CN206120506U

CN206120506U - Artificial knee joint replacement is with thighbone side false body and shin bone side false body

Info

Publication number: CN206120506U
Application number: CN201620269344.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨晨
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-03-31
Filing date: 2016-03-31
Publication date: 2017-04-26
Anticipated expiration: 2026-03-31

Abstract

The utility model discloses an artificial knee joint replacement is with thighbone side false body and shin bone side false body. Thighbone side false body (100) includes: inboard component (51, 131 ), including interior condyle part (51) and inboard coaster part (131), the pass nodal section of interior condyle part shows as one section arc on first ellipse (38) on sagittal view, the pass nodal section of inboard coaster part shows as one section arc on second ellipse or circular (40) on sagittal view, and outside component (91, 141 )Including outside coaster part (141) and ectocondyle part (91), the pass nodal section of outside coaster part shows as one section arc on third ellipse or circular (80) on sagittal view, the pass nodal section of ectocondyle part shows as one section arc on fourth ellipse (78) on sagittal view. Utilize this false body that discloses above -mentioned embodiment can more press close to the geometric shape of normal human thighbone condyle portion, simplified various different model femoral prosthesis's design parameters value greatly.

Description

Artificial knee joint replacement femur side prosthesis and tibia side prosthesis

Technical field

It relates to artificial knee joint replacement technology, and in particular to a kind of artificial knee joint replacement femur side prosthesis.

Background technology

Artificial full knee joint transposing (TKA) is treatment late period osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritiss or traumatic joint Scorching optimal path.Report according to healthy quality research institution (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) Road, the only U.S. just have more than the TKA operations of 600,000 for 1 year, and total cost is up to tens billion of dollars.As a rule, row TKA operations Kneed distal femur be partly cut away to receive femoral prosthesiss element, proximal tibia is partly cut away false to receive tibia Volume elements part.The articular surface geometric properties of femoral prosthesiss element directly affect postoperative knee joint function, so femoral prosthesiss set Meter is most important.Femoral prosthesiss closest to normal human's femur condyle geometric properties could provide closest for the person of undergoing surgery The sensation of Normal Knee.

People are initially considered that femur condyle is a circle, and around a fixed axle rotation.A kind of prior art is proposed The method that TKA femoral prosthesiss are designed with single curvature radius (single radius), as shown in Figure 1.This femoral prosthesiss The principle of 1 design is that ectocondyle in femur is regarded as one section of circular arc of two approximate radius.The two circular centers of circle are not Overlap, but their line is considered as coinciding with femur condyle and wears condyle line (transepicondylar axis, TEA), i.e. femur Interior ectocondyle peak line.That is：TEA is almost equal with the distance of distal femur and postartis surface.It is this with single radius The femoral prosthesiss of principle design are considered to cause art by increasing scholar because lacking femoral-posterior condyles eccentric throw (offset) value One of limited major reason of post-buckling.Motion of knee joint after operation in patients compared with normal human's motion of knee joint, There is very big difference.Meanwhile, the contour design symmetry of this inside and outside postartis does not meet the tension force of ligament in knee sprung Feature, so being believed to result in knee instability.

There is scholar to think that femur condyle is a spiral type later again, and rotary shaft was not fixation, but had one Individual instantaneous center of rotation.Fig. 2 shows the spiral type femur condyle according to prior art, and the TKA femoral prosthesiss condyles are adopted The design principle of instantaneous centre of rotation.The femoral prosthesiss 21 of this principle design are considered as spiral femur condyle joint facial contour Shape, is divided into the curved surface composition of multiple different radius of circles.But it is extremely loaded down with trivial details in the method for this principle design prosthese.

The nineties in last century, scholars support that femur condyle is the viewpoint that circular and rotary shaft is fixed again.Especially core The application of magnetic sagittal bit scan, more so that these researcheres believe firmly that femur condyle is to be made up of multiple circles in sagittal plain.For example Femur condyle profile is considered as to be made up of three or four different circles of radius, and these centers of circle are separated from one another, such as Fig. 3 institutes Show.With the TKA femoral prosthesiss 31 of this principle design, during knee joint is bent and stretched, in the rotation of femur condyle The heart will skip to suddenly the next center of circle from a center of circle.And this unexpected larger center of rotation jump, knee joint will be damaged The stability of prosthese, causes the abrasion of prosthese.

Utility model content

In view of one or more problems of the prior art, it is proposed that the artificial knee joint replacement of the disclosure is false with femur side Body.

According to an aspect of this disclosure, a kind of artificial knee joint replacement femur side prosthesis are disclosed, including：Inner side unit Part, the medial element include interior condyles point and inner side coaster part, and the articular surface of the interior condyles point is showed in sagittal plain For one section of arc on the first ellipse, the articular surface of the inner side coaster part show as that second is oval in sagittal plain or circle on One section of arc, and lateral element, the lateral element include lateral trochlear part and ectocondyle part, the lateral trochlear part Articular surface show as that the 3rd is oval in sagittal plain or circle on one section of arc, the articular surface of the ectocondyle part is in sagittal plain On show as on the 4th ellipse one section of arc.

According to some embodiments, the coaster ditch between the inner side coaster part and the lateral trochlear part is most recessed One section arc of the articular surface at place in sagittal plain for the 5th circle.

According to some embodiments, the major axis of the first ellipse is perpendicular to femur mechanical axis, and its center of circle is corresponding in femur Condyle medial collateral ligament attachment point.

According to some embodiments, the major axis of the 4th ellipse deflects an angle clockwise relative to the major axis of the first ellipse, and And its center of circle corresponds to femoral lateral condyle lateral collateral ligament attachment point.

Overlapped in sagittal plain according to the center of circle of some embodiments, the center of circle of first ellipse and the 4th ellipse, Meet the direction for wearing condyle line TEA, and perpendicular to Whiteside lines.

According to some embodiments, the major axis of the major axis of the second ellipse perpendicular to the first ellipse, and second is oval or circular The center of circle it is oval with the 3rd or the center of circle of circle overlaps in sagittal plain, meet the direction for wearing condyle line TEA, and perpendicular to Whiteside lines.

According to some embodiments, obtained from the major axis and short axle of the first ellipse are intersected with the major axis and short axle of the second ellipse The length of rectangle is between 8mm to 16mm, wide between 4mm to 12mm.

According to the length of line and the first ellipse between the center of circle of some embodiments, the center of circle of the first ellipse and the second ellipse Angular range between axle is between 25 degree to 35 degree.

According to some embodiments, the center of circle of corresponding first ellipse on sagittal plain every aspect overlaps in sagittal plain, And length direction of principal axis is consistent, they constitute condyles shape in complete femur, the line in whole centers of circle in three dimensions upper set Coincide with and wear condyle line TEA and perpendicular to Whiteside lines.

According to some embodiments, the center of circle of the 4th ellipse on sagittal plain every aspect overlaps in sagittal plain, and long Short-axis direction is consistent, and they constitute complete femoral lateral condyle portion shape, the line coincident in whole centers of circle in three dimensions upper set In wearing condyle line TEA and perpendicular to Whiteside lines and consistent with condyle circle center line connecting coincidence in femur.

According to some embodiments, the center of circle of the second ellipse or circle on sagittal plain every aspect is heavy in sagittal plain Close, trochoid face shape on the inside of complete femur is arranged to make up on three dimensions.

According to some embodiments, when trochoid face is in concentration ellipse on the inside of the femur, these oval length direction of principal axis Identical, each oval eccentricity is different, and these oval sizes sort in Fibonacci sequence, the line coincident in whole centers of circle In wearing condyle line TEA and perpendicular to Whiteside lines.

