CN206561382U - Servo split nut device - Google Patents

Servo split nut device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN206561382U
CN206561382U CN201720259237.0U CN201720259237U CN206561382U CN 206561382 U CN206561382 U CN 206561382U CN 201720259237 U CN201720259237 U CN 201720259237U CN 206561382 U CN206561382 U CN 206561382U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
nut
servo
screwdriver bit
track
fixed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn - After Issue
Application number
CN201720259237.0U
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈述星
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Suzhou New Fu Jie Automation Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Suzhou New Fu Jie Automation Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Suzhou New Fu Jie Automation Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Suzhou New Fu Jie Automation Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201720259237.0U priority Critical patent/CN206561382U/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN206561382U publication Critical patent/CN206561382U/en
Withdrawn - After Issue legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Landscapes

  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of servo split nut device, including base, track is provided with base;Cylinder, cylinder is arranged on base;Nut fixed mechanism, including nut fixed mounting, nut fix mouth and nut feeding mechanism, and nut, which is fixed to be provided with nut placed channel, nut feeding mechanism on mouth, is provided with nut feeding-passage;Screwdriver bit drive mechanism, including servo mounting seat, servomotor, reductor, abutment sleeve and screwdriver bit mechanism, one end of screwdriver bit mechanism and the output end of reductor are connected, and the other end of screwdriver bit mechanism is actively located in nut placed channel;Elastic spacing one, including Flexible Connector and limited post.The utility model is compared to prior art, and rationally, nut is from nut feeding-passage enters nut placed channel to compact conformation, it is ensured that feed only one of which nut every time, automatic charging substantially increases operating efficiency.

