CN206515360U - A kind of ultrasound wind system - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasound wind system Download PDFInfo
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- CN206515360U CN206515360U CN201621294714.9U CN201621294714U CN206515360U CN 206515360 U CN206515360 U CN 206515360U CN 201621294714 U CN201621294714 U CN 201621294714U CN 206515360 U CN206515360 U CN 206515360U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of ultrasound wind system.The system includes ultrasonic transducer probe, circuit board, base and reflecting surface, the ultrasonic transducer probe is used to launching and receiving the pulse signal with setting lobe width, the ultrasonic transducer probe is oppositely arranged two-by-two, two ultrasonic transducer probes being oppositely arranged two-by-two are one group, line between ultrasonic transducer facing each other is designated as connecting line, at least two groups of connecting line is mutually perpendicular in the system, the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic transducer probe in described each group is sent can be received after the reflection of the reflecting surface by being popped one's head in the ultrasonic transducer probe with another ultrasonic wave transducer in group, and, it is merely able to be popped one's head in another ultrasonic wave transducer in group with the ultrasonic transducer probe to receive.The ultrasound wind system that the utility model is provided can realize the miniaturization of wind measuring system while the accuracy of measurement result is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to measuring wind speed field, more particularly to a kind of ultrasound wind system.
Background technology
In order to meet the growth requirement of China's oceanographic observation, small-sized integrated automatic weather station is developed very urgent.Mesh
Before, the measuring method that the ultrasound wind system of automatic weather station is used is generally time difference method, based on measurement method for time difference
Ultrasound wind system, has certain requirement, distance for the distance between ultrasonic transducer of transmitting-receiving ultrasonic signal
Smaller, driving ultrasonic transducer transmitting ultrasonic signal and the time interval received between ultrasonic echo signal are shorter,
Measurement error is bigger, directly affects the measurement performance of whole wind measuring system.In order to ensure the measurement accuracy of overall wind measuring system
And stability, the ultrasound wind system of comparative maturity uses the measuring method of time difference on the market at present, and sound path all exists substantially
More than 100mm, is limited in itself by measuring principle, and the ultrasound wind system based on measurement method for time difference realizes that miniaturization has
Certain difficulty.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of ultrasound wind system, can ensure the accuracy of measurement result
Meanwhile, realize the miniaturization of wind measuring system.
To achieve the above object, the utility model provides following scheme：
A kind of ultrasound wind system, the system includes：
Ultrasonic transducer probe, the ultrasonic transducer probe is used to launch and receive with setting lobe width
Pulse signal, the quantity of the ultrasonic transducer probe is multiple, and the ultrasonic transducer probe is oppositely arranged two-by-two, institute
It is one group to state two ultrasonic transducer probes being oppositely arranged two-by-two, by the line between ultrasonic transducer facing each other
The connecting line for being designated as at least two groups in connecting line, the system is mutually perpendicular to, two ultrasonic transducers in described every group
Ultrasonic signal is mutually sent and received between probe；
Circuit board, the ultrasonic transducer probe is fixed on the circuit board, and the circuit board is in embedded mode
On transducer installing plate；
Reflecting surface, the reflecting surface is oppositely arranged with the ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic transducer in described each group
Pop one's head in the ultrasonic wave that sends after the reflection of the reflecting surface can by with the ultrasonic transducer probe with group
Another ultrasonic wave transducer probe is received, moreover, be merely able to by with the ultrasonic transducer probe with another ultrasonic wave in group
Energy exchange probe is received.
Optionally, the geometric center of the ultrasonic transducer probe is located on same circumference, the ultrasonic transducer
The quantity of probe is four, respectively the first ultrasonic transducer probe, the second ultrasonic transducer probe, the 3rd ultrasonic waves
Can device probe and the 4th ultrasonic transducer probe, first ultrasonic transducer probe and second ultrasonic transducer
Probe is oppositely arranged, and the 3rd ultrasonic transducer probe is oppositely arranged with the 4th ultrasonic transducer probe, and first
Connecting line and the second connecting line are perpendicular, and first connecting line is that first ultrasonic transducer probe the second surpasses with described
Line between acoustic wave transducer probe, second connecting line is that the 3rd ultrasonic transducer probe four surpasses with described the
Line between acoustic wave transducer probe.
Optionally, the system also includes：
Copper post is supported, the support copper post is located between base and the transducer installing plate, for fixing the reflection
Face, supports transducer installing plate；
Top cover, is provided with first sensor installing plate between the top cover and the transducer installing plate, described first passes
GPS module and attitude updating module are installed on sensor installing plate；
External terminal, the terminals include power line, ground wire, instruction transmitting terminal and data receiver, the power supply
Line and ground wire are used to be connected with external power source, and the instruction transmitting terminal and the data receiver are used for and user's application control
Platform is connected.
Optionally, the system also includes base, and the upper surface of the base is provided with second sensor installing plate, described
The sensor installed on second sensor installing plate includes temperature sensor, humidity sensor and baroceptor.
