CN206341226U - A kind of quantum key distribution device - Google Patents
A kind of quantum key distribution device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN206341226U CN206341226U CN201621440463.0U CN201621440463U CN206341226U CN 206341226 U CN206341226 U CN 206341226U CN 201621440463 U CN201621440463 U CN 201621440463U CN 206341226 U CN206341226 U CN 206341226U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- key
- reception device
- dispensing device
- assay
- preserved
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005293 physical law Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005610 quantum mechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Storage Device Security (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of quantum key distribution device, including：Dispensing device and reception device；Dispensing device is at random using default measurement basal orientation reception device quantum state, and reception device is measured using default measurement base to the quantum state received at random；Send, reception device announces measurement base information in common signal channel, the key using identical measurement base is preserved respectively；Dispensing device discloses part of key to reception device, and reception device is according to disclosed cipher key calculation bit error rate；Send, reception device is tested to the key preserved respectively, mutually notify assay, retain the consistent key of assay；Reception device carries out error-correction operation to the key preserved；Dispensing device and reception device carry out errors validity, privacy to the key after error-correction operation and amplified, and obtain key.Bit error rate can be effectively reduced using the utility model, extends the farthest communication distance of quantum key distribution technology, the highest bit error rate that can be tolerated is improved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to quantum information technology field, more particularly to a kind of quantum key distribution device.
Background technology
With the development of science and technology original classical communication security technology can no longer ensure that the safety of information.Based on quantum force
Quantum key distribution (QKD) technology for learning principle provides the unconditional security based on physical law, and it is widely applied prospect
Have been obtained for increasing concern.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) technology is based on quantum mechanics, and the technology can be two validated users (for example, Alice
And Bob) provide it is a kind of still can be in the method for secure shared key in the presence of having listener-in Eve.Into
After work(shared key, two users can use the information to be transmitted to oneself of key to be encrypted, so as to realize that safety is logical
Letter.At present, the agreement for having had many quantum key distributions is widely used, such as BB84 agreements, measurement with it is device-independent
Quantum key distribution agreement (MDIQKD) etc..
In quantum key distribution technology, noise or other equipment in channel it is imperfect, and listener-in attack
Error code will be produced.User can detect the presence of listener-in according to the error rate of key, if user judges stolen hearer
The information known is excessive, then user will abandon these keys；If user judges that the information that stolen hearer knows is less than safety
Threshold value, then user can using the method for error correction (Error correction), to ensure that they share close according to the bit error rate
Key is identical, and the method (Privacy amplification) for then reusing privacy amplification may know that listener-in
Erasing of information is fallen, and ensure that the privacy of key, and finally gives identical and safe shared key.
However, although quantum key distribution technology is perfectly safe in theory, in actual applications, the system in source
Standby loss imperfect, in channel, imperfect and listener-in the attack of measuring apparatus, all can influence amount to a certain extent
The security of quantum key distribution system, have impact on farthest transmission range and the highest bit error rate that can allow.For example, according to
Shor-Preskill safety analysis understands that the highest bit error rate that BB84 agreements can allow only has 11%.In some reality
In application scenarios, if without other processing directly using place after unidirectional classical communication quantum key traditional in the prior art
Reason scheme carries out bit error correction and privacy amplification, and the bit error rate probably exceedes this threshold value, so that because the bit error rate is excessively high
Problem can not produce safe key, therefore the farthest communication distance that can be reached and the admissible highest bit error rate all have very much
Limit, so as to can only be used in very limited transmission range, can not fully meet the demand in practical application.
Utility model content
In view of this, the utility model provides a kind of quantum key distribution device, so as to be effectively reduced bit error code
Rate, extends the farthest communication distance of quantum key distribution technology, improves the highest bit error rate that can be tolerated.