Description

Servo split nut device
Technical field
The utility model is related to a kind of servo split nut device.
Background technology
At present, the automatic varied two methods of structure for making nut machine on the market realize the orderly feeding and lock of nut Pay, one is that arranged type automatic screw fixing machine is use up, although a certain degree of automation can be realized in manner just described by adopting, its efficiency It is very low, and structure is more complicated, working space is larger, reliability is not high, safeguard that inconvenient, noise is larger;Two be air-blowing Formula makes nut machine automatically, and it slightly has raising compared to the former efficiency, but still has that feeding is unstable, reliability is not high, alarm Safeguard the problems such as poor, easily generation nut is superimposed.
Therefore, a kind of stable servo split nut device of feeding is needed badly.
Utility model content
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the utility model provides a kind of servo split nut device.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
The utility model provides a kind of servo split nut device, including:
Track is provided with base, base, the length direction of track is vertical direction;
Nut fixed mechanism, including nut fixed mounting, nut fix mouth and nut feeding mechanism, and nut is fixedly mounted Seat is arranged on base and positioned at the lower section of track, and nut is fixed mouth and is arranged on nut fixed mounting, nut feeding mechanism It is arranged on nut fixed mounting, nut, which is fixed to be provided with nut placed channel, nut feeding mechanism on mouth, is provided with spiral shell Female feeding-passage, the end of nut feeding-passage and the sidepiece of nut placed channel are oppositely arranged and connector therebetween The height dimension of height dimension and nut matches, and the side of nut placed channel is additionally provided with inductor;
Screwdriver bit drive mechanism, including cylinder, servo mounting seat, servomotor, reductor, abutment sleeve and screwdriver bit mechanism, Cylinder is arranged on base and positioned at the top of track, and the movement of servo mounting seat is arranged on track and connected with the output end of cylinder Connect, servomotor, reductor, abutment sleeve are arranged in servo mounting seat, the output of the input and servomotor of reductor End connection, screwdriver bit mechanism is sheathed in abutment sleeve, and one end of screwdriver bit mechanism and the output end of reductor are connected, screwdriver bit mechanism The other end is actively located in nut placed channel;
Elastic spacing one, including Flexible Connector and limited post, Flexible Connector be arranged at the bottom of servo mounting seat and Positioned at the both sides of track length direction, limited post is arranged on base and positioned at the lower section of Flexible Connector.
The utility model is compared to prior art, and rationally, nut is positioned compact conformation from nut feeding-passage into nut In passage, it is ensured that feed only one of which nut every time, automatic charging substantially increases operating efficiency.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, following improvement can be also done:
As preferred scheme, above-mentioned nut, which fixes mouth, includes fixed cover, two positions semi-rings and elastic belt circle, fixed Cover for the cylindrical structure with axial cavity, axial one end of fixed cover is provided with installation portion, the axial other end of fixed cover It is provided between two fixing arc sheets being oppositely arranged, fixing arc sheet and is provided with setting interval;Two positions semi-rings be oppositely arranged and Therebetween a nut placed channel is formed, nut placed channel is connected with the axial cavity of fixed cover, and positions semi-ring is by upper It is disposed with on connection arc piece, spacing arc piece and positioning arc piece, the madial wall for connecting arc piece and is additionally provided with projection, is connected Arc piece is arranged between fixing arc sheet, two one circular ring structures of spacing arc piece formation, the either side adjacent position shape of two positioning arc pieces Into a nut mouthful;Elastic belt snare is in fixing arc sheet and connection arc piece.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, nut enters after nut placed channel, and cylinder driving servo mounting seat is moved down, So that screwdriver bit mechanism is moved downward to the position pierced into after nut inner hole and continue to be moved downward to required split nut, servomotor is opened Dynamic to drive screwdriver bit mechanism to rotate, screwdriver bit mechanism, which is rotated, drives nut rotation to realize that lock is paid.
As preferred scheme, on above-mentioned fixed cover and positioned at being additionally provided with limit convex between installation portion and fixing arc sheet Ring, the diameter dimension of position limiting convex ring is respectively greater than the diameter dimension of installation portion and the diameter dimension of fixing arc sheet.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, the position of position limiting convex ring, limitation installation portion and connection arc piece is set on fixed cover, made Obtain compact conformation reasonable.
As preferred scheme, thread groove, elastic skin are provided with above-mentioned fixing arc sheet and the outer surface of connection arc piece Zone circle is sheathed in thread groove.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, groove is threaded on the outer surface of fixed cambered surface and connection arc piece, is easy to elastic skin The installation of zone circle.
As preferred scheme, above-mentioned nut feeding-passage includes connected charging interface channel and transition passage, enters Material interface channel is from top to bottom vertically arranged, and the port of export and the nut mouthful of transition passage are oppositely arranged, and transition passage is by away from spiral shell Female mouth to close nut mouthful is to be obliquely installed from high to low.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, nut enters to transition passage after charging interface channel, is easy to the arrangement of nut And feeding.
As preferred scheme, above-mentioned screwdriver bit mechanism includes screwdriver bit bar and cutter head, and cutter head includes two knives being oppositely arranged Head body and flexible member, two bit bodies formation one have the cylindrical structure of through hole, the big footpath of the lower half of two bit bodies Size is that, by small gradually big setting, two bit bodies are actively located in the head of screwdriver bit bar and bullet is provided therebetween from the bottom to top Property element.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, the big footpath size of the lower half of bit body be from the bottom to top by small gradually big setting and Flexible member is provided therebetween, smoothly can be contacted with nut, it is to avoid with nut hardness when screwdriver bit mechanism is moved down Damaged in collision nut.
As preferred scheme, above-mentioned Flexible Connector includes contiguous block, connecting rod, fastening bolt and turn, even Connect block and be arranged at the bottom of servo mounting seat and positioned at the both sides of track length direction, connecting rod is actively located in contiguous block, One end of connecting rod length direction is provided with connection position limiting convex ring, and the other end and the fastening bolt screw thread of connecting rod length direction connect Connect, turn is sheathed in connecting rod and positioned between contiguous block and fastening bolt.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, Flexible Connector limits the stroke of servo mounting seat, and gas is avoided when nut lock is paid The excessive damage product of cylinder stroke.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Describe preferred embodiment of the present utility model in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In order to reach the purpose of this utility model, as shown in figure 1, being carried in one of which embodiment of the present utility model For a kind of servo split nut device, including:
Track is provided with base 10, base 10, the length direction of track is vertical direction;
