CN2063266U - Comprehensively combined teaching aid for hydraulics - Google Patents
Comprehensively combined teaching aid for hydraulics Download PDFInfo
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- CN2063266U CN2063266U CN 90211754 CN90211754U CN2063266U CN 2063266 U CN2063266 U CN 2063266U CN 90211754 CN90211754 CN 90211754 CN 90211754 U CN90211754 U CN 90211754U CN 2063266 U CN2063266 U CN 2063266U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a comprehensively combined teaching aid for hydraulics which is a small-size visual demonstration teaching aid for the hydraulics, comprising an organic glass voltage-stabilizing water tank, 23 demonstrators and adapter members. By simple combination, 29 teaching demonstrations of the emphasis and difficult points in the course of hydraulics can be completed. The design of the utility model is on the basis of the hydraulic science to embody the physical essential of concepts and lows in the course of the hydraulics. The structure is on the basis of the principles of one object with multifunction and combining demonstration. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high direct viewing, good teaching effect and low cost, and can be carried into classrooms to match lectures.
Description
The utility model relates to the hydraulics teaching aid, is a kind of directly combined teaching method apparatus of the multiple hydraulics content of courses of ocular demonstration on the classroom.
Existing hydraulics teaching aid has begun to modularization, the trend development of synthesization, " hydraulics, thermal conduction study comprehensive experiment table " as the CN88201133 introduction, characteristics are with the Bai Nuoli equation, and reynolds experiment and three hydraulic experiment system in combination of resistance experiment are on an experiment table, but the experimental project that this experimental provision is left also very little, it is big to exist size, complex structure, the cost height can not enter the shortcoming that the classroom helps classroom instruction; Wherein have only the rising of different-diameter experiment tube on the Bai Nuoli equation experimental system, end on the section piezometric tube is arranged, the student can not find out the continuous Changing Pattern on the experiment intraductal pressure size streamwise from experiment, because piezometric tube can only show positive relative pressure, it is again that the student is difficult to understand when pressure is vacuum tightness in the pipeline for which type of Changing Pattern.
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, and the combined type synthetic instruction apparatus of the multiple hydraulics content of courses of a kind of energy ocular demonstration is provided, and satisfies the needs of whole hydraulics course object teaching.
The utility model is powerful little irrelevant with container dimensional size and shape with the regularity of distribution according to hydrostatic, the hydrodynamics parameter changes obeys the principle of similitude, and designs at the imagery teaching method of relevant emphasis, difficult point content in the hydraulics textbook content.A complete set of teaching aid assembly comprises water tank of voltage regulation (4), demonstrator support (2), tank bracket (86), and various demonstrators and accessory thereof for realizing that certain demonstration purpose designs.For making the small and exquisite and demonstrating visual of teaching aid, each demo system that is fixed on the demonstrator all adopts glass straight tube (54), glass U-shaped pipe (48,49), glass tube threeway (52,53), glass tube elbow (51), sebific duct (55) etc. are on demand as experiment or aqueduct; The primary tank (50) that adopts in each experiment, various accessories are that various demonstration pipes (meter) and water tank of voltage regulation also adopt organic glass to make.When carrying out teaching demonstration, the demonstrator of selecting according to the demonstration needs inserts in the gathering sill of demonstrator support (2), by entrance point and the leveling bottle (81) of sebific duct (55) with experiment on the demonstrator or water-supply-pipe, or sphygmomanometer ball (82), or the rising pipe of water tank of voltage regulation (4) bottom is chewed (43) and is connected and to constitute complete demo system.The shared demonstrator support of all demonstrators.Demonstrator and accessory, water tank of voltage regulation and support thereof can be all neat put in the teaching aid case.
Compare with prior art, the utility model has following advantage:
1, the many usefulness of single-piece, combined demonstration, multiple functional, can leave various teaching demonstration experiments about key concept in the hydraulics and basic law.
2, teaching aid is light small and exquisite, can enter the classroom and cooperate teaching, and intuitive is strong, can reach good teaching efficiency, as to student's the most indigestible " vacuum tightness " pressure notion, all can make its demonstration directly perceived in multinomial demonstration.
3, all component of teaching aid not the time spent can all deposit in same the teaching aid case, safeguard, keeping carries all very convenient.
4, teaching aid is simple in structure, and is with low cost.
The utility model has following accompanying drawing:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the layout synoptic diagram of each assembly of teaching aid in the teaching aid case;
Accompanying drawing 2 is a demonstrator support synoptic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 3 is a water tank of voltage regulation support synoptic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 4 is water tank of voltage regulation and assembly synoptic diagram thereof;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the synoptic diagram of hydrostatic powerful feature demonstrator (5);
Accompanying drawing 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section of pressure transducer (30);
Accompanying drawing 9 is the synoptic diagram of hydraulic ga(u)ge performance demonstrator (8);
Accompanying drawing 10 is the synoptic diagram of compound hydraulic ga(u)ge demonstrator (9);
Accompanying drawing 11 is the synoptic diagram of relative pressure demonstrator (10);
Accompanying drawing 12 is the synoptic diagram of the tetanic line distribution of hydrostatic demonstrator (11);
Accompanying drawing 13 is the synoptic diagram of flowing fluid ratio pressure energy demonstrator (12);
Accompanying drawing 14 is the synoptic diagram of static head demonstrator (13);
Accompanying drawing 15 is the synoptic diagram of liquid phase to static demonstrator (14);
Accompanying drawing 16 is the synoptic diagram of streamline demonstrator (15);
Accompanying drawing 17 is the synoptic diagram of liquid stream energy and conversion demonstrator (16) thereof;
Accompanying drawing 19 is the synoptic diagram of Bai Nuoli equation demonstrator (18);
Accompanying drawing 20 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of Bai Nuoli equation demonstration pipe (28);
Combination synoptic diagram when accompanying drawing 21 is demonstrated for the Bai Nuoli equation;
Accompanying drawing 22 is the synoptic diagram of convergent-divergent pipe headline demonstrator (19);
Accompanying drawing 23 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of convergent-divergent pipe (29);
Accompanying drawing 24 is the synoptic diagram of pressure piping vacuum tightness demonstrator (20);
Accompanying drawing 25 is the synoptic diagram of liquid amount of flow equation demonstrator (21);
Accompanying drawing 26 is the synoptic diagram of air manometer demonstrator (22);
Accompanying drawing 27 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of flowmeter in the literary virtue (33);
Accompanying drawing 30 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of on-way resistance experiment tube (36);
Test in the literary virtue, on-way resistance is tested by flowmeter experiment, orifice flowmeter in order to carry out for accompanying drawing 31, the combination synoptic diagram when shock resistance is tested;
Accompanying drawing 32 is the synoptic diagram of pipe resistance analysis-by-synthesis demonstrator (23);
Accompanying drawing 33 is the synoptic diagram of long water delivery main line demonstrator (24);
Accompanying drawing 34 is the synoptic diagram of long production trunk line demonstrator (25);
Accompanying drawing 35 is the synoptic diagram of parallel pipeline demonstrator (26);
Accompanying drawing 36 is the synoptic diagram of branch line demonstrator (27);
Accompanying drawing 37 is the synoptic diagram of reynolds test instrument (31).
