CN206419609U - A kind of device for improving the anti-Cavitation of industrial valve - Google Patents
A kind of device for improving the anti-Cavitation of industrial valve Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种提高普通工业阀门抗空蚀性能的装置,适用于任何形式的工业阀门,可直接在原有阀门管道系统的基础上进行改造:本实用新型提出的在阀门与管道之间增设流体扩散增压段,兼具提高阀门空化数、保护阀后管道内壁、缩小空蚀范围的优点,能够有效提高工业阀门的抗空蚀性能,改造简单,投资小,检修维护方便。
The utility model relates to a device for improving the anti-cavitation performance of ordinary industrial valves, which is suitable for any form of industrial valves and can be directly modified on the basis of the original valve pipeline system: the utility model proposes to add an installation between the valve and the pipeline. The fluid diffusion pressurized section has the advantages of increasing the cavitation number of the valve, protecting the inner wall of the pipeline behind the valve, and reducing the scope of cavitation. It can effectively improve the anti-cavitation performance of industrial valves. It is simple to modify, small in investment, and easy to repair and maintain.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种提高阀门抗空蚀性能的装置,具体的说是一种适用于任何型式的标准化工业阀门,为提高其抗空蚀性能而对管道进行特殊改造。The utility model relates to a device for improving the anti-cavitation performance of a valve, in particular to a standardized industrial valve suitable for any type, in order to improve the anti-cavitation performance of the pipeline through special transformation.
背景技术Background technique
当液体内部压力低于它的饱和蒸汽压时,便会形成气泡,此外有部分溶解在液体中的气体也会被析出而形成气泡。随后,当气泡随流体由低压区流动到高压区,气泡迅速溃灭,在溃灭瞬时产生极大的冲击力和高温,这种现象成为空蚀。When the internal pressure of the liquid is lower than its saturated vapor pressure, bubbles will form, and some gas dissolved in the liquid will also be precipitated to form bubbles. Subsequently, when the bubbles flow from the low-pressure area to the high-pressure area with the fluid, the bubbles collapse rapidly, and a huge impact force and high temperature are generated at the moment of collapse. This phenomenon is called cavitation.
工程上一般用相对空化数衡量空蚀发生的强弱。空化数计算公式:In engineering, the relative cavitation number is generally used to measure the strength of cavitation. Calculation formula of cavitation number:
其中,P为流体内部控制点处的压强,pa;Pa为大气压,pa;Pv为流体的饱和蒸汽压,pa;γ为流体比重;v为控制点处的流速,m/s。Among them, P is the pressure at the control point inside the fluid, pa; P a is the atmospheric pressure, pa; P v is the saturated vapor pressure of the fluid, pa; γ is the specific gravity of the fluid; v is the flow velocity at the control point, m/s.
相对空化数定义为当前空化数σ与临界空化数σi的比值;空蚀发生与否的临界状态计算得到的空化数为临界空化数。因此当临界空化数大于1,表明未发生空蚀;临界空化数等于1,表明处于空蚀发生的临界状态;临界空化数若小于1,表明该位置已经发生空蚀。The relative cavitation number is defined as the ratio of the current cavitation number σ to the critical cavitation number σi ; the cavitation number calculated from the critical state of whether cavitation occurs is the critical cavitation number. Therefore, when the critical cavitation number is greater than 1, it indicates that cavitation has not occurred; when the critical cavitation number is equal to 1, it indicates that it is in a critical state of cavitation; if the critical cavitation number is less than 1, it indicates that cavitation has occurred at this position.
高水头作用下,管道内流速大、压力低,工业阀门是管道流速的控制部件,有节流作用,此处过流截面积小,流速最高,形成低压漩涡区,因此在阀门及阀后管道极易发生空蚀。Under the action of high water head, the flow rate in the pipeline is high and the pressure is low. The industrial valve is the control part of the pipeline flow rate and has a throttling effect. Very prone to cavitation.
阀门空蚀的危害主要体在三个方面:The hazards of valve cavitation are mainly reflected in three aspects:
1)空泡溃灭产生的高频冲击力作用在阀门和阀后管道内表面,造成材料剥落,直接威胁阀门安全运行;1) The high-frequency impact force generated by the cavitation collapse acts on the inner surface of the valve and the pipeline behind the valve, causing material peeling off and directly threatening the safe operation of the valve;
2)空蚀现象发生时使阀门在垂直和水平方向产生剧烈的振动,造成紧固件松动,加速了管道和阀门的机械磨损;2) When cavitation occurs, the valve will vibrate violently in the vertical and horizontal directions, resulting in loosening of fasteners and accelerating the mechanical wear of pipes and valves;
3)空蚀现象由于气泡爆裂会产生一种类似于砂石流过阀门的噪声,严重影响造作环境;3) The phenomenon of cavitation will produce a noise similar to sand flowing through the valve due to the bursting of bubbles, which will seriously affect the manufacturing environment;
4)空蚀作用伴随气泡的产生,形成阻塞流,影响阀门的过流能力。4) Cavitation is accompanied by the generation of bubbles, forming a blocked flow and affecting the flow capacity of the valve.