Nut fixed mechanism, including nut fixed mounting 30, nut fix mouth and nut feeding mechanism 31, and nut is fixed Mounting seat 30 is arranged on base 10 and positioned at the lower section of track, and nut is fixed mouth and is arranged on nut fixed mounting 30, spiral shell Female feeding mechanism is arranged on nut fixed mounting 30, and nut is fixed on mouth and is provided with nut placed channel, nut charger It is provided with nut feeding-passage on structure, the end of nut feeding-passage is oppositely arranged and the two it with the sidepiece of nut placed channel Between the height dimension of connector and the height dimension of nut match, the side of nut placed channel is additionally provided with inductor;
Screwdriver bit drive mechanism, including cylinder 20, servo mounting seat 40, servomotor 41, reductor 42, the and of abutment sleeve 43 Screwdriver bit mechanism 44, cylinder 20 is arranged on base 10 and positioned at the top of track, and the movement of servo mounting seat 40 is arranged on track And be connected with the output end of cylinder 20, servomotor 41, reductor 42, abutment sleeve 43 are arranged in servo mounting seat 40, are subtracted The input of fast machine 42 is connected with the output end of servomotor 41, and screwdriver bit mechanism 44 is sheathed in abutment sleeve 43, screwdriver bit mechanism 44 one end is connected with the output end of reductor 42, and the other end of screwdriver bit mechanism 44 is actively located in nut placed channel;
Elastic spacing one, including Flexible Connector and limited post, Flexible Connector be arranged at the bottom of servo mounting seat and Positioned at the both sides of track length direction, limited post is arranged on base and positioned at the lower section of Flexible Connector.
Present embodiment is compared to prior art, and rationally, nut is positioned compact conformation from nut feeding-passage into nut In passage, it is ensured that feed only one of which nut every time, automatic charging substantially increases operating efficiency.
Operation principle of the present utility model is described further below:
Nut enters nut feeding-passage and slipped into nut placed channel, and inductor is sensed to be had in nut placed channel After material, the output end of cylinder 20 moves down driving servo mounting seat 40 and moved down, and drives servomotor 41, the and of reductor 42 Screwdriver bit mechanism 44 is moved down so that the head of screwdriver bit mechanism 44 is stretched into nut inner hole, and servomotor 41, which is rotated, drives nut Rotate, so that Wang Cheng nut locks pay action.
In order to further optimize implementation result of the present utility model, in another embodiment of the present utility model, On the basis of foregoing teachings, above-mentioned nut, which fixes mouth, includes fixed cover 32, two positions semi-rings 33 and elastic belt circle 34, Gu Surely set 32 is the cylindrical structure with axial cavity, and axial one end of fixed cover 32 is provided with installation portion, the axle of fixed cover 32 It is provided with to the other end between two fixing arc sheets being oppositely arranged, fixing arc sheet and is provided with setting interval;Two positions semi-rings 33 It is oppositely arranged and forms a nut placed channel therebetween, nut placed channel is connected with the axial cavity of fixed cover 32, Positions semi-ring 33 is from top to bottom disposed with connection arc piece, spacing arc piece and positioning arc piece, connects on the madial wall of arc piece also Projection is provided with, connection arc piece is arranged between fixing arc sheet, two one circular ring structures of spacing arc piece formation, times of two positioning arc pieces Side adjacent position forms a nut mouthful;Elastic belt circle 34 is sheathed in fixing arc sheet and connection arc piece.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, nut enters after nut placed channel, and cylinder 20 drives servo mounting seat to moving down It is dynamic so that screwdriver bit mechanism is moved downward to the position pierced into after nut inner hole and continue to be moved downward to required split nut, servo electricity Machine, which starts, drives screwdriver bit mechanism to rotate, and screwdriver bit mechanism, which is rotated, drives nut rotation to realize that lock is paid.
In order to further optimize implementation result of the present utility model, in another embodiment of the present utility model, On the basis of foregoing teachings, on above-mentioned fixed cover 32 and positioned at being additionally provided with limit convex between installation portion and fixing arc sheet Ring, the diameter dimension of position limiting convex ring is respectively greater than the diameter dimension of installation portion and the diameter dimension of fixing arc sheet.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, the position of position limiting convex ring, limitation installation portion and connection arc piece is set on fixed cover, made Obtain compact conformation reasonable.
In order to further optimize implementation result of the present utility model, in another embodiment of the present utility model, On the basis of foregoing teachings, thread groove, elastic belt circle are provided with above-mentioned fixing arc sheet and the outer surface of connection arc piece It is sheathed in thread groove.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, groove is threaded on the outer surface of fixed cambered surface and connection arc piece, is easy to elastic skin The installation of zone circle.
In order to further optimize implementation result of the present utility model, in another embodiment of the present utility model, On the basis of foregoing teachings, above-mentioned nut feeding-passage includes connected charging interface channel and transition passage, and charging connects Connect road to be from top to bottom vertically arranged, the port of export and the nut mouthful of transition passage are oppositely arranged, and transition passage is by away from nut mouthful It is to be obliquely installed from high to low to close nut mouthful.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, nut enters to transition passage after charging interface channel, is easy to the arrangement of nut And feeding.
In order to further optimize implementation result of the present utility model, in another embodiment of the present utility model, On the basis of foregoing teachings, above-mentioned screwdriver bit mechanism 44 includes screwdriver bit bar and cutter head, and cutter head includes two cutter heads being oppositely arranged Body and flexible member, two bit bodies formation one have the cylindrical structure of through hole, the big footpath chi of the lower half of two bit bodies Very little is that, by small gradually big setting, two bit bodies are actively located in the head of screwdriver bit bar and elasticity is provided therebetween from the bottom to top Element.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, the big footpath size of the lower half of bit body be from the bottom to top by small gradually big setting and Flexible member is provided therebetween, smoothly can be contacted with nut, it is to avoid with nut hardness when screwdriver bit mechanism is moved down Damaged in collision nut.
In order to further optimize implementation result of the present utility model, in another embodiment of the present utility model, On the basis of foregoing teachings, above-mentioned Flexible Connector includes contiguous block, connecting rod, fastening bolt and turn, contiguous block It is arranged at the bottom of servo mounting seat and positioned at the both sides of track length direction, connecting rod is actively located in contiguous block, is connected The one end in pole length direction is provided with connection position limiting convex ring, and the other end of connecting rod length direction is threadedly coupled with fastening bolt, Turn is sheathed in connecting rod and positioned between contiguous block and fastening bolt.
Using above-mentioned preferred scheme, Flexible Connector limits the stroke of servo mounting seat, and gas is avoided when nut lock is paid The excessive damage product of cylinder stroke.
Above-described is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, it is noted that for the ordinary skill of this area For personnel, on the premise of the utility model creation design is not departed from, various modifications and improvements can be made, these all belong to In protection domain of the present utility model.