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, provide an embodiment of the present utility model, and be illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.In the present embodiment, 23 of total demonstrators can be combined into 29 kinds of classroom hydraulics teaching demonstration experiments.
Accompanying drawing 2 is a demonstrator support synoptic diagram.Demonstrator support (2) is one to have the framework of base plate and triangle fagging, is symmetrically fixed with four orientation angle iron blocks (39) on the framework and makes gathering sill, demonstrator can be inserted, and uses for demonstration.
Accompanying drawing 3 is a water tank of voltage regulation support synoptic diagram.This support (86) is made up of square aluminium sheet flat deck roof and foldable aluminium alloy foot rest.The shirt rim of top cover lower end can be controlled the opening angle of foot rest and keep stable during work, and when not working, top cover can take off and deposit in simultaneously in the teaching aid case (1) with foot rest after the folding.
Accompanying drawing 4 is water tank of voltage regulation and assembly synoptic diagram thereof.The cylindrical vessel that water tank of voltage regulation among the figure (4) is made for organic glass tube, the side on the top cover have the open to atmosphere tank (41) that adds of an opening, have at the bottom of lucite spacer (85) the straight cutting case of aperture by the bottom after, its upper end constitutes with the sidewall of water tank.Have in the water tank (4) two be fixed at the bottom of the case on, with the parallel plate of dividing plate (85), near dividing plate (85) is the filter band (83) that the bottom has aperture, another piece is the vibration damping sieve plate (84) that is covered with aperture on it, their effect is to reduce when ambient atmosphere enters water tank at work, and bubble is to the vibration of the water surface in the case.One exhaust nozzle pipe (44) is arranged on the water tank top cover, water tank lateral wall bottom is fixed with aperture, the pipe that metal is processed into and chews plate (42), thin-walled aperture (87) and a standard round column jecket that an outlet is arranged on it is perverse shape are chewed (43), directly utilize water tank and aperture, pipe on it to chew plate (42) and just can leave aperture and Guan Zui and go out the stream experiment; Can carry out the demonstration that the current phenomenon is chewed in aperture, pipe; Forming pipe with demonstrator (5) chews the vacuum tightness demonstration and measures the coefficient of flow that chew in aperture, pipe.Voltage stabilizing hydraulic pressure (4) is except that going out in the stream experiment to do the general water supply container at aperture, Guan Zui, demonstrate in hydrodynamics, also as pressure-stabilizing water supply container usefulness, in addition, also in the demonstration of hydrostatic powerful feature with in the reynolds experiment, make general open containers usefulness in resistance experiment and the flowmeter experiment.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the synoptic diagram of hydrostatic powerful feature demonstrator (5).Be fixed with a U-shaped glass tube (48) on the demonstrator among the figure (5).
Accompanying drawing 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section of pressure transducer (30).Pressure transducer among the figure (30) is by a copper pipe (70), is inserted in to cover on the little cylinder side wall that rubber film (72) is arranged on the open end to constitute.
When carrying out the demonstration of hydrostatic powerful feature, be communicated with the copper pipe (70) and the U-shaped pipe (48) on the demonstrator (5) of sebific duct pressure transducer, the little cylinder in sensor (30) lower end (71) is inserted adding in the water open slot (41) of water tank of voltage regulation (4), sensor (30) can be observed the Changing Pattern of the hydrostatic pressure of being responded to by rubber film (72) by hydraulic ga(u)ge when water tank bottom moves or rotates or vertically move up and down, being the inactive liquid internal pressure increases along degree of depth direct proportion, pressure equal and opposite in direction at grade and on the same position all directions.
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram of linker isopressure surface demonstrator (6).Demonstrator among the figure (6) is gone up two U-shaped pipes (48,49) is installed, and the U-shaped pipe is adorned red water in (48), and red water and light yellow kerosene are housed in the U-shaped pipe (49).This demonstrator is demonstrated out and is equipped with interior two the open to atmosphere liquid levels of a kind of U-shaped pipe (48) of continuous inactive liquid equally highly, and liquid level in the U-shaped pipe (49) of two kinds of liquid is housed with regard to different height.There is the coordinate paper height to read chi below the U-shaped pipe (49), can reads the height of two separatory interfaces (for isopressure surface) above oil column and water column.Utilize the rule that pressure equates on the isopressure surface can calculate fuel-displaced density (ρ according to the density of water
OilGh
Oil=ρ
WaterGh
Water) be 0.8 gram per centimeter
3
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of linker pressure equilibrium demonstrator (7).Be installed with on the demonstrator among the figure (7) by primary tank (50a), glass straight tube (54), the demo system that 90 ° of elbows of glass tube threeway (52) and glass tube (51) constitute, wherein there is a spring water stopper (56) primary tank (50a) top, the piezometric tube that side has glass straight tube (54) to do, by glass straight tube (54), 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51), the circulating line that glass threeway (52) is formed, there is a spring water stopper (56) upper end, there is a screw tongs (57) lower end, primary tank (50a) bottom is communicated with the bottom of circulating line, and is connected with the glass straight tube (54) of a upper end open by 90 ° of elbows of a glass tube (51).During demonstration, connect the leveling bottle of a band sebific duct, the on off state of the differing heights of operation leveling bottle (bottle in red water is housed) and each tongs of control can allow various random level change situations occur on the demonstrator.But under any balance (liquid level is static) state,, calculate the pressure P of liquid level in the primary tank from the left side with the hydrostatics fundamental equation according to the condition of linker isopressure surface
0(P
0=ρ
WaterG(V
1-V
0) should calculate the pressure P of liquid level in the primary tank with the right
0{ P
0=ρ
WaterG ［ (V
2-V
3)+(V
4-V
0) equate, thereby proved linker pressure equilibrium equation P
1± ε ρ
i△ h
i=P
2Correctness.Preferred plan is to be controlled to P in the demonstration
0＞Pa, P
0＜Pa and P
0Three kinds of typical equilibrium states of=Pa.
Accompanying drawing 9 is the synoptic diagram of hydraulic ga(u)ge performance demonstrator (8).Be installed with on the demonstrator among the figure (8) by three U-shaped pipes, by 90 ° of elbows of glass (51).Glass tube threeway (52) and sebific duct (55), its measuring junction formed parallel connection after, be communicated with sebific duct on the sphygmomanometer ball (82) with a glass tube jointly.Adorn red water in the U-shaped pipe (49) during demonstration, also adorn red water in its contiguous U-shaped pipe (48), in another U-shaped pipe (48) mercury is housed.Liquid level in three U-shaped pipes is equally high.When with the sphygmomanometer ball when three U-shaped pipes are pressed into gas simultaneously, shown intuitively on the demonstrator that the different water hydraulic meter reading △ h of two thicknesses is identical, mercury hydraulic meter reading is then much smaller, be the former ten three sixths.The thickness and the irrelevant important rule of shape of this lecture experiment proof hydraulic ga(u)ge reading and U-shaped pipe are thought among the student under the same pressure conditions to correcting, and slightly the U-shaped pipe hydraulic ga(u)ge reading wrong viewpoint that should reduce has cogency.