What the technical solution of the utility model was specifically realized in：
A kind of quantum key distribution device, the device includes：Dispensing device and reception device；
The dispensing device and reception device are connected by transmission channel；
The dispensing device, for using reception device quantum state described in default measurement basal orientation, will be sent out at random
Each quantum state preparation base information sent is sent to reception device, and preserves the key that both sides have used identical measurement base；Also
Key for disclosing from predetermined bit number to reception device, is tested to the key preserved, and assay notice is connect
Receiving apparatus, retains the consistent key of assay；It is additionally operable to carry out errors validity to the key preserved, carries out privacy amplification,
Obtain key；
The reception device, for being measured at random using default measurement base to the quantum state received, is surveyed
Result is measured, dispensing device will be sent to measurement base information used in the quantum state that is received, and preserve both sides and used phase
With the key of measurement base；It is additionally operable to the cipher key calculation according to disclosed in dispensing device and goes out bit error rate；It is additionally operable to being preserved
Key is tested, and assay is notified into dispensing device, retains the consistent key of assay；It is additionally operable to being preserved
Key carries out error-correction operation, and errors validity is carried out to the key after error-correction operation, carries out privacy amplification, obtains key.
Preferably, the dispensing device includes：Transmitting element, the first verification unit and first key generation unit；
The transmitting element, at random using reception device quantum state described in default measurement basal orientation；
First verification unit, for each transmitted quantum state preparation base information to be sent into reception device,
And preserve the key that both sides have used identical measurement base；It is additionally operable to disclose the key of predetermined bit number to reception device, to being protected
The key deposited is tested, and assay is notified into reception device, retains the consistent key of assay；
The first key generation unit, for carrying out errors validity to the key preserved, carries out privacy amplification, obtains
Key.
Preferably, the reception device includes：Receiving unit, the second verification unit and the second Key generating unit；
The receiving unit, for being measured at random using default measurement base to the quantum state received, is surveyed
Result is measured, measurement result and used measurement base information are sent to the second verification unit；
Second verification unit, for transmission dress will to be sent to measurement base information used in the quantum state that is received
Put, and preserve the key that both sides have used identical measurement base；It is additionally operable to the cipher key calculation according to disclosed in dispensing device and goes out bit mistake
Code check；It is additionally operable to test to the key preserved, and assay is notified into dispensing device, retains assay consistent
Key；
Second Key generating unit, for carrying out error-correction operation to the key preserved, to close after error-correction operation
Key carries out errors validity, carries out privacy amplification, obtains key.
Preferably, the transmission channel is optical fiber or free space.
As seen from the above technical solution, in quantum key distribution device of the present utility model, due to carry out error correction and
Before privacy amplification, using the method for carrying out two-way classical communication, a part of key is announced, and give up one according to different situations
Divide key, therefore bit error rate and phase bit error rate can be changed, so as to which bit error rate is greatly reduced, extend quantum
The farthest communication distance of key distribution technique, improves the highest bit error rate that can be tolerated, has widened actual quantum key distribution skill
The application scenarios of art.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be the utility model embodiment in quantum key distribution system structural representation.
Embodiment
For the technical solution of the utility model and advantage is more clearly understood, below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments,
The utility model is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 be the utility model embodiment in quantum key distribution system structural representation.As shown in figure 1, this reality
Included with the quantum key distribution system in new embodiment：Dispensing device 11 and reception device 12；
The dispensing device 11 and reception device 12 are connected by transmission channel 13；
The dispensing device 11, will for measuring the quantum state of reception device 12 described in basal orientation using default at random
Each transmitted quantum state preparation base information is sent to reception device 12, and preserves both sides and used the close of identical measurement base
Key；The key to the open predetermined bit number of reception device 12 is additionally operable to, the key preserved is tested, and by assay
Reception device 12 is notified, retains the consistent key of assay；It is additionally operable to carry out errors validity to the key preserved, carries out hidden
Private amplification, obtains key；
The reception device 12, for being measured at random using default measurement base to the quantum state received, is obtained
Measurement result, will be sent to dispensing device 11 to measurement base information used in the quantum state that is received, and preserves both sides and use
The key of identical measurement base；It is additionally operable to the cipher key calculation according to disclosed in dispensing device and goes out bit error rate；It is additionally operable to being protected
The key deposited is tested, and assay is notified into dispensing device 11, retains the consistent key of assay；It is additionally operable to institute
The key of preservation carries out error-correction operation, and errors validity is carried out to the key after error-correction operation, carries out privacy amplification, obtains key.
By above-mentioned quantum key distribution system, dispensing device 11 can safely transmit key to reception device 12,
So as to shared consistent and safe key.
