CN206038826U - Discharge electron temperature's measurement system of long air gap thunderbolt - Google Patents
Discharge electron temperature's measurement system of long air gap thunderbolt Download PDFInfo
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- CN206038826U CN206038826U CN201620390160.6U CN201620390160U CN206038826U CN 206038826 U CN206038826 U CN 206038826U CN 201620390160 U CN201620390160 U CN 201620390160U CN 206038826 U CN206038826 U CN 206038826U
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- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000010553 multiple abscesses Diseases 0.000 abstract description 25
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a discharge electron temperature's measurement system of long air gap thunderbolt relates to the power systems technology field for obtain the higher deep multiple abscess of precision guide the conversion process's electron temperature improves the degree of going deep into of the physics mechanism research of discharging under the long air gap lightning impulse, finally improves electric power system's anti -thunder capability. Discharge electron temperature's measurement system of long air gap thunderbolt includes: impulse generator, capacitive voltage divider, measuring resistance, first leg electrode and be located second leg electrode, spectrum appearance, ICCD camera and the oscilloscope of first leg electrode top. The utility model provides a discharge electron temperature's measurement system of long air gap thunderbolt is used for the research of electric power system's thunder and lightning defence.
Description
Technical field
This utility model is related to technical field of power systems, more particularly to a kind of long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature
Measuring system.
Background technology
Thunderbolt is the one of the main reasons of transmission line of electricity tripping operation, therefore studies the electric discharge thing under long air gap lightning impulse
Reason mechanism, safeguard procedures and method for numerical simulation are the research emphasis and difficult point of power system lightning protection.
In the prior art, it is in terms of the research of the discharge physicses mechanism under long air gap lightning impulse, main to utilize
Electron temperature in the transformation process that flash-over characteristic is tested to obtain multiple abscess, guide and end jump, and then analyze in multiple abscess, Xian Daoji
Electric discharge phenomena change over time and space in the transformation process of end jump.However, in the prior art, tried using flash-over characteristic
The precision of the electron temperature tested in the multiple abscess of acquisition, guide and end jump transformation process is relatively low