Claims (7)

1. servo split nut device, it is characterised in that including:
Track is provided with base, the base, the length direction of the track is vertical direction;
Nut fixed mechanism, including nut fixed mounting, nut fix mouth and nut feeding mechanism, and the nut is fixedly mounted Seat is arranged on base and positioned at the lower section of track, and the nut is fixed mouth and is arranged on nut fixed mounting, the nut Feeding mechanism is arranged on nut fixed mounting, and the nut is fixed on mouth and is provided with nut placed channel, and the nut enters Nut feeding-passage is provided with material mechanism, the end of the nut feeding-passage and the sidepiece of nut placed channel are oppositely arranged And the height dimension of connector therebetween and the height dimension of nut match, the side of the nut placed channel is also set It is equipped with inductor;
Screwdriver bit drive mechanism, including cylinder, servo mounting seat, servomotor, reductor, abutment sleeve and screwdriver bit mechanism, it is described Cylinder is arranged on base and positioned at the top of track, the servo mounting seat movement be arranged on track and with the output of cylinder End connection, the servomotor, reductor, abutment sleeve are arranged in servo mounting seat, and the input of the reductor is with watching The output end connection of motor is taken, the screwdriver bit mechanism is sheathed in abutment sleeve, one end of the screwdriver bit mechanism and reductor Output end is connected, and the other end of the screwdriver bit mechanism is actively located in nut placed channel;
Elastic spacing one, including Flexible Connector and limited post, the Flexible Connector be arranged at the bottom of servo mounting seat and Positioned at the both sides of track length direction, the limited post is arranged on base and positioned at the lower section of Flexible Connector.
2. servo split nut device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nut fix mouth include fixed cover, Two positions semi-rings and elastic belt circle, the fixed cover are the cylindrical structure with axial cavity, the axial direction of the fixed cover One end is provided with installation portion, and the axial other end of the fixed cover is provided with two fixing arc sheets being oppositely arranged, the fixation Setting interval is provided between arc piece;Two positions semi-rings are oppositely arranged and form a nut placed channel, the spiral shell therebetween Female placed channel is connected with the axial cavity of fixed cover, and the positions semi-ring is from top to bottom disposed with connection arc piece, limit Projection is additionally provided with position arc piece and positioning arc piece, the madial wall of the connection arc piece, the connection arc piece is arranged at fixed arc Between piece, two one circular ring structures of spacing arc piece formation, the either side adjacent position of two positioning arc pieces forms a nut mouthful;The bullet Property chape be sheathed on fixing arc sheet and connection arc piece on.
3. servo split nut device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that on the fixed cover and positioned at installation portion and Be additionally provided with position limiting convex ring between fixing arc sheet, the diameter dimension of the position limiting convex ring be respectively greater than the diameter dimension of installation portion, And the diameter dimension of fixing arc sheet.
4. servo split nut device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the fixing arc sheet is outer with connection arc piece Thread groove is provided with surface, elastic belt snare is in thread groove.
5. servo split nut device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the nut feeding-passage includes what is be connected Interface channel and transition passage are fed, the charging interface channel is from top to bottom vertically arranged, the port of export of the transition passage It is oppositely arranged with nut mouthful, the transition passage by being obliquely installed from high to low away from nut mouthful to close nut mouthful.
6. servo split nut device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the screwdriver bit mechanism includes screwdriver bit bar and knife Head, the cutter head includes two bit bodies and flexible member being oppositely arranged, and two bit bodies formation one has the cylinder of through hole Structure, the big footpath size of the lower half of two bit bodies is that, by small gradually big setting, two bit bodies are actively located in from the bottom to top The head of screwdriver bit bar and flexible member is provided therebetween.
7. servo split nut device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Flexible Connector include contiguous block, Connecting rod, fastening bolt and turn, the contiguous block are arranged at the bottom of servo mounting seat and positioned at track length direction Both sides, the connecting rod is actively located in contiguous block, and one end of the connecting rod length direction is provided with connection position limiting convex ring, The other end of the connecting rod length direction is threadedly coupled with fastening bolt, and the turn is sheathed in connecting rod and positioned at company Connect between block and fastening bolt.
CN201720259237.0U 2017-03-16 2017-03-16 Servo split nut device Withdrawn - After Issue CN206561382U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201720259237.0U CN206561382U (en) 2017-03-16 2017-03-16 Servo split nut device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201720259237.0U CN206561382U (en) 2017-03-16 2017-03-16 Servo split nut device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN206561382U true CN206561382U (en) 2017-10-17

