High efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device
Technical field
The utility model is related to the electric power system of high-voltage alternating equipment.
Background technology
Existing high-voltage alternating equipment except directly using high-voltage ac power, it is necessary to separately power be generally mains-supplied,
Self-powered, the sensing class mode of power taking 3 is powered;Mains-supplied is used for the large scale equipment big to power consumption and powered, it is necessary to set defeated
Electric line in use to have inconvenience more;It is self-powered that solar-electricity is generally added by chemical primary cell power supply, or chemical secondary cell
Pond or wind-power electricity generation combination, primary cell power supply needs periodic replacement battery, once have with secondary cell leakage with high temperature
The danger of blast, the material that battery drain goes out is conductive, can cause the danger of high-voltage electric power system short circuit;Sense power taking straight
Connect and electric energy is absorbed from ultra-high-tension power transmission line, be specifically divided into 2 kinds of electric current sensing power taking and electric field induction power taking, electric current sensing power taking
Using current transformer principle, the electric current absorbed in the magnetic field produced from transmission line of electricity in electric energy, ultra-high-tension power transmission line is unstable,
The electric energy that electric current hour is obtained is also small, or even takes less than electricity, the problem of having magnetic core overheat when electric current is big, and electric current sensing power taking is obtained
Electric energy it is very unstable.
Electric field induction power taking utilizes tablet(As 1 in Fig. 1)It in the segregated capacitive of itself, with three-phase high-voltage transmission line of electricity
The high-pressure side being connected all the way(As 2 in Fig. 1)Voltage difference is formed, in this, as original power, the power supply feature is open-circuit voltage
Height, equal to phase voltage, short circuit current flow is relevant with high-pressure side voltage-to-ground height with tablet profile, is a minimum numerical value, leads to
Often in several μ A or tens of μ A orders of magnitude;Original power passes through rectification circuit(As 3 in Fig. 1)Rectification is carried out, electricity is flowed by times afterwards
Road, i.e. rectification circuit(As 3 in Fig. 1)The circuit at rear portion, carries out decompression and flow increasing, and circuit theory is as follows:
Rectification circuit(As 3 in Fig. 1)The DC current of output passes through charging diode(As 11~13 in Fig. 1)It is connected in series
Storage capacitor(As 14~17 in Fig. 1), storage capacitor(As 14~17 in Fig. 1)The capacity of every is equal, and storage capacitor is entered
Row serial connection charge, rear class capacitance energy storage electric capacity(As 17 in Fig. 1)Voltage exceedes bidirectional trigger diode(As 19 in Fig. 1)Turnover electricity
During pressure, controllable silicon(As 20 in Fig. 1)It is triggered, forms heavy-current discharge, original power output current ability is extremely low, and voltage is drawn
It is low, storage capacitor(As 14~17 in Fig. 1)Pass through discharge diode(As 5~10 in Fig. 1)Controllable silicon is passed through with parallel way(Such as
20 in Fig. 1), current-limiting resistance(As 21 in Fig. 1)To final stage energy storage filter capacitor(As 22 in Fig. 1)Discharged, discharge current subtracts
It is small to arrive controllable silicon(As 20 in Fig. 1)When maintaining electric current, controllable silicon cut-off, circuit recharge process;By foregoing times of current circuit work
How many make principle to understand, times current circuit single-unit accumulator(As 4 in Fig. 1), with regard to the decompression and flow increasing energy of how many corresponding multiplying power
Number of diodes has been reduced in power, wherein head and the tail single-unit accumulator.
Load is obtained peak power, load must be matched with source impedance, load impedance is equal to source impedance, electricity
The power output end of field sensing power taking is tablet(As 1 in Fig. 1)With high-pressure side(As 2 in Fig. 1), source impedance is tablet
(As 1 in Fig. 1)Segregated capacitive, is pure capacitive reactances, and load impedance is rectification circuit(As 3 in Fig. 1)Times stream electricity being attached thereto
Road and late-class circuit, its C-V characteristic can be considered as pure resistance, be a nonlinear resistance, and times current circuit plays impedance transformer and made
With when the capacitive impedance of power supply is equal with the resistive impedance loaded, the voltage for loading 2 ends is moved by the capacitive impedance of power supply
Mutually influence, 45 ° of phase leading current phase, corresponding voltage value is power supply U × sin45 °, it is defeated for common 10kV line voltages
Electric line, tablet(As 1 in Fig. 1)To high-pressure side(As 2 in Fig. 1)Voltage is phase voltage 5.8kV, reaches that desired impedance is matched
When, load the kV of voltage=5.8kV × sin45=4.1 at 2 ends.