Optionally, control system is provided with the circuit board, when the control system includes micro controller module, work
Sequence control module, ultrasonic echo signal processing module and signal judge module, the micro controller module respectively with the work
Make time-sequence control module, the signal judge module to be connected, the work schedule control module is believed with the ultrasonic echo
Number processing module is connected, and the ultrasonic echo signal processing module is connected with the signal judge module.
Optionally, the work schedule control module includes ultrasonic signal launch driving circuit submodule, ultrasonic wave time
Ripple signal receiving channel ON-OFF control circuit submodule, ultrasonic transducer, the work schedule control module are used to control to surpass
The working condition and work schedule of acoustic wave transducer.
Optionally, the ultrasonic echo signal processing module includes filter amplification circuit submodule, the filter and amplification
Circuit submodule is of coupled connections by four first-order bandpass filter amplifiers and formed, and the ultrasonic echo signal processing module is used for
Ultrasonic signal is amplified, filtering process.
Optionally, the signal judge module includes comparison circuit submodule, and the signal judge module is used for will filtering
Ultrasonic echo signal after amplification carries out data conversion by comparator and delivers to microcontroller.
The specific embodiment provided according to the utility model, the utility model discloses following technique effect：Utilize ultrasound
The ultrasonic echo signal frequency difference that wave transducer is received measures corresponding wind speed, super with traditional use time difference method
Sound wave, which tests the speed, to be compared, without the accurate due in for judging ultrasonic echo signal, can shorten receive and dispatch ultrasonic transducer it
Between distance, so as to realize the miniaturization of whole wind measuring system, in addition, the utility model installs ultrasound using Embedded method
Wave transducer, protects ultrasonic transducer probe, effectively improves its antijamming capability and reliability.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the utility model embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art
In required for the accompanying drawing that uses be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only of the present utility model
Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, can also basis
These accompanying drawings obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system；
Fig. 2 is the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system ultrasonic transducer probe schematic view of the mounting position；
Fig. 3 is the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind method flow diagram；
Fig. 4 is the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system measuring wind speed principle schematic；
Fig. 5 is that the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system wind direction determines principle schematic；
Fig. 6 constitutes schematic diagram for the hardware of the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system；
Fig. 7 is the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system main circuit structure schematic diagram；
The hardware for the miniature automatic maritime meteorology observation system that Fig. 8 provides for the utility model constitutes schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is the hardware circuit design figure of GPS location subsystem；
Figure 10 is attitude updating subsystem hardware circuit design drawing；
Figure 11 is that temperature measures subsystem hardware circuit design drawing；
Figure 12 is barometric surveying subsystem hardware circuit design drawing；
Figure 13 is relative humidity measurement subsystem hardware circuit design drawing.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in the utility model embodiment is carried out
Clearly and completely describe, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the utility model, rather than whole
Embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are not under the premise of creative work is made
The every other embodiment obtained, belongs to the scope of the utility model protection.
The purpose of this utility model, which is to provide, a kind of can realize while the accuracy of measurement result is ensured and survey wind system
The ultrasound wind system and method for the miniaturization of system.
To enable above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model, feature and advantage more obvious understandable, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and tool
Body embodiment is described in further detail to the utility model.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system, as shown in figure 1, wind measuring system bag
Include：Ultrasonic transducer probe 101,102,103,104, reflecting surface 106, support copper post 107, base 111, top cover 110, change
Energy device installing plate 105, external terminal 112 and circuit board, ultrasonic transducer probe 101,102,103,104 are arranged on circuit
On plate, the Embedded transducer that is arranged on of circuit board for being fixed with four ultrasonic transducer probes 101,102,103,104 is pacified
Fill on plate 105, transducer installing plate can be processed by mould molding or with Digit Control Machine Tool, precision is high, uniformity is good, reflecting surface with
Transducer installing plate constitutes a stable and firm entirety, firm in structure, is unlikely to deform, it is ensured that measurement accuracy.And it is this
Structure design can stop certain sand and dust and sleet, also eliminate measurement structure and be difficult to fix violent with wind speed with signal intensity
Change the influence caused to measurement, make it in structure there is environment more more preferable than correlation ultrasonic wave wind detection method to adapt to energy
Power.
Ultrasonic transducer probe is transceiver, the class that the remained shock time is short, receiving sensitivity is high and radiation directivity is weak
Type, it, which launches pulse, has certain lobe width, to ensure that ultrasonic signal reliablely and stablely can be launched and receive, ultrasound
The performance indications of wave transducer probe are as shown in Table 1：
The ultrasonic transducer performance indications of table 1
In the ultrasound wind system that the utility model is provided, ultrasonic transducer probe is relative two-by-two, and relative two
Individual ultrasonic transducer probe is one group, and the line between ultrasonic transducer facing each other is designated as into connecting line, the system
At least two groups of connecting line is mutually perpendicular in system, is mutually sent and received between two in every group ultrasonic transducer probe
Ultrasonic signal, in order to ensure that receiving transducer can smoothly receive ultrasonic echo signal, the wave beam of transmitting probe must have one
Fixed width degree, and can not be spot beam.Wind speed is higher, it is desirable to which the exomonental lobe width of ultrasonic transducer probe is bigger.