Family

ID=60032479

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201720259237.0U Withdrawn - After Issue CN206561382U (en) 2017-03-16 2017-03-16 Servo split nut device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN206561382U (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106737351A (en) * 2017-03-16 2017-05-31 苏州新富捷自动化科技有限公司 Servo split nut device
PL423433A1 (en) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-20 Cnc Cbko Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spanner with programmable torque gripping force intended for fastening of soft objects, for example, made from plastic, in the standard lathe chucks
CN110682244A (en) * 2019-10-14 2020-01-14 无锡辰浩装饰工程有限公司 Electric screw driver with automatic feeding function
CN112372564A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-02-19 璟泰(清远)橡胶工业有限公司 Screw machining head for automatic screw machine and machining method thereof
CN113442087A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-09-28 常州工学院 Blow little draw ratio screw of nail formula and tighten up axle

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106737351A (en) * 2017-03-16 2017-05-31 苏州新富捷自动化科技有限公司 Servo split nut device
CN106737351B (en) * 2017-03-16 2018-12-18 苏州新富捷自动化科技有限公司 Servo lock nut apparatus
PL423433A1 (en) * 2017-11-13 2019-05-20 Cnc Cbko Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spanner with programmable torque gripping force intended for fastening of soft objects, for example, made from plastic, in the standard lathe chucks
CN110682244A (en) * 2019-10-14 2020-01-14 无锡辰浩装饰工程有限公司 Electric screw driver with automatic feeding function
CN112372564A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-02-19 璟泰(清远)橡胶工业有限公司 Screw machining head for automatic screw machine and machining method thereof
CN113442087A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-09-28 常州工学院 Blow little draw ratio screw of nail formula and tighten up axle

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN206561382U (en) Servo split nut device
CN106737351A (en) Servo split nut device
CN205414753U (en) Weld and take adjusting device and stringer
CN206520931U (en) A kind of finished product storage tank of non-neighboring benzene pellet
CN204737403U (en) Continuous feedway of multi -purpose shaft type embryo spare
CN206665536U (en) Tensioning apparatus
CN203716147U (en) Liftable ground anchor
CN206702566U (en) Servo locks bolt device
CN208374061U (en) Nail-shooting gun nail type regulating mechanism
CN202278114U (en) Mechanical clamping device for numerical control indexing notching winder
CN105883390A (en) Screw separating machine
CN106736489B (en) Servo lock bolt device
CN203372429U (en) Sorting mechanism of automatic bag feeder
CN204416624U (en) Helical material transport machine
CN205734091U (en) Automatic blanking machine
CN202525048U (en) Novel puffed feed cutter
CN217555078U (en) Intelligent cable cutting and marking integrated machine
CN203185040U (en) Feed mechanism of bearing bush end face deburring machine
CN203985675U (en) Fishing rod wire spool rocker arm assembly
CN207129535U (en) A kind of feed device for automatic nut machine
CN207495880U (en) Pitched roof mechanism
CN209550491U (en) A kind of screw production thread rolling machine fast blanking mechanism
CN215467383U (en) Blanking machine for producing mining support material
CN216426639U (en) Guide wheel mechanism of stacking machine
CN203621221U (en) Angle-adjustable spinning former tool mounting mechanism

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
AV01 Patent right actively abandoned
AV01 Patent right actively abandoned

Granted publication date: 20171017

Effective date of abandoning: 20181218