若阀门的使用条件差、流速大,易发生空蚀,一般工程上采用抗空蚀能力强的多级降压阀代替普通工业阀门,其工作原理是:使控制阀的压降分为几级,每个较小的压降都保证不使缩流处压力低于液体的饱和蒸汽压力,从而消除气泡的产生,使空蚀不发生。但多级降压阀内部结构复杂,价格高昂,是普通阀门成本的数倍。If the valve is used under poor conditions and the flow rate is high, cavitation is prone to occur. In general engineering, multi-stage pressure-reducing valves with strong cavitation resistance are used instead of ordinary industrial valves. The working principle is: the pressure drop of the control valve is divided into several stages. , Each small pressure drop ensures that the pressure at the vena contracta will not be lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid, thereby eliminating the generation of air bubbles and preventing cavitation from occurring. However, the internal structure of the multi-stage pressure-reducing valve is complex and the price is high, which is several times the cost of ordinary valves.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是:针对工业阀门在高流速条件下发生的空蚀现象,提出一种经济可靠的能提高阀门自身抗空蚀性能的技术方案。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to propose an economical and reliable technical solution that can improve the anti-cavitation performance of the valve itself, aiming at the cavitation phenomenon of industrial valves under the condition of high flow rate.
本实用新型解决以上技术问题的技术方案是:The technical scheme that the utility model solves above technical problem is:
根据空蚀产生的机理,阀门处过流截面积最小,因此流速最大、压力最低,为空泡发生区,随后空泡被流体携带至高压区瞬间溃灭以致发生空蚀破坏,由此可推断空泡溃灭区主要集中在阀后管道内。According to the mechanism of cavitation, the cross-sectional area at the valve is the smallest, so the flow rate is the largest and the pressure is the lowest, which is the cavitation area, and then the cavitation is carried by the fluid to the high-pressure area and collapses instantly, resulting in cavitation damage. It can be inferred from this The cavitation collapse area is mainly concentrated in the pipeline after the valve.
基于上述分析,本实用新型避开对阀门本身流道改造的困难,另辟蹊径,从阀后管道体型入手,对阀门后管道体型进行特殊设计和重点保护,提出一种提高工业阀门抗空蚀性能的装置,其特征在于所述装置为过流截面积大于输水管道截面积的突变或渐变的中空结构,其设置在工业阀门后、输水管道前。Based on the above analysis, this utility model avoids the difficulty of reforming the flow channel of the valve itself, and finds a new way, starting from the shape of the pipeline behind the valve, carrying out special design and key protection on the shape of the pipeline behind the valve, and proposes a method to improve the anti-cavitation performance of industrial valves The device is characterized in that the device is a hollow structure with a sudden or gradual change in cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the water delivery pipeline, and it is arranged behind the industrial valve and in front of the water delivery pipeline.
优选地,Preferably,
所述装置可以是突变结构,其进水端到出水端的过流截面积保持不变。The device may have a sudden change structure, and the flow cross-sectional area from the water inlet end to the water outlet end remains unchanged.
另一优选地,Another preference,
所述装置为渐变结构,其进水端到出水端的过流截面积先逐渐扩大,再逐渐缩小。The device has a gradual change structure, and the flow cross-sectional area from the water inlet end to the water outlet end gradually expands first, and then gradually shrinks.
本实用新型的优点是:The utility model has the advantages of:
1)阀后出流面积的增加有利于流体充分扩散,没有原管道对流向的限制,在一定程度上降低流速的同时提高阀门后的压力,根据空化数计算公式,在同种工况下,流速降低且压力提高,空化数的值相应增加而临界空化数不变,因此相对空化的值也变大,表明阀门抗空蚀能力的提高。1) The increase of the outflow area behind the valve is conducive to the full diffusion of the fluid. There is no restriction on the flow direction of the original pipeline. To a certain extent, the flow rate is reduced while the pressure behind the valve is increased. According to the calculation formula of cavitation number, under the same working conditions , the flow rate decreases and the pressure increases, the value of the cavitation number increases accordingly while the critical cavitation number remains unchanged, so the value of the relative cavitation also becomes larger, indicating that the cavitation resistance of the valve is improved.