According to some embodiments, the center of circle of the 3rd ellipse or circle on sagittal plain every aspect is heavy in sagittal plain Close, complete lateral side of femur trochoid face shape is arranged to make up on three dimensions.

According to some embodiments, when lateral side of femur trochoid face is in concentric circular, the line coincident in whole centers of circle is in wearing Condyle line TEA and perpendicular to Whiteside lines and consistent with circle center line connecting coincidence in trochoid face on the inside of femur.

According to some embodiments, the rear portion of the ectocondyle part is shorter than in sagittal plain and short after the interior condyles point Portion.

According to some embodiments, the leading edge of the lateral trochlear part is longer than in sagittal plain and higher than the inner side coaster Partial leading edge.

According to some embodiments, whole femur is determined by the first oval and the second ellipse mutual relation and parameter size The lateral surface of prosthese and the geometry design parameter in inboard face.

According to some embodiments, the interior condyles point are expressed as one section of circular arc, the circle in the articular surface of Coronal The center of circle of shape is overlapped with the center of circle of the first ellipse, and radius is the semi-minor axis of first ellipse.

According to some embodiments, the interior condyles divide the articular surface in Coronal to be expressed as the angle model of one section of arc of circle Enclose for 50 degree to 90 degree.

According to some embodiments, the ectocondyle part is expressed as one section of oval arc in the articular surface of Coronal, described ellipse The round center of circle is overlapped with the center of circle of the 4th ellipse.

According to some embodiments, the ectocondyle part Coronal articular surface be expressed as ellipse one section of arc angle model Enclose for 50 degree to 90 degree.

According to some embodiments, the ectocondyle part is expressed as one section of circular arc, its center of circle in the articular surface of Coronal Coincide with the center of circle of the 4th ellipse, and radius is the semi-minor axis of the 4th ellipse.

According to some embodiments, the intercondylar structural adjustment of the prosthese Jing, it is adaptable to which ligamentaum cruciatum conservative prosthese is rear steady Sizing prosthese overhauls the 3D printing prosthese of type prosthese or individuation, or is applied to patella not displaced type prosthese, and patella is put Remodel prosthese, or be applied to dynamic alignment (kinematic alignment) type prosthese or assembly type prosthese.

According to some embodiments, the wheelbase of the prosthese and the parameter that condyle in Coronal femur is circular and femoral lateral condyle is oval Size is directly related.

According to some embodiments, the angular range of one section of arc on first ellipse is 150 degree to 200 degree, described the The angular range of one section of arc on four ellipses is 120 degree to 160 degree.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a kind of tibia side prosthesis, with above-mentioned artificial knee joint replacement stock Bone side prosthesis are used cooperatively, wherein, the Coronal shape of the tibia side prosthesis includes medial tibial plateau face and lateral tibial Flat surface, the medial tibial plateau face are to adapt to the round-shaped round concave shape of condyle Coronal in femur, and the lateral tibial is put down Table top is the oval spill for adapting to femoral lateral condyle Coronal elliptical shape.

According to some embodiments, in order to be applied to dynamic alignment (kinematic alignment) type tibial plateau osteotomy Face, the floor design of the tibia side prosthesis is 0 degree, 1 degree, 2 degree, 3 degree of inward turning angle.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a kind of artificial knee joint replacement femur side prosthesis, including：Inner side unit Part, the medial element include interior condyles point and inner side coaster part, and the articular surface of the interior condyles point is showed in sagittal plain For one section of arc in the first circle, the articular surface of the inner side coaster part show as that second is oval in sagittal plain or circle on One section of arc, and lateral element, the lateral element include lateral trochlear part and ectocondyle part, the lateral trochlear part Articular surface show as that the 3rd is oval in sagittal plain or circle on one section of arc, the articular surface of the ectocondyle part is in sagittal plain On show as on the 4th ellipse one section of arc.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a kind of artificial knee joint replacement femur side prosthesis, including：Inner side unit Part, the medial element include interior condyles point and inner side coaster part, and the articular surface of the interior condyles point is showed in sagittal plain For one section of arc on the first ellipse, the articular surface of the inner side coaster part show as that second is oval in sagittal plain or circle on One section of arc, and lateral element, the lateral element include lateral trochlear part and ectocondyle part, the lateral trochlear part Articular surface show as that the 3rd is oval in sagittal plain or circle on one section of arc, the articular surface of the ectocondyle part is in sagittal plain On show as in the 4th circle one section of arc.

The geometric shape of normal human's femur condyle, and letter can more be pressed close to using the prosthese of disclosure above-described embodiment The design parameter value of various different model femoral prosthesiss is changed.

Description of the drawings

In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present disclosure or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing Accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skill in the art Speech, without having to pay creative labor, can be to obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings：

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the femoral prosthesiss for describing prior art；

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the femoral prosthesiss for describing another prior art；

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the femoral prosthesiss for describing another prior art；

Fig. 4 A are descriptions according to condyle sagittal plain generalized section in the knee joint of the femoral prosthesiss of the embodiment of the present disclosure；

Fig. 4 B are descriptions according to coaster sagittal plain generalized section on the inside of the knee joint of the femoral prosthesiss of the embodiment of the present disclosure；

Fig. 5 shows the coaster most recess sagittal plain generalized section in the femoral prosthesiss according to the embodiment of the present disclosure；

Fig. 6 shows that the knee joint femoral ectocondyle and femoral bone pulley sagittal plain of the femoral prosthesiss according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is cutd open Face schematic diagram；

Fig. 7 A show the body knee joint sagittal plain femur condyle of the femoral prosthesiss according to the embodiment of the present disclosure it is oval and Circular structure overlaps schematic diagram；

The oval circular coronalplane diagram of ectocondyle in femur in the femoral prosthesiss that Fig. 7 B show according to the embodiment of the present disclosure；

Fig. 8 shows and illustrate each oval and circular relation special according to the femoral prosthesiss sagittal plain profile of the disclosure Point, and morphosiss；

Fig. 9 A show that the femoral prosthesiss axle position profile of the disclosure illustrates the unsymmetry of femoral prosthesiss articular surface and inner The symmetry of side, and the inward turning of condyles point is moved towards in femur；And

Fig. 9 B show the disclosure femoral prosthesiss Coronal rearview illustrate patella do not replace in the case of femur inside and outside The coronal configuration state of condyle and corresponding terrace part structure.

Specific embodiment

The specific embodiment of the disclosure is described more fully below, it should be noted that the embodiments described herein is served only for citing Illustrate, be not limited to the disclosure.In the following description, in order to provide thorough understanding of this disclosure, a large amount of spies are elaborated Determine details.It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that：This public affairs need not be carried out using these specific details Open.In other instances, in order to avoid obscuring the disclosure, known material or method are not specifically described.

The several of normal human's femur condyle and coaster portion are more pressed close to according to the TKA femoral prosthesiss profile of the embodiment of the present disclosure What feature.One or more following embodiments detail this ellipse principle and are applied to the method for designing of femoral prosthesiss.One Or multiple embodiments will be showed with graphic form.But these diagrams and explanation are not intended to limit in disclosure innovation to be protected Hold.Each diagram and explanation will be associated with other diagrams.

