CN206459686U - Encoder - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of encoder includes scale element, signal sensing device, signal processor and switch.Signal sensing device is used to the periodic change in physical properties that scale element is sensed according to the relative motion between signal sensing device and scale element, to export electric signal.Signal processor is electrically connected at signal sensing device and is used to be calculated and outgoing position signal according to electric signal.Switch is electrically connected at signal processor, to switch between multiple switch position.Signal processor read switch position, to export corresponding position signalling according to the position of the switch.

Description

Encoder

Technical field

The utility model content is on a kind of encoder, and especially with regard to a kind of adjustable encoder.

Background technology

In existing encoder architecture, it is hard that a kind of encoder position resolution specification corresponds to a kind of specific encoder Part structure.For example, it is typically to coordinate different gratings to realize that the different optical profile type of resolution, which compiles rock device,.Therefore, encoder After assembling production is completed, also it is only capable of meeting specific resolution specification application, it is impossible to change it under the premise of not heavy industry Resolution specification.

Consequently, it is possible to which the application of terminal user will be limited simultaneously, it is impossible to made by the encoder of single machine For in various applications.Therefore, existing encoder how is improved, actually the important research topic in this area.

Utility model content

One aspect of the utility model content is a kind of encoder.Encoder comprising a scale element, a signal sensing device, One signal processor and a switch.Signal sensing device is used to according to the relative motion between signal sensing device and scale element, The periodic change in physical properties of scale element is sensed, to export an electric signal.Signal processor is electrically connected at signal sense Device is surveyed to be calculated according to electric signal and export a position signalling.Switch is electrically connected at signal processor, to be opened in multiple Switch between off position.Signal processor read switch position, to export corresponding position signalling according to the position of the switch.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the scale element includes a magnetic air type scale element, an optical profile type scale element or one Image-type scale element.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the magnetic air type scale element includes an at least pole pair.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the optical profile type scale element includes a rotary-type code-disc, the signal sensing device and the rotation Relative motion between transition code-disc is rotary motion.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the optical profile type scale element includes the linear chi of a linear pattern, and the signal sensing device is with being somebody's turn to do Relative motion between straight line Linear chi is linear motion.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the switch includes a rotary switch, scale-type switch or a slipping switch.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the signal processor optionally exports A/B phase signals, Z according to the position of the switch Phase Zero position signal, or U/V/W three-phase signals are used as the position signalling.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the signal processor is adjusted according to the position of the switch in the position signalling of its output The resolution of the A/B phase signals, the output based version of the Z phase Zero position signals, the width of the Z phase Zero position signals, the Z phases The phase relation of Zero position signal and the A/B phase signals, or the U/V/W three-phase signals periodicity.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, when the position of the switch is in a zero point setting position, the signal processor is to set Zeroing position.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, further include：

One adjustment knob of one shell, the wherein switch is exposed to the shell；

One circuit board, wherein the signal sensing device, the signal processing unit and the switch are arranged on the circuit board；And

The circuit board is coated and the circuit board is adhesively fixed with the shell by one filling colloid, the filling colloid.

Another aspect of the utility model content is a kind of encoder.Encoder includes a scale element, a signal sensing Circuit includes signal sensing device and the first signal processor, secondary signal processor and a switch.Signal sensing device is used to According to the relative motion between signal sensing device and scale element, the periodic change in physical properties of the scale element is sensed, To export an electric signal.First signal processor is electrically connected at signal sensing device.Switch is used to switch between multiple positions. Secondary signal processor is electrically connected at switch and the first signal processor, to read switch position to export a communication signal To the first signal processor so that the first signal processor is calculated according to electric signal and communication signal and exported corresponding to switch position The position signalling put.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the scale element includes a magnetic air type scale element, an optical profile type scale element or one Image-type scale element.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the magnetic air type scale element includes an at least pole pair.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the optical profile type scale element includes a rotary-type code-disc, the signal sensing device and the rotation Relative motion between transition code-disc is rotary motion.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the optical profile type scale element includes the linear chi of a linear pattern, and the signal sensing device is with being somebody's turn to do Relative motion between straight line Linear chi is linear motion.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the switch includes a rotary switch, scale-type switch or a slipping switch.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the signal processor optionally exports A/B phase signals, Z according to the position of the switch Phase Zero position signal, or U/V/W three-phase signals are used as the position signalling.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, the signal processor is adjusted according to the position of the switch in the position signalling of its output The resolution of the A/B phase signals, the output based version of the Z phase Zero position signals, the width of the Z phase Zero position signals, the Z phases The phase relation of Zero position signal and the A/B phase signals, or the U/V/W three-phase signals periodicity.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, when the position of the switch is in a zero point setting position, the signal processor is to set Zeroing position.