Preferably, in specific embodiment of the utility model, the dispensing device can also further comprise：Send single
Member, the first verification unit and first key generation unit (not shown)；
The transmitting element, at random using reception device quantum state described in default measurement basal orientation；
First verification unit, for each transmitted quantum state preparation base information to be sent into reception device,
And preserve the key that both sides have used identical measurement base；It is additionally operable to disclose the key of predetermined bit number to reception device, to being protected
The key deposited is tested, and assay is notified into reception device, retains the consistent key of assay；
The first key generation unit, for carrying out errors validity to the key preserved, carries out privacy amplification, obtains
Key.
Preferably, in specific embodiment of the utility model, the reception device can further include：Receive single
Member, the second verification unit and the second Key generating unit (not shown)；
The receiving unit, for being measured at random using default measurement base to the quantum state received, is surveyed
Result is measured, measurement result and used measurement base information are sent to the second verification unit；
Second verification unit, for transmission dress will to be sent to measurement base information used in the quantum state that is received
Put, and preserve the key that both sides have used identical measurement base；It is additionally operable to the cipher key calculation according to disclosed in dispensing device and goes out bit mistake
Code check；It is additionally operable to test to the key preserved, and assay is notified into dispensing device, retains assay consistent
Key；
Second Key generating unit, for carrying out error-correction operation to the key preserved, to close after error-correction operation
Key carries out errors validity, carries out privacy amplification, obtains key.
Preferably, in specific embodiment of the utility model, the transmission channel 13 is optical fiber or free space.
In addition, in the technical solution of the utility model, above-mentioned quantum key distribution system can be according to as described below
Mode realizes quantum key distribution：
Step 21, dispensing device is at random using default measurement basal orientation reception device quantum state, and reception device is random
The quantum state received is measured using default measurement base, measurement result is obtained；
Step 22, dispensing device and reception device announce each quantum state preparation base information in common signal channel, and divide
Not Bao Cun both sides used the key of identical measurement base.
In the technical solution of the utility model, dispensing device by quantum channel by quantum state be sent to reception device it
Afterwards, dispensing device and reception device will mutually notify information to measurement base used in each quantum state by classical channel,
Then, the measurement base information according to corresponding to each quantum state known is preserved both sides and has used identical survey by both sides respectively
Information entrained on the quantum state of base is measured, i.e., preserves the key that both sides have used identical measurement base respectively.
Step 23, dispensing device discloses the key of predetermined bit number to reception device, and reception device is public according to dispensing device
The cipher key calculation opened goes out bit error rate.
For example, preferably, in specific embodiment of the utility model, dispensing device can disclose one to reception device
Divide value and the position of key (i.e. the key of predetermined bit number), reception device is by the value of disclosed key and position and certainly
The bit of corresponding position is compared in the key that body is preserved, and bit error rate is calculated according to comparative result.
Step 24, dispensing device and reception device are tested to the key preserved respectively, and mutually notify to examine knot
Really, the consistent key of assay is retained；
In this step, both sides test the key preserved respectively to oneself, and it is consistent to retain assay
Key.In the technical solution of the utility model, various ways can be used to test the key preserved.
For example, preferably, in specific embodiment of the utility model, described tested to the key that is preserved can be with
Including：
Step 41, the key preserved is divided into multiple groups, each group has predetermined number (for example, 2 or 3 etc.
Deng) key；
Step 42, odd-even check is carried out respectively to every group key, obtains assay.
For example, exemplified by there are two keys in every group key, if there is two keys in a group key of dispensing device
x1And x2, and two keys in the corresponding group key of reception device are y1And y2, then dispensing device and reception device can
To calculate respectivelyWithSo as to obtain the assay of odd-even check.
After calculating and mutually informing the assay of odd-even check, both sides can retain assay unanimously close
Key.If for example,WithResult of calculation it is identical, then dispensing device and reception device retain x respectively1、x2、y1
And y2；And if result of calculation is different, then dispensing device and reception device abandon x respectively1、x2、y1And y2。
Above is being introduced exemplified by having two keys in a group key.The rest may be inferred, can also be 3 in a group key
Individual or more key, will not be repeated here.