Accompanying drawing 10 is the synoptic diagram of compound hydraulic ga(u)ge demonstrator (9).U-shaped pipe (48), threeway glass tube (53), tensimeter (58), 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51), the compound hydraulic ga(u)ge demo system that sebific duct (55) and tongs (56) are formed are installed on the demonstrator among the figure (9) by primary tank (50a).The U-shaped pipe of three dress mercurys is communicated with primary tank after forming series system by threeway glass tube and sebific duct again.When being pressed into gas more than the liquid level with the sphygmomanometer ball in primary tank, pressure readings all appears in tensimeter and each U-shaped pipe hydraulic ga(u)ge, liquid level pressure P in the primary tank of calculating from the right hydraulic ga(u)ge with linker pressure equilibrium equation
0Can with read-around ratio on the tensimeter.This demonstration can allow the student understand structure, principle of work and the reading computing method of compound hydraulic ga(u)ge.
Accompanying drawing 11 is the synoptic diagram of relative pressure demonstrator (10).Primary tank (50b) is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (10), and the upper and lower both sides of primary tank respectively have a pipe to chew, and wherein a side pipe is chewed by 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51) and is connected with U-shaped pipe (48), and all the other pipes are chewed all spring water stopper (56).During demonstration, elder generation is communicated with the water outlet sebific duct of the leveling bottle of the red water of interior dress with the glass tube of primary tank lower end, open the tongs of primary tank upper and lower end, and the rising leveling bottle is treated to be full of in the primary tank after the red water, closes the tongs of upper end.According to the identical rule of same isopressure surface height, the rising leveling bottle when liquid level in the bottle is higher than primary tank the right level vial, is opened the exit tongs, and red water outwards flows out through this glass tube in the primary tank, illustrates that the relative pressure of A point is greater than zero in the container.When the accurate bottle height of descending water, when making bottle interior liquid level be lower than level vial on the right of the primary tank, should be A point pressure less than atmospheric pressure, open the exit tongs, can intuitively find out not to be that water outwards flows out, but outside air enters primary tank.When liquid level in the control leveling bottle just in time the same when high with primary tank the right rising pipe, should be that the relative pressure of A point equals zero, the equilibrium state that promptly inside and outside pressure equates, open the water that the exit tongs can intuitively demonstrate in the primary tank this moment and do not flow out the pressure equilibrium phenomenon that outside air does not also flow to.This demonstration is understood the notion of relative pressure to helping the student, corrects the sort ofly to think that liquid internal pressure in the sealer vacuum tightness can occur or think in all containers on the liquid level that relatively pressure is zero wrong viewpoint helpful scarcely.The key of this teaching aid is primary tank (50b) the right minor diameter water outlet glass tube, under liquid self surface tension effect, can equate that demonstration outlet spout place water does not go out the equilibrium appearance that air does not advance under the condition at inside and outside pressure.
Accompanying drawing 12 is the synoptic diagram of the tetanic line distribution of hydrostatic demonstrator (11).Primary tank (50c) is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (11), primary tank is upper and lower respectively to have a pipe to chew and tongs (56), vertically arranging four pipes on the sidewall chews, by 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51), glass straight tube (54) is connected with the openend of comb bamboo or wicker fence shape piezometric tube (59) respectively with sebific duct (55).During demonstration the water delivery hose on the leveling bottle chewed with the pipe of primary tank lower end and be communicated with, open upper and lower two tongses of primary tank earlier, the rising leveling bottle allows red water be full of gradually after the container, closes the tongs of upper end.Changing the high and low position of leveling bottle, under any equilibrium condition (liquid is static), is the straight line rule from shown strong variation of hydrostatic that goes out 4 of vertically equidistant a on the primary tank sidewall, b, c, d of demonstrator the right comb piezometric surface.Notion according to the linker isopressure surface, may be controlled to three kinds of typical equilibrium conditions during demonstration, the one, liquid level is higher than d point (a, b, 4 relative pressure of c, d for just) in the bottle, the 2nd, (2 relative pressure of a, b are for just between 2 of b, c for liquid level in the bottle, 2 relative pressure of c, d are for negative), the 3rd, liquid level is positioned at a point following (a, b, 4 relative pressure of c, d are negative value) in the bottle.This lecture experiment has disclosed the rule that hydrostatic increases along degree of depth straight line by force, is not subjected to pressure to calculate the influence of the different benchmark of getting (absolute pressure, pressure relatively), can help and deepen the understanding to hydrostatics fundamental equation physical significance.The key of this teaching aid is a comb bamboo or wicker fence shape piezometric tube, it is as a whole with the parallel connection of four U-shaped pipe hydraulic ga(u)ges, simple in structure, can make four reading △ h conversions again on same base level face (liquid level in the open to atmosphere piezometric tube), thereby show the powerful little Changing Pattern of these 4 hydrostatics intuitively.
Accompanying drawing 13 is the synoptic diagram of flowing fluid ratio pressure energy demonstrator (12).The flowing fluid ratio pressure energy demo system of being made up of primary tank (50d), pressure measurement glass tube (54), 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51) and sebific duct (55) is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (12).Elder generation chews the sebific duct on the sphygmomanometer ball and is communicated with during demonstration with the connecting pipe of primary tank upper end, and when being pressed into air with the sphygmomanometer ball in primary tank, red water internal pressure increases in the primary tank, and red water will be along vertical one section height of pressure measurement glass tube rising.Demonstrate the physical phenomenon that the liquid pressure energy is converted to potential energy this demonstrating visual, simultaneously by hydrostatics fundamental equation and potential energy computing formula, the computing formula that can derive the flowing fluid ratio pressure energy be P/ ρ g(by potential energy=pressure energy=mgh and P=ρ gh, must be than pressure energy=pressure energy/weight=mgh/mg=h=P/ ρ g).
Accompanying drawing 14 is the synoptic diagram of static head demonstrator (13).The static head demo system of being made up of primary tank (50e), U-shaped glass tube (48), 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51), sebific duct (55) and tongs (56) is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (13).During demonstration, the leveling bottle water delivery hose is chewed with the connecting pipe of primary tank lower end be communicated with earlier, open the tongs of primary tank upper and lower end, the rising leveling bottle, wait red water successively to enter about in two U-shaped pipes, and when being full of primary tank soon, the tongs on closing.When the ascending, descending leveling bottle keeps balance in arbitrary height, two open to atmosphere liquid levels of U-shaped pipe are all the same with liquid level in the leveling bottle high, it intuitively demonstrates A, B 2 points of diverse location in the primary tank, because position height difference, the pressure size is also inequality, but their piezometric head (Z+P/ ρ g) equates.With the demonstrator base plate is datum water level, can demonstrate three kinds of typical situation, the one, and liquid level is higher than (this moment Z of A, B more than 2 in the bottle
A, Z
B, P
A/ ρ g, P
B/ ρ g be on the occasion of), the 2nd, liquid level (Z at this moment, between 2 of A, B in the bottle
A, Z
BFor just, and P
A/ ρ g is being for just, P
B/ ρ g is for negative), the 3rd, liquid level is positioned at A, B (Z at this moment, below 2 in the bottle
A, Z
BFor just, and P
A/ ρ g and P
B/ ρ g is negative).The physical significance that this demonstration can help the student to understand piezometric head is by relative pressure Calculation Method with helping the student to grasp piezometric head.The key of this teaching aid is to adopt the piezometric tube of U-shaped pipe as A, 2 pressure sizes of B, can demonstrate positive and negative two kinds of relative pressure.As use single straight glass pressure tube meter instead and then can not demonstrate negative relative pressure.