Support copper post 107 to include four, outside the annulus for being installed on ultrasonic transducer probe phase center composition, protecting
In the case of demonstrate,proving mechanical strength and ultrasound signal transmission angle, support copper post diameter is as far as possible short, and wind is blocked with reducing, and props up
Support copper post not only acts as the effect of fixed reflection surface, and can be by internal each effective other in cascade of circuit board using its conductive characteristic
Together, external cabling is reduced so that overall measurement structure is compact durable.
Top cover 110 is arc surface, sleet is difficult accumulation.
First sensor installing plate 108, first sensor peace are additionally provided between top cover 110 and transducer installing plate 105
GPS module and attitude updating module are installed, the attitude updating module includes three axle geomagnetic sensors, three axles on dress plate 108
Acceleration transducer and three-axis gyroscope, realize ultrasound wind system vacillating now to the left, now to the right, teetertotter, the front and rear dynamic such as stir
Under the conditions of to the compensation data of measured value, to ensure the accuracy, stability and reliability of data.
The upper surface of base 111 is provided with second sensor installing plate 109, second sensor installing plate 109 and is provided with
Temperature sensor, humidity sensor, baroceptor etc., realize the measurement of the ambient signals such as temperature, air humidity, air pressure.
Include power line (VCC) and ground wire (GND) in external terminal 112, it is connected with external power source；Instruct transmitting terminal
(TXD) and data receiver (RXD), it is connected with user's application control platform.
Fig. 2 is the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system ultrasonic transducer probe schematic view of the mounting position, such as
Shown in Fig. 2, the utility model is by taking four ultrasonic transducer probes as an example, and the first ultrasonic transducer probe 101 is with the second surpassing
Acoustic wave transducer probe 102 is oppositely arranged, the 3rd ultrasonic transducer probe 103 and the phase of the 4th ultrasonic transducer probe 104
To setting, mutually sent between the first ultrasonic transducer probe 101 and the second ultrasonic transducer probe 102, receive ultrasound
Ripple signal, mutually sends between the 3rd ultrasonic transducer probe 103 and the 4th ultrasonic transducer probe 104, receives ultrasound
Ripple signal, sets up coordinate system as shown in Figure 2.
"+", "-" two ends represent respective two pins of four ultrasonic transducers respectively in Fig. 2；1., 2., 3., 4. divide
Four ultrasonic transducer transmitting ultrasonic signals Dai Biao not driven and the precedence of ultrasonic echo signal is received；Each straight line
The starting point of bar represents the transmitting terminal of four ultrasonic transducers respectively, and terminal (arrow end) represents four ultrasonic wave transducers respectively
The receiving terminal of device, the direction of vertical element represents the transmission path of ultrasonic signal respectively.The system that the utility model is provided is used
Launch the scheme of several square-wave frequency modulation pulses, in order to both ensure the ultrasonic echo signal amplitude received, shorten again and receive
The ultrasonic echo signal length arrived, will also avoid the occurrence of the ultrasonic signal and ultrasonic waves of driving ultrasonic transducer transmitting
There is overlapping, influence measurement in the ultrasonic echo signal that energy device is received, the ultrasound wind system that the utility model is provided
Each probe single emission pulse number is 15, and pulse amplitude size is 6.5V.
Frequency method is carried out by being received the ultrasonic transducer of transceiver according to transmitting with the wind, launching to receive against the wind
Install, within one section of regular time, driving ultrasonic transducer transmitting ultrasonic pulse signal, the ultrasonic echo signal quilt
Ultrasonic transducer receiving terminal is received, and ultrasonic echo signal is caught by hardware circuit and software program design, and measurement is received
The ultrasonic echo signal frequency arrived, and drive another ultrasonic transducer to launch ultrasonic pulse signal, so as to constitute one
The circulatory system that the transmitting of individual ultrasonic signal and ultrasonic echo signal are received, with the wind with contrary wind under the conditions of, it is super by measurement
The frequency values for the ultrasonic echo signal that acoustic wave transducer is received finally obtain air speed value.Wind direction and ultrasonic propagation direction
When in the same direction, the aerial spread speed of ultrasonic wave is improved, for receiving terminal, compared to it is calm when, the unit interval receives
The number increase of the ripple arrived, the ultrasonic echo signal frequency rise received；When wind direction and reverse ultrasonic propagation direction, surpass
The reduction of sound wave aerial spread speed, for receiving terminal, compared to it is calm when, for the ripple that the unit interval receives
Number is reduced, the ultrasonic echo signal frequency reduction received.