Above-mentioned encoder, wherein, further include：

One adjustment knob of one shell, the wherein switch is exposed to the shell；

One circuit board, the wherein signal sensing circuit, the secondary signal processing unit and the switch are arranged at the circuit board On；And

The circuit board is coated and the circuit board is adhesively fixed with the shell by one filling colloid, the filling colloid.

Relative to prior art, its effect is encoder of the present utility model, passes through outside switch adjustment output parsing Degree, to cover various applications and can be switched fast, without carrying out significantly hardware modifications.Further, since same encoder Application expands, then the machine number produced just can be greatly decreased with the material and component kind that use, reduction production system Make, sell and the cost and complexity of stock control.In addition, dead-center position can be in being set again after encoder installation It is fixed, and dead-center position can be set again at any time so that the installation of encoder is with using upper more easy, elasticity.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the encoder according to depicted in the utility model content section Example.

Fig. 2A is the mode chart of the electric signal according to depicted in the utility model content section Example.

Fig. 2 B are the mode chart of the position signalling according to depicted in the utility model content section Example.

Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the schematic diagram of the encoder according to depicted in the utility model content section Example.

Fig. 5~Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the encoder according to depicted in the utility model content other parts embodiment.

Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B are respectively the outer of the magnetic air type encoder according to depicted in the utility model content section Example See structural representation and cross-sectional view.

Wherein, reference

100th, 100a, 100b, 500a, 500b, 500c encoder

110th, 110a, 510a scale element

110b, 510b code-disc

The linear chis of 510c

112b, 512b, 512c light source

120 signal sensing devices

120a, 522a magnetic measuring sensor

120b, 522b, 522c photodetector

130th, 524a, 524b, 524c, 530 signal processors

140th, 540 switch

520a, 520b, 520c signal sensing circuit

800 encoders

810 magnetites

820 rotary shafts

830 clutch shaft bearings

840 second bearings

850 encoder bodies

860 circuit boards

862 magnetic measuring sensors

864 signal processing units

866 switches

870 encoder shells

880 filling colloids

890 electric wires

VS1 electric signals

VS2 communication signals

OS position signallings

Embodiment

Hereafter institute's accompanying drawings are coordinated to elaborate for embodiment, to more fully understand the aspect of this case, but provided Embodiment simultaneously is not used to limit the scope that this exposure is covered, and the description of structure operation is not used to limit the order of its execution, Any structure reconfigured by element, it is produced with it is equal the effects such as device, be all the scope that this exposure is covered.This Outside, according to the standard and practice of industry, schema is mapped only for the purpose of aid illustration not according to full size, actually The size of various features arbitrarily can increase or decrease to illustrate.Similar elements will be with identical symbol mark in the description below Show to illustrate in order to understanding.

In full piece specification and word (terms) used in claim, in addition to having and especially indicating, generally have With the usual meaning in special content in the content that each word use is disclosed in this area, at this.It is some to describe this The word of exposure by it is lower or this specification other places discuss, to provide those skilled in the art in the description about this exposure Upper extra guiding.

In addition, word "comprising", " comprising ", " having ", " containing " etc. used in herein, are open Term, that is, mean " including but not limited to ".In addition, used herein " and/or ", comprising one or more in associated listed items Any one and its all combination of individual project.

In this article, when an element is referred to as " connecting " or when " coupling ", can refer to " electric connection " or " electric property coupling ". " connection " or " coupling " also can be used to represent to be collocated with each other operation between two or multiple element or interactive.In addition, although make herein With " first ", " second " ... wait term to describe different elements, the term be only distinguish with constructed term describe member Part or operation.Indicated unless context understands, otherwise order or cis-position are not especially censured or implied to the term, is also not used to limit Determine the utility model content.

It refer to Fig. 1.Fig. 1 is the signal of the encoder 100 according to depicted in the utility model content section Example Figure.For example, encoder 100 can be rotary encoder (Rotary Encoder) or linear encoder, will rotate position Put or the position on rotation amount or straight line or shift length are converted into analog or digital signal output, apply in motor, instrument Precise position information is provided among machine to be controlled.