Accompanying drawing 15 is the synoptic diagram of liquid phase to static demonstrator (14).The comb bamboo or wicker fence shape piezometric tube (59) that rotary moveable plate (60), rotating shaft (61) is arranged on the demonstrator among the figure (14) and be fixed on the portable plate is formed liquid phase to static demo system.When demonstrator quickens when mobile in that surface level upper edge comb bamboo or wicker fence piezometric tube place in-plane is even, red water liquid level will become to the low clinoplane of mobile working direction in the piezometric tube.When with finger uniform rotation rotating shaft, portable plate rotates thereupon, and piezometric surface becomes that a center is low, the parabolic curve of two edge heights.This demonstration has illustrated liquid under relative quiescent conditions, the given shape of isopressure surface.This teaching aid has replaced heavy cylinder tank with comb bamboo or wicker fence shape piezometric tube, and simple in structure, cost is low, not consuming electric power and demonstrate true, directly perceived.
Accompanying drawing 16 is the synoptic diagram of streamline demonstrator (15).Organic glass streamline display instrument (32) is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (15), this display instrument is by two parallel poly (methyl methacrylate) plates (73), thin offset plate (46), organic glass watered cup (47) and brass bolt (78) are formed, watered cup (47) is in two parallel poly (methyl methacrylate) plate outer upper end, one row equally distributed streamline hole (78) is respectively arranged on the parallel poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of funnel bottom inboard, but the position level in streamline hole staggers mutually on the two boards, be lined with thin offset plate (46) between two parallel-plates, the offset plate middle part hollows out, and constitutes the mezzanine space that the edge seals with parallel poly (methyl methacrylate) plate.During demonstration, rapid rising pipe under the streamline display instrument is chewed the discharge hose that (45) connect band screw tongs, lentamente clear water is injected interlayer with leveling bottle from bottom to top by this discharge hose, get rid of wherein air, the tongs on the discharge hose is closed in watered cup bottom on clear water enters.Till when the upper end adds the watered cup clear water to fast expiring, open screw clamp a little, treat clear water produce slowly flow after, to a watered cup, add 1～2 milliliter of dense red ink from the upper end with the rubber head straw, red streamline can occur.This demonstration can intuitively demonstrate streamline and mutually disjoint, and be the hydraulic performance of smooth curve forever, there is a circular thin offset plate at the interlayer middle part, and open section variation place of interlayer thin edge offset plate pad is the right angle, be not fillet, this still is the key property of smooth curve in the time of making the demonstration streamline be non-curve shape on the border.
Accompanying drawing 17 is the synoptic diagram of liquid stream energy and conversion demonstrator (16) thereof.This demo system is made up of demonstrator (16), sphygmomanometer ball (82) and demonstrator support (2) among the figure.There is a primary tank (50d) demonstrator (16) lower end, its side has a pipe to chew the upwards pipeline of transporting water that constitutes with 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51) and glass straight tube (54), the outlet of pipeline has a water wheels model (3), the water wheels model is contained in the organic glass turbine cover (63), turbine cover (63) lower end is chewed with the pipe of primary tank upper end and is communicated with, and comprises that therebetween a spring water stopper (56) and connects the glass tube threeway (52) of sphygmomanometer ball (82).Close the following tongs that connects on the sebific duct of turbine cover (63) during demonstration earlier, the glass tube threeway (52) of sphygmomanometer ball exhaust hose with the primary tank upper end is communicated with, be pressed into air with the sphygmomanometer ball in primary tank, red water will rise and impulsion water wheels model rotation along the aqueduct that makes progress under pressure.This demonstrating visual and illustrated that vivo liquid has the mechanical energy of potential energy, pressure energy and three kinds of forms of kinetic energy, and can under certain external condition conversion mutually take place.
Accompanying drawing 18 is the synoptic diagram of continuity equation demonstrator (17).The primary tank (50f) that upper end open, center-aisle narrow down is installed, vertical glass tube (54), the linker of 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51) and sebific duct (55) composition on the demonstrator among the figure (17).Elder generation is communicated with the water delivery long length hose (about 1.5M) of leveling bottle during demonstration with vertical glass tube upper end on the demonstrator.Open the screw tongs on the sebific duct, the rising leveling bottle, allow red water enter vertical glass tube on the demonstrator, and close the screw tongs when being full of primary tank from bottom to top, leveling bottle is placed into than on the much lower floor, classroom of demonstrator, open the screw tongs a little, can intuitively find out in the whole process that red water liquid level descends in primary tank and rise in vertical glass tube, the size of liquid level translational speed and passage section are amassed the size relation of being inversely proportional to, be that big section part flow velocity is little, light section place flow velocity is big.This demonstration has shown the Changing Pattern of mean velocity in section in mode cleverly, helps the student to understand the physical significance of liquid stream continuity equation and consolidates the computing method of continuity equation.
Accompanying drawing 19 is the synoptic diagram of Bai Nuoli equation demonstrator (18).In the horizontal slotted hole at middle part, demonstrator among the figure (18) back side organic glass Bai Nuoli equation demonstration pipe (28) is installed, the demonstrator front is installed with at least nine vertical pressure measurement glass tubes (54), its lower end has each connecting pipe on pilot sebific duct (55) and the back side demonstration pipe to chew (80) to be connected, to constitute the U-shaped piezometric tube.
Accompanying drawing 20 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of uncle's promise equation demonstration pipe (28).The internal diameter of Bai Nuoli equation demonstration pipe (28) divides three sections among the figure, middle little, two is big, has at least three uniform connecting pipes to chew (80) on every section, last connecting pipe is chewed the end near demonstration pipe (28).
Accompanying drawing 21 is the combination synoptic diagram when carrying out the demonstration of Bai Nuoli equation.During demonstration, water tank of voltage regulation (4) and Bai Nuoli equation demonstration pipe (28) are communicated with sebific duct.Open earlier flow regulation screw tongs (57) a little, under the situation that has water to flow, push each piezometric tube lower guide moulding pipe (55) one by one with finger, drain air wherein after, suitably open big tongs again, flow is increased and the maintenance steady flow.Liquid level in positive each piezometric tube of demonstrator (18) (54) has demonstrated the headline shape in the demonstration pipe, the headline of isometrical pipeline section is that longshore current is to the straight line that tilts to descend, the pipeline section headline gradient that diameter is bigger is less, active cross-section dwindles the place, and pressure descends, and active cross-section expansion place pressure rises, the logical atmosphere of outlet section, the liquid level of piezometric tube (54) is the same high with outlet section center, and vacuum tightness appears in middle one section minor diameter pipeline section, and promptly liquid level is lower than pipe centerline in the piezometric tube.If measure flow with stopwatch, measuring cup, calculate mean flow rate in each pipeline section, can more than headline, further draw head line.Illustrated that this demonstrating visual three kinds of mechanical energies of liquid stream not only keep the total amount conservation but also produce the important rule of conversion mutually with external condition.