According to one or more embodiments, the femoral prosthesiss element that the disclosure is provided includes：Femoral prosthesiss articular surface and stock Bone prosthese inboard face.Wherein, femoral prosthesiss articular surface is divided into the medial condyle of femoral prosthesiss, lateral condyle, inner side coaster, outer sideslip again Car, coaster most concave layer face.The inboard face of femoral prosthesiss be divided into again the front tangent plane of femoral prosthesiss, remote tangent plane, rear tangent plane, front bevel, Back bevel.Specifically, with tibial medial compartment articulated type connection part when the femoral prosthesiss medial condyle refers to motion of knee joint Point；With lateral of tibia compartment articulated type coupling part when the femoral prosthesiss lateral condyle refers to motion of knee joint；In the femur Sideslip car refers to part corresponding with medial patellar during motion of knee joint；When the lateral side of femur coaster refers to motion of knee joint Part corresponding with patella lateral surface；The femoral bone pulley most concave layer face refers to the intersecting aspect of lateral trochlear in femur, and which faces Corresponding to Whiteside line positions on bed.The front tangent plane of the femoral prosthesiss refers to that femoral prosthesiss are adjoined on front side of femur after inserting The part of condyle osteotomy surface；The remote tangent plane of the femoral prosthesiss refers to that femoral prosthesiss adjoin distal femur condyles osteotomy surface after inserting Part；After the femoral prosthesiss, tangent plane refers to that femoral prosthesiss adjoin the part of condyle osteotomy surface on rear side of femur after inserting；The femur Prosthese front bevel is referred to and is connected to front tangent plane and remote tangent plane part；The femoral prosthesiss back bevel refer to be connected to remote tangent plane and after Tangent plane part.It should be noted that " front " used herein refers to the veutro towards human body；" afterwards " refer to the back of the body towards human body Side；" near " refers to the rostral towards human body；" remote " refers to caudal towards human body, etc..Similarly, " sagittal plain ", " coronal The description of position " and " axle position " is defined with anatomical planes." trunnion axis " sensing " front " " afterwards " direction parallel to ground；It is " vertical Axle " points to " remote " " near " direction and perpendicular to ground.In general, " solstics " of femoral prosthesiss element refers to that knee joint is complete The farthest contact point set up with corresponding tibia support member when stretching；" rearmost point " of femoral prosthesiss element is referred to and " solstics " Perpendicular femoral prosthesiss rear eccentric throw maximum of points." First Point " of femoral prosthesiss element refers to contrary with " rearmost point " Eccentric throw maximum of points in front of femoral prosthesiss.

The embodiment of disclosure description is shown as the element of left femur prosthese.Right side femur prosthetic element and left femur Prosthetic element is in sagittal plain mirror image.Therefore, we state that the characteristic principle of femoral prosthesiss described herein is equally applicable to left knee joint Or right knee joint configuration.It should be clear that, the femoral prosthesiss design of the disclosure includes " ligamentaum cruciatum conservative " (CR) prosthese.It is another Some expected designs include " posterior stabilized " (PS) prosthese and " intermediate restricted type " (MLC) prosthese etc..Wherein " ligamentaum cruciatum retains (CR) prosthese, relative to " posterior stabilized " (PS) prosthese, eliminates the cam structure and tibial prosthesis on femoral prosthesiss element to type " Pillar construction on element.This causes " ligamentaum cruciatum conservative ", and (CR) prosthese shows as entirety between lateral condyle and medial condyle Intercondylar space that is unlimited and not interrupted by femoral cam structure.And " posterior stabilized " (PS) prosthese and " intermediate restricted type " (MLC) prosthese can be suitably modified by the femoral prosthesiss Jing of the disclosure and increase cam structure and tibia on femoral prosthesiss element Pillar construction in support member is formed.Therefore, all characteristics of principle described in the disclosure all can be false with any potential expected femur Body design is used in the lump.Although any potential expected femoral prosthesiss design potentially includes all features described herein, Envisioning some potential expected femoral prosthesiss designs can be according to special applications or other situation demand, and omission or increase are retouched here Some features stated.

According to one or more other embodiments of the present disclosure, in sagittal plain, in femoral prosthesiss, facies malleolaris lateralis profile is by ellipse Circle is constituted, and inside and outside trochoid facial contour is made up of oval and/or circle；On Coronal, facies malleolaris lateralis profile in femoral prosthesiss It is made up of oval and circle.

For example, inside and outside femoral prosthesiss, condyles point are designed construction with oval principle, are one section of arc of ellipse.Its In middle femur, condyle is oval slightly larger, and its longer axis parallel is in horizontal line；Femoral lateral condyle it is oval slightly smaller, its long axis direction is with reference to stock In bone, condyle is oval in the certain angle that turns clockwise.Meanwhile, in femur, the oval center of circle of ectocondyle is in femoral prosthesiss sagittal plain Overlap performance, meets the direction for clinically wearing condyle line TEA.

For another example, in sagittal plain, in femur, each aspect of condyle articular cartilage face sagittal plain is oval set, and they are three Condyles shape inside and outside complete femur is constituted on dimension space.Wherein in femur, the direction of condyle articular cartilage face is perpendicular to wearing condyle line (TEA) and parallel to the concentration ellipse structure of Whiteside lines；The direction of femoral lateral condyle is perpendicular to wearing condyle line (TEA) and flat Row is in the concentration ellipse structure of Whiteside lines.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, femoral prosthesiss coaster part is designed construction with circle and oval principle.Femur Coaster ditch most recess articular surface is one section of circular arc；On the inside of femur, trochoid face is one section of arc in oval or circle； Lateral side of femur trochoid face is one section of arc in circular or ellipse.Oval short-axis direction therein is in femur The oval major axis of condyle.The center of circle of the oval or circle of femoral bone pulley part is in sagittal plain in the performance that overlaps.

For example, in sagittal plain, each aspect of whole femoral bone pulleys can be with oval or circular performance.They are in three-dimensional space Between upper constitute complete femoral bone pulley portion structure.On the inside of femur, each aspect of trochoid cartilage surface sagittal plain is oval set, And these oval length direction of principal axis are identical, each oval center of circle concentric arrays.But each oval eccentricity not phase Together.These oval sizes for example sort in Fibonacci sequence.The rounded performance of whole lateral side of femur coaster aspects, though often The circular radius size of individual lateral trochlear is different, but its center of circle projection overlaps.