As shown in figure 1, in some embodiments, encoder 100 includes scale element 110, signal sensing device 120, signal Processor 130 and switch 140.In structure, signal sensing device 120 produces the thing of relative motion with sensing scale element 110 Manage variable quantity.Signal processor 130 is electrically connected at signal sensing device 120.Switch 140 is electrically connected at signal processor 130.

For example, in some embodiments, scale element 110 can include magnetic air type scale element, optical profile type scale member Part or image-type scale element.Magnetoresistive sensor, the light that signal sensing device 120 can include corresponding to the type of scale element 110 are examined Survey device (Photo Detector, PD) or CIS (Image Sensor), such as common photosensitive coupling element (Charge Coupled Device, CCD).For example, the selection of magnetoresistive sensor can be Hall effect (Hall Effect) sensor, magneto-resistance effect (Magneto Resistance, MR) sensor, giant magnetoresistance effect (Giant Magneto Resistance, GMR) sensor, tunneling magnetoresistance (Tunneling Magneto Resistance, TMR) sensor etc..

Scale element 110 can produce the relative motion relative to signal sensing device 120, and relative motion is, for example, rotation or straight Line style is moved.Consequently, it is possible to which signal sensing device 120 just can sense periodic physics of the scale element 110 based on relative motion Characteristic variations, and this change in physical properties is converted into electric signal VS1 exported to signal processor 130.

For example, in some embodiments, scale element 110 includes rotary-type code-disc.Signal sensing device 120 is with carving The relative motion spent between element 110 is rotary motion.With the rotation of rotary-type code-disc, the light letter that scale element 110 is exported Number, magnetic signal or signal of video signal just there is cyclically-varying.Thereby, signal sensing device 120 just can be by the periodicity sensed Change is converted to corresponding electric signal VS1.

In addition, in other parts embodiment, scale element 110 includes straight line Linear chi.Signal sensing device 120 is with carving The relative motion spent between element 110 is linear motion.With the translational movement of straight line Linear chi, scale element 110 is exported Magnetic signal, optical signal or signal of video signal etc. just there is cyclically-varying.Thereby, signal sensing device 120 just will can be sensed To cyclically-varying be converted to corresponding electric signal VS1.The various specific embodiments of scale element 110 will be in subsequent paragraph Middle corresponding schema of arranging in pairs or groups is described in detail.

Signal processor 130 can receive the electric signal VS1 of the output of signal sensing device 120, and be calculated according to electric signal VS1 And outgoing position signal OS.Thereby, the just exportable position signalling OS of encoder 100, so that subsequent conditioning circuit judges motor rotation Positional information, or determine whether position and rotating speed of motor rotation etc..

Switch 140 is used to switch between multiple switch position.In some embodiments, switch 140 can include rotary type Switch.For example, switch 140 can be 16 sections of rotary switch.The different position of the switch are turned to by switching knob, are opened Close 140 can by electrically conduct (ON) with electrically turn off (OFF) two kinds of different electrical property states be used as coding, enter with the two of four yards System coding 0000,0001,0010 ..., 1111 represent 16 sections of corresponding position of the switch.In other parts embodiment, switch 140 also can be comprising scale-type switch or slipping switch, and its concrete operations is similar to rotary switch, therefore does not lie in this and repeat.

Thereby, signal processor 130 just can decode opening for read switch 140 by the electrical property state of above-mentioned this 16 kinds combinations Off position, to export corresponding position signalling OS according to the position of the switch.

In addition, when the position of the switch for switching 140 is in zero point setting position set in advance, signal processor 130 can To set dead-center position.Specifically, the step of setting zero point is as follows.

First, encoder 100 is installed in board equipment, board equipment is adjusted to corresponding mechanism dead-center position simultaneously And it is fixed.Then, the switch 140 in encoder 100 is adjusted to zero point setting position (such as：The position of the switch 0).Then, again Open the power supply of encoder 100.Now signal processor 130 read switch 140 the position of the switch be zero point setting position after, Just the angular position information of readable signal processor 130, and by the zero point position in angular positional value write signal processor 130 Put among internal memory.Thereby, encoder 100 just can note down mechanism dead-center position to the zero point of encoder 100.