With the load circuit that current circuit output end is connected again, Typical operating voltages are 5V or 3.3V, times current circuit output
Output voltage is held to be less than bidirectional trigger diode(As 19 in Fig. 1)Break over voltage, about 20V, common load circuit are also needed to
Decompression is realized by the mu balanced circuit voltage higher to current circuit output end again, times current circuit flows ability for 4 times again(Such as Fig. 1)
When, tablet(As 1 in Fig. 1)With high-pressure side(As 2 in Fig. 1)Output voltage be 20V × 4=80V, also not include mu balanced circuit
The power loss caused, voltage 4.1kV deviates greatly when 80V is matched from desired impedance, and this causes electric field induction way to take power
Power taking is extremely inefficient, and output electric energy is minimum;Increase single-unit accumulator in times current circuit(As 4 in Fig. 1)Joint number can be improved again
Stream ability, times stream ability and single-unit accumulator(As 4 in Fig. 1)Joint number is directly proportional, and the method can dramatically increase circuit volume, electricity
Field sensing electricity getting device is on high-tension line, and volume crosses conference harm becoming attached to property of high-tension apparatus, is especially set installed in high pressure
When standby internal, single-unit accumulator in increase times current circuit(As 4 in Fig. 1)Joint number improves a times method for stream ability and is extremely limited.
The tablet of electric field induction way to take power(As 1 in Fig. 1)When shape is fixed with position, energy value and the height of acquirement
Pressure side(As 2 in Fig. 1)Voltage-to-ground is relevant, the line voltage association in direct ratio of the voltage and transmission line of electricity, the line of transmission line of electricity
Voltage is extremely stablized, therefore the electric energy that electric field induction way to take power is obtained extremely is stablized.
The content of the invention
High-tension electric energy is converted into the electric energy of low-voltage, Switching Power Supply has the excellent of efficiency high and circuit small volume
Gesture, but Switching Power Supply cannot be used in electric field induction electricity getting device, and the oscillating circuit included in Switching Power Supply has with sample circuit
Fixed power consumption, causes no-load current, minimum 150 μ A, DC-DC the type switch of AD-DC types switch power supply no-load consumption electric current
The minimum 20 μ A of power supply no-load consumption electric current, even if Switching Power Supply can be used in electric field induction electricity getting device reluctantly, its zero load disappears
It is low that power consumption stream also results in circuit energy conversion efficiency.
The utility model is transformed existing Switching Power Supply oscillating circuit, is cancelled sample circuit, is made switch power supply no-load
Electric current is greatly reduced, and can be used to be depressured in electric field induction electricity getting device;Circuit block diagram is shown in Fig. 2(Such as Fig. 2), accumulator
(As 4 in Fig. 2)Simplest form is that the single pole of storage capacitor 2 is connected in parallel on rectification circuit(As 3 in Fig. 2)The pole of output end 2, separately
A kind of form is to use many storage capacitors(As 14~17 in Fig. 1)With commutation diode(As 11~13 and 5~10 in Fig. 1)
According in background technology times of current circuit(Such as Fig. 1)In mode connect, with electronic switch(As 6 in Fig. 2)Form times current circuit, storage
Can electric capacity(As 14~17 in Fig. 1)Charge path charges for series system, and discharge path discharges for parallel way, during electric discharge etc.