For example, nuclear-magnetism (MRI) sagittal bit scan is kneed optimal or most correct position mode：At scanned knee joint When 0 degree of position is stretched, knee joint axle position positioning is mutually set as the ectocondyle peak line direction along femur, knee joint Coronal Positioning is mutually set as along tangent tibial plateau articular surface direction.In femoral prosthesiss, condyle geometric properties can be represented with ellipse, belonged to One section of arc on this ellipse, the scope of such as radian is 150 degree to 200 degree.In one embodiment, choose condyle in femur The sagittal plain aspect that rearmost point eccentric throw (offset) maximum is located, that is, condyle intermediate surface in femur, condyle in shown femur With oval relation such as Fig. 4 A.Before when stretching from medial meniscuses anterior angle 33,42 articular cartilage face of condyle 36 is formed in the femur Incisura recess 34 starts, to the rear incisura recess that condyle 42 is formed in the femur during 43 high flexing position of medial meniscuses relief angle 35 terminate, and in the femur of this section, the articular cartilage face 36 of condyle 42 overlaps with one oval 38.The major axis of this ellipse 38 is perpendicular to femur Mechanical axis, its center of circle 39 on MRI axial scans (Fig. 9 A) corresponding to condyle medial collateral ligament attachment point 123 in femur.At one In embodiment, the semi-major axis of this ellipse 38 is 31mm, and semi-minor axis is 25mm, and eccentricity is 0.591.In another embodiment, Oval semi-major axis is 27mm herein, and semi-minor axis is 22mm, and eccentricity is 0.58.In various embodiments, its semi-major axis exists Between 20mm to 35mm, between semi-minor axis 16mm to 30mm, eccentricity is between 0.5 to 0.7.Meanwhile, by the oval center of circle 39 With the angle α between 34,35 line of in front and back incisura；Angle β between the oval center of circle 39 and 35 line of rear incisura and oval 38 major axis, 36 shape length of this section of articular cartilage face can be described.In one embodiment, angle α is 180 degree, and angle β is 35 Degree.In another embodiment, angle α is 190 degree, and angle β is 40 degree.In various embodiments, angle α is at 170 degree to 195 Between degree, angle β is between 20 degree to 45 degree.In most cases, have no in femur in front of condyle intermediate surface in femur Sideslip car articular surface, i.e., in femur, the ellipse 38 of condyle intermediate surface does not correspond to coaster First Point eccentric throw on the inside of femur (offset) maximum aspect, and the two aspects is oval not consistent.Therefore, it can 38 edges of condyle ellipse in this femur MRI sagittal plain scanning direction projects coaster First Point eccentric throw (offset) maximum aspect, such as Fig. 4 B on the inside of femur.Since then The front incisura recess46 that 42 articular cartilage face of condyle 36 is formed in the femur when aspect medial meniscuses anterior angle 45 is stretched starts, Go up forward trochoid cartilage surface 37 on the inside of so far aspect femur to terminate, this section of trochoid cartilage surface 37 can be with an ellipse 40 One section of arc represent.Though showing as circle preferably for this section of articular surface of a part of experimenter's femoral prosthesiss, great majority are received The femoral prosthesiss of examination person show as oval preferable.On the inside of this femur, the major axis of trochoid cartilage surface ellipse 40 is perpendicular to femur The major axis of interior condyle intermediate surface ellipse 38.This ellipse 40 is to be with the circle 70 on femoral bone pulley as shown in Figure 5 most concave layer face Benchmark is done, so the center of circle 41 and the center of circle 41 of the femoral bone pulley most circle 70 of concave layer face (Fig. 5) of this ellipse 40, in sagittal plain The projection of scanning overlaps.In one embodiment, the semi-major axis of this ellipse 40 is 29mm, and semi-minor axis is 27mm, and eccentricity is 0.365.In various embodiments, the semi-major axis of this ellipse 40 is between 20mm to 35mm, between semi-minor axis 20mm to 30mm.Always For body, this oval 40 semi-major axis is little with the difference of semi-minor axis, such as 1mm, 2mm, or 3mm.Meanwhile, by the center of circle 41 with front cut Angle γ between mark 46 and coaster cartilage surface end point line, the center of circle 41 to coaster cartilage surface end point line and this ellipse 40 half Angle γ ' between short axle, you can the arc 37 of this section of trochoid cartilage surface is described.In various embodiments, angle Between 40 degree to 80 degree, angle γ ' spends between 40 degree γ -5.

According to some embodiments, in femur on the inside of the center of circle 39 of condyle ellipse 38 and femur the center of circle 41 of coaster ellipse 40 position The spatial relation that relation determines whole femur condyle and femoral bone pulley portion is put, the ginseng in footpath in the external diameter of femoral prosthesiss is decide Numerical value.The rectangle 50 that surrounds can be intersected to state it with condyle in femur oval 38 with the major and minor axis of coaster ellipse 40 on the inside of femur Between relation.In one embodiment, the length 107 of rectangle 50 is 13mm, and wide 109 is 9mm.In another embodiment, The length 107 of rectangle 50 is 12mm, and wide 109 is 7mm.In various embodiments, the length 107 of rectangle 50 is between 8mm to 16mm, wide 109 between 4mm to 12mm.39,41 line of the center of circle of the two ellipses 38,40 with femur condyle ellipse 38 major axis angle be θ.In one embodiment, θ is 32 degree.In another embodiment, θ is 35 degree.In various embodiments, θ angular ranges exist Between 25 degree to 35 degree.

Femoral bone pulley most concave layer face 62 is the aspect that clinically Whiteside lines are located, as shown in Figure 5.This aspect 62 It is to determine the important foundation of trochoid face geometric shape inside and outside femur.This 62 articular cartilage of coaster aspect can most preferably be coincided with Face 64, and while remain to most preferably coincide with the circle in this 62 subchondral bone face 65 of aspect after scaled down, have and only one Individual circular 70.The center of circle 41 of this circle 70 is on the inside of the MRI sagittal plain scanning projections, with femur outside coaster 40 centers of circle of ellipse and femur 80 centers of circle of sideslip car circle overlap, and the former capital center of circle 41 represents.Blumensaat lines 63 clinically are included by this circle 70.Class Statement above is similar to, the trochoid cartilage surface 64 of this aspect 62 is one section of arc of the circle 70, and can use the circle 70 Radius and angle are represented.Before and after the center of circle 41 and trochoid cartilage surface 64, the angle of boundary's line is ψ；The center of circle 41 and articular cartilage face The line of 64 prezones and trunnion axis angle are ε.In one embodiment, the radius of this circle 70 is 24mm, and ψ is 100 degree, and ε is 0 Degree.In another embodiment, the radius of this circle 70 is 25mm, and ψ is 105 degree, and ε is 5 degree.In various embodiments, this circle 70 radius size of shape is 16mm to 30mm, and ψ scopes from 90 degree to 125 degree, spend to 10 degree from -20 by ε scopes.And the half of this circle 70 In footpath and femur, the semimajor axis length of condyle ellipse 38 is in specific ratios relation, and such as 2/5,3/5 or 3/4.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, femoral lateral condyle geometry can be represented with ellipse, belong to a section of this ellipse The scope of arc, such as radian is 120 degree to 160 degree.In one embodiment, femoral lateral condyle rearmost point eccentric throw can be chosen (offset) the sagittal plain aspect that maximum is located, that is, femoral lateral condyle intermediate surface, is also stock simultaneously in this aspect sagittal plain Bone lateral trochlear First Point eccentric throw (offset) maximum aspect, shown each relation such as Fig. 6.Stretch from lateral meniscuses anterior angle 73 The front incisura recess74 formed in 82 articular cartilage face of femoral lateral condyle 76 during straight position starts, and bends to lateral meniscuses relief angle 83 is high The rear incisura recess75 formed in femoral lateral condyle 82 during bent position terminates, the articular cartilage face 76 and of the femoral lateral condyle 82 of this section Oval 78 are completely superposed.The major axis of this ellipse 78 relative in femur condyle ellipse 38 major axis, in the certain angle Ω that turns clockwise, It is for example 12 degree in one embodiment, is 18 degree in another embodiment, in various embodiments, Ω averagely rotates 5 degree to 25 Between degree.Its center of circle 79 coincides with the center of circle 39 of condyle ellipse 38 in femur in sagittal plain projection；(Fig. 9 A) correspondence in MRI axle positions In femoral lateral condyle lateral collateral ligament attachment point 122.In one embodiment, the semi-major axis of this ellipse 78 is 30mm, and semi-minor axis is 26mm；In another embodiment, the semi-major axis of this ellipse 78 is 26mm, and semi-minor axis is 23mm.In various embodiments, this is ellipse , between 21mm to 33mm, between semi-minor axis 16mm to 30mm, eccentricity is between 0.5 to 0.7 for the semi-major axis of circle 78.Meanwhile, By measure center 79 and incisura 74 in front and back, the angle between 75 linesThe center of circle 79 and 75 line of rear incisura are grown with ectocondyle oval 78 Angle ζ between axle, you can 76 arc of this section of articular surface is described exactly.In one embodiment,For 130 degree, ζ is 40 degree.In various embodiments, angleBetween 120 degree to 160 degree, angle ζ is between 30 degree to 70 degree.