Please also refer to Fig. 2A and Fig. 2 B.Fig. 2A is the electric signal according to depicted in the utility model content section Example VS1 mode chart.Fig. 2 B are the mode chart of the position signalling OS according to depicted in the utility model content section Example.Fig. 2A With in mode chart depicted in Fig. 2 B, transverse axis is mechanical angle, and the longitudinal axis is voltage.For convenience and for the sake of clear explanation, Tu2AYu Depicted wave mode is to coordinate embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 to illustrate in Fig. 2 B, but is not limited.

As shown in Figure 2 A, in some embodiments, signal sensing device 120 can be according to things such as the optics, magnetic sensed The reason change mutually orthogonal sine wave (as painted solid line in Fig. 2A) of output is used as electric with cosine wave (as dotted line is painted by institute in Fig. 2A) Signal VS1.

As shown in Figure 2 B, in some embodiments, signal processor 130 can be calculated the electric signal VS1 received Processing carries out the dividing processing of thin portion, the A/B phase signals of output coder 100 to obtain the positional information of angle.Citing comes Say, the A phases in A/B phase signals export (as painted dotted line in Fig. 2A) exported with B phases (as in Fig. 2 B paint solid line) each other for just Output is handed over, phase difference is 90 degree.

Specifically, the position of the switch coding of switch 140 can be read in signal processor 130, with according to corresponding switch position Put the resolution of A/B phase signals in the position signalling OS of its output of adjustment.In some embodiments, resolution can be with encoder 100 individual pen umber of pulse (Pulses Per Revolution, PPR) shows, i.e. its rotation is turned around (i.e.：360 degree) when can export Square wave number.When A phases and B phases all export 600 square waves for example when rotation is turned around, then the resolution of AB phase signals is 600。

In other words, signal processor 130 can be set according to the corresponding resolution in the position of the switch of switch 140, be adjusted one The square wave number of output in cycle.For example, the definable position of the switch 0 of encoder 100 sets for dead-center position, the position of the switch 1 Set for resolution 1024PPR, position 2 sets for resolution 512PPR ... etc., by that analogy.Thereby, encoder 100 just may be used By switching 140 switching between multiple positions, the setting of dead-center position and the different resolutions of 15 kinds of adjustment is advantageously set.Tool For body, the step of setting resolution is as follows.

First, the position of the switch for switching 140 is adjusted to the corresponding code position of the resolution to be set.Then, again Open the power supply of encoder 100.Now signal processor 130 is read behind the position of the switch of switch 140, just can be according to fixed in advance The resolution arrived corresponding to the position of the switch of justice, exports the position signalling OS of corresponding resolution.

Consequently, it is possible to just can complete encoder 100 resolution setting so that encoder 100 can among different application, By the outside adjustment output resolution of switch 140, to cover various applications and can be switched fast, without carrying out significantly Hardware modifications.Further, since same application of encoder 100 expands, then the machine number produced and the material used and Component kind just can be greatly decreased, and reduction is manufactured, the cost and complexity of sale and stock control.In addition, zero point position Putting can again be set after the installation of encoder 100, and can set dead-center position again at any time so that encoder 100 Installation with using upper more easy, elastic.

In addition, in some embodiments, in addition to the A/B phase signals of orthogonal output, signal processor 130 also may be used Z phase Zero position signals are optionally exported according to the position of the switch of switch 140, or U/V/W three-phase signals are used as position signalling OS。

Consequently, it is possible to which encoder 100 can also set Z phase dead-center positions in addition to setting the resolution of A/B phase signals The output based version of signal, the width of Z phase Zero position signals, or realize that the resolution of U/V/W three-phase signals sets to meet The magnetic pole logarithm of the applications such as brushless direct-current (Brushless DC, BLDC) motor.For example, according to the different position of the switch, Encoder 100 can set the resolution of three kinds of different A/B phase signals (for example：1024PPR, 512PPR, 256PPR), and The periodicity of five kinds of different U/V/W three-phase signals is (for example：2PPR、3PPR、4PPR、5PPR、6PPR).Thereby, same volume Code device only need to by easily switch adjustment can just provide 15 kinds A/B phase signals and U/V/W three-phase signals resolution and Periodicity is combined alternatively (such as：3 kinds of resolutions are multiplied by 5 kinds of periodicities), it is brushless straight with respective poles logarithm to coordinate Flow motor.

