CN206096514U - Digital sonde of two heating - Google Patents
Digital sonde of two heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN206096514U CN206096514U CN201621099312.3U CN201621099312U CN206096514U CN 206096514 U CN206096514 U CN 206096514U CN 201621099312 U CN201621099312 U CN 201621099312U CN 206096514 U CN206096514 U CN 206096514U
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- humidity sensor
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a digital sonde of two heating, include: MCU processing ware, temperature sensor, baroceptor, two heating humidity sensor circuit, GPS module, GPS antenna, transmitting set, transmitter antenna and power module, two heating humidity sensor circuit include: heating circuit, humidity transducer A, humidity transducer B, multiway switch and oscillation circuit, the digital sonde of two heating heating control algorithm includes: including design of subloop PID controller and the design of main loop control ware. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of do you provide aloft DMC under the heating conditions PID cascade control adds the tactics of thermal model and heating, and the messenger system has very strong interference killing feature and good tracking nature and robustness.
Description
Technical field
This utility model belongs to meteorological detection, technical field of radio, more particularly to a kind of double heating the digital meteorological sounding meters.
Background technology
Sonde is played an important role as the main tool that climate factors are gathered in meteorological observation.By sounding
The upper atmosphere humidity of instrument measurement is one of key element in Atmospheric Survey Integrated Observation System, and whether reliable it is directly affects
The accuracy of weather forecast and climatic prediction.One difficult point of sonde moisture measurement be how effectively to prevent and eliminate because
Sensor condensation freezes caused by the low temperature and low humidity environment of upper atmosphere.Finland Vaisala (Visa drawing) company in order to solve on
State problem, it is proposed that a kind of sounding measuring method based on double heating humidity sensors, tentatively solve raindrop, frost, ice crystal etc.
Surface covering dries problem.This utility model is related to by the double heating sonde humidity sensor self-heating processes of research
Relation between the related physical quantities such as temperature, humidity, dew point and vapour pressure, analyzes the heating mechanism of heater, establishes and adds
The computation model of relative humidity before and after heat.Conventional heating control algorithms are mainly conventional PID control, this algorithm its there is original
The advantages of reason simple, reliable and stable, floating, it is used widely in process control, but to the Parameters variation of controlled device
Comparison is sensitive, the shortcomings of there is poor robustness, control accuracy difference, and cannot carry out anticipation to control effect.Dynamic matrix control
System (DMC) is a kind of predictive control algorithm suitable for asymptotically stable linear system, and industrial process is widely used at present
Control.Its object-based step response sets up forecast model, therefore models simply, while using multistep rolling optimization and feedback
Correction combines, and can directly process large time-delay process, and with good tracking performance and stronger robustness.But such as fruit
There is the impact of the factors such as nonlinear characteristic and environmental disturbances in border system, DMC will have model mismatch in actual control
Problem, cause its Shortcomings in terms of capacity of resisting disturbance.For the deficiency of above control algolithm, DMC-PID tandems are proposed
The strategy of control.The PID closed loop controls that frequency is higher are taken in subloop, the main interference occurred in suppression system；Then
Using PID controller and controlled device as generalized object, in major loop this generalized object is controlled using DMC algorithms
System, makes the good tracing property of system acquisition and robustness.
Utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of double heating the digital meteorological sounding meters, solves current height
Air is improved as the digital meteorological sounding meter problem that caused humidity sensor condensation freezes under the low temperature and low humidity environment of upper atmosphere
Degree of accuracy, reliability that the digital meteorological sounding meter is measured under Upper Air Weather Condition, realize fast and accurately DATA REASONING.