Accompanying drawing 22 is synoptic diagram of convergent-divergent pipe headline demonstrator (19).In the horizontal slotted hole of middle part, the demonstrator back side organic glass convergent-divergent pipe (29) is installed among the figure, vertical pressure measurement glass tube (54) lower end in demonstrator front has pilot sebific duct (55) to chew (80) with each connecting pipe on the convergent-divergent pipe of the back side to be connected, and constitutes the U-shaped piezometric tube.
Accompanying drawing 23 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of convergent-divergent pipe (29).Have the connecting pipe of even layout to chew on the convergent-divergent pipe (29) (80) among the figure, the diameter two ends of convergent-divergent pipe are big, dwindle to the centre gradually.The directly logical atmosphere of convergent-divergent pipe (29) outlet during demonstration, import is chewed (43) with water delivery hose with the pipe of water tank of voltage regulation (4) bottom and is communicated with.Open earlier water delivery hose tighten up a screw tongs a little, producing under the situation of current, with each piezometric tube lower guide moulding pipe of finger extruding, drain air wherein.Open the king bolt tongs, augmented flow and keep steady flow after, it is two sections minimum curves that raise up of higher centre, two ends that the interior liquid level of each piezometric tube (54) will demonstrate convergent-divergent pipe headline, because the logical atmosphere of outlet, corresponding piezometric surface is the same high with outlet section center all the time, therefore negative relative pressure appears in the convergent-divergent pipe (29), headline below the tube hub line, vacuum tightness maximum on throat's section of diameter minimum.This demonstrating visual has shown the shape about liquid stream headline in the convergent-divergent pipe that is difficult for proof in theory, calculates the convergent-divergent pipe and plays, ends the mean flow rate on the discontinuity surface in section and the minimum if measure flowmeter, can draw the shape of head line.Dwindle flow velocity increase in the pipeline section at section, the hydraulic gradient longshore current is to becoming big, and flow velocity reduces very soon in the section expansion section, and the hydraulic gradient longshore current is to reducing, therefore head line is at the decline curve of the section section of dwindling for raising up, and the head line of section expansion section is to recessed decline curve.
Accompanying drawing 24 is the synoptic diagram of pressure piping vacuum tightness demonstrator (20).The latter end hydraulic pipeline straight down of straight glass tube (54), 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51), glass tube threeway (52), sebific duct (55), tongs (56,57) composition is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (20).With water delivery hose the hydraulic pipeline on water tank of voltage regulation (4) and the demonstrator (20) is communicated with during demonstration, big discharge is being arranged and keeping under the situation of full packages current, open the tongs (56) of water-supply-pipe upper end, can see having air constantly in pipe, to flow into intuitively.The aperture of adjustable pipe way outlet place screw clamp, when aperture is very little, resistance is very big, when flow is very little, open upper end tongs (56), have water outwards to flow out, when opening king bolt gradually and clip to a certain degree, the equilibrium state that water does not go out, air does not enter behind the tongs can appear opening in the water-supply-pipe upper end.This demonstration helps the student to analyze the rule that latter end vertical pipeline upper end pressure changes with this section loss of flood peak size with the Bai Nuoli equation, and occurs the possibility of vacuum tightness.
Accompanying drawing 25 is the synoptic diagram of liquid amount of flow equation demonstrator (21).The glass tube of 90 ° of elbows of lower end band (51) that demonstrator among the figure (21) top is being fixed with cord.During demonstration, the glass tube of the water outlet sebific duct on the leveling bottle with demonstrator (21) upper end is communicated with.The tongs on the sebific duct is opened in rising leveling bottle position, and at current when 90 ° of elbows penetrate from the glass tube lower end, will to be center of rotation with the upper end point of fixity turn over a θ angle towards the opposite direction of outlet current with whole glass tube.Demonstrate to this demonstrating visual when the liquid flow path direction changes, strong effect between liquid and the wall helps the student to understand the equational physical significance of liquid amount of flow.
Accompanying drawing 26 is the synoptic diagram of air manometer demonstrator (22).Air manometer (64) is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (22), the two pilot sebific ducts in air manometer lower end (55) can with flowmeter (33) in the literary virtue of organic glass system, or orifice flowmeter (34), or on-way resistance experiment tube (36), or two connecting pipes on the shock resistance experiment tube (35) are chewed (80) connection.
Accompanying drawing 27 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of flowmeter in the literary virtue (33).It is middle little to scheme Chinese Delhi flowmeter (33) internal diameter, and two ends enlarge forwards, backwards, respectively have a connecting pipe to chew (80) on big section in upper reaches and middle minimum cross section.
Accompanying drawing 28 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of orifice flowmeter (34).The internal diameter of figure aperture plate flowmeter (34) is constant, but in the middle of it orifice plate (89) is arranged, and there is thin-walled aperture (87) in orifice plate central authorities, have two connecting pipes at 90 ° of angles of mutual deviation to chew (80) in the last dirty both sides of orifice plate (89).
Accompanying drawing 29 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of shock resistance experiment tube (35).Experiment tube among the figure (35) internal diameter has each one section of size, respectively has a connecting pipe to chew (80) on each section.
Accompanying drawing 30 is the longitudinal section synoptic diagram of on-way resistance experiment tube (36).Experiment tube among the figure (36) is straight glass tube or copper tube, has connecting pipe to chew (80) at its two ends.
Test in the literary virtue, on-way resistance is tested by flowmeter experiment, orifice flowmeter in order to carry out for accompanying drawing 31, the combination synoptic diagram when shock resistance is tested.During experiment, with sebific duct with water tank of voltage regulation (4) and flowmeter (33,34) or resistance experiment tube (35,36) be communicated with, and connect water outlet sebific duct (55) in the outlet of flowmeter or resistance experiment tube, under the situation that has current to pass through, adjust the glue pipe and tighten up a screw the different opening of folder (57) to obtain different flows, can intuitively find out, when flow is big on the air manometer reading also big.Under various steady flow situations, measure flow with stopwatch, measuring cup, measure water temperature with thermometer, can be by the size of experiment tube or flowmeter, reading on the air manometer (64), calculate resistance coefficient, coefficient of flow and corresponding Reynolds number are further drawn out resistance coefficient, the curve that coefficient of flow changes with Reynolds number.