In summary, in each not be the same as Example, signal processor 130 can adjust A/B phase signals according to the position of the switch Resolution, the output based version of Z phase Zero position signals, the width of Z phase Zero position signals, Z phases Zero position signal and A/B The phase relation of phase signals, or U/V/W three-phase signals periodicity etc..

It refer to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the encoder according to depicted in the utility model content section Example 100a, 100b schematic diagram.In Fig. 3, Fig. 4, the similar components relevant with Fig. 1 embodiment are represented with the same references In order to understand, and the concrete principle of similar components is described in detail in previous paragraph, if not have with Fig. 3, Fig. 4 interelement There is Collaboration relation and necessity person of introduction, repeated no more in this.

In some embodiments, encoder 100a scale element 110a is magnetic air type scale element.As shown in figure 3, carving Degree element 110a can be used as encoder 100a code-disc comprising the circular flat magnetite of single pole pair.When rotary shaft rotation During the mechanical angle of one 360 degree of circle, code-disc and signal sensing device are (such as：Magnetic measuring sensor 120a) between relative motion produce magnetic letter Number source will produce the signal intensity of a cycle, but the utility model content is not limited thereto.In other embodiments, scale Magnet ring code-disc that element 110a can also be magnetized using the multipair magnetic pole of magnetic air type (for example rotation, which is turned around, 4,8,16 periods) come Obtain signal source.Correspondingly, in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, magnetic measuring sensor 120a as signal sensing device to export electric signal VS1。

In some embodiments, encoder 100b scale element is optical profile type scale element.As shown in figure 4, scale is first Part can be optical profile type, for example, can include the rotary code-disc 110b of optical application.Encoder 100b further includes light source 112b, light Source 112b penetrates the code-disc 110b printing opacities scale or pattern alternate with light tight region, and photodetector 120b can be received periodically The light source 112b appeared from code-disc 110b transparent area is as sensing signal.Correspondingly, in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, light is detected Device 120b is as signal sensing device to export electric signal VS1.In some embodiments, rotary code-disc also can for it is reflective with it is not anti- Light region alternate scale or pattern, light source are then configured between rotary code-disc and photodetector, and remaining start principle is with before State light-penetrating type configuration similar, illustrate in the lump.

For example, light source 112b can be LED/light source, when LED/light source is transmitted through the multicycle (example being fixed in rotary shaft Such as：256th, 512 or 1024 periodicity) code-disc 110b when, the change of periodic light energy will be produced.Photodetector 120b connects After the change for receiving light energy, electric signal VS1 is just converted thereof into.For example, photodetector 120b can be by series resistance, will The photoelectric current produced in photodetector 120b corresponding to light energy changes into voltage signal output.

In various embodiments, scale element also can using various optical profile types multicycle transmission-type or reflective code-disc, Gear, rack, grid, mesh or multicycle metal structure etc. obtain signal source.

It refer to Fig. 5~Fig. 7 Fig. 7.Fig. 5~Fig. 7 Fig. 7 is according to depicted in the utility model content other parts embodiment Encoder 500a, 500b, 500c schematic diagram.It is relevant with Fig. 1, Fig. 3 Fig. 3, Fig. 4 embodiment in Fig. 5~Fig. 7 Fig. 7 Similar components represent in order to understand with the same references, and the concrete principle of similar components is detailed in previous paragraph Illustrate, if not there is Collaboration relation and necessity person of introduction with Fig. 5~Fig. 7 Fig. 7 interelement, repeated no more in this.

As shown in figure 5, in some embodiments, encoder 500a can using as the magnetic measuring sensor 522a of signal sensing device and Signal processor 524a is integrated into signal sensing circuit 520a, and the operation for the magnetic air type scale element 510a that arranges in pairs or groups so that magnetic strength Survey the week that device 522a senses scale element 510a according to the relative rotary motion between magnetic measuring sensor 522a and scale element 510a The heat treatment of phase property is to export electric signal VS1 to signal processor 524a.

Compared with Fig. 3 embodiment illustrated in fig. 3, encoder 500a further includes signal processor 530 in the present embodiment.In knot On structure, signal processor 530 is electrically connected at switch 540 and signal processor 524a, the position of the switch to read switch 540 With outputting communication signal VS2 to signal processor 524a.Thereby, signal processor 524a just can be according to electric signal VS1 and communication Signal VS2 is calculated and is exported the position signalling OS of the position of the switch corresponding to switch 540.