This utility model provides a kind of double heating the digital meteorological sounding meters, including：Processor of single chip computer, temperature sensor, gas
Pressure sensor, double heating humidity sensor circuits, GPS module, gps antenna, transmitting set, transmitter antenna and power supply mould
Block；
Processor of single chip computer respectively with temperature sensor, power module, baroceptor, GPS module, transmitting set and
Double heating humidity sensor circuits connections, the GPS navigation module is connected with gps antenna, the transmitting set and transmitter
Antenna connects；
Double heating humidity sensor circuits include：Heater circuit, humidity sensor A, humidity sensor B, variable connector and
Oscillating circuit；Heater circuit is integrated on an independent circuit board with humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B, described heating
Circuit is connected respectively with humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B, and humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B passes through heater circuit
Alternately heat, heater circuit is connected with processor of single chip computer, and processor of single chip computer passes through DMC-PID tandem Temperature Control Models
Control heater circuit, the humidity sensor A is connected with humidity sensor B with variable connector, the variable connector with shake
Circuit connection is swung, oscillating circuit is connected with processor of single chip computer, and processor of single chip computer is connected with variable connector；
Control of the processor of single chip computer to heater circuit includes two control paths of subloop and major loop, and subloop is adopted
High-frequency PID controller closed loop control, then adopts PID controller and controlled device in major loop as generalized object
This generalized object is controlled with DMC algorithms；
The processor of single chip computer；For controlling gps antenna output digital medium-frequency signal, GPS module digital intermediate frequency is completed
The process of signal and base band are resolved, and the navigation informations such as position, speed, time are obtained, while completing to from temperature sensor, gas
The signal acquisition process of pressure sensor, the temperature of humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B, air pressure and humidity, obtains temperature in real time
The information such as degree, air pressure and humidity, and coding and the modulation of satellite navigation information and information are completed, the wireless signal after modulation is sent out
Transmitting set is given, through transmitter antenna ground installation is transmitted to.
Processor of single chip computer is STM32 processor of single chip computer.
This real utility model above technical scheme compared with prior art, with following technique effect：
(1) DMC-PID serials controls heating model and the strategy of heating under the heating condition of high-altitude are proposed.
(2) design of heater circuit, in heating process, control electric current is constant, with the rising of temperature, the increase of resistance,
Voltage also becomes big, and the surface temperature of humidity sensor is calculated by change in voltage.
(3) design of hardware system, in the case where demand is met, reduces the power consumption of whole system.
(4) in error analyses, when Sensor's Dynamic Error correction model exactly, the precision of measurement is improved.
(5) based on the design of low-power consumption Acquisition Circuit and miniflow power supply technique, entered using the MCU and variable connector of super low-power consumption
The switching of road wheel stream carries out signals collecting, carries out selecting suitable PWM power supply chips by measuring the electric current of whole Acquisition Circuit, makes
Obtain power conversion efficiency and reach maximum, power consumption is effectively reduced, so as to alleviate the weight of sonde, so that balloon and sounding
Instrument miniaturization, lightness.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle framework figure of the double heating the digital meteorological sounding meters of this utility model；
Fig. 2 is this utility model humidity sensor heater circuit Temperature Control Model DMC-PID serials control structural representations
Figure；
Fig. 3 is this utility model humidity sensor heater circuit Temperature Control Model DMC-PID serials controls under interference
Structural representation；
Fig. 4 is that this utility model heating plate PID temperature controls simulation result；
Fig. 5 is this utility model heating plate DMC temperature controlling imitation results；
Fig. 6 is this utility model heating plate DMC-PID temperature controlling imitation results；
Fig. 7 is the temperature controlling imitation Comparative result of the DMC-PID serials controls of d=1 interference and PID-PID serials controls
Figure.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of double heating the digital meteorological sounding meters, including：Processor of single chip computer, temperature sensor, air pressure sensing
Device, double heating humidity sensor circuits, GPS module, gps antenna, transmitting set, transmitter antenna and power module；
Processor of single chip computer respectively with temperature sensor, power module, baroceptor, GPS module, transmitting set and
Double heating humidity sensor circuits connections, the GPS navigation module is connected with gps antenna, the transmitting set and transmitter
Antenna connects；
Double heating humidity sensor circuits include：Heater circuit, humidity sensor A, humidity sensor B, variable connector and
Oscillating circuit；Heater circuit is integrated on an independent circuit board with humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B, described heating
Circuit is connected respectively with humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B, and humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B passes through heater circuit
Alternately heat, heater circuit is connected with processor of single chip computer, and processor of single chip computer passes through DMC-PID tandem Temperature Control Models
Control heater circuit, the humidity sensor A is connected with humidity sensor B with variable connector, the variable connector with shake
Circuit connection is swung, oscillating circuit is connected with processor of single chip computer, and processor of single chip computer is connected with variable connector；
Control of the processor of single chip computer to heater circuit includes two control paths of subloop and major loop, and subloop is adopted
High-frequency PID controller closed loop control, system interference is had it is very strong overcome ability, shorten control passage, control PID
The control action of device processed is quicker, and with degree of heating model the generalized controlled object is constituted；Then by PID controller and controlled device
As generalized object, in major loop this generalized object is controlled using DMC algorithms, makes system obtain good tracking
Property and robustness；
The processor of single chip computer；For controlling gps antenna output digital medium-frequency signal, GPS module digital intermediate frequency is completed
The process of signal and base band are resolved, and the navigation informations such as position, speed, time are obtained, while completing to from temperature sensor, gas
The signal acquisition process of pressure sensor, the temperature of humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B, air pressure and humidity, obtains temperature in real time
The information such as degree, air pressure and humidity, and coding and the modulation of satellite navigation information and information are completed, the wireless signal after modulation is sent out
Transmitting set is given, through transmitter antenna ground installation is transmitted to.
Processor of single chip computer is STM32 processor of single chip computer.
As shown in Fig. 2 humidity sensor heater circuit Temperature Control Model DMC-PID serials control structure charts.By dynamic
The Convolution Properties of matrix majorization model determine that its sampling period will be longer than PID control, therefore dynamic matrix control can not be as PID
Control random bursty interference in effective process of inhibition.For the deficiency of PREDICTIVE CONTROL, the utility model proposes DMC-PID
The strategy of serials control.The closed loop control for taking frequency higher in subloop, the main interference occurred in suppression system；Then
Using controller and controlled device as generalized object, in major loop this generalized object is controlled using DMC algorithms, is made
The good tracing property of system acquisition and robustness.Subloop adopts conventional PID controller, has to system interference and very strong overcomes
Ability, shortens control passage, makes the control action of controller quicker, and with degree of heating model the generalized controlled object is constituted；
Major loop adopts controller, to overcome sensor processed to cool down delaying and inertia in change procedure, realizes quick regulation.
A kind of heating control algorithms of double heating the digital meteorological sounding meters, including subloop PID controller design and major loop control
Device design processed；
Subloop controller design：
PID is a kind of control method of technology relative maturity, and extensive utilization has been obtained in Industry Control.Controller by
Ratio, integration, differential regulator composition.
It is w (k) set-points in Fig. 2, P1(k) be feedback quantity, e1K () is control deviation, v (k) is the output of controller, v
K () is the reality output of system.PID controller is according to the w (k) for the giving and feedback quantity P of system1K () constitutes control deviation：
e1(k)=w (k)-p1(k)； (1)
By control deviation e1K () is consisted of with proportional controller P, integral controller I and differential regulator D linear combination
Controlled quentity controlled variable is exported, and controlled device is controlled.Its control law is described as follows shown in formula：
In formula：KPIt is proportional component, T0Integration time constant when being footnote i=0, e1I () represents control deviation (i
Initial value is equal to 0,Sum, the maximum of i for k), TiIt is integration time constant,
TdIt is derivative time constant；
Impact of each link of PID controller to systematic function is as follows respectively：
Proportional component KP：Work as KPThe response speed of system can be improved during increase, system static difference is reduced, but works as KPMeeting when excessive
Make system overshoot excessive, produce vibration, system stability is deteriorated.
Time of integration Ti：Work as TiReduce system overshoot during increase, reduce system oscillation, system is more stable, but eliminate system
The speed of static difference slows down.
Derivative time Td：Work as TdThe response speed of system can be improved during increase, reduces overshoot, stability increases, but suppresses
The reduced capability of system disturbance.
Major loop controller design：
Because interior ring controller is a following control system in cascade control system, the output of master controller is determined
Its setting value.Therefore master controller just can be according to working condition and the situation of change of load, corresponding adjustment internal ring control
The setting value of device, thereby may be ensured that in the case where working condition and load change, and control system still has good
Tracking performance and preferable robustness.The random disturbance process of the object is described using dynamic matrix forecast model, that is,
The forecast model of sonde heating system is set up by the mutual relation between input quantity and output.
Dynamic matrix control utilizes the unit-step response sampled data { a of controlled device1,a2... as forecast model,
Model can be obtained by recognizing us, system dynamics point battle array equation is described as：
Ym(k+1)=A Δ U (k)+A0(k-1)； (3)
In formula,
For the model vector of the unit-step response Jing after blocking of evaporator superheat system；
Δ U (k)=[Δ u (k), Δ u (k+1) ..., Δ u (k+M-1)]T,
In formula, k is the coefficient of controlling increment function, and Δ u is DMC controlling increment functions, and Δ u (k) is controlling increment, and P is
Prediction time domain, N is modeling time domain, and M is control time domain；
Using quadratic form performance optimizing index, in prediction time domain P following optimization problem is solved：
In formula, the optimal solution in min J (k) prediction time domains P,Output when coefficient is equal to (k+i/k)
Predictive value, i variation coefficients, j is variation coefficient, and r (k+i) is the k moment with reference to output, ai、bjIt is weight coefficient.
Bring output predictive equations (3) into formula (4), solving-optimizing problem is obtained controlled quentity controlled variable and is：
In formula, Δ UMK () controls the controlling increment sequence of vectors in time domain in M, A is dynamic matrix, and Q is error matrix, λ
For variation coefficient, rPK () is the reference output predicted in time domain P at the k moment,Prediction for k moment system feedback amounts is sweared
Amount,
Take instant control action increment Delta u (k) therein and constitute actual control amount：
U (k)=u (k-1)+Δ u (k)； (5)
Put on system.At the k+1 moment, optimization problem (4) is rolled and is gone on so as to obtain optimal control sequence.
As shown in figure 3, DMC-PID serials control structure of the humidity sensor heater circuit Temperature Control Model under interference
Figure.Preferably anti-interference is to be beyond one's reach, and anti-interference will make fast reaction for interference, but have less sampling
Cycle, it is apparent that DMC algorithms are more complicated than pid algorithm in line computation, then in order that dimension is not too high and affects to control system
The real-time of system, it is impossible to which the sampling period is obtained too little.The weighting scheme controlled using DMC is corrected to predicting output, nothing
The main cause of method resolution error, is that model mismatch or interference cause, and correction cannot take into account the quick of the reaction to disturbing
Property and robustness.
This utility model combines PID control and DMC algorithms, and composed cascade control system, the main interference of system
It is, in subloop, therefore to adopt PID control, smaller time constant can be taken, just can be with to the secondary interference into object
Overcome in time and DMC algorithms are used in major loop, its objective is to obtain more preferable tracking performance, and also have ratio to model mismatch
Stronger robustness.
As shown in figs. 4-7, obtain when two humidity sensors are apart more than from hydrodynamics (CFD) angle simulation analysis
During 3mm, when a sensor is heated, the humiture field around another sensor is not interfered with, so measurement result is effective
, it is proposed that the low latitude pattern and high-altitude pattern of heating：Under the pattern of low latitude (0-20km), when power is 0.6W, when temperature rise is
When 46 DEG C, ground temperature rising-time is 5.8s.Under the pattern of high-altitude (20km-30km), when power is 0.4W, when temperature rise is 40 DEG C,
High-altitude temperature rising-time is 5.8s.