The utility model additionally provides a kind of ultrasonic wave wind detection method, as described in Figure 3, and Fig. 3 is the utility model embodiment
Ultrasound wind method flow diagram：
Step 301：For orthogonal two groups of ultrasonic transducer probes in the system, each ultrasound is obtained
The number of times for the ultrasonic signal that wave transducer is received in the probe unit interval, obtains receives frequency；
Step 302：According to the receives frequency calculation of wind speed：For one group in two groups of ultrasonic transducer probes
Ultrasonic wave transducer is popped one's head in, according to formulaCalculation of wind speed Vx, wherein, c is fast for the propagation of ultrasonic wave
Degree, the incident angle of the reflecting plate in the system, f are mapped to for the ultrasonic wave of transmittingsFor it is calm when ultrasonic transducer probe
The number of times of the ultrasonic wave received in unit interval, frReceived during to survey wind speed in the ultrasonic transducer probe unit interval
The number of times of the ultrasonic wave arrived, VxBy survey wind speed along the ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal in one group of ultrasonic transducer probe to ultrasound
Ripple receives the wind speed component of extreme direction；
For another group of ultrasonic wave transducer probe in two groups of ultrasonic transducer probes, according to formulaCalculation of wind speed Vy, wherein, VyTo be surveyed wind speed along along one group of ultrasonic transducer probe
Ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal to ultrasonic wave receive extreme direction wind speed component；
By the wind speed and the wind speed according to formulaVector modulation is carried out, the surveyed wind is obtained
Speed.
By taking the system with two groups of ultrasonic transducer probe as an example, above method step is described in detail：Two
Group transceiver ultrasonic transducer probe is placed in horizontal plane with orthogonal manner, and two probes in every group of probe are apart L,
By taking one group of probe of X-direction as an example, regulation wind blows as down wind from left to right, and wind blows to be upwind from right to left, it is assumed that super
The angle of beams incident all the way of acoustic wave transducer transmitting is to be along the wind speed in direction, and the aerial spread speed of ultrasonic wave is, nothing
The receives frequency of ultrasonic echo signal is during wind, and ultrasonic propagation velocity is carried out into Orthogonal Decomposition along direction obtains two components
To be propagated with the signal of, corresponding reflecting type ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring system as shown in figure 4, Fig. 4 is that the utility model is real
Apply a ultrasound wind system measuring wind speed principle schematic.
(1) under the conditions of down wind, when ultrasonic transducer probe 104 launches ultrasonic signal, ultrasonic transducer is visited
The first 103 ultrasonic echo signal frequencies received are：
Wind speed when solving down wind is：
(2) under the conditions of upwind, when ultrasonic transducer probe 104 launches ultrasonic signal, ultrasonic transducer is visited
The first 103 ultrasonic echo signal frequencies received are：
Wind speed when solving upwind is：
(3) under the conditions of down wind, when ultrasonic transducer probe 103 launches ultrasonic signal, ultrasonic transducer is visited
The first 104 ultrasonic echo signal frequencies received are：
Wind speed when solving down wind is：
(4) under the conditions of upwind, when ultrasonic transducer probe 103 launches ultrasonic signal, ultrasonic transducer is visited
The first 104 ultrasonic echo signal frequencies received are：
Wind speed when solving upwind is：
(5) similarly, Y-direction wind speed V can be tried to achievey。
(6) using the method for orthogonal synthesis, by VxAnd VyPlane wind speed V is synthesized, is produced：
(7) wind direction D is obtained.The ultrasonic echo signal frequency size received according to corresponding ultrasonic transducer can be sentenced
Disconnected wind direction, as figure 5 illustrates, Fig. 5 is the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind to the relation between specific wind speed and direction and frequency
System wind direction determines principle schematic.
Fig. 6 constitutes schematic diagram for the hardware of the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system, as shown in fig. 6, system
Hardware is main by micro-controller subsystem, work schedule control subsystem, ultrasonic echo signal processing subsystem, signal decision
Subsystem and the part of user's application control platform five composition.Wherein, micro-controller subsystem includes micro controller module, power supply mould
Block, serial communication modular and debugging interface module, the function of mainly realizing include the drive control of ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic wave
The collection and processing and the communication between user's application control platform of echo-signal；Work schedule control subsystem includes super
Acoustic signals launch driving circuit module, ultrasonic echo signal receiving channel ON-OFF control circuit module, four ultrasonic waves
The ultrasonic signal transmitting-receiving modular converter of energy device composition, the function of mainly realizing is the work shape for controlling four ultrasonic transducers
State and work schedule；Ultrasonic echo signal processing subsystem includes level Four filter amplification circuit module, the function of mainly realizing
Be the raw ultrasound signals of output are amplified, filtering process, signal decision subsystem is exactly mainly comparator module, will
Ultrasonic echo signal after filter and amplification carries out data conversion by comparator and delivers to microcontroller, and microcontroller is carried out
ADC samplings judge and pulse input is caught, and measure the ultrasonic echo signal frequency received and calculation of wind speed wind direction.In addition,
System supports serial communication, and microcontroller passes through Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (Universal Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter, USART) data transfer to user's application control can be put down
Platform is preserved, and is easy to later data analysis and processing.
Fig. 7 is the utility model embodiment ultrasound wind system main circuit structure schematic diagram, as shown in fig. 7, ultrasonic wave
Transmission signal control line 701 (4)：Microcontroller driving 101,102,103 and 104 4 ultrasonic transducer transmitting ultrasonic waves
Signal；Analog selection switching channels control line 702 (4)：Microprocessor control Multipexer selecting switch respective channel is beaten
It is open and close；Ultrasonic echo signal transmission line 703 (4)：After Multipexer selecting switch respective channel is opened, by ultrasound
Ripple echo-signal switchs respective channel by 74HC4051 analog selections and is transferred in follow-up filter amplification circuit；Filter and amplification is believed
Number sampling monitoring line 704 (4)：Microcontroller judges super by AD sampling monitoring ultrasonic echo signal filter and amplification effects
Whether acoustic wave transducer receives ultrasonic echo signal；Data, which are sent, receives line 705 (2)：For microcontroller with it is upper
Data communication is carried out between machine；Software download and hardware debugging interface line 706 (2)：For debugging routine code.