Specifically, the position of the switch of switch 540 can be read in signal processor 530, and by corresponding A/B phase signals Resolution or dead-center position setting value write signal processor 524a, make signal processor 524a export corresponding position letter Number OS.Specifically, the step of resolution is set in embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 is as follows.

First, the position of the switch for switching 540 is adjusted to the resolution code position to be set.Then, volume is reopened Code device 500a power supply.The position of the switch of the first read switch 540 of the now meeting of signal processor 530 simultaneously carries out differentiating corresponding volume Code, and according to the position of the switch pre-defined and the relation of resolution, corresponding resolution is set into code and believed by communicating In number VS2 write signal processors 524a.For example, communication signal VS2 can include Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI), bus (INTER IC BUS, I2C) or UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter between IC (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, UART) etc. various types of signal.

In addition, in some embodiments, behind the position of the switch of the read switch 540 of signal processor 530, can first differentiate out Whether off position changes.If the position of the switch changes, then performs follow-up write activity.Relatively, if the position of the switch does not change, Directly terminate flow, can thereby reduce the number of times for being repeatedly written signal processor 524a.Consequently, it is possible to phase described in previous paragraph Seemingly, signal processor 524a just can export corresponding position signalling OS according to the corresponding resolution that arrives, its particular content in Previous paragraph is described in detail, is repeated no more in this.

It refer to Fig. 6.As shown in fig. 6, compared with embodiment illustrated in fig. 5, in other parts embodiment, encoder 500b It can be realized using optical profile type scale element, and will be whole as the photodetector 522b and signal processor 524b of signal sensing device It is combined into signal sensing circuit 520b so that photodetector 522b is according to photodetector 522b and scale element, such as code-disc 510b Between relative rotary motion, sensing code-disc 510b periodic changes in optical properties is to export electric signal VS1 at signal Manage device 524b.The optical profile type code-disc 510b of the present embodiment and the rotary code-disc 110b structures disclosed in the embodiment of earlier figures 4 or Operating principle is similar, and collocation light source 512b structure or operating principle are also similar, therefore are repeated no more in this.

It refer to Fig. 7 Fig. 7.As shown in Fig. 7 Fig. 7, compared with embodiment illustrated in fig. 6, in other parts embodiment, coding Optical profile type scale element 510c in device 500c can also use straight line Linear chi, and the light source 512c that arranges in pairs or groups.In the present embodiment, Photodetector 522c and signal processor 524c are integrated into signal sensing circuit 520c.Photodetector 522c is according to photodetector Linear relative movement between 522c and scale element 510c, sensing scale element 510c periodic changes in optical properties with Export electric signal VS1 to signal processor 524c.

For example, using the scale element of straight line Linear chi, such as linear chi 510c screen periods pitch can be 20μm.Corresponding resolution can be set as 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, 0.4 μm, 0.8 μm etc. according to the position of the switch, to respectively obtain 200 times, 100 times, 50 times, 25 times of segmentation multiplying power.In some embodiments, light source 512c also can be with signal sensing circuit 520c, signal processor 530 and switch 540 are integrated into optics ruler reading head.

In summary, for signal sensing device and signal processor are integrated into signal sensing circuit 520a~520c's Encoder 500a~500c, also can be by setting extra signal processor 530 to connect outside signal sensing circuit 520a~520c The position of the switch of switch 540 is received, and appropriate function or resolution are set by write signal sensing circuit by communication signal VS2 In signal processor 524a~524c in 520a~520c so that encoder 500a~500c is applicable to different application and worked as In, position signalling OS of the output with corresponding function and resolution.

For encoder 100a, 500a of the clear above-mentioned magnetic air type framework of explanation apparatus structure, Fig. 8 A and figure refer to 8B.Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B are respectively the outward appearance of the magnetic air type encoder 800 according to depicted in the utility model content section Example Structural representation and cross-sectional view.As shown in Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B, magnetic air type encoder 800 includes magnetite 810, rotation Rotating shaft 820, clutch shaft bearing 830, second bearing 840, encoder body 850, circuit board 860, magnetic measuring sensor 862, signal transacting Unit 864, switch 866, encoder shell 870, filling colloid 880, electric wire 890.