Effect capacitance is all storage capacitor capacity sums, and during using many storage capacitors, the capacity of each storage capacitor can not phase
Together, its quantity is generally 2~4;Accumulator(As 4 in Fig. 2)During using single storage capacitor, Schmidt trigger(Such as Fig. 2
In 5)Input connects storage capacitor positive pole, accumulator(As 4 in Fig. 2)During using many storage capacitors, Schmidt trigger
(As 5 in Fig. 2)Input connects final stage storage capacitor positive pole, Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)Output end connects electronic switch
(As 6 in Fig. 2)Control pole, reduction voltage circuit(As 7 in Fig. 2)The electronic switch that input passes through series connection(As 6 in Fig. 2)With energy storage
Circuit(As 4 in Fig. 2)Connection, mu balanced circuit(As 8 in Fig. 2)With reduction voltage circuit(As 7 in Fig. 2)Output end is connected, reduction voltage circuit
(As 7 in Fig. 2)With line buck circuit(As 4 in Fig. 3)With parallel reduction voltage circuit(As 4 in Fig. 4)2 types;Load
If adapting to reduction voltage circuit(As 7 in Fig. 2)Output voltage, then without mu balanced circuit(As 8 in Fig. 2).
Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)To electronic switch(As 6 in Fig. 2)Control mode is, with accumulator(Such as Fig. 2
In 4)The Schmidt trigger being connected(As 5 in Fig. 2)Input terminal voltage is higher than Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)Forward direction
During threshold voltage, Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)Control electronic switch(As 6 in Fig. 2)Closure, accumulator(As in Fig. 2
4)Voltage is less than Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)During negative sense threshold voltage, Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)Control electronics
Switch(As 6 in Fig. 2)Disconnect, electronic switch(As 6 in Fig. 2)Control pole needs the type cooperation of high level closure is noninverting to apply close
Special trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)Use, electronic switch(As 6 in Fig. 2)The type that control pole needs low level to close coordinates anti-phase apply
Schmitt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)Use.
Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)High pressure diac can be used(As 1 in Fig. 5,6)With differential concatenation
Voltage-regulator diode(As 2 in Fig. 5,6)Constitute, this two kinds of devices are not limited in actual use and constitute Schmidt trigger(Such as Fig. 2
In 5), as bidirectional trigger diode can also replace high pressure diac(As 1 in Fig. 5,6), high pressure diac(As schemed
5th, 1 in 6)Trigger voltage adds voltage-regulator diode(As 2 in Fig. 5,6)Breakdown reverse voltage is Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)'s
Forward threshold voltage, voltage-regulator diode(As 2 in Fig. 5,6)Breakdown reverse voltage is Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)Negative sense
Threshold voltage.
Electronic switch is voltage-controlled device such as metal-oxide-semiconductor(As 3 in Fig. 5), high pressure diac(As 1 in Fig. 5), it is steady
Press diode(As 2 in Fig. 5), resistance(As 4,5 in Fig. 5)Connected mode is as shown in Figure 5(Such as Fig. 5), high-voltage energy storage capacitor(As schemed
6 in 5)Voltage exceedes high pressure diac(As 1 in Fig. 5)Trigger voltage and voltage-regulator diode(As 2 in Fig. 5)Reverse breakdown electricity
When pressing sum, high pressure diac(As 1 in Fig. 5)Conducting, resistance 4(As 4 in Fig. 5)Play metering function, resistance 5(As in Fig. 5
5)Play partial pressure, make metal-oxide-semiconductor(As 3 in Fig. 5)There is grid voltage, metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting, high-voltage energy storage capacitor(As 6 in Fig. 5)It is right
Reduction voltage circuit(As 7 in Fig. 5)Discharged, work as high-voltage energy storage capacitor(As 6 in Fig. 5)Voltage is dropped to close to voltage-regulator diode
(As 2 in Fig. 5)During breakdown reverse voltage, high pressure diac is flowed through(As 1 in Fig. 5)Electric current be less than maintain electric current, high pressure
Diac(As 1 in Fig. 5)Cut-off, resistance 5(As 5 in Fig. 5)Quickly metal-oxide-semiconductor(As 3 in Fig. 5)Posted between grid and source electrode
The electric charge of raw electric capacity storage is bled off, metal-oxide-semiconductor(As 3 in Fig. 5)Cut-off, high-voltage energy storage capacitor(As 6 in Fig. 5)Recover charging process.