The circulation sequential of ultrasonic transducers work one of programme-control four is as follows：
Microcontroller launches that 15 continuous, frequency is by driven by program ultrasonic transducer probe 101 (ET1)
40KHz, peak-to-peak value are the square-wave signal that 0~+3.3V, dutycycle are 50%, and ultrasonic transducer ET2 receives ultrasonic echo
Signal, while EN ends output low level is controlled, A ends output high level, B ends output low level, C-terminal output low level, connection
X1-X passages, allow ultrasonic echo signal to be output to subsequent conditioning circuit by X ends, and ADC samplings are carried out first and judge ultrasonic wave
Transducer probe 102 (ET2) receives ultrasonic echo signal, is then turned on input capture port and rising edge of a pulse is carried out
Catch, counted while opening clock pulse counter, 4 rising edges of continuous capturing are caught 2 times altogether, are read and are caught thing
Clock pulses numerical value when part occurs, is designated as T1And T2, then the frequency of a pulse be
T=(T2-T1)/4
This ultrasonic echo signal frequency, which can be tried to achieve, is
f2=4/ (T2-T1)
Microcontroller launches that 15 continuous, frequency is by driven by program ultrasonic transducer probe 102 (ET2)
40KHz, peak-to-peak value are the square-wave signal that 0~+3.3V, dutycycle are 50%, and ultrasonic transducer probe 101 (ET1) receives super
Sound echo signal, while controlling EN ends output low level, A ends output low level, B ends output low level, C-terminal exports low electricity
It is flat, X0-X passages are connected, ultrasonic echo signal is output to subsequent conditioning circuit by X ends, similarly, this ultrasound can be tried to achieve
Ripple echo-signal frequency f1；
Microcontroller launches that 15 continuous, frequency is by driven by program ultrasonic transducer probe 103 (ET3)
40KHz, peak-to-peak value are the square-wave signal that 0~+3.3V, dutycycle are 50%, and ultrasonic transducer probe 104 (ET4) receives super
Sound echo signal, while controlling EN ends output low level, A ends output high level, B ends output high level, C-terminal exports low electricity
It is flat, X3-X passages are connected, ultrasonic echo signal is output to subsequent conditioning circuit by X ends, similarly, this ultrasound can be tried to achieve
Ripple echo-signal frequency f4；
Microcontroller launches that 15 continuous, frequency is by driven by program ultrasonic transducer probe 104 (ET4)
40KHz, peak-to-peak value are the square-wave signal that 0~+3.3V, dutycycle are 50%, and ultrasonic transducer probe 103 (ET3) receives super
Sound echo signal, while controlling EN ends output low level, A ends output low level, B ends output high level, C-terminal exports low electricity
It is flat, X2-X passages are connected, ultrasonic echo signal is output to subsequent conditioning circuit by X ends, similarly, this ultrasound can be tried to achieve
Ripple echo-signal frequency f3；
When one working cycles is completed, sequence control counter progressively increases 1 time simultaneously, and counter is amounted to and is added to 100 times
When, that is, program execution time about 3 seconds or so (according to beach observation criteria (GB/T 14916-2006) require：Per 3s
Collection once, is used as instantaneous wind speed and corresponding wind direction), respectively to measuring obtained each 100 f in program inner buffer1, f2,
f3, f4Software arithmetic mean value filtering is carried out, using frequency method, Vector modulation is carried out to data, wind speed and direction value is tried to achieve as wink
When wind speed and corresponding wind direction, carry out arithmetic mean value filtering, i.e.,
Wherein, XiFor measured value, N is measurement number, and Y is instantaneous wind speed value.The advantage of this software filtering algorithm is
The general signal with random noise is filtered, feature is that gained signal is one average after arithmetic mean of instantaneous value filter method
Value, floats near some number range.Arithmetic average filter method depends entirely on N values to the smothing filtering degree of signal
Size, N values are larger, and smoothness is high, and sensitivity is low, i.e. influence of the change of measurement signal to result of calculation Y is small；N values are smaller,
Smoothness is low, and sensitivity is high, i.e. influence of the change of measurement signal to result of calculation Y is big.Concrete condition should be regarded and choose N values, this
The selected N values of system are 100, have reached both few occupancy calculating time, the purpose for preferable measurement accuracy of getting back.