In structure, magnetite 810 is fixed in rotary shaft 820.Rotary shaft 820 is by clutch shaft bearing 830 and second bearing 840 are linked with encoder body 850, and can produce relative rotary motion with encoder body 850.Magnetic measuring sensor 862 is consolidated It is close to sense the magnetic flux that magnetite 810 rotates and produce due to the opposite side on circuit board 860, being arranged at corresponding magnetite 810 Degree changes and is converted into electric signal with the signal processing unit 864 on input circuit plate 860.

Switch 866 is fixedly installed on circuit board 860, wherein the adjustment knob of switch 866 is exposed to encoder shell 870 Outside, available for rapidly 866 positions of adjustment switch, to change the resolution of the outgoing position signal OS described in previous paragraph With the setting of dead-center position etc..In some embodiments, switch 866 is waterproof and dustproof structure.For example, switch 866 can be Meet the switch element of IP64 in foreign matter degree of protection (Ingress Protection Rating, IP Rating).

Circuit board 860 and its element above, comprising elements such as magnetic measuring sensor 862, signal processing units 864, by filling out Colloid 880 is filled to be adhesively fixed in the inner space of encoder shell 870 with encoder shell 870.In addition, filling colloid 880 is more Element to coating circuit plate 860 and its above, and the part of inside is arranged in electric wire 890 so that encoder shell 870th, after circuit board 860, magnetic measuring sensor 862, signal processing unit 864, switch 866 are constituted with electric wire 890, formation possesses waterproof The part of dust-proof grade.Consequently, it is possible to which in some embodiments, encoder 800 just can have high resistance to greasy dirt, resistance to aqueous vapor and resistant Thing particle etc. protective capacities is contaminated, can be used under various environmental conditions.

Magnetic measuring sensor 862, signal processing unit 864, the concrete operations for switching the elements such as 866 in magnetic air type encoder 800 Describe in detail, therefore repeated no more in this in previous Fig. 1~Fig. 3 embodiment.It is worth noting that, implementing in other parts In example, magnetic measuring sensor 862 can also be replaced by the signal sensing circuit 520a described in preceding embodiment, to realize institute in Fig. 5 The encoder 500a illustrated.

As more than encoder 100 depicted in each schema, 100a, 100b, 500a, 500b, 500c, shown in 800, Scale element in the utility model content can have a variety of different implementations, according to the signal source of different physical principles with And corresponding signal sensing device implementation.As long as scale element has a periodic change in physical properties, and with signal sensing device it Between produce relative motion, signal sensing device just exportable corresponding electric signal.For example, can with periodic physical characteristic For the magnetism such as magnetic flux density, magnetic field intensity and/or magnetic capacity characteristic, light penetrating coefficient, luminous reflectivity, light refractive index And/or the optical characteristics such as light energy distribution, or the image such as coating geometric pattern, electrode figure line and/or metal geometric pattern is special Property, but be not limited thereto.For example, signal source and corresponding signal sensing device can also pass through induction type, condenser type, electricity Sense formula etc. various ways are realized.

Corresponding to above-described physical characteristic, scale element can be by the magnetite of single pole pair, multipole to the magnetic that magnetizes Bar or magnet ring, the code-disc of optical profile type multicycle transmission or reflection and/or straightedge rule, optical grating code-disc, optical grating chi, tooth Wheel, rack, the metal code disk and/or straightedge rule that have multicycle etch structures, the printed circuit board (PCB) for having multicycle metal-layer structure Realized with having the different elements such as the metal of multicycle structure.

In addition, in the above-described embodiments, signal processor 130,524a~524c, 530 can be by microcontroller (Microcontroller Unit, MCU), digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), complexity Type programmable logic element (Complex Programmable Logic Device, CPLD) and/or field programmable lock The various ways implementations such as array (Field-programmable gate array, FPGA).

In above-mentioned content, exemplary step is included.But this little step is not necessarily sequentially performed.In this implementation The step of mentioned in mode, in addition to its bright order person is especially chatted, its tandem can be adjusted according to being actually needed, or even can be same When or part simultaneously execution.

It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, in the utility model content each schema, embodiment and embodiment In feature can be mutually combined with circuit.Depicted circuit is merely illustrative in schema is used, simplify so that interest of clarity simultaneously Readily appreciate, and be not used to limit this case.

