and 301 are
Outside air inlet, 302 be air inlet inner edge, and 4 be top surface, and 401 be exhaust fan, and 402 be gas outlet, and 5 be heater element, and 6 be to lead
Flowing plate
Embodiment
Illustrate the utility model below by most preferred embodiment.Those skilled in the art institute it should be understood that, embodiment only
For illustrating the utility model rather than for limiting the scope of the utility model.
Unless otherwise instructed, the means used in embodiment are technological means known in the field.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device of apple freshness, include cylinder 2, the arc of tubulose
Top surface 4 and side view be trapezoidal air inlet 3 (side view 2 is trapezoidal, is looked up as circle), one end of tubular barrel connect into
Gas port 3, other end connection top surface 4；Exhaust fan 401 is provided with top surface, gas outlet 402 is provided with top surface.Handle is set on cylinder
Hand 201.
Heater element 5 and sensor display 1 are sequentially disposed with cylinder from air inlet to exhaust fan direction；The sensor
Display is connected with power module and voltage supply/Voltage stabilizing module by interface circuit, and wherein voltage regulation part uses LM2596, by direct current
12V power supplies switch to 5V, to ensure the stability of the operating voltage of each sensor, meet voltage autgmentability again.Voltage supply part
For FC22 modules.
Referring to Fig. 2, air inlet 3 has two layers of inner edge and an outside, and 301 be rigid plastics outside air inlet, outward-dipping, is had
Jagged edge, play a supportive role；Air inlet inner edge 302 slopes inwardly, and has jagged edge；
The heater element 5 is that disk is provided with the water conservancy diversion in vertical and horizontal face into tower-like heating wire, tower-like heating wire bottom
Plate 6 (when cylinder is placed vertically)；The sensor array 1 is arranged on sensor plate, deflector and sensor plate 101
The side of contact and the major axis of cylinder are in 45° angle, and deflector 6 divides the sensor plate with the side that sensor plate 101 contacts
Into the two sides of homalographic；The sensor array includes metal oxide sensor and ethanol electrochemical sensor, TEMP
Device, the metal oxide sensor include TGS822, TGS825, TGS826, TGS880 sensor.Six sensors set up separately
On the two sides sensor plate separated with the deflector, three on one side.
Referring to Fig. 4, wherein, the interface circuit includes circuit for signal conditioning and A/D sample circuits, and the communication module leads to
Cross USB interface and be connected with slave computer.The circuit for signal conditioning uses bleeder circuit, direct-current bridge, sign-changing amplifier and Pyatyi
Formula bridge amplifier is formed by connecting, and response of the sensor to apple gas is converted into the electric signal easily measured, and transmit to
Data acquisition device.Analog-signal transitions are data signal, passed through by data acquisition device by A/D change-over circuits therein
Small-sized data collecting card NI USB-6008 (instrument company of the U.S., National Instruments, NI) collection apple gas is special
Levy digital information.Data acquisition device is transmitted the apples odorant characteristic information collected to computer by USB port.
It is using the device of the present embodiment, flow such as Fig. 3 of progress apple freshness judgement, its step：
1) apple freshness odor characteristics information is obtained by sensor array, establishes apple freshness odor characteristics information
Storehouse；7th, fast non-destructive detection method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that in the step 1), aoxidized using metal
Thing sensor and electrochemical sensor detection ethanol information, when metal oxide sensor collection signal be more than 3.0V, then cut
It is changed to the ethanol information of record electrochemical sensor detection.
2) apple freshness odiferous information data are pre-processed, reach information is filtered, drift compensation and spy
The purpose of value indicative extraction；Described apple freshness odiferous information preprocess method is used to make sensor response curve more flat
It is sliding, and eliminate influence of the environmental factor to gas sensor.Effective characteristics extraction is used as by the use of revised calculus of finite differences.Difference
The definition of method isWherein, XiFor a certain moment value of response,For response maximum,For
Respond minimum value.
3) feature extraction is carried out to apple freshness odiferous information data, has reached to Data Dimensionality Reduction, reduced data processing
During operand, improve classification accuracy rate purpose.Using principal component analysis (PCA) method to the apple after treating
Freshness odor characteristics information carries out data extraction, determines principal component.The step of principal component analysis (PCA) is：Calculate phase relation
Matrix number, calculate characteristic value and characteristic vector, the load value for calculating principal component contributor rate and contribution rate of accumulative total and calculating principal component.
4) classifier design is carried out to apple freshness odiferous information data, finds and maximize object function, with linearly sentencing
Not Fen Xi (LDA) method apple freshness odiferous information is handled.Realized using the method for C# and MATLAB hybrid programmings
PCA is analyzed, and realizes that LDA classifies with the method for importing discrimination model.