The hardware for the miniature automatic maritime meteorology observation system that Fig. 8 provides for the utility model constitutes schematic diagram, such as Fig. 8 institutes
Show, the hardware of miniature automatic maritime meteorology observation system is main to measure subsystem, barometric surveying subsystem by subsystem, temperature
System, relative humidity measurement subsystem, relative wind velocity wind direction measurement subsystem, attitude updating subsystem and user's application control platform
Seven parts are constituted.Wherein, subsystem includes micro controller module, power module, serial communication modular and debugging interface mould
Block；Temperature measurement subsystem mainly includes DIE Temperature and measures component and its peripheral circuit；Barometric surveying subsystem is mainly wrapped
Include core barometric surveying component and its peripheral circuit；Relative humidity measurement subsystem mainly includes core relative humidity measurement member
Device and its peripheral circuit；Relative wind velocity wind direction measuring system mainly includes ultrasonic transducer group module, Multipexer and selected
Switch module, level Four filter amplification circuit module, voltage comparator circuit module and its peripheral circuit etc.；Attitude updating subsystem master
To include three axle geomagnetic sensors, 3-axis acceleration sensor, three-axis gyroscope and GPS communication module and its peripheral circuit etc..
Subsystem and relative wind velocity wind direction measurement subsystem pass through universal serial bus (Inter-Integrated Circuit, IIC)
Link together, simplify signal transmission bus interface, realize the efficient real-time Transmission of data.In addition, system supports serial ports
Communication, subsystem passes through Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
Receiver and Transmitter, USART) data transfer to user's application control platform can be preserved, just
In later data analysis and processing.
Fig. 9 is the hardware circuit design figure of GPS location subsystem, as shown in figure 9, miniature automatic maritime meteorology observation station
The GPS module that GPS location subsystem is selected is the VK1616U7G5L of Wei Ke communication apparatus Co., Ltd of Shenzhen, its profile chi
Very little is the long 16mm* high 6.5mm of wide 16mm*, and module operating temperature is -40 DEG C -+85 DEG C.Positioning performance is horizontal level precision<
2.5m, bit rates<0.1m/s, orientation<0.5 °, time service precision 30ns.Average cold start-up time 29s, average startup temperature
Time 28s, average thermal starting time 1s.
Each label declaration is as follows in GPS location subsystem circuit design drawing：
(1) the enable control line 902 (1) of the GPS module of VK1616U7G5L models：By programme-control microcontroller,
Whether the corresponding control line traffic control GPS module for enabling GPS module works；
(2) data send 902, receive line 903：By programme-control microcontroller, realize microcontroller and GPS module it
Between data and instruction communications；
(3) active antenna control line 904 (1)：Input for receiving external active aerial signal.
Figure 10 is attitude updating subsystem hardware circuit design drawing, as shown in Figure 10, miniature automatic maritime meteorology observation station
Attitude updating subsystem be mainly used in realizing miniature automatic meteorological observing station vacillating now to the left, now to the right, teetertotter, front and rear stir
The compensation data of relative wind velocity wind direction measured value under dynamic condition, to ensure the accuracy, stability and reliability of data, enters
And obtain true wind speed and direction.Use monarch and please the high-precision inertial navigation module JY-901 of intelligence control.Its inside is mainly integrated with three
Axle geomagnetic sensor, 3-axis acceleration sensor, three-axis gyroscope.Inside modules are integrated with attitude algorithm device, using advanced
Dynamic Kalman's digital filtering technique, can be accurate under the dynamic condition of miniature automatic meteorological observing station, real-time, defeated at high speed
Go out its current pose.Its appearance and size is the high 2mm of the wide 15.24mm* of long 15.24mm*.Measurement dimension is 3-dimensional acceleration, 3-dimensional angle
Speed, 3-dimensional magnetic field, 3-dimensional angle, range is acceleration：± 16g, angular speed：± 2000 °/s, angle：±180°.Resolution ratio is
Acceleration：6.1*10-5G, angular speed：7.6*10-3° /s.Measurement accuracy is acceleration：0.01g, 0.05 °/s of angular speed, posture
Precision is 0.01 °.
JY-901 modules can connect MCU by serial ports or IIC interfaces, and micro controller module is defeated by serial data here
Enter/output interface and JY-901 modules enter row data communication.Specific wind speed and direction modification method is as follows：
Two groups of transceiver ultrasonic transducer probes are placed in horizontal plane with X-Y orthogonal manners, and two in every group of probe
Individual probe is at a distance of being L, by taking one group of probe of X-direction as an example, and regulation wind blows as down wind from left to right, wind blow from right to left for
It is upwind.Assuming that being V by the wind speed V wind speed being decomposed into X direction during horizontal stationaryx, it is V along the wind speed of Y-directiony.Ultrasonic wave
Aerial spread speed is c, and ultrasonic propagation velocity c is carried out into Orthogonal Decomposition along X-Y directions obtains two components for cx
And cy.The angle of beams incident all the way of ultrasonic transducer transmitting is α, and carrier inclined angle is θ, then under motion state, wind direction
Angle with ultrasonic transducer launching beam is α1, the angle of wind direction and reflected beam is α2, then
α1=α+θ
α2=α-θ
When then with the wind, true wind speed
V′x=(cx+Vx)·cosα1
V′y=(cy+Vy)·cosα2
Using the method for orthogonal synthesis, by V 'xAnd V 'yV' is synthesized, is produced：
Figure 11 is that temperature measures subsystem hardware circuit design drawing, as shown in figure 11, miniature automatic maritime meteorology observation station
Temperature measurement subsystem in core component be negative temperature coefficient (Negative temperature coefficient,
NTC) thermistor.Main circuit includes the essence collectively formed by differential amplifier circuit module and operation amplifier circuit module
Cipher telegram current source circuit module, NTC type thermistors, fixed value resistance, signal amplification circuit module, A/D sample circuits module and micro-
Controller circuitry module etc..Concrete operating principle and measuring method are as follows：
(1) voltage output that NTC thermistor is varied with temperature is measured, i.e. the voltage difference at NTC thermistor two ends is
Δ V=IR
Wherein, Δ V is the magnitude of voltage that NTC thermistor is varied with temperature, the output current that I provides for Precision Current Component
Value, R is NTC thermistor value.