Although the utility model content is disclosed above with embodiment, so it is not limited in the utility model Hold, any those skilled in the relevant technical field, it is each when that can make in the spirit and scope for not departing from the utility model content Plant and change with retouching, but these change and retouching should be all contained in the protection domain of the utility model appended claims.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of encoder, it is characterised in that include：

One scale element；

One signal sensing device, according to the relative motion between the signal sensing device and the scale element, to sense scale member The periodic change in physical properties of part, to export an electric signal；

One signal processor, is electrically connected at the signal sensing device, a position signalling is calculated and exported according to the electric signal； And

One switch, is electrically connected at the signal processor, to switch between multiple switch position, wherein the signal processor The position of the switch is read, to export the corresponding position signalling according to the position of the switch.

2. encoder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the scale element includes a magnetic air type scale element, a light Formula scale element or an image-type scale element.

3. encoder as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the magnetic air type scale element includes an at least pole pair.

4. encoder as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the optical profile type scale element includes a rotary-type code-disc, should Relative motion between signal sensing device and the rotary-type code-disc is rotary motion.

5. encoder as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the optical profile type scale element includes the linear chi of a linear pattern, Relative motion between the signal sensing device and the straight line Linear chi is linear motion.

6. encoder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the switch is switched comprising a rotary switch, a scale-type Or a slipping switch.

7. encoder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the signal processor is optionally defeated according to the position of the switch Go out A/B phase signals, Z phase Zero position signals, or U/V/W three-phase signals are used as the position signalling.

8. encoder as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the signal processor adjusts its output according to the position of the switch The position signalling in the resolutions of the A/B phase signals, the output based version of the Z phase Zero position signals, Z phases dead-center position letter Number width, the phase relation of the Z phases Zero position signal and the A/B phase signals, or the U/V/W three-phase signals periodicity.

9. encoder as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that, should when the position of the switch is in a zero point setting position Signal processor is to set dead-center position.

10. encoder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that further include：

One adjustment knob of one shell, the wherein switch is exposed to the shell；

One circuit board, wherein the signal sensing device, the signal processing unit and the switch are arranged on the circuit board；And

The circuit board is coated and the circuit board is adhesively fixed with the shell by one filling colloid, the filling colloid.

11. a kind of encoder, it is characterised in that include：

One scale element；

One signal sensing circuit, comprising：

One signal sensing device, according to the relative motion between the signal sensing device and the scale element, to sense scale member The periodic change in physical properties of part, to export an electric signal；And

First signal processor, is electrically connected at the signal sensing device；

One switch, to switch between multiple switch position；And

Secondary signal processor, is electrically connected at the switch and first signal processor, to read the position of the switch with defeated Go out a communication signal to first signal processor so that first signal processor is according to the electric signal and the communication signal meter Calculate and export the position signalling corresponding to the position of the switch.

12. encoder as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that the scale element includes a magnetic air type scale element, one Optical profile type scale element or an image-type scale element.

13. encoder as claimed in claim 12, it is characterised in that the magnetic air type scale element includes an at least pole pair.

14. encoder as claimed in claim 12, it is characterised in that the optical profile type scale element includes a rotary-type code-disc, Relative motion between the signal sensing device and the rotary-type code-disc is rotary motion.

15. encoder as claimed in claim 12, it is characterised in that the optical profile type scale element is linear comprising a linear pattern Chi, the relative motion between the signal sensing device and the straight line Linear chi is linear motion.

16. encoder as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that the switch is opened comprising a rotary switch, a scale-type Close or a slipping switch.

17. encoder as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that the signal processor according to the position of the switch optionally A/B phase signals, Z phase Zero position signals are exported, or U/V/W three-phase signals are used as the position signalling.

18. encoder as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that it is defeated that the signal processor adjusts its according to the position of the switch The resolution of the A/B phase signals, the output based version of the Z phase Zero position signals, the Z phase dead-center positions in the position signalling gone out The phase relation of the width of signal, the Z phases Zero position signal and the A/B phase signals, or the U/V/W three-phase signals cycle Number.

19. encoder as claimed in claim 18, it is characterised in that when the position of the switch is in a zero point setting position, The signal processor is to set dead-center position.

20. encoder as claimed in claim 11, it is characterised in that further include：

One adjustment knob of one shell, the wherein switch is exposed to the shell；

One circuit board, the wherein signal sensing circuit, the secondary signal processing unit and the switch are arranged on the circuit board；With And

The circuit board is coated and the circuit board is adhesively fixed with the shell by one filling colloid, the filling colloid.