Software in computer uses C# and MATLAB hybrid programmings, can proceed as follows：
1) analog signal can be set to input configuration parameter, in order to which user selects the single-ended mode of connection and difference wiring side
Formula；
2) 8 signal sampling channels are provided with, facilitate user to increase the number of sensor in sensor array；
3) being capable of real-time display waveform and response data；
4) collection result is preserved, it is allowed to result is stored as tri- kinds of forms of txt, excel and csv, and can be by waveform
Figure is preserved with jpg forms；
5) timing starts and automatic data collection, according between at the beginning of setting and times of collection, single acquisition time, adopts automatically
Collection and automatic storage；
6) data prediction, because the response data that data collecting card gathers in experiment has certain noise, it is herein
System can carry out a variety of smooth or functions to the data gathered every time and fit processing, automatic or manual can be selected to store after processing
For txt and xls formatted files；
7) Data Analysis Services, the data being analysed to first carry out feature extraction, then can select to use PCA algorithms pair
Data are analyzed and sample are classified with LDA algorithm, and analysis result can be shown in the form of scattergram.
The software can carry out the operations such as configuration parameter, data acquisition, data smoothing, reading waveform.Software by C# and
MATLAB hybrid programmings, which are realized, carries out principal component analysis (PCA) analysis to apples odorant characteristic information, by importing discrimination model
Method realize linear discriminant analysis (LDA), so as to according to above-mentioned data processing algorithm finally judge apple freshness feelings
Condition.The interface of software includes：User's login interface, main interface, data smoothing interface, feature extraction interface, principal component analysis circle
Face and linear discriminant analysis interface.Wherein, user's login interface designs to meet the login demand that software uses.Together
When, the interface is available for system manager to being increased using the system user, deleting, changing operation.
The main interface include menu bar, toolbar, left side set, intermediate pattern show, right side real-time condition display, bottom
Portion's status information etc..User can be acquired by the interface to sample gas, response message smoothing processing, feature extraction,
The operations such as terminals selection (single-ended or difference), PCA analyses, LDA classification.
The present embodiment once tests process：
Collect the apple just plucked, be divided into equal four groups of quantity, first day with step 1) gathered data, then apple
Be placed in beaker, preservative film covered on beaker, place into refrigerator, the 2nd day, the 5th day, the 7th day, the 10th day, the 14th day, the 28th day
Detected, beaker is placed in test chamber, raise preservative film, read data.
With the software processing of built-in computer, discrimination model is obtained.With observing results contrast, the accuracy rate of judgment models is
90%.
Embodiment above is only that preferred embodiment of the present utility model is described, not to the utility model
Scope be defined, on the premise of the utility model design spirit is not departed from, this area ordinary skill technical staff to this
The all variations and modifications that the technical scheme of utility model is made, the guarantor that claims of the present utility model determine all should be fallen into
In the range of shield.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device of apple freshness, it is characterised in that housing, arc including tubulose
Top surface and side view be trapezoidal air inlet, one end of tubular shell connects the air inlet, other end connection top surface；Top
Exhaust fan is provided with face, gas outlet is provided with top surface；
Air inlet has two layers of inner edge and outside, and outside is outward-dipping, has jagged edge；Inner edge slopes inwardly, and has sawtooth
Shape edge；
In housing heater element and sensor array are sequentially disposed with from air inlet to exhaust fan direction；The sensor array leads to
Cross interface circuit and be connected with power module and Voltage stabilizing module.
2. bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be hard outside air inlet
Material, air inlet inner edge are soft material, are the region for placing apple among air inlet inner edge；Air inlet is connected with tubular shell
Leafy dividing plate is provided with face.
3. bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the heater element is disk
Into tower-like heating wire, tower-like heating wire bottom is provided with deflector；The sensor array is arranged on sensor plate, water conservancy diversion
The sensor plate is divided into the two sides of homalographic with the side that sensor plate contacts by plate.
4. bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that when tubular shell is vertically put
When putting, the deflector perpendicular to the axis of the side that horizontal plane, deflector contact with sensor plate and tubular shell in 42~
48 ° of angles.
5. bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the sensor array bag
Include metal oxide sensor and ethanol electrochemical sensor, temperature sensor, the metal oxide sensor include alcohol,
Hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, food vapors sensor；Six sensors set up separately in the two sides sensor plate separated with the deflector
On.
6. the bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that described to connect
Mouth circuit includes circuit for signal conditioning and A/D sample circuits, and the communication module is provided with USB interface.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201720354452.9U CN206710409U (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2017-04-06 | The bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device of apple freshness |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106979998A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-25 | 北京农业质量标准与检测技术研究中心 | The bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device and detection method of apple freshness |
| CN113154743A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-23 | 青岛海尔电冰箱有限公司 | Refrigerator smell detection method and refrigerator |
-
2017
- 2017-04-06 CN CN201720354452.9U patent/CN206710409U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106979998A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-07-25 | 北京农业质量标准与检测技术研究中心 | The bionic olfactory Rapid non-destructive testing device and detection method of apple freshness |
| CN106979998B (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2024-03-26 | 北京市农林科学院 | Bionic smell rapid nondestructive detection device and detection method for apple freshness |
| CN113154743A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-23 | 青岛海尔电冰箱有限公司 | Refrigerator smell detection method and refrigerator |
| CN113154743B (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2022-11-08 | 青岛海尔电冰箱有限公司 | Refrigerator smell detection method and refrigerator |
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Effective date of registration: 20220805 Address after: 100097 No. 9 middle garden, Shuguang garden, Beijing, Haidian District Patentee after: BEIJING ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SCIENCES Address before: 1002, seed building, Beijing Academy of agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 9, shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097 Patentee before: BEIJING RESEARCH CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL STANDARDS AND TESTING |
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