(2) obtaining the magnitude of voltage through the amplification of signal amplification circuit module is
V=Δs VA=IRA
Wherein, V is the magnitude of voltage after Δ V amplifies through operational amplifier, and A is the multiplication factor of operational amplifier.
(3) reference voltage of design A/D sample circuit modules is
Vref=IR0
Wherein, VrefFor the A/D sampling A/D chip reference voltage levels of selection, R0For high-precision definite value resistance value.
(4) measuring the numerical value obtained after being changed through A/D sampling A/D chips is
Dout=Ain/Vref·2N=V/Vref·2N
Wherein, AinIt is input to the analog value of A/D sampling A/D chips, DoutTo be output to micro-control after being changed through A/D sampling A/D chips
The digital quantity value of device module processed, N is the digit of A/D sampling A/D chips.
(5) more than simultaneous equations four formula, constitute equation group, and abbreviation is obtained,
Dout=R/R0·A·2N
(6) corresponding relation varied with temperature according to the formula after simplification and NTC thermistor value, you can try to achieve corresponding
Temperature value T.
(7) the ultrasonic propagation velocity c and temperature T relational expression in air are utilized：C=c0+ 0.0607T try to achieve by
Ultrasonic propagation velocity c after temperature-compensating, wherein, c0For 0 DEG C when ultrasonic wave aerial spread speed 331.4m/s, T
For actual temperature, unit for DEG C.
Figure 12 is barometric surveying subsystem hardware circuit design drawing, as shown in figure 12, miniature automatic maritime meteorology observation station
Barometric surveying subsystem in core component be BOSCH companies BMP280 micro pressure sensors, it belongs to pressure resistance type
Pressure sensor, size is small, low in energy consumption, and precision is high, and the linearity is good, can work steadily in the long term.Its appearance and size is length
The high 0.95mm of the wide 2.0mm* of 2.5mm*, barometric surveying scope is 300-1100hPa, and operating temperature is -40-+85 DEG C, operating voltage
For 1.2-3.6V, Mean Time Measurement is 5.5 milliseconds, and absolute measurement precision is (warm in the range of pressure value 950-1050hPa
Under the conditions of 0-+40 DEG C of angle value) ± 1hPa, relative measurement error for (in the range of pressure value 950-1050hPa, 25 DEG C of temperature value
Under the conditions of) ± 0.12hPa, temperature survey resolution ratio be 0.01 DEG C, pressure measxurement resolution ratio be 0.01hPa (<10cm), average electricity
Stream loss be 2.74 μ A, in a sleep mode average current loss be 0.1 μ A, tc compensation for (+25-+40 DEG C,
Under the conditions of 900hPa) ± 0.12hPa, communicate as IIC interfaces or Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (Serial Peripheral
Interface, SPI).
It is as follows that barometric surveying subsystem uses each label declaration in the SPI communication mode of 4 lines, Figure 12：
(1)CSB(Chip select)：Chip selects or makes energy line 121；
(2)SDI(Serial datainput)：Serial data in line 122；
(3)SDO(Serial data output)：Serial data out line 123；
(4)SCK(Serial clock input)：Serial clock input line 124.
Figure 13 is relative humidity measurement subsystem hardware circuit design drawing, as shown in figure 13, and miniature automatic maritime meteorology is seen
Core component in the relative measurement subsystem of survey station is the relative humidity sensor chip SHT15 of Sensirion companies, it
Be it is a have general calibration, low-power consumption the features such as, and can long time stability operation high-precision digital relative humidity survey
Quantity sensor chip.Its relative humidity measurement scope is 0%-100%RH, and measurement accuracy is 2%, and operating voltage is 3.3V, work
Make temperature range for -40-+123.8 DEG C, the response time is 8s.
It is as follows that relative humidity measurement subsystem uses each label declaration in IIC communication modes, Figure 13：
(1)DATA(Serial Data)：Serial data transmission line 131, it is two-way；
(2)SCK(Serial Clock)：Serial clock control line 132, unidirectionally.
The ultrasonic wave that the ultrasound wind system and method that the utility model is provided are received using ultrasonic transducer is returned
Ripple signal frequency difference measures corresponding wind speed, without the accurate due in for judging ultrasonic echo signal, can shorten
The distance between ultrasonic transducer is received and dispatched, the miniaturization of whole wind measuring system is realized.