The control based on more than requires that, when heating plate temperature rises to 46 DEG C from 0 DEG C, the sampling period is taken as 20s, and PREDICTIVE CONTROL is each
Parameter is elected as respectively:Ts=5, P=10, M=1, N=30, alpha=2, the value h=[h of systems by output feedback coefficient H1,
h2…hN]T, wherein h1=1, because system is one order inertia system, therefore the selection of Weighting Matrices Q, R can be according to:Q=I (units
Battle array), then during real-time control determining R.The step response curve of output of system is as shown in Figure 5.
When heating plate temperature rises to 46 DEG C from 0 DEG C, the sampling period is taken as 20s, the parameter of PID controller：Kp=5Kt=
0.2Kd=0.01.The parameter of DMC controllers：Optimization time domain P=30, controls time domain M=20, error matrix Q=eye (P), control
Matrix R=1 processed, as shown in Figure 6：
If controlled device transmission function is：
Control result compares as shown in fig. 7, being respectively DMC-PID the and PID-PID tandem controls for d=1 interference occur in figure
Result processed, DMC-PID tandem structures substantially improve the anti-interference of control.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of pair is heated the digital meteorological sounding meter, it is characterised in that：Including：Processor of single chip computer, temperature sensor, air pressure sensing
Device, double heating humidity sensor circuits, GPS module, gps antenna, transmitting set, transmitter antenna and power module；
Processor of single chip computer respectively with temperature sensor, power module, baroceptor, GPS module, transmitting set and it is double plus
Hot humidity sensor circuit connection, the GPS navigation module is connected with gps antenna, the transmitting set and transmitter antenna
Connection；
Double heating humidity sensor circuits include：Heater circuit, humidity sensor A, humidity sensor B, variable connector and vibration
Circuit；Heater circuit is integrated on an independent circuit board with humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B, described heater circuit
It is connected with humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B respectively, humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B is replaced by heater circuit
Heating, heater circuit is connected with processor of single chip computer, and processor of single chip computer is controlled by DMC-PID tandems Temperature Control Model
Heater circuit, the humidity sensor A is connected with humidity sensor B with variable connector, and the variable connector is electric with vibration
Road connects, and oscillating circuit is connected with processor of single chip computer, and processor of single chip computer is connected with variable connector；
Control of the processor of single chip computer to heater circuit includes two control paths of subloop and major loop, and subloop adopts high frequency
The PID controller closed loop control of rate, then using PID controller and controlled device as generalized object, adopts DMC in major loop
Algorithm is controlled to this generalized object；
The processor of single chip computer；For controlling gps antenna output digital medium-frequency signal, GPS module digital medium-frequency signal is completed
Process and base band resolve, position, speed, the navigation information such as time are obtained, while completing to from temperature sensor, air pressure transmission
The signal acquisition process of sensor, the temperature of humidity sensor A and humidity sensor B, air pressure and humidity, the real-time temperature of acquisition,
The information such as air pressure and humidity, and coding and the modulation of satellite navigation information and information are completed, the wireless signal after modulation is sent
To transmitting set, through transmitter antenna ground installation is transmitted to.
2. according to claim 1 pair is heated the digital meteorological sounding meter, it is characterised in that：Processor of single chip computer is STM32 monolithics
Machine processor.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621099312.3U CN206096514U (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | Digital sonde of two heating |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201621099312.3U CN206096514U (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-09-30 | Digital sonde of two heating |
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| CN206096514U true CN206096514U (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106291763A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-04 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of double heating the digital meteorological sounding meter and heating control algorithms thereof |
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2016
- 2016-09-30 CN CN201621099312.3U patent/CN206096514U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106291763A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-04 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of double heating the digital meteorological sounding meter and heating control algorithms thereof |
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