Electronic switch is current control device such as triode(As 3 in Fig. 6), high pressure diac(As 1 in Fig. 6)、
Voltage-regulator diode(As 2 in Fig. 6), resistance(As 4 in Fig. 6)Connected mode is as shown in Figure 6(Such as Fig. 6), high-voltage energy storage capacitor(As schemed
5 in 6)Voltage exceedes high pressure diac(As 1 in Fig. 6)Trigger voltage and voltage-regulator diode(As 2 in Fig. 6)Reverse breakdown electricity
When pressing sum, high pressure diac(As 1 in Fig. 6)Conducting, resistance 4(As 4 in Fig. 6)Metering function is played, makes triode(As schemed
3 in 6)There is base current, triode ON, high-voltage energy storage capacitor(As 5 in Fig. 6)To reduction voltage circuit(As 6 in Fig. 6)Put
Electricity, works as high-voltage energy storage capacitor(As 5 in Fig. 6)Voltage is dropped to close to voltage-regulator diode(As 2 in Fig. 6)During breakdown reverse voltage,
Flow through high pressure diac(As 1 in Fig. 6)Electric current be less than maintain electric current, high pressure diac(As 1 in Fig. 6)Cut-off,
Triode(As 3 in Fig. 6)Base current disappears, triode(As 3 in Fig. 6)Cut-off, high-voltage energy storage capacitor(As 6 in Fig. 5)Recover
Charging process.
Reduction voltage circuit(As 7 in Fig. 2)There is tandem(As 4 in Fig. 3)With it is parallel(As 4 in Fig. 4)2 kinds, effect is handle
Accumulator(As 4 in Fig. 2)By electronic switch(As 6 in Fig. 2)Closure disconnects the high-voltage pulse electric energy formed and is filtered into repeatedly
The electric energy of low voltage constant;Step-down transformer(As 2 in Fig. 4)Can also be auto-transformer, step-down transformer(As 2 in Fig. 4)Work
Make in normal shock and flyback state, also need in output circuit add afterflow inductance and the pole of afterflow two when being operated in normal shock state
Pipe;Accumulator(As 4 in Fig. 2)Input voltage virtual value should be greater than 80V, otherwise can cause high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device
Power taking inefficiency, no practical value can be by setting Schmidt trigger(As 5 in Fig. 2)Forward threshold voltage and negative sense
Threshold voltage is realized.
Mu balanced circuit(As 8 in Fig. 2)Simplest form is to be connected anti-parallel in reduction voltage circuit to filter with voltage-regulator diode
Storage capacitor(As 3 in Fig. 3,4)2 ends, mu balanced circuit(As 8 in Fig. 2)It can also be three linear voltage-stabilized power supplies or DC-DC switches
Power supply.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing electric field induction way to take power circuit theory diagrams, and 1 is tablet, and 2 be high-pressure side, and 3 be rectification circuit, 4
It is discharge diode for single-unit accumulator in current circuit again, 5~10,11~13 be charging diode, and 14~17 be energy storage electricity
Hold, 18 be current-limiting resistance, and 19 be bidirectional trigger diode, and 20 be controllable silicon, and 21 be current-limiting resistance, and 22 be final stage energy storage filtered electrical
Hold.
Fig. 2 is high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device circuit block diagram, and 1 is tablet, and 2 be high-pressure side, and 3 be rectification
Circuit, 4 be accumulator, and 5 be Schmidt trigger, and 6 be electronic switch, and 7 be reduction voltage circuit, and 8 be mu balanced circuit.
Fig. 3 is line buck circuit, and 1 is fly-wheel diode, and 2 be afterflow inductance, and 3 be in filtering storage capacitor, square frame 4
Element is complete line buck circuit.
Fig. 4 is parallel reduction voltage circuit, and 1 is commutation diode, and 2 be step-down transformer, and 3 be filtering storage capacitor, square frame 4
Interior element is complete parallel reduction voltage circuit.
Fig. 5 is the typical circuit that electronic switch is voltage-controlled device metal-oxide-semiconductor in high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device
Figure, 1 is high pressure diac, and 2 be voltage-regulator diode, and 3 be metal-oxide-semiconductor, and 4,5 be resistance, and 6 be high-voltage energy storage capacitor, and 7 be decompression
Circuit.