In this aspect, start to lateral side of femur trochoid cartilage surface 77 to terminate from front incisura recess74, this section 77 Available circular 80 represent.Although oval preferable, most of experimenters' performances are shown as a part of experimenter part Still for circle preferably.The center of circle 41 of this 72 circle 80 of lateral side of femur coaster aspect in the MRI sagittal plain with femur on the inside of coaster it is ellipse Justify 40 center of circle, and the center of circle in femoral bone pulley most concave layer face 62 is completely superposed.The radius of this circle 80 25mm to 35mm it Between, such as 28mm, or 26mm.Circular 80 center of circle 41 and the line of oval 78 lower section intersection point, circular 80 center of circle 41 and stock Bone lateral trochlear cartilage joint face end point line, the angle between them is ρ；Circular 80 center of circle 41 and lateral side of femur coaster Angle between the line and trunnion axis of cartilage surface end point is ρ '.Angle ρ between 80 degree to 120 degree, such as 90 degree, 100 Spend or 110 degree；Angle ρ ' is spent between 20 degree -30, such as -10 degree, 0 degree, or 10 degree.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, femur condyle is on MRI sagittal plain scanning direction：Ectocondyle articular cartilage face in femur Ellipse is almost can use to represent, trochoid cartilage surface almost can use oval and/or circular expression, femur inside and outside femur Coaster most recess (i.e. coaster ditch center) is circular expression, such as Fig. 7 A.

In femur, each aspect of condyle articular cartilage face sagittal plain is the oval set 92 of concentric, and wherein each ellipse is big Little difference, length direction of principal axis is consistent and overlaps, and each ellipse has approximate eccentricity, such as Fig. 7 A.This represents femoral lateral condyle The same sagittal direction of prosthese direction of travel.So the real direction of condyle articular cartilage face is parallel to Whiteside lines, vertically in femur In wearing condyle line (TEA).The each aspect of femoral lateral condyle articular cartilage face sagittal plain is oval set 93, such as Fig. 7 A.Wherein each Oval is of different sizes, and length direction of principal axis is consistent and approximately overlaps, i.e., each oval center of circle approximately overlaps in concentric arrays. This represents the same sagittal direction of femoral lateral condyle prosthese direction of travel.So the real direction of femoral lateral condyle articular cartilage face be parallel to Whiteside lines, perpendicular to wearing condyle line (TEA).On the inside of femur, each aspect of trochoid cartilage surface sagittal plain is oval set (Fig. 7 A), and these oval length direction of principal axis are identical, each oval center of circle concentric arrays.But each oval eccentricity And differ.These oval sizes for example sort in Fibonacci sequence.MRI sagittal bit scan femur condyles, whole femurs The rounded performance of lateral trochlear aspect, though the circular radius size of each lateral trochlear is different, its center of circle 41 projects counterpoise Close (Fig. 7 A).

On the coronalplane in the condyle ellipse center of circle 39 in the femur and the femoral lateral condyle ellipse center of circle 79, ectocondyle hat in its femur Shape position articular surface 95,97 can be represented with circular and ellipse, such as Fig. 7 B.With in femur condyle ellipse the center of circle 39 as the center of circle, one is circular 94 can coincide with condyle Coronal articular surface 95 in femur well, and its radius of circle is equal to the semi-minor axis of condyle ellipse 38 in femur.This The radian of section articular surface can represent with angle λ that the scope of such as radian is 50 degree to 90 degree.Vertical line point λ is λ 1 and λ 2, wherein λ 1 and λ 2 can be with equal, it is also possible to unequal.In one embodiment, λ angles are 65 degree；In another embodiment, λ angles For 70 degree.Centered on the femoral lateral condyle ellipse center of circle 79, an ellipse 96 turns clockwise 1 degree of δ, and just tangent with inner circular 94 And coincide with femoral lateral condyle Coronal articular surface 97.The eccentricity of this ellipse 96 is equal to 0.618, as perfect oval.This section is closed The radian of nodal section can represent with angle δ that the scope of such as radian is 50 degree to 90 degree.Vertical line point δ is δ 1 and δ 2, wherein 1 Hes of δ δ 2 is unequal.In one embodiment, δ angles are 70 degree；In another embodiment, δ angles are 75 degree.

There is oval sagittal postartis geometric shape, oval and/or circular arrow according to the femur side prosthesis of the embodiment of the present disclosure Shape coaster geometric shape, outside postartis are short less than inner side postartis, and lateral trochlear length is higher than inner side coaster.According to above example, In known femur, the center of circle 39 of condyle ellipse 38 and the center of circle 79 of femoral lateral condyle ellipse 78 coincide, and coaster ellipse 40 on the inside of femur The center of circle 41 in the center of circle 41, the center of circle 41 of lateral side of femur coaster circle 80 and femoral bone pulley most recess circle 70 coincide, therefore root 100 sagittal plain profile of TKA femoral prosthesiss according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is as shown in Figure 8.100 points of the femoral prosthesiss of the disclosure are joint Face part, i.e., the prosthese peripheral surface contacted with patella and tibia during motion of knee joint；With inner lateral parts, i.e. stock Bone prosthese adjoins the part of femur condyle osteotomy surface and bone cement after inserting.The sagittal articular surface of femoral prosthesiss 100 is designed as not Symmetric form.The anteroposterior diameter and height size of 100 articular surface of femoral prosthesiss, by five fundamentals 38,40 for constituting articular surface, 70,78,80 parameter and θ, β angle are determined.For convenience of describing, femoral prosthesiss 100 can be divided in femoral prosthesiss half Portion's element includes that condyles divide coaster part 131 on the inside of 51 and femoral prosthesiss in femoral prosthesiss；Femoral prosthesiss outer half element is Including femoral prosthesiss ectocondyle part 91 and femoral prosthesiss lateral trochlear part 141；Femoral prosthesiss coaster ditch 101 is that coaster is most recessed flat Face is located.In sagittal plain, in femoral prosthesiss, the articular surface geometric shape of half portion element 51,131 is by oval 38 and ellipse 40 It is bonded；The articular surface geometric shape of femoral prosthesiss outer half element 91,141 is bonded by oval 78 and circular 80； 101 articular surface geometric shape of femoral prosthesiss coaster ditch is constituted by circular 70.

The joint facial contour of femoral prosthesiss is in asymmetric performance, the Outboard Sections of femoral prosthesiss relative to inboard portion to Before.So the rear ectocondyle eccentric throw offset value of femoral prosthesiss is less than inner side, and height is less than inner side.The preartis of femoral prosthesiss is inclined The heart is more than inner side away from offset values.See in axle position, femoral prosthesiss carry outward turning.On the whole, after femoral prosthesiss ectocondyle less than low Protection, this structure is needed to be conducive to increasing knee sprung angle in the profile of rear interior condyle.Femoral prosthesiss joint facial contour Anteroposterior diameter and height can apply constitute femoral prosthesiss it is oval, circular, and important angle value accurately calculated.Its parameter Value produces corresponding change with the change of femoral prosthesiss model.