Accompanying drawing 32 is the synoptic diagram of pipe resistance analysis-by-synthesis demonstrator (23).Two vertical pressure measurement glass tubes (54) are installed, the pipe resistance analysis-by-synthesis demo system that horizontal water delivery glass tube and three screw tongses (57) are formed on the demonstrator among the figure (23).With sebific duct water tank of voltage regulation (4) and demonstrator (23) are gone up horizontal water-supply-pipe import connection during demonstration, and connect the water outlet sebific duct in the water-supply-pipe outlet.As current by the time certain liquid level is respectively arranged in each vertical piezometric tube (54), they each value V
1, V
2The difference in height △ h between the two and the aperture size of each screw tongs have direct relation, before the demonstration, inspire the student that arbitrary variable valve in the pipeline is changed aperture to whole pipeline and every section pipeline loss of flood peak variation relation, i.e. V earlier
1, V
2How to change with △ h and to carry out analysis-by-synthesis, at last with verifying.
In addition, can also use the demonstration of demonstrator (23) and water tank of voltage regulation (4) decomposition pressure line surge phenomenon: before the demonstration, be communicated with the water-supply-pipe import of sebific duct earlier with water tank of voltage regulation and demonstrator (23) bottom.Two the screw tongses in back, demonstrator bottom (57) are taken off, load onto a spring water stopper (56) in the exit, and water tank of voltage regulation (4) and demonstrator (23) are placed on the same desktop, make the demonstrator upper end be higher than the water tank of voltage regulation top.Earlier open the screw tongs in water-supply-pipe front separately during demonstration, allow water flow into water-supply-pipe and after stopping to flow, in each piezometric tube liquid level demonstrate with water tank of voltage regulation in the same horizontal quiet liquid level of the water surface.Open the tongs in water-supply-pipe exit on the demonstrator separately, producing under the maximum flow condition, close this tongs suddenly, can intuitively see that liquid level produces periodic wave phenomenon up and down in each piezometric tube this moment, can rise to the above height of quiet liquid level near the liquid level in piezometric tube of outlet simultaneously.It is strong and produce the physical characteristics of periodic vibration that this demonstration explanation water attack pressure can be higher than maximum static pressure, but want to explain that to the student real water-supply-pipe is steel simultaneously, its elastic deformation is more much smaller than sebific duct, water attack pressure is much higher when therefore in the water conveyance steel tube water attack taking place, and its vibration period is much shorter also.This demonstration can help to understand the reason that water hammer produces, surge wave transmittance process and the measure (when slowly closing outlet valve, can see intuitively that water attack pressure is much smaller) that prevents that water attack from destroying.
Accompanying drawing 33 is the synoptic diagram of long water delivery main line demonstrator (24).The long water delivery main line demo system that water tower model (65), glass straight tube piezometric tube (54), water delivery hose (55) and building model (66), screw tongs (57) are formed is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (24).
Accompanying drawing 34 is the synoptic diagram of long production trunk line demonstrator (25).The long production trunk line demo system that oil tank model (67), transfer pump model (68), glass straight tube piezometric tube (54), oil delivery hose (55) and screw tongs (57) are formed is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (25).Be communicated with sebific duct between the import of water delivery main line on the demonstrator or production trunk line and the water tank of voltage regulation during demonstration.And connect the water outlet sebific duct at the main line end, all the screw tongs should be arranged on the two sections sebific ducts in front and back.By the tighten up a screw adjusting of tongs aperture of water delivery or oil delivery hose on water-in and water-out sebific duct and the demonstrator, can show at demonstrator and the water delivery main line is shown or production trunk line rises, end the energy balance relations under the reasonable terms of piezometric tube head between two sections, help to understand the physical significance of long water delivery main line and long production trunk line hydraulic calculation formula.
Accompanying drawing 35 is the synoptic diagram of parallel pipeline demonstrator (26).The parallel pipeline hydraulic performance demo system of being made up of four vertical glass straight tube piezometric tube (54), two horizontal water delivery glass straight tubes (54) and two organic glass four-way connections (69) and screw tongs (57) is installed on the demonstrator among the figure (26).Left and right two piezometric tube are installed on the four-way connection (69), and it is preceding apart from the equidistant place of four-way (69) that middle two piezometric tube are installed in two horizontal branch pipe ends respectively.During demonstration, connect water tank of voltage regulation (4) and connect water outlet sebific duct (55) with sebific duct respectively at the parallel transistor import and export, when having current to pass through parallel transistor, the liquid level discrepancy in elevation of left and right two piezometric tube demonstrates two arms and rises, only has the identical loss of flood peak between two sections.Turn down the aperture of screw clamp (57), reduce the flow of a following arm, its latter end loss of flood peak will reduce, so liquid level further descends in the following arm latter end piezometric tube.This demonstration said in the parallel pipeline from the negative, and flow is less in the bigger arm of resistance, with the equilibrium state that keeps each arm gross head loss to equate.Help the student to understand the hydraulic performance that the loss of flood peak equates in each arm of parallel pipeline.
Accompanying drawing 36 is the synoptic diagram of branch line demonstrator (27).Be fixed with three glass straight tube piezometric tube (54) on the demonstrator among the figure (27), by glass tube threeway (52) respectively as the piezometric tube that connects main line starting point " water tower " and each arm end " user ".The piezometric tube side has water tower model (65) and building model (66) respectively.During demonstration, with sebific duct water tank of voltage regulation (4) is connected at the water-supply-pipe upper reaches, each terminal temperature difference connects the water outlet sebific duct, producing under the situation about flowing, regulates the aperture of the screw clamp of each " user ", can keep the due liquid level of its piezometric tube.Under the steady flow condition, piezometric tube liquid level difference on the demonstrator between " water tower " and " user ", can demonstrate the energy balance relations between the branch line start-stop section intuitively, help the student to understand the physical significance of its hydraulic calculation formula.
Accompanying drawing 37 is the synoptic diagram of reynolds test instrument (31).Reynolds test instrument among the figure (31) is a poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, coloured liquid funnel glass pipe (74) is installed above, the lower end of funnel glass pipe (74) is connected to entry needle joint (75) and entry needle (77), fluidised form shows that glass tube (76) is connected on the below of syringe needle (77), and forms a U-shaped siphon pipeline with 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51), sebific duct (55) and straight glass tube (54).During experiment reynolds test instrument (31) inserted vertically the adding in the water open slot (41) of water tank of voltage regulation (4), connect the 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51) and the sucking-off air in tube of reynolds test instrument upper end, make to produce siphon and flow with sebific duct.Under the situation that has current by fluidised form demonstration pipe, in look liquid glass tube funnel, add 2～3 milliliters of red ink with the rubber head straw, the red waterline that flows out from entry needle can show that fluidised form demonstrates the streamflow regime the glass tube.When flow is little, when flow velocity hanged down, red water linearly was laminar flow; When flow is big, when flow velocity was high, the violent swing of red waterline even mix strongly with clear water was turbulent flow.Flow is regulated by screw tongs on the water outlet sebific duct, and operation will be tried one's best slowly, does not make the vibration of instrument and sebific duct.Careful regulate suitable flow size, when red waterline has just begun to become non-oscillatory straight line by confusion, measure flow and coolant-temperature gage, can calculate critical Reynolds number R according to fluidised form display tube internal diameter
EkValue.