Fig. 6 is the typical circuit that electronic switch is current control device triode in high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device
Figure, 1 is high pressure diac, and 2 be voltage-regulator diode, and 3 be triode, and 4 be resistance, and 5 be high-voltage energy storage capacitor, 6 decompression electricity
Road.
Fig. 7 is the road symmetrical serial application of high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device 2, and 1,2 be that the power taking of high efficiency electric field induction is filled
Put, 3 be P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor, and 4 be N-channel MOS pipe.
Fig. 8 is the series connection application of high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device, and 1,2 be packet power supply, and 3,4 be high-voltage energy storage capacitor.
Embodiment
High-voltage energy storage capacitor(As 6 in Fig. 5)(As 5 in Fig. 6)Type of device is usually that the nonpolarity high frequency of Low dark curient is good
Electric capacity, commutation diode(As 1 in Fig. 4)Type of device is usually Schottky diode, preferably synchronous rectifier, afterflow inductance
(As 2 in Fig. 3)Type of device is usually sendust core inductance, filters storage capacitor(As 3 in Fig. 3,4)Type of device is usually
Electrochemical capacitor, preferably Large Copacity ferroelectric ceramic material electric capacity.
The high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device that the utility model is provided can be used in series, and make up single electronic switch
(As 6 in Fig. 2)Pressure-resistant deficiency, symmetrical serial application typical circuit is shown in Fig. 7(Such as Fig. 7), high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device 1
(As 1 in Fig. 7)The electronic switch that low level is closed, such as P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor or the pole of positive-negative-positive three are needed using control pole
Pipe, coordinates anti-phase Schmidt trigger, and the high pressure diac being such as connected with negative pole constitutes anti-phase apply with voltage-regulator diode
Schmitt trigger, high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device 2(As 2 in Fig. 7)The electronic cutting that high level is closed is needed using control pole
Close, such as N-channel MOS pipe or NPN type triode, coordinate noninverting Schmidt trigger, the height being such as connected with positive pole
Diac is pressed to constitute noninverting Schmidt trigger with voltage-regulator diode;2 tunnel high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting devices 1,2
(As 1,2 in Fig. 7)In high-voltage energy storage capacitor be accumulator series connection, output end series connection can make overall input voltage improve 1
Times.
Another mode that is used in series of high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device is to use parallel reduction voltage circuit(As in Fig. 4
4), it is grouped power supply 1,2(As 1,2 in Fig. 8)In high-voltage energy storage capacitor(As 3,4 in Fig. 8)That is accumulator(As 4 in Fig. 2)String
Connection, is grouped power supply 1,2(As 1,2 in Fig. 8)The different winding primary coils of output end connection transformer, reach electrical isolation effect,
Or packet power supply 1,2(As 1,2 in Fig. 8)Output end connects different transformers, realizes electrical isolation, different transformer output ends
After rectifying and wave-filtering in parallel or in series;This, which is used in series mode and is grouped power supply, is not limited to 2 groups, can be more multigroup, makes overall input
Voltage is higher.
The high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device that the utility model is provided can allow high-pressure side(As 2 in Fig. 2)With tablet
(As 1 in Fig. 2)Magnitude of voltage more than 1500V, the magnitude of voltage depends on electronic switch(As 6 in Fig. 2)Pressure voltage, with packet power supply
Group grouping number, the magnitude of voltage is much larger than high-pressure side when being used only times current circuit in the prior art(As 2 in Fig. 1)With tablet
(As 1 in Fig. 1)80V voltages, electric field induction power taking load is analyzed with source impedance matching principle in background technology, higher
Step-down ratio can bring more preferable impedance matching effect, in summary, the utility model provide high efficiency electric field induction power taking
The electric energy of device intake, there is 1~3 order of magnitude lifting compared with the prior art.
The high efficiency electric field induction electricity getting device that the utility model is provided, available for high-voltage charge display device, wireless temperature measurement
The power supply of sensor, and transmission line online monitoring system sensor power supply.