The embodiment of each in this specification is described by the way of progressive, and what each embodiment was stressed is and other
Between the difference of embodiment, each embodiment identical similar portion mutually referring to.
Specific case used herein is set forth to principle of the present utility model and embodiment, above example
Explanation be only intended to help and understand method of the present utility model and its core concept；Simultaneously for the general technology of this area
Personnel, according to thought of the present utility model, will change in specific embodiments and applications.In summary,
This specification content should not be construed as to limitation of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of ultrasound wind system, it is characterised in that the system includes：
Ultrasonic transducer probe, the ultrasonic transducer probe is used to launching and receiving the pulse with setting lobe width
Signal, the quantity of the ultrasonic transducer probe is multiple, and the ultrasonic transducer probe is oppositely arranged two-by-two, described two
Two two ultrasonic transducer probes being oppositely arranged are one group, and the line between ultrasonic transducer facing each other is designated as
At least two groups of connecting line is mutually perpendicular in connecting line, the system, two ultrasonic transducer probes in described every group
Between mutually send and receive ultrasonic signal；
Circuit board, the ultrasonic transducer probe is fixed on the circuit board, and the circuit board is installed in embedded mode
On transducer installing plate；
Reflecting surface, the reflecting surface is oppositely arranged with the ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic transducer probe in described each group
The ultrasonic wave sent after the reflection of the reflecting surface can by with the ultrasonic transducer probe with another in group
Ultrasonic wave transducer probe receive, moreover, be merely able to by with the ultrasonic transducer probe with another ultrasonic wave transducer in group
Probe is received.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the geometric center of the ultrasonic transducer probe is located at same
On one circumference, the quantity of the ultrasonic transducer probe is four, respectively the first ultrasonic transducer probe, the second ultrasound
Wave transducer probe, the 3rd ultrasonic transducer probe and the 4th ultrasonic transducer probe, first ultrasonic transducer
Probe is oppositely arranged with second ultrasonic transducer probe, the 3rd ultrasonic transducer probe and the described 4th ultrasound
Wave transducer probe is oppositely arranged, and the first connecting line and the second connecting line are perpendicular, and first connecting line the first surpasses to be described
The line that acoustic wave transducer is popped one's head between second ultrasonic transducer probe, second connecting line three surpasses for described the
The line that acoustic wave transducer is popped one's head between the 4th ultrasonic transducer probe.
3. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the system also includes：
Copper post is supported, the support copper post is located between base and the transducer installing plate, for fixing the reflecting surface, branch
Support transducer installing plate；
Top cover, is provided with first sensor installing plate, the first sensor between the top cover and the transducer installing plate
GPS module and attitude updating module are installed on installing plate；
External terminal, the terminals include power line, ground wire, instruction transmitting terminal and data receiver, the power line and
Ground wire is used to be connected with external power source, and the instruction transmitting terminal and the data receiver are used for and user's application control platform
It is connected.
4. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the system also includes base, the upper surface of the base
Being provided with the sensor installed on second sensor installing plate, the second sensor installing plate includes temperature sensor, humidity
Sensor and baroceptor.
5. system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that control system, the control are provided with the circuit board
System includes micro controller module, work schedule control module, ultrasonic echo signal processing module and signal judge module, institute
State micro controller module respectively with the work schedule control module, the signal judge module to be connected, the work schedule
Control module is connected with the ultrasonic echo signal processing module, the ultrasonic echo signal processing module and the letter
Number judge module is connected.
6. system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the work schedule control module is sent out including ultrasonic signal
Penetrate drive circuit submodule, ultrasonic echo signal receiving channel ON-OFF control circuit submodule, ultrasonic transducer, the work
Make working condition and work schedule that time-sequence control module is used to control ultrasonic transducer.
7. system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the ultrasonic echo signal processing module is put including filtering
Big circuit submodule, the filter amplification circuit submodule is of coupled connections by four first-order bandpass filter amplifiers and formed, described
Ultrasonic echo signal processing module to ultrasonic signal for being amplified, filtering process.
8. system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the signal judge module includes comparison circuit submodule,
The signal judge module is used to the ultrasonic echo signal after filter and amplification carrying out data conversion by comparator and delivered to
Microcontroller.
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| CN201621294714.9U CN206515360U (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | A kind of ultrasound wind system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106483327A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-03-08 | 国家海洋技术中心 | A kind of ultrasound wind system and method |
| CN111458050A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-28 | 国家海洋技术中心 | Temperature profile fine measurement sensor for sea air interface water boundary layer |
-
2016
- 2016-11-30 CN CN201621294714.9U patent/CN206515360U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106483327A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-03-08 | 国家海洋技术中心 | A kind of ultrasound wind system and method |
| CN106483327B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2023-01-31 | 国家海洋技术中心 | Ultrasonic wind measuring system and method |
| CN111458050A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-28 | 国家海洋技术中心 | Temperature profile fine measurement sensor for sea air interface water boundary layer |
| CN111458050B (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2021-11-09 | 国家海洋技术中心 | Temperature profile fine measurement sensor for sea air interface water boundary layer |
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