The main feature of this teaching aid be the fluidised form display tube in cylindrical shape lucite water tank inside, whole teaching aid size decreases, the cylinder water tank of filling water has amplification to red waterline in the fluidised form display tube. Fluidised form display tube diameter is little, critical flow velocity VKHeight is not subject to the interference of instrument slight vibration, and the critical flow state is clear, and critical Reynolds number is more accurate, is about 2000.
Below be the title of each label in the accompanying drawing:
1, teaching aid box; 2, demonstrator support; 3, water wheels model; 4, lucite water tank of voltage regulation; 5, hydraulic ga(u)ge demonstrator; 6, linker isobaris surface demonstrator; 7, linker pressure equilibrium demonstrator; 8, hydraulic ga(u)ge performance demonstrator; 9, compound hydraulic meter demonstrator; 10, relative pressure demonstrator; 11, pressure lineal layout demonstrator; 12, flowing fluid ratio pressure energy demonstrator; 13, static head demonstrator; 14, the relatively static demonstrator of liquid; 15, streamline demonstration demonstrator; 16, liquid stream energy and conversion demonstrator thereof; 17, continuity equation demonstrator; 18, Bai Nuoli equation demonstrator; 19, shaped telescopic tube headline demonstrator; 20, pressure piping vacuum demonstrator; 21, liquid amount of flow equation demonstrator; 22, air manometer demonstrator; 23, pipe resistance analysis-by-synthesis demonstrator; 24, grow water delivery main line demonstrator; 25, long production trunk line demonstrator; 26, parallel pipeline demonstrator; 27, branch line demonstrator; 28, lucite Bai Nuoli equation demonstration tube; 29, lucite shaped telescopic tube; 30, pressure transducer; 31, reynolds test instrument; 32, Display of metal flow line instrument; 33, flowmeter in the lucite literary virtue; 34, lucite orifice flowmeter; 35, lucite local resistance pipe; 36, on-way resistance pipe; 37, teaching aid box dividing plate; 38, demonstrator orientation angle iron block; 39, demonstrator positioning sliding block; 40, lucite cylinder; 41, add the water open slot; 42, aperture, pipe are chewed plate; 43, the standard round column jecket is chewed; 44, blast pipe is chewed; 45, outlet pipe is chewed; 46, the thin offset plate of 1mm; 47, lucite watered cup; 48, φ 8U shape glass tube; 49, φ 12U shape glass tube; 50, primary tank (50a. linker pressure equilibrium primary tank; Compound hydraulic meter primary tank; 50b. pressure is demonstrated primary tank relatively; 50c. pressure lineal layout demonstration primary tank; 50d. flowing fluid ratio pressure energy demonstration primary tank; Liquid stream energy and conversion demonstration primary tank thereof; 50e. static head demonstration primary tank; 50f. continuity equation demonstration primary tank); 51,90 ° of glass tube elbows; 52, T shape threeway glass tube; 53, U-shaped threeway glass tube; 54, straight glass tube; 55, sebific duct; 56, spring water stopper; 57, screw tongs; 58, Pressure gauge (0～0.1MPa); 59, comb bamboo or wicker fence pressure-measuring pipe; 60, portable plate; 61, rotating shaft; 62, bearing; 63, lucite turbine cover; 64, air manometer; 65, water tower model; 66, building model; 67, oil tank model; 68, oil transfer pump model; 69, lucite four-way; 70, copper pipe φ 8 * 1; 71, the little cylinder of sheet iron opening; 72, the thin mould of rubber; 73, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate; 74, look liquid funnel; 75, entry needle joint; 76, fluidised form shows glass tube; 77, No. 9 injection needles; 78, streamline hole (φ 1); 79, brass bolt (M3 * 18); 80, connecting pipe is chewed; 81, level vial; 82, sphygmomanometer ball; 83, filter band; 84, vibration damping sieve plate; 85, water tank of voltage regulation filler dividing plate; 86, water tank of voltage regulation support; 87, thin-walled aperture; 88, plastic bucket; 89, lucite orifice plate.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of combined type hydraulics synthetic instruction apparatus, a complete set of teaching aid comprises hydraulic ga(u)ge demonstrator (5), linker isopressure surface demonstrator (6), linker pressure equilibrium demonstrator (7), hydraulic ga(u)ge performance demonstrator (8), compound hydraulic ga(u)ge demonstrator (9) is pressure demonstrator (10) relatively, pressure straight line distribution demonstrator (11), flowing fluid ratio pressure energy demonstrator (12), static head demonstrator (13), liquid phase is to static demonstrator (14), streamline demonstration demonstrator (15), liquid stream energy and conversion demonstrator (16) thereof, continuity equation demonstrator (17), Bai Nuoli equation demonstrator (18), convergent-divergent pipe headline demonstrator (19), pressure piping vacuum tightness demonstrator (20), liquid amount of flow equation demonstrator (21), air manometer demonstrator (22), pipe resistance analysis-by-synthesis demonstrator (23), long water delivery main line demonstrator (24), long production trunk line demonstrator (25), parallel pipeline demonstrator (26), branch line demonstrator (27), and the accessory of aforementioned demonstrator such as Bai Nuoli equation demonstration pipe (28), convergent-divergent pipe (29), pressure transducer (30), reynolds test instrument (31), streamline display instrument (32), flowmeter in the literary virtue (33), orifice flowmeter (34), shock resistance pipe (35), on-way resistance pipe (36), level vial (81), sphygmomanometer balls (82) etc. is characterized in that:
1) each demonstrator is a rectangle, each demo system that is fixed on the demonstrator all adopts glass straight tube (54), glass U-shaped pipe (48,49), glass tube threeway (52,53), glass tube elbow (51), sebific duct (55) connect and compose experiment or aqueduct on demand, the primary tank that adopts in each experimental system (50), various accessories are promptly demonstrated pipe (meter) and are all adopted organic glass to make;
2) a complete set of teaching aid also comprises what a usefulness organic glass was made, both can make the pressure-stabilizing water supply container in each demonstration, can be used as columnar public water tank of voltage regulation (4) and support (86) thereof that general open containers is used again;
3) a complete set of teaching aid also comprises a demonstrator support (2), and the demonstrator support is the framework that has base plate and triangle fagging, is symmetrically fixed with the gathering sill of four angle bar pieces (39) when inserting as demonstrator on the framework;
4) when carrying out teaching demonstration, the demonstrator of selecting according to the demonstration needs inserts in the gathering sill of demonstrator support (2), by entrance point and the leveling bottle (81) of sebific duct (55) with experiment on the demonstrator or aqueduct, or sphygmomanometer ball (82), or constitute complete demo system after the connection of the water outlet ozzle (43) of water tank of voltage regulation (4) bottom, wherein, when water tank is participated in combination, it is placed on the tank bracket (86), and its bottom is higher than the top of demonstrator;
5) a complete set of teaching aid leaves in the teaching aid case (1), dividing plate (37) is arranged in the teaching aid case and make each demonstrator separate the orientation angle iron block (38) of location.