In sagittal plain, femoral prosthesiss outer half element 91,141 is relative to half portion element in femoral prosthesiss 51,131 to previous Set a distance.This distance has different parameters value, such as 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, or 4mm because of the different model of prosthese.Tool For body, the rear portion of femoral prosthesiss ectocondyle 91 is smaller than the rear portion of the short condyle in femoral prosthesiss 51.This results between them Range difference Dp, and height difference H d, such as Fig. 8.The parameter value of Dp and Hd is not fixed value, and which is with the different change of prosthese model And change, i.e., they are with the ellipse 38 of composition articular surface, 40,78 and circular 70,80 parameter value variation and change.For example The numerical value of Dp can be 2mm, 3mm, or 4mm；The numerical value of Hd can be 1mm, 2mm, or 3mm.Femoral prosthesiss ectocondyle 91 Rear end is slightly in pointed；And 51 rear end of condyle is slightly in flat blunt 107 in femoral prosthesiss.The parameter value of this flat dull face 107 is also Change as prosthese model is different.The outer rim of femoral prosthesiss lateral trochlear part 141, in sagittal plain more forward； The outer rim of coaster part 131 on the inside of femoral prosthesiss, such as Fig. 9 A are higher than in axle position.This results in the distance between they and differ from Da. The numerical value of Da is not fixed, and it is with the ellipse 38,40,78 of composition articular surface and circular 70,80 Parameters variation Change.The numerical value of such as Da can be 2mm, 3mm, or 4mm, 5mm.100 upper front edge of femoral prosthesiss, 118,119,120 tangent The cortical bone in front of the femoral shaft, which is designed as short straight line shape, to reduce patella pressure, wherein the peak level of upper front edge In the peak of femoral bone pulley most recess circle 70.

The inboard profile of femoral prosthesiss is beneficial to osteotomy step and gap equilibrium step in symmetrical performance.Its osteotomy line pair The parameter value of the inboard profile answered can apply constitute femoral prosthesiss it is oval, circular, and important angle value accurately counted Calculate.Its parameter value produces corresponding change with the change of femoral prosthesiss model.

The inboard face 52,53,54,55,56 of femoral prosthesiss 100 is to correspond the rectangle of contact after distal femur osteotomy Structure (comprising/do not contain bone cement).To simplify osteotomy step, and gap balancing technique in being easy to art, is carried out, femoral prosthesiss 100 Inboard face is designed as symmetrical rectangular.Femoral prosthesiss inboard face rear tangent plane 52 perpendicular to trunnion axis, i.e., in condyle in femur The major axis of side ellipse 38, such as Fig. 8.The rear tangent plane 52 of the disclosure can be cut to the knot of the articular surface of ectocondyle 42,82 in femur just Beam position, such as Fig. 4 B, and shown in Fig. 6.And after the inner side ellipse 38 of condyle can determine that femoral prosthesiss inboard face in the femur 52 location of tangent plane and height parameter.In femoral prosthesiss after condyles points 51 on the inside of facies artieularis malleolaris end point and condyle in femur The line in oval 38 center of circle 39, through 91 facies artieularis malleolaris end point of femoral prosthesiss ectocondyle part.In this line and femur in condyle The angled β of major axis of side ellipse 38.So, the position of tangent plane 52 behind the face of femoral prosthesiss inboard can be calculated with oval fundamental formular Put and height.Hereafter the position of tangent plane 52 and height change because of the change of prosthese different model.Under the face of femoral prosthesiss inboard The parameter value of tangent plane 53 and back bevel 55 is directly affected by rear tangent plane 52, is terminated positioned at facies artieularis malleolaris after condyles in femur point 51 In the rectangle frame surrounded parallel to oval 38 major and minor axis on the inside of femur by point；Its parameter value becomes because of the change of prosthese different model Change.In face of 100 inboard of femoral prosthesiss, tangent plane 54 is moved rearwards by the thickness of a cartilage surface on the basis of femoral prosthesiss coaster ditch 101 Degree, to ensure the removal of coaster most recess cartilage surface, such as 2mm or 3mm.Simultaneously with vertical axises inner side oval 38 in other words conj.or perhaps Short axle is in 2 degree of top rake preventing cortical bone (notch), or 1 degree or 3 degree on front side of destruction distal femur.Inboard face A line segment is drawn at end to lower tangent plane 53 and inner side 38 major axis of ellipse intersect at tangent plane 54 in face of inboard in 45 degree of angles and constitute inboard eventually Inclined-plane 56 in front.Accordingly, in face of femoral prosthesiss inboard, the parameter of tangent plane 54 and front bevel 56 is oval 38,78 strands by outside in femur Bone coaster ellipse 40, the parameter and θ and β angles of femoral bone pulley circle 70,80 are determined.Femoral prosthesiss coaster ditch 101 is designed as 1/4 arc of circle, its design parameter value (depth and radius) is directly by oval 38, θ angles on the inside of coaster most concave layer face circle 70, femur Degree is determined, is changed with prosthese model.

The femoral prosthesiss 100 of the axle position view disclosure, such as Fig. 9 A.Coaster part 131 on the inside of femoral prosthesiss, femur are false External condyles point 91 and femoral prosthesiss lateral trochlear part 141, femoral prosthesiss coaster ditch 101 design and produce direction be perpendicular to The general direction 133 of ectocondyle ellipse 39,79 line of the center of circle (wearing condyle line transepicondylar axis, TEA) in femur. Wherein, on the inside of femur, oval 38 39 axle position of the center of circle corresponds to condyle peak in femur, in other words medial collateral ligament attachment point 123；79 axle position of the center of circle of lateral side of femur ellipse 78 corresponds to femoral lateral condyle peak, in other words lateral collateral ligament attachment point 122. In face of lateral side of femur trochoid, higher than interior lateral margin peak in face of trochoid on the inside of femur, its distance is as previously mentioned for lateral border Da；91 postartis eccentric throw (offset) maximum of femoral prosthesiss ectocondyle is less than 51 postartis eccentric throw (offset) maximum of interior condyle, Which differs from Dp as previously mentioned；Its line and the angled π of TEA, the angle of such as π can be 3 degree, or 2 degree or 4 degree, etc..

According to the oval and circular principle of above sagittal plain, and the oval and circular principle of Coronal, in patella not displaced type In prosthese, in femur, condyle Coronal is arc structure；And femoral lateral condyle Coronal is elliptic arc structure.Tibial plateau side is relative The dissymmetrical structure answered.And tibial plateau side is improved to adapt to the varus angle of the overall lower limb line of force.When in Patellar arthoplasty prosthese In, in femur, ectocondyle Coronal is Symmetrical Circular Arc structure.

The Coronal rear visual angle of disclosure femoral prosthesiss 100, such as Fig. 9 B.91 height of femoral prosthesiss ectocondyle is false less than femur Internal condyle 51, as previously mentioned Hd.According to concrete condition in ethnic group and art, in femur, ectocondyle Coronal joint facial contour and femur are slided The design of rut 101 can be divided into patella not two kinds of situations of displaced type and Patellar arthoplasty type：When patient's patella does not enter line replacement, femur In prosthese 100 ectocondyle Coronal articular surface be circular and ellipse in one section of arc design, such as Fig. 7 B and Fig. 9 B.In femoral prosthesiss Side condyle Coronal articular surface 95 is one section of arc of a circle 94, is expressed as λ with angle.Circular 94 center of circle is that condyle is oval in femur 38 center of circle 39, and radius is the semi-minor axis of condyle ellipse 38 in femur.The inner side of this platform prosthese 150 corresponding to articular surface 95 Platform coronalplane 151 is the round concave shape shape for being completely adapted to this 95 curvature of articular surface.Femoral prosthesiss lateral condyle Coronal articular surface 97 is one section of arc of an ellipse 96, is expressed as δ with angle.The center of circle of the center of circle of this ellipse 96 for femoral lateral condyle ellipse 78 79, its eccentricity is 0.618, and its radius is similar to the semi-minor axis of condyle ellipse 38 in femur.This platform corresponding to articular surface 97 The outside platform coronalplane 152 of prosthese 150 is the concave structure for being completely adapted to this 97 elliptical shape of articular surface.So patella is not The corresponding 150 coronal bit architecture of tibial plateau prosthese of displaced type femoral prosthesiss is as described above.For the overall lower limb line of force of adaptation and just There is the situation of varus (i.e. in normal tibial plateau：Dynamic alignment kinematic alignment), tibial plateau prosthese 150 Distal face 154 may be designed as perpendicular to tibia mechanical axis, it is also possible in varus ω angle.ω angles can be 1 degree, 2 degree or 3 degree. Coaster ditch 101 is designed and is then constituted, such as Fig. 7 A with reference to coaster ellipse inside and outside sagittal plain femur and circular 40,70,80.When patient's kneecap When bone enters line replacement, then using the design of one section of arc in ectocondyle Coronal articular surface circle；Coaster ditch is designed as the 6 ° of grooves that turn up, With correspondence patellar prosthesis domed shape.

According to the femoral prosthesiss that above ellipse principle builds, the appropriate intercondylar adjustment of Jing is applicable to retain fork ligament femur The making of prosthese (CR prostheses), and/or the making of posterior stabilized femoral prosthesiss (PS prostheses).

According to above ellipse principle, Jing is suitably adjusted, and can be applicable to designing and producing for single condyle replacement prosthesises, and/or preartis Coaster aliquot replacement prosthese is designed and produced, and/or the making of assembly type femoral prosthesiss.

According to above-described embodiment, in femoral prosthesiss, ectocondyle is one section of oval arc in sagittal plain.Medial condyle ellipse is Ellipse of one major axis perpendicular to femur major axis, lateral condyle ellipse can turn clockwise necessarily relative to medial condyle transverse Angle (7 degree to 22 degree).According to some embodiments, in sagittal plain scanning aspect, in whole femurs, lateral condyle shape can use ellipse It is circular to represent.So can explain well and wear condyle line (transepicondylar axis, TEA) accurately locus.Femur The origin and size of postartis eccentric throw (offset) value, the cause of tibial plateau hypsokinesis.According to sideslip in some embodiments, femur One section arc of the car articular surface in sagittal plain for an ellipse, this oval major axis is perpendicular to the oval major axis in inner side.Outside femur One section arc of the sideslip car articular surface in sagittal plain for a circle.The prosthese of above example most presses close to normal human's femur condyle Geometric shape, contribute to preferably designing TKA femoral prosthesiss, and enormously simplify the design of various different model femoral prosthesiss Parameter value.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, in femur condyle it is oval be designed as sagittal plain perpendicular to wearing condyle line (TEA) and parallel In the concentration ellipse structure of Whiteside lines, to best suit the direction of travel and shape of condyle in normal human's femur.Outside femur Condyle ellipse is designed according to the outer postartis articular cartilage face shape of normal human's knee joint femoral.The ellipse of femoral lateral condyle is slightly It is oval less than condyle in femur.Its long axis direction is oval in the certain angle that turns clockwise with reference to condyle in femur.Meanwhile, in femur The oval center of circle of ectocondyle is in femoral prosthesiss sagittal plain in the performance that overlaps.But in replacement scheme, can be oval by femoral lateral condyle It is reduced to length direction of principal axis consistent with condyle ellipse in femur, and cancels the step that turns clockwise, this more can simplifies The process that femoral prosthesiss are designed and produced.Though the profile after changing and the outer postartis articular cartilage face shape of normal human's shoulder joint femur It is not consistent, but also without can not.It is aided with the tibial plateau side prosthesis pad for matching, it is also possible to get good articular kinesiology Effect.

Additionally, in the above-described embodiment, it is to be described as being made up of oval or circle by lateral trochlear in femur.This Scheme is that final statistical analysis draw.Although condyle shows as ellipse in most of embodiment femur, also there is small part reality Apply condyle in a femur and show as circle；Although most of embodiment femoral lateral condyle shows as circle, also there is small part embodiment Femoral lateral condyle shows as ellipse.And our specific embodiment is built upon analyzing Chinese's Normal Knee architecture basics On, however not excluded that race is different and the difference that produces.If condyle in femur is described circular, femoral lateral condyle is described as ellipse Shape；Or ectocondyle in femur is all described circular or ovalisation is all described, it is aided with the Patellar arthoplasty prosthese for matching, Good articular kinesiology effect can also be obtained.

It should be noted that the characteristic principle of femoral prosthesiss described herein is equally applicable to left knee joint or the configuration of right knee joint.Need It will be clear that the femoral prosthesiss design of the disclosure is including " ligamentaum cruciatum conservative ", and (CR) prosthese, " posterior stabilized " are (PS) false Body or other overhaul class prosthetic designs.Wherein " ligamentaum cruciatum conservative " (CR) prosthese relative to " posterior stabilized " (PS) prosthese, Eliminate the pillar construction on the cam structure and tibial prosthesis element on femoral prosthesiss element.This causes, and " ligamentaum cruciatum retains (CR) prosthese shows as intercondylar sky that is overall opening wide and not interrupted by femoral cam structure between lateral condyle and medial condyle to type " Between.Any types prosthese can be suitably modified by the femoral prosthesiss Jing of the disclosure and increase the cam structure on femoral prosthesiss element and Pillar construction on tibia support member is formed.Therefore, all characteristics of principle described in the disclosure all can be potential expected with any Femoral prosthesiss design is used in the lump.Although any potential expected femoral prosthesiss design potentially includes all spies described herein Levy, but be also contemplated within some potential expected femoral prosthesiss designs and according to special applications or other situation demands, and can omit or increase Plus some features described herein.

Additionally, the ellipse principle prosthetic designs that the disclosure is proposed are theoretical, and in non-production in enormous quantities, the individuation for such as customizing Three-dimensional (3D) is printed in knee-joint prosthesis, also will be protected by this patent.

At some in particular cases, as produce single condyle prosthese (condyle prosthese and/or separate room ectocondyle prosthese in the room of separate room) and/ Or coaster prosthese, and assemble between them prosthese when, will be protected by this patent.

So, the prosthese of the embodiment of the present disclosure more meets normal human's knee joint morphology structure, and complicated, no Scrutable knee joint structure be reduced to simply, oval, the circular space that effectively can repeat constitutes.

Additionally, the femoral prosthesiss made according to oval, the circular principle of embodiment of the present disclosure proposition, its each component With oval, circular, important angle parameter embodiment, and can accordingly there is change with the change of each parameter in parameter, So as to realize the accurate making of different model prosthese.

Although exemplary embodiment describing the disclosure with reference to several, it is to be understood that, term used is to illustrate and show Example property, and nonrestrictive term.As the disclosure can be embodied as in a variety of forms without deviating from disclosed spirit or real Matter, it should therefore be appreciated that above-described embodiment is not limited to any aforesaid details, and the spirit that should be limited in appended claims Widely explain with scope, therefore the whole changes in falling into claim or its equivalent scope and remodeling all should be the power of enclosing Profit requires to be covered.

Claims

1. a kind of artificial knee joint replacement is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that include：

(51,131), the medial element includes interior condyles point (51) and inner side coaster part (131), the interior condyle to medial element Partial articular surface shows as one section of arc on first oval (38) in sagittal plain, and the articular surface of the inner side coaster part exists The second ellipse or one section of arc on circular (40) are shown as in sagittal plain, and

(91,141), the lateral element includes lateral trochlear part (141) and ectocondyle part (91), the outside to lateral element The articular surface of coaster part shows as the 3rd ellipse or one section of arc on circular (80), the pass of the ectocondyle part in sagittal plain Nodal section shows as one section of arc on the 4th oval (78) in sagittal plain.

2. artificial knee joint replacement as claimed in claim 1 is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that between described interior The articular surface of coaster ditch (101) the most recess between sideslip car part (131) and the lateral trochlear part (141) is in sagittal plain Upper one section of arc for the 5th circular (70).

3. artificial knee joint replacement as claimed in claim 1 is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that first is oval (38) major axis is perpendicular to femur mechanical axis, and its center of circle (39) are corresponding to condyle medial collateral ligament attachment point (123) in femur.

4. artificial knee joint replacement as claimed in claim 1 is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the 4th is oval (78) major axis clockwise deflection one angle of the major axis relative to first oval (38), and its center of circle (79) corresponding to femur outside Condyle lateral collateral ligament attachment point (122).

5. artificial knee joint replacement as claimed in claim 1 is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that described first is ellipse The center of circle (79) of the center of circle (39) of circle (38) and the 4th oval (78) overlaps in sagittal plain, meets and wears condyle line (TEA) Direction, and perpendicular to Whiteside lines.

6. artificial knee joint replacement as claimed in claim 1 is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that second is oval (40) major axis of the major axis perpendicular to first oval (38), and second oval or circular (40) the center of circle (41) is oval with the 3rd Or the center of circle of circular (80) overlaps in sagittal plain, meets the direction for wearing condyle line (TEA), and perpendicular to Whiteside lines.

7. artificial knee joint replacement as claimed in claim 1 is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that first is oval (38) major axis and short axle intersect with the major axis and short axle of second oval (40) obtained from rectangle length (107) in 8mm extremely Between 16mm, wide (109) are between 4mm to 12mm.

8. artificial knee joint replacement as claimed in claim 1 is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that first is oval (38) angle between the line between the center of circle (41) of the center of circle (39) and second oval (40) and the major axis of the first ellipse (38) Degree scope is between 25 degree to 35 degree.

9. artificial knee joint replacement as claimed in claim 1 is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that each in sagittal plain The center of circle of corresponding first oval (38) in individual aspect overlaps in sagittal plain, and length direction of principal axis is consistent, and they are in three-dimensional space Between upper set constitute condyles shape in complete femur, the line coincident in whole centers of circle in wear condyle line (TEA) and perpendicular to Whiteside lines.

10. artificial knee joint replacement as claimed in claim 1 is with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that each in sagittal plain The center of circle of the 4th oval (78) in individual aspect overlaps in sagittal plain, and length direction of principal axis is consistent, and they are on three dimensions Set constitutes complete femoral lateral condyle portion shape, and the line coincident in whole centers of circle is in wearing condyle line (TEA) and perpendicular to Whiteside Line, and it is consistent with condyle circle center line connecting coincidence in femur.

11. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that each in sagittal plain Second oval or circular (40) the centers of circle in individual aspect overlap in sagittal plain, and complete stock is arranged to make up on three dimensions Trochoid face shape on the inside of bone.

12. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 11 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that when in femur When sideslip car articular surface is in concentration ellipse, these oval length direction of principal axis are identical, and each oval eccentricity is different, and these are ellipse Round size sorts in Fibonacci sequence, and the line coincident in whole centers of circle is in wearing condyle line (TEA) and perpendicular to Whiteside Line.

13. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 11 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that in sagittal plain The 3rd oval or circular (80) the centers of circle on every aspect overlap in sagittal plain, are arranged to make up complete on three dimensions Lateral side of femur trochoid face shape.

14. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 13 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that when outside femur When sideslip car articular surface is in concentric circular, the line coincident in whole centers of circle in wearing condyle line (TEA) and perpendicular to Whiteside lines, and And it is consistent with circle center line connecting coincidence in trochoid face on the inside of femur.

15. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the outer condyles The rear portion of (91) is divided to be shorter than in sagittal plain and the short rear portion in the interior condyles point (51).

16. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the outer sideslip The leading edge of car part (141) is longer than in sagittal plain and higher than the leading edge of the inner side coaster part (131).

17. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that ellipse by first The mutual relation and parameter size of circle (38) and second oval (40) determine the lateral surface of whole femoral prosthesiss and inboard face (52, 53,54,55,56) geometry design parameter.

18. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the interior condyles Point (51) are expressed as one section of arc of circular (94) in the articular surface (95) of Coronal, and the center of circle of the circle (94) is oval with first (38) the center of circle (39) overlaps, and radius is the semi-minor axis of described first oval (38).

19. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 18 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the interior condyle Partly (51) are 50 degree to 90 degree in the angular range of articular surface (95) one section of arc being expressed as circular (94) of Coronal.

20. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the outer condyles Point (91) are expressed as one section of arc of oval (96) in the articular surface (97) of Coronal, and the center of circle of the ellipse (96) is oval with the 4th (78) the center of circle (79) overlaps.

21. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 20 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the ectocondyle Partly (91) are 50 degree to 90 degree in the angular range of articular surface (97) one section of arc being expressed as oval (96) of Coronal.

22. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the outer condyles (91) are divided to be expressed as one section of circular arc in the articular surface of Coronal, its center of circle is mutually overlap with the center of circle (79) of the 4th oval (78) Close, and radius is the semi-minor axis of the described 4th oval (78).

23. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the prosthese (100) the intercondylar structural adjustments of Jing, it is adaptable to ligamentaum cruciatum conservative prosthese or posterior stabilized prosthese or overhaul type prosthese or The 3D printing prosthese of individuation, or it is applied to patella not displaced type prosthese, Patellar arthoplasty type prosthese, or it is applied to dynamic alignment (kinematic alignment) type prosthese or assembly type prosthese.

24. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that the prosthese (100) wheelbase is directly related with the parameter size of condyle circle (94) and femoral lateral condyle ellipse (96) in Coronal femur.

25. artificial knee joint replacements as claimed in claim 1 are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that described first is ellipse The angular range of one section of arc on circle (38) is 150 degree to 200 degree, the angular range of one section of arc on the described 4th oval (78) For 120 degree to 160 degree.

A kind of 26. tibia side prosthesis (150), are matched somebody with somebody with artificial knee joint replacement femur side prosthesis (100) described in claim 1 Close and use, it is characterised in that the Coronal shape of the tibia side prosthesis (150) includes medial tibial plateau face (151) and outward Side tibial plateau face (152), the medial tibial plateau face (151) are that the round-shaped circle of condyle Coronal is recessed in adaptation femur Shape, the lateral tibial plateau face (152) are the oval spill for adapting to femoral lateral condyle Coronal elliptical shape.

27. tibia side prosthesis (150) as claimed in claim 26, it is characterised in that in order to be applied to dynamic alignment (kinematic alignment) type tibial plateau osteotomy surface, the bottom surface (154) of the tibia side prosthesis (150) are designed as 0 Degree, 1 degree, 2 degree, 3 degree of inward turning angle.

A kind of 28. artificial knee joint replacements are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that include：

(51,131), the medial element includes interior condyles point (51) and inner side coaster part (131), the interior condyle to medial element Partial articular surface shows as one section of arc in the first circle in sagittal plain, and the articular surface of the inner side coaster part is in sagittal The second ellipse or one section of arc on circular (40) are shown as on position, and

A kind of 29. artificial knee joint replacements are with femur side prosthesis (100), it is characterised in that include：

(91,141), the lateral element includes lateral trochlear part (141) and ectocondyle part (91), the outside to lateral element The articular surface of coaster part shows as the 3rd ellipse or one section of arc on circular (80), the pass of the ectocondyle part in sagittal plain Nodal section shows as one section of arc in the 4th circle in sagittal plain.