After above-mentioned odd-even check, bit error rate and phase bit error rate will all change, so as to greatly drop
The low bit bit error rate and phase bit error rate.
In addition, preferably, in another specific embodiment of the present utility model, the step 24 can also be：
Dispensing device and reception device respectively carry out hash function operation (for example, will be preserved to the key that is preserved
The Bit String of key projects into a string of bit informations of another regular length), and operating result is mutually notified, and according to operation
As a result the key preserved is screened, retains the consistent key of assay.
Step 25, reception device carries out error-correction operation to the key preserved.
Imperfect due to practical situations, the shared key that dispensing device and reception device are preserved is in practical application
May be not quite identical in situation, therefore reception device needs to carry out error correction to the shared key preserved, to there may be
Inconsistent classical bit corrected, so as to ensure that shared key is completely the same in practice.
In the technical solution of the utility model, conventional error correction method can be used to believe received primary key
Breath carries out error correction, so as to obtain the key information after error correction, therefore, specific error correction method will not be repeated here.
Step 26, dispensing device and reception device carry out errors validity to the key after error-correction operation.
After operation is tangled in reception device progress, dispensing device and reception device should obtain identical in theory
Key.But, in order to avoid the mistake being likely to occur due to other situations, in this step, dispensing device and reception device
All will to should identical key carry out errors validity.If errors validity fails, need to re-start error-correction operation
Or termination protocol.If errors validity success, continues executing with next step.
Step 27, dispensing device and reception device carry out privacy amplification, obtain key.
In this step, dispensing device and reception device are also needed to according to different methods of estimation, and information leakage
How much, privacy amplification is carried out, the information that listener-in may know that is excluded, to obtain final key.
In the technical solution of the utility model, conventional privacy amplification method can be used to error correction and errors validity
Key information afterwards carries out privacy amplification, so as to obtain final key, therefore, specific privacy amplification method is no longer gone to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married herein
State.
By above-mentioned step 21~27, key can be safely transmitted between dispensing device and reception device, so as to
With shared consistent and safe key.
In summary, in the technical solution of the utility model, due to before error correction and privacy amplification is carried out, using entering
The method of the two-way classical communication of row, announces a part of key, and gives up a part of key according to different situations, therefore can change
Bit error rate and phase bit error rate, so as to which bit error rate is greatly reduced, extend the farthest of quantum key distribution technology
Communication distance, improves the highest bit error rate that can be tolerated, has widened the application scenarios of actual quantum key distribution technology.
Preferred embodiment of the present utility model is the foregoing is only, it is all at this not to limit the utility model
Within the spirit and principle of utility model, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements done etc. should be included in the utility model
Within the scope of protection.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of quantum key distribution device, it is characterised in that the device includes：Dispensing device and reception device；
The dispensing device and reception device are connected by transmission channel；
The dispensing device, will be transmitted for reception device quantum state described in the default measurement basal orientation of use at random
Each quantum state preparation base information is sent to reception device, and preserves the key that both sides have used identical measurement base；It is additionally operable to
The key of predetermined bit number is disclosed to reception device, the key preserved is tested, and assay is notified into reception dress
Put, retain the consistent key of assay；It is additionally operable to carry out errors validity to the key preserved, carries out privacy amplification, obtain
Key；
The reception device, for being measured at random using default measurement base to the quantum state received, obtains measurement knot
Really, dispensing device will be sent to measurement base information used in the quantum state that is received, and preserves both sides and used identical survey
Measure the key of base；It is additionally operable to the cipher key calculation according to disclosed in dispensing device and goes out bit error rate；It is additionally operable to the key to being preserved
Test, and assay is notified into dispensing device, retain the consistent key of assay；It is additionally operable to the key to being preserved
Error-correction operation is carried out, errors validity is carried out to the key after error-correction operation, privacy amplification is carried out, obtains key.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the dispensing device includes：Transmitting element, the first checklist
Member and first key generation unit；
The transmitting element, at random using reception device quantum state described in default measurement basal orientation；
First verification unit, for each transmitted quantum state preparation base information to be sent into reception device, and is protected
Deposit the key that both sides have used identical measurement base；It is additionally operable to disclose the key of predetermined bit number to reception device, to what is preserved
Key is tested, and assay is notified into reception device, retains the consistent key of assay；
The first key generation unit, for carrying out errors validity to the key preserved, carries out privacy amplification, obtains close
Key.
3. device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the reception device includes：Receiving unit, the second inspection
Verification certificate member and the second Key generating unit；
The receiving unit, for being measured at random using default measurement base to the quantum state received, obtains measurement knot
Really, measurement result and used measurement base information are sent to the second verification unit；
Second verification unit, for dispensing device will to be sent to measurement base information used in the quantum state that is received,
And preserve the key that both sides have used identical measurement base；It is additionally operable to the cipher key calculation according to disclosed in dispensing device and goes out bit error code
Rate；It is additionally operable to test to the key preserved, and assay is notified into dispensing device, retains consistent close of assay
Key；
Second Key generating unit, for carrying out error-correction operation to the key preserved, enters to the key after error-correction operation
Row errors validity, carries out privacy amplification, obtains key.
4. device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The transmission channel is optical fiber or free space.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621440463.0U CN206341226U (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | A kind of quantum key distribution device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621440463.0U CN206341226U (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | A kind of quantum key distribution device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN206341226U true CN206341226U (en) | 2017-07-18 |
Family
ID=59302588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621440463.0U Active CN206341226U (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | A kind of quantum key distribution device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN206341226U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107508671B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-06-12 | 北京邮电大学 | Business communication method and device based on quantum key distribution |
| CN113225174A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-06 | 苏州大学 | Quantum noise stream encryption system based on one-dimensional chaotic sequence and encoding and decoding method |
-
2016
- 2016-12-26 CN CN201621440463.0U patent/CN206341226U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107508671B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-06-12 | 北京邮电大学 | Business communication method and device based on quantum key distribution |
| CN113225174A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-06 | 苏州大学 | Quantum noise stream encryption system based on one-dimensional chaotic sequence and encoding and decoding method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106685654B (en) | Quantum key distribution method with bidirectional identity authentication | |
| US20140068765A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for authenticating user in multiparty quantum communications | |
| CN107359985B (en) | Controlled quantum secure direct communication method based on Huffman compression coding | |
| Yang et al. | Improved QSDC protocol over a collective-dephasing noise channel | |
| CN108092771A (en) | A kind of anti-tamper controlled quantum safety direct communication method and system | |
| CN106685659B (en) | Quantum secret sharing method capable of resisting interception of retransmission, man-in-the-middle and entanglement attacks | |
| CN107493168B (en) | Quanta identity authentication method and its application method during quantum key distribution | |
| Niemiec et al. | Management of security in quantum cryptography | |
| CN109586909A (en) | Based on Bell state quantal data library access control and Bidirectional identity authentication method | |
| Hong-Yang et al. | Quantum private query based on stable error correcting code in the case of noise | |
| CN111865588B (en) | Efficient quantum secret information interchange method, system and storage medium | |
| CN110474770A (en) | A kind of multi-party half quantum secret sharing method and system based on single photon | |
| CN107070643A (en) | A kind of quantum key distribution device and method | |
| CN110635907B (en) | Controlled quantum conversation method with identity authentication function based on GHZ-like state | |
| CN206341226U (en) | A kind of quantum key distribution device | |
| CN111901112A (en) | Quantum secret information equal exchange method, system and application based on dense coding | |
| CN108923914B (en) | Quantum key distribution method based on 4-particle cluster state | |
| He | Simple quantum protocols for the millionaire problem with a semi-honest third party | |
| Luo et al. | Arbitrated quantum signature of classical messages without using authenticated classical channels | |
| Zhou | Improvements of quantum private comparison protocol based on cluster states | |
| CN105959113A (en) | Quantum password allocation method for preventing detector side channel attacks | |
| CN108964907A (en) | A kind of quantum-key distribution equipment determines method and system at code rate | |
| Li et al. | The Security Analysis of Quantum SAGR04 Protocol in Collective‐Rotation Noise Channel | |
| CN109711932B (en) | Quantum invisible transitive state-based multi-group electronic commerce signature method | |
| Crawford et al. | Quantum authentication: current and future research directions |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |