CN206073549U - A kind of cold chain transportation car defroster and it is equipped with the cold chain transportation car of the device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses the refrigeration compressor arranged on a kind of cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device, including conventional cold chain transportation vehicle and refrigeration fan, refrigeration compressor is arranged on the outside of vehicle, for compression refrigerant；Refrigeration fan is arranged on inside freight house, realizes the freight house refrigeration for cold chain transportation vehicle for receiving to pass through the cold-producing medium of compression process and evaporate absorption heat using the cold-producing medium；Independent first switch is provided with the supply line of the refrigeration compressor of described cold chain transportation car, first switch is used to control the operation of refrigeration compressor and close, and realizes the independent operating of refrigeration compressor.The defroster of cold chain transportation car of the present utility model realizes the independent start and stop of refrigeration compressor, can effectively ensure that, defrosting efficiency is high, refrigeration failure caused by the air outlet of cold chain transportation car can be prevented to be blocked.

Description

A kind of cold chain transportation car defroster and it is equipped with the cold chain transportation car of the device

Technical field

This utility model is related to a kind of defroster, the defroster of more particularly to a kind of cold chain transportation car and corresponding Modified model cold chain transportation car, belongs to the improvement of milk product cold chain transportation vehicle technology.

Background technology

In prior art, dairy enterprises generally need the milk product for producing a large amount of different cultivars, wherein it is tight to be no lack of needs The low temperature milk product of lattice cold chain transportation, on market, low temperature milk product is subject to its unique fresh taste and high nutritive value Liking for consumers in general, but low temperature milk product is due to needing to be always maintained at low temperature storage before consumer is edible, it is right Preparation, storage, transport and shelf management in milk product proposes high requirement.

For the low temperature cold chain transport temperature of low temperature milk product requires it is 2-6 degree, in summer because heat, environment temperature Degree is higher, and Cold Chain Logistics car refrigeration difficulty is increased considerably.Although the power performance of existing cold chain transportation car is significantly carried Rise, powerful refrigerant condenser can be adopted, more preferable refrigeration is realized.But, actually powerful refrigeration plant Expected good refrigeration is not reached, because after the refrigeration work consumption of powerful refrigerant condenser rises, it is cold Steam in the great air of chain transport vehicle interior humidity substantial amounts of can congeal into ice, and then result in the refrigeration of cold chain transportation car Air port is condensed the ice for getting off and is blocked.Now, haulage vehicle instrument show cold chain transportation car freight house temperature not only without Method declines the rising that can also continue, and particularly under summer high temperature high humidity weather, this problem becomes more significantly, in order to carry The effect of high freezing, refrigeration machine are had to the power for increasing work, but block the blower fan in air port under powerful refrigeration, Blockage problem can only become increasingly severe, and causing existing cold chain transportation vehicle to be difficult to meet general cold chain transportation work will Ask.

In order to overcome the problems referred to above, conveying people to propose and be lowered into cold chain transportation when low temperature milk product is assembled The humidity of car, this scheme are difficult to because of the actual difficulty carried out, and as low temperature milk product is containing a large amount of in itself Moisture, even if the air into cold chain transportation car becomes drying, still can wave because of low temperature milk product in the way of transport Send out vapor and cause air humidity significantly to raise, and then cause freeze air port blocking.

In prior art, existing patented technology proposes the improvement of many kinds for cold chain transportation car and its control method Scheme, but be the intellectualized reconstruction for cold chain transportation vehicle mostly, realization is long-range for the operation conditions of cold chain transportation car Monitoring.For example disclosed in Chinese patent CN 104972868A, a kind of control system of cold chain transportation car, includes cold chain transportation car Railway carriage or compartment, multiple temperature sensors, multiple humidity sensors, temperature adjustment module, moisture adjustment module and illuminator, transport in cold chain The vehicle exterior of defeated car is provided with mobile terminal processor, radio receiving transmitting module, by mobile communication technology so that cold chain transportation The parameters such as the running status of car, temperature, humidity can realize the remote management of networking, but wherein not clearly for cold The solution of the condensation ice formation issues inside chain transport vehicle, this is possibly due to the cold chain transportation car described in which and is not involved with Transport high humility, high intensity cryogenic refrigeration demand low temperature milk product it is relevant, be also likely to be which concern is primarily with cold chain certainly The intelligent network management of transport vehicle, so the internal condensation that its scheme for providing cannot solve existing cold chain transportation car freezes The problem in blocking air port.

And for example Chinese patent CN 105644414A disclose a kind of cold chain belt line, it include on-vehicle control apparatus and Supervising device；On-vehicle control apparatus include the vehicular control unit for being placed in vehicle body and the system in cold room in car body Cooler and Temperature Humidity Sensor, vehicular control unit are connected by the signal with Temperature Humidity Sensor and control the refrigerator, And Temperature Humidity Sensor is connected with supervising device signal by humiture information communication module；Supervising device includes fixed point monitoring Device, management personnel's receiving terminal and owner of cargo's receiving terminal, humiture information communication module and GPRS communication module are by wireless receipts Send out base station to be connected with fixed point watch-dog signal, management personnel's receiving terminal and owner of cargo's receiving terminal are wireless with fixed point watch-dog respectively Signal connects.The technology which is mainly realized is similar with above-mentioned cold chain transportation car, is mainly based upon GPRS mechanicss of communication, realizes The transmission of the travel position data of cold chain transportation car and the monitor in real time of the run location for vehicle.Although special with aforesaid Sharp technology equally applies temperature sensor and humidity sensor, but actual in reply and high humility, strong refrigeration demand Still easily occurs the problem of supercool icing in the cold chain transportation of low temperature milk product.

Reenter cold chain transportation car disclosed in 105573366 A of Chinese patent CN based on the models for temperature field to interior, Solid space model, air flow field and temperature field etc. are analyzed and researched, it is proposed that optimum control program, and the patent needs to use To complicated scale-model investigation, computer simulation control analysis, for the control of equipment require it is high.If improving existing general Cold chain transportation car then need to put into substantial amounts of manpower and materials cost and transformed, once and the goods that transports of cold chain transportation car There occurs change, then be accomplished by being adjusted all of Parameter Conditions, even partial cargo unloading in transportation Temperature field, the moisture field of interior etc. environment can be caused to occur greatly to change, so which specifically practices difficulty It is larger.

And, although cold chain transportation vehicle disclosed in above-mentioned Chinese patent applies substantial amounts of temperature sensor and humidity is passed Sensor, but actually can not be lifted for the reagent refrigeration of cold chain transportation vehicle is reached, transport especially for cold chain The easy frosting of defeated appearance of vehicle blocks the problem of air outlet, even more helpless.And, the communication module being applied in above-mentioned improvement is installed Arrangement also can greatly increase the difficulty of the upgrading of existing cold chain transportation car, in practice for cold chain transportation vehicle more Low temperature demand for control does not have any help.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the powerful refrigeration compressor of cold chain transportation car application in prior art In the case of cold wind mouth easily condense freeze cause air outlet block deficiency, there is provided a kind of cold chain transportation car defroster and should With the cold chain transportation car of described defroster.The simple structure of cold chain transportation car defroster of the present utility model, easily transforms And maintenance, can be good at solving the problems, such as cold chain transportation car air outlet condensation ice blockage of the prior art, improve cold chain The refrigerating efficiency of transport vehicle.

To achieve these goals, this utility model provides technical scheme below：

The refrigeration compressor arranged on a kind of cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device, including conventional cold chain transportation vehicle and system Air-cooler, refrigeration compressor are arranged on the outside of vehicle, for compression refrigerant；Refrigeration fan is arranged on inside freight house, is used for Receive the cold-producing medium through compression process and absorb heat using cold-producing medium evaporation to realize for the goods of cold chain transportation vehicle Freeze in storehouse.Independent first switch is provided with the supply line of the refrigeration compressor of described cold chain transportation car, first opens Close for controlling the operation of refrigeration compressor and closing, realize the independent operating of refrigeration compressor.

The independent first switch wherein applied, can conveniently carry out the independent closing of refrigeration compressor, so realize it is right In the individually controllable property of refrigeration compressor working condition, cold chain transportation car compressor operating for a period of time after, by closing Closing first switch causes refrigeration compressor temporarily in halted state, and the blower fan for retaining operation can be with circulating freight house（That is compartment） Internal air-flow realizes the melt ice of blower fan mouth, it is to avoid the problem of refrigeration failure caused by the blocking of refrigeration fan mouth.

Further, described defroster, further comprises thermometer or temperature sensor, for monitoring cold chain transportation car Freight house inside temperature variations.When fan outlet is blocked, the temperature of freight house occurs that temperature stops Reduce or significantly raise trend, now close refrigeration compressor, for the best results of defrosting；Can effectively improve and remove The accuracy and effect of frost.

Further, described first switch is the switch with timing function, is switched after switch cuts out a period of time Can automatic reclosing.The switch of above-mentioned timing function can realize automatically closure, reopen refrigeration compressor, it is to avoid Operator forget to turn on refrigeration compressor to cause for a long time without refrigeration, and only blower fan blowing causes the temperature liter of interior It is high.Wherein described one end time can be to be adjusted setting according to actual situation, is primarily directed to blower fan and individually transports How long row can be by depending on the condensation ice-out of air outlet.Preferably, the switch of timing function is automatically reset after cutting out Time is 1-10 minutes, i.e. switch automatically can be closed after cutting out 1-10 minutes, realizes resetting.With reference to the long-term work of inventor Make experience, it is determined that the time that the condensation ice-out of actual air outlet needs is substantially within this range, timing 1-10 minutes can be really The ice for protecting blocking air outlet melts completely, and reduces the unnecessary stopping duration of refrigeration compressor, improves cold chain transportation Quality.

Further, temperature sensor is additionally provided with inside the freight house of described cold chain transportation vehicle, temperature sensor is used for The temperature variations of monitoring cold chain transportation vehicle.At the beginning of refrigeration compressor and blower fan are opened simultaneously, the temperature inside freight house It is quick to reduce, after air outlet is blocked, temperature sensor monitors to freight house inside temperature no longer reduce, or reduce Speed is slow, then or there is temperature rising, be now the best opportunity for closing refrigeration compressor, by arranging temperature sensor Control, can preferably hold the switch time of refrigeration compressor.

Further, also it is connected on controller including controller, described temperature sensor and first switch.Set control The control principle of device processed detects the trend of temperature change for temperature sensor, at a temperature of occurring when temperature rapid decrease Reduction of speed degree is significantly reduced, or in the case of becoming very slow, controller cuts out first switch, then certain interval of time Controller opens first switch again afterwards.So, can now select the switch without auto restore facility, you can not use band The switch of reset, and only by controller come the closure again for realizing switching.

The Managed Solution of conveying people has been made into this preferred scheme the controller of automatization, such as using electronic monitoring System, realizes temperature high-precision change monitoring, and the minimum change of the temperature in freight house can be produced and quickly be responded, more important Be there is material to be readily available as a result of the method for temperature monitoring, the characteristics of equipment compactness, accuracy are good, by temperature The change of the degree icing conditions for having monitored fan outlet indirectly, timely respond to, highly effective refrigeration.

The automatic defrosting device of the present invention is mainly that for refrigeration compressor with the difference of general refrigeration compressor The on off control time be step control, and the closing that it is critical only that active of on off control.Temperature is provided with especially Degree sensor on off control scheme in, for close refrigeration compressor actual selection be temperature reduce become it is slow or When there is temperature rising, this is proper with the switch opportunity of the refrigeration compressor of the refrigeration system of general cold chain transportation vehicle It is just contrary.And, the controlling organization on the construction of switch of the control program application of defroster and general refrigerating machine is not Together, existing controlling organization is passive structure, it is impossible to which artificial active is controlled by, and scheme of the present utility model can be actively Control close.So, the design of defroster of the present utility model from the structure design of existing refrigerating machine be it is different, It is anti-convention design, for the defrosting function of cold chain transportation vehicle, the effect with unique protrusion.

Further, described first switch is the switch with bonder.Arrange bonder can improve on-off control with The direct independence of refrigeration compressor, it is to avoid the impact of strong voltage, heavy current that refrigeration compressor is faced, improves the use of switch Life-span.

It is further preferred that the refrigeration compressor of this utility model application can select frequency-changeable compressor, control strategy from The way of the close compressor in above-mentioned strategy is adjusted to the refrigeration work consumption for reducing Refrigerating Compressor with Inverter so that refrigeration work consumption drops Low, the condensation for reducing air outlet freezes.The corresponding controlling switch in frequency-changeable compressor（First switch）Frequency modulator is selected, no longer Be simple construction of switch, the adjustment control of frequency-changeable compressor is realized using frequency modulator.Although this preferred embodiment scheme can be with The efficiency of the energy is improved, but for general existing conventional cold chain transportation car is but not necessarily completely suitable for, mainly Because the refrigeration compressor of general cold chain transportation car is invariable frequency compressor, and the inapplicable modification scheme with frequency conversion, if by force Row changes frequency-changeable compressor can greatly increase the cost of transformation and upgrade.

Further, this utility model further comprises the cold chain transportation vehicle using above-mentioned defroster.

Beneficial effect：

1. the defroster of cold chain transportation car of the present utility model realizes cold chain by increasing independent controlling switch The independent on off control of the refrigeration compressor of haulage vehicle, for the transformation and upgrade very simple of existing cold chain transportation vehicle, And the switching mechanism reliability added, does not disturb the circuit of existing device, can effectively ensure that the defrosting of cold chain transportation car Mutually do not conflict between efficiency and refrigeration work, defrosting efficiency is high, caused by the air outlet of cold chain transportation car can be prevented to be blocked Refrigeration failure.

2. the implementation of cold chain transportation car Defrost method of the present utility model is simple, can be existing general cold Realized by simple improvement on the basis of chain transport vehicle, the transformation circuit of substantial amounts of cost or complexity need not be increased.Have Easily implement, efficient feature.

Description of the drawings：

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of cold chain transportation car of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is the connection line schematic diagram of the refrigeration compressor and blower fan of cold chain transportation car of the present utility model.

Fig. 3 is that the refrigeration temperature of cold chain transportation car of the present utility model reduces staircase chart.

Labelling in figure：1- refrigeration machines, 2- blower fans（Blower fan in wherein Fig. 1 is located at the inside of freight house）, 101- refrigeration machines Switch, 102- bonders, the switch of 201- blower fans.

Specific embodiment

In existing cold chain transportation operation, also there is conveying people to come up with interim solution, in the way of transport Or vehicle motor is in time closed when unloading, make refrigeration compressor and blower fan out of service.Once but refrigeration pressure Contracting machine and blower fan stop, the temperature meeting rapid increase in cold chain transportation in-car portion, particularly in summer high temperature season, cold chain transportation car Internal temperature ramp-up rate even more can cause the thawing of low temperature milk product to deform within a few minutes.In order to prevent cold chain transportation car The startup and stopping of the too fast control electromotor for needing cold chain transportation car human pilot accurate of internal temperature ramp-up rate when Between length, to ensure that the time that blower fan stops so that the ice-out in air port is opened, and can not result in cold chain transportation in-car portion Temperature raise it is too many.The quality that the method for this manual control greatly increased low temperature milk product is uncertain, serious Constrain the traffic coverage of low temperature milk product so that the popularization of low temperature milk product is restricted.

This utility model is described in further detail with reference to test example and specific embodiment.But should not be by this The scope for being interpreted as the above-mentioned theme of this utility model is only limitted to below example, all to be realized based on this utility model content Technology belongs to scope of the present utility model.

Embodiment 1

Cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device control circuit as shown in Figure 2, including refrigeration compressor 1, and and refrigeration The refrigeration fan 2 that compressor is connected.Compressor switch（First switch）101st, fan switch 201 connects compressor 1, blower fan respectively 2, and for both realize independent control.Bonder 102, coupling are provided between refrigeration compressor 1 and compressor switch 101 Clutch realizes the isolation between switch 101 and compressor 1, and protection switch is not subject to strong voltage, the shadow of heavy current of compressor Ring, improve the service life of switch 101.Preferred situation further comprises temperature sensor, not show in Fig. 2, and temperature is passed Temperature inside sensor detection vehicle freight house.

As shown in Figure 1 the automatic defrosting device described in Fig. 2 is applied on cold chain transportation vehicle, wherein refrigeration compressor 1 The outside of vehicle is arranged on, for compression refrigerant；And refrigeration fan 2 is arranged on the inside of vehicle freight house, temperature biography is included Sensor, does not equally show in Fig. 1.Independent is provided with the supply line of the refrigeration compressor 1 of cold chain transportation car One switch 101, the driving that first switch 101 is arranged in vehicle are indoor, facilitate human pilot or operator by switch 101 The operation of control refrigeration compressor 1 and closing, realize the independent operating of refrigeration compressor.

When cold chain transportation vehicle launch, refrigeration compressor and refrigeration fan are also turned on, the system of compressor compresses Cryogen is circulated between compressor and refrigeration fan, the heat of the interior of the cold chain transportation car quilt in the presence of refrigeration system Remove.As the condensing tube temperature of 2 air outlet of blower fan is extremely low, freight house inner loop is caused to be condensed down through the vapor of blower fan Come, form condensation ice and be blocked on the air outlet of blower fan 2.As condensation ice of the time lengthening of refrigeration on fan outlet is got over Knot is thicker, and the air outlet of blower fan is gradually blocked.The interior temperature of cold chain transportation car is detected by temperature sensor It can be seen that temperature variations as shown in Figure 3, temperature was quickly reduced before this, and then before a1, temperature reduces speed in figure 3 Degree gradually slows down, and the trend of temperature recovery occurs, shows that the fan outlet inside freight house is condensed ice blockage.

Now, staff keeps the switch 201 of blower fan 2 to close by the switch 101 of refrigeration compressor 1 to closing so that Condensation ice of the blower fan of air outlet continuously to causing air outlet blocking is dried.It is through the time of 3-5 minutes, solidifying on air outlet The ice-out of knot comes, and is again turned on refrigeration compressor, realizes the refrigeration for continuing.Then, temperature change feelings as shown in Figure 3 Condition, the speed that now temperature continues to reduce slow down, but the cooling rate in the case of still blocking than fan outlet before Faster.But after running a period of time, find that the trend of temperature recovery occurs in the temperature in compartment, shows that air outlet occurs again again Plug, now the temperature time curve as shown in Fig. 3 is in a2.

It is again switched off refrigeration compressor 3-4 minutes so that what blower fan was lasting dispels the condensation ice of air outlet so that air outlet Unimpeded again, then another unlatching switch, continues refrigeration.The above-mentioned method of repetitive cycling repeatedly realizes corresponding defrosting And the temperature control of cold chain transportation vehicle.

Further, the switch 101 is the switch with timing function, when the dwell time of compressor reaches design time Afterwards, automatically it is again started up compressor.Reduction personnel are again started up the work of compressor, have intervalometer automatic, it is to avoid work Refrigeration compressor is forgotten to turn on as personnel causes temperature to rise too many rough sledding.

Further, switch 101 and refrigeration compressor 1 have been directly connected to bonder 102.Bonder is set and can improve switch Control and the direct independence of refrigeration compressor, it is to avoid the impact of strong voltage, heavy current that refrigeration compressor is faced, improve switch Service life.

Further, the switch of described cold-producing medium and temperature sensor is connected with controller, is realized using controller many The control and management of individual different equipment.

The defroster structure very simple that cold chain transportation of the present utility model goes out, can be in existing cold chain transportation vehicle On the basis of, simple transformation is obtained.Temperature sensor can not be used or temperature sensor is used, particularly temperature is being used In the case of sensor（General cold chain transportation vehicle all carries temperature sensor）, can accurately get hold of very much blower fan reality Ruuning situation（With the presence or absence of blockage problem）, and then realize corresponding defrosting process is carried out for the problem of blocking.

The principle analysis being directed to is as follows：When the good situation of refrigeration that powerful refrigeration compressor is realized Under, it is very big due to absorbing the heat taken away in the air outlet of blower fan, so the vapor in freight house inner air is easy to condense Cheng Bing, and then blocking is given the air outlet of blower fan.Once the air outlet of blower fan is blocked, then although refrigeration compressor and wind Machine is ceaselessly working, but the air of refrigeration cannot be blown in freight house, it is impossible to realizes heat exchange, is also just unable to reach refrigeration Effect.Now, as the ambient temperature of haulage vehicle is significantly larger than the freight house temperature of cold chain transportation car, based on freight house Insulating power it is limited, partial heat can be penetrated in the middle of freight house, and then the temperature sensor inside freight house will be quickly anti- The trend of temperature rising, that is, corresponding controllers should be gone out（Usually driver）The data read from thermometer show Temp. displaying function is rising.Refrigeration compressor is now closed, blow is given by ice fraction therein using the circulated air of blower fan, although do not have Have a heat effect, but also no further refrigeration, the circulated air that blower fan is blown over still can with fan outlet at condense Freeze and heat exchange occurs（The temperature of ice is less than air themperature, and can exchange heat thawing ice）.In this course, due to freight house not It is opened, the heat exchange of the external environment condition of freight house internal medium and cold chain transportation car is still weaker, therefore cold chain transportation The amplitude that the freight house temperature of car rises is minimum.During defrosting, still can be very good to keep the inside temperature of freight house Degree is stable, is not in the significantly rising of freight house temperature, also ensures that the low temperature breast that defrosting process will not be to transporting is made Product are adversely affected.

Above simply in conjunction with specific embodiments for the analytic explanation of the technical solution of the utility model, not as concrete Restriction.Certainly, the technical solution of the utility model can also adopt frequency-changeable compressor, but due to frequency-changeable compressor itself Characteristic is more complicated, may need to consider more match conditions during application.For example for the fortune of frequency-changeable compressor Row watt level, may be different because the temperature of freight house is different, but when the startup of initial cold chain transportation car, become Frequency compressor equally needs powerful startup optimization, is equally now the problem for easily occurring condensing ice blockage air outlet 's.Close compressor can be carried out using above-mentioned identical method, rely solely on the icing that air outlet is melted in blower fan blowing, also may be used To be the refrigeration work consumption of appropriate reduction frequency-changeable compressor, the amount for freezing is controlled, and melts ice fraction.But, this change Frequency control program, even relatively low power refrigeration, is still and there is refrigeration, for the effect for melting defrosting is by negative shadow Loud.The ordinary refrigerant compressor that general cold chain transportation vehicle is mainly applied is additionally, since, so, still more recommend The direct shutdown strategy of the refrigeration compressor in the above embodiments.

Further, after the freight house temperature sensor for arranging in scheme of the present utility model is preferably positioned at fan outlet The position at end.It is so designed that whether the cold wind that can preferably monitor blower fan is blocked, and the temperature of freight house can be more Really reacted, for low temperature milk product transport advantageously.

Claims (9)

1. the refrigeration compressor for arranging on a kind of cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device, including conventional cold chain transportation vehicle and refrigeration Blower fan, it is characterised in that

Refrigeration compressor is arranged on the outside of vehicle, for compression refrigerant；

Refrigeration fan is arranged on inside freight house, for receiving to pass through the cold-producing medium of compression process and using cold-producing medium evaporation suction Receive heat to realize the freight house of cold chain transportation vehicle is freezed；

Independent first switch is provided with the supply line of the refrigeration compressor of described cold chain transportation car, first switch is used In the operation and closing of control refrigeration compressor, the independent operating of refrigeration compressor is realized.

2. cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described defroster, also includes Thermometer or temperature sensor, for monitoring the temperature variations inside the freight house of cold chain transportation vehicle.

3. cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described first switch be have it is fixed The switch of Shi Gongneng, after switch cuts out a period of time, switch can automatic reclosing.

4. cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the switch of timing function close after from The dynamic time for resetting is 1-10 minutes.

5. cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the goods of described cold chain transportation vehicle Temperature sensor is additionally provided with inside storehouse, temperature sensor is used for the temperature variations for monitoring cold chain transportation vehicle.

6. cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that also including controller, described temperature Degree sensor and first switch are connected on controller.

7. cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described first switch is with coupling The switch of clutch.

8. cold chain transportation car automatic defrosting device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that refrigeration compressor is compressed from frequency conversion Machine.

9. using the cold chain transportation vehicle of the defroster described in the claims 1-8 any one.