2)普通管道内壁位于空泡溃灭区,见图2,扩散增压段的截面积大于原阀后管道截面积,其内壁面远离空泡溃灭区,使空蚀作用在流体内部,起到保护内壁不被破坏的作用。2) The inner wall of the ordinary pipeline is located in the cavitation collapse area, as shown in Figure 2. The cross-sectional area of the diffusion pressurized section is larger than the original valve pipe cross-sectional area, and its inner wall is far away from the cavitation collapse area, so that the cavitation acts inside the fluid and plays a role. To protect the inner wall from damage.
在高流速管道设计中,工业阀门的空蚀问题直接影响到系统的安全运行,本实用新型结构简单,适用于任何形式的工业阀门,大大降低了造价,提高了工程安全性,具有很好的应用前景。In the design of high-velocity pipelines, the cavitation problem of industrial valves directly affects the safe operation of the system. The utility model has a simple structure and is suitable for any form of industrial valves, which greatly reduces the cost and improves the safety of the project. Application prospect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是实施例一的扩散增压段布置型式与传统管道布置对比。Figure 1 is a comparison between the layout of the diffusion pressurization section in Embodiment 1 and the traditional pipeline layout.
图2是普通工业蝶阀空泡溃灭区示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cavitation collapse zone of a common industrial butterfly valve.
图3是本实用新型实施例二的布置示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic layout diagram of the second embodiment of the utility model.
具体实施方式detailed description
实施例一Embodiment one
阀门后流体扩散增压段布置型式与传统输水管体型对比见图1。The comparison between the layout of the fluid diffusion pressurized section after the valve and the shape of the traditional water pipe is shown in Figure 1.
一种提高工业阀门抗空蚀性能的装置,在工业阀门1后、输水管道2前增设扩散增压段3;通过这种特殊结构降低流速提高压力,从而提高工业阀门的抗空蚀性能。A device for improving the anti-cavitation performance of industrial valves. A diffusion pressurization section 3 is added behind the industrial valve 1 and in front of the water delivery pipeline 2; through this special structure, the flow rate is reduced and the pressure is increased, thereby improving the anti-cavitation performance of the industrial valves.
扩散增加段3采用渐变结构,其进水端与出水端可采用焊接的方式与上、下游管道对接。进水端到出水端的过流截面积先逐渐扩大至管道截面积的三倍左右,再逐渐缩小,扩散增压段长度约为五倍管径。The diffusion increasing section 3 adopts a gradual structure, and its water inlet and water outlet can be connected to the upstream and downstream pipes by welding. The flow cross-sectional area from the water inlet to the water outlet first gradually expands to about three times the cross-sectional area of the pipe, and then gradually shrinks. The length of the diffusion booster section is about five times the pipe diameter.
实施例二Embodiment two
如图3,本实施例的提高工业阀门抗空蚀性能的扩散增压段3采用突变结构,其进水端到出水端的过流截面积保持不变,约为输水管道截面积的三倍左右。扩散增压段长度约为五倍管径。阀后过流截面积增大后,主流能够较快地沿程扩散,降低了主流流速,同时增大工作门后压力,对提高工业阀门的抗空蚀性能有利。As shown in Figure 3, the diffused pressurized section 3 for improving the anti-cavitation performance of industrial valves in this embodiment adopts a sudden change structure, and the flow cross-sectional area from the water inlet end to the water outlet end remains unchanged, which is about three times the cross-sectional area of the water delivery pipeline about. The length of the diffusion booster section is about five times the pipe diameter. After the cross-sectional area of the flow behind the valve is increased, the mainstream can diffuse quickly along the process, reducing the flow velocity of the mainstream, and at the same time increasing the pressure behind the working door, which is beneficial to improving the anti-cavitation performance of industrial valves.
根据工程实际情况的不同,本实用新型还可以有其它实施方案,只要在工业阀门后、输水管道前增设斜面(或曲面)渐变或直角突变,过流截面积变大的扩散增压段来起到提高工业阀门的抗空蚀性能的布置形式均在本实用新型要求的保护范围内。According to the actual situation of the project, the utility model can also have other implementation plans, as long as an inclined surface (or curved surface) gradient or a right angle mutation is added behind the industrial valve and in front of the water pipeline, the diffusion booster section with a larger flow cross-sectional area can be used. Arrangement forms that can improve the cavitation resistance performance of industrial valves are all within the scope of protection required by the utility model.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106764224A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of universal method and device for improving the anti-Cavitation of industrial valve |
CN109357023A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-19 | 武汉科技大学 | a butterfly valve |
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2016
- 2016-12-27 CN CN201621450113.2U patent/CN206419609U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106764224A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of universal method and device for improving the anti-Cavitation of industrial valve |
CN109357023A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-19 | 武汉科技大学 | a butterfly valve |
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