2, combined type hydraulics Synthetic educational appliance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that a side has the open to atmosphere tank (41) that adds of an opening on the top cover of water tank of voltage regulation, after at the bottom of the narrow meshed lucite spacer in a bottom (85) the straight cutting case, its upper end constitutes with the sidewall of water tank, and there is exhaust nozzle (44) at water tank top cover center; Also be fixed with filter band (83) and vibration damping sieve plate (84) in the water tank, they and dividing plate (85) balanced arrangement, the filter band bottom has aperture, be covered with aperture on the damping block, water tank lateral wall bottom is fixed with metal aperture ozzle plate (42), a thin-walled aperture (87) and a standard round column jecket mouth (43) that an outlet is wherein arranged is trumpet type.
3, combined type hydraulics Synthetic educational appliance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be installed with by primary tank (50a) on the linker pressure equilibrium demonstration demonstrator plate (7), glass straight tube (54), glass tube threeway (52), the demo system that 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51) constitute, wherein there is a spring water stopper (56) primary tank (50a) top, the piezometric tube that side has glass straight tube (54) to do, by glass straight tube (54), 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51), the circulating line that glass threeway (52) is formed, there is a spring water stopper (56) the circulating line upper end, there is a screw tongs (57) lower end, and primary tank (50a) bottom is communicated with the bottom of circulating line, and is connected with the glass straight tube (54) of an end opening by 90 ° of elbows of a glass tube (51).
4, combined type hydraulics Synthetic educational appliance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the pressure demonstration demonstrator (10) primary tank (50b) is installed relatively, primary tank is upper and lower, both sides respectively have a pipe to chew, wherein a side pipe is chewed by 90 ° of elbows of glass tube and is connected with U-shaped pipe (48), and all the other pipes are chewed all spring water stopper (56).
5, combined type hydraulics Synthetic educational appliance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the tetanic line of hydrostatic distributes to demonstrate on the demonstrator (11) primary tank (50c) is installed, primary tank is upper and lower respectively to have a pipe to chew and tongs (56), vertically arranging four pipes on the sidewall chews, by 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51), glass straight tube (54) is connected with the openend of comb bamboo or wicker fence shape piezometric tube (59) respectively with sebific duct (55).
6, combined type hydraulics Synthetic educational appliance according to claim 1 is characterized in that liquid phase to rotary moveable plate (60) and rotating shaft (61) have been installed on the static demonstration demonstrator (14), is fixed with comb bamboo or wicker fence shape piezometric tube (59) on portable plate.
7, combined type hydraulics Synthetic educational appliance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: there is a primary tank (50d) lower end of liquid stream energy and conversion demonstration demonstrator (16) thereof, its side has a pipe to chew the upwards pipeline of transporting water that constitutes with 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51) and glass straight tube (54), the outlet of pipeline has a water wheels model (3), the water wheels model is contained in the organic glass turbine cover (63), turbine cover (63) lower end is chewed with the pipe of primary tank upper end and is communicated with, and comprises that therebetween a spring water stopper (56) and connects the glass tube threeway (52) of sphygmomanometer ball (82).
8, combined type hydraulics Synthetic educational appliance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the horizontal slotted hole at middle part, Bai Nuoli equation demonstration demonstrator (18) back side organic glass Bai Nuoli equation demonstration pipe (28) is installed, at least nine pressure measurement glass straight tubes (54) vertically are installed below, its lower end has the connecting pipe on pilot sebific duct (55) and the back side demonstration pipe to chew (80) to be connected, constitute the U-shaped piezometric tube, the internal diameter of Bai Nuoli equation demonstration pipe (28) divides three sections, middle little, two is big, have at least three uniform connecting pipes to chew (80) on every section, last connecting pipe is chewed the end near demonstration pipe (28).
9, combined type hydraulics Synthetic educational appliance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: streamline demonstration demonstrator (15) is equipped with organic glass streamline display instrument (32), this display instrument is by two parallel poly (methyl methacrylate) plates (73), thin offset plate (46), organic glass watered cup (47) and brass bolt (79) are formed, one row equally distributed streamline hole (78) is respectively arranged on the two parallel poly (methyl methacrylate) plates of watered cup (47) madial wall bottom, but the position level in streamline hole staggers mutually on the two boards, be lined with thin offset plate (46) between two parallel-plates, the offset plate middle part hollows out, and constitutes the mezzanine space that the edge seals with parallel poly (methyl methacrylate) plate.
10, combined type hydraulics Synthetic educational appliance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: reynolds experiment is by coloured liquid funnel glass pipe (74) is installed above the reynolds test instrument (31), the lower end of glass tube (74) is connected to entry needle joint (75) and entry needle (77), fluidised form shows that glass tube (76) is connected on the below of syringe needle (77), and with 90 ° of elbows of glass tube (51), sebific duct (55) and straight glass tube (54) are formed a U-shaped siphon pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90211754 CN2063266U (en) | 1990-01-15 | 1990-01-15 | Comprehensively combined teaching aid for hydraulics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90211754 CN2063266U (en) | 1990-01-15 | 1990-01-15 | Comprehensively combined teaching aid for hydraulics |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2063266U true CN2063266U (en) | 1990-10-03 |
Family
ID=4891498
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90211754 Withdrawn CN2063266U (en) | 1990-01-15 | 1990-01-15 | Comprehensively combined teaching aid for hydraulics |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2063266U (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100416623C (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2008-09-03 | 浙江大学 | Self-circulation electrical momentum law experimental instrument |
| CN102840718A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2012-12-26 | 天津美意机电设备工程有限公司 | Buried system capable of balancing resistance |
| CN103065537A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-04-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Rotary multifunctional open channel testing device |
| CN103794119A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-14 | 呼格吉乐 | Water pressure presentation device |
| CN104750128A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-01 | 浙江大学 | Liquid and gas conversion type pressure transmitting device capable of automatically controlling liquid level |
| CN106560878A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-04-12 | 张合晓 | Pressure intensity demonstration instrument |
-
1990
- 1990-01-15 CN CN 90211754 patent/CN2063266U/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100416623C (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2008-09-03 | 浙江大学 | Self-circulation electrical momentum law experimental instrument |
| CN102840718A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2012-12-26 | 天津美意机电设备工程有限公司 | Buried system capable of balancing resistance |
| CN102840718B (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-11-12 | 天津美意机电设备工程有限公司 | Buried system capable of balancing resistance |
| CN103065537A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-04-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Rotary multifunctional open channel testing device |
| CN103794119A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-14 | 呼格吉乐 | Water pressure presentation device |
| CN103794119B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2015-11-18 | 湖州师范学院 | A kind of hydraulic pressure apparatus for demonstrating |
| CN104750128A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-01 | 浙江大学 | Liquid and gas conversion type pressure transmitting device capable of automatically controlling liquid level |
| CN104750128B (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-09-22 | 浙江大学 | A kind of liquid gas shift type pressure transfer device of energy automatic liquid level control |
| CN106560878A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-04-12 | 张合晓 | Pressure intensity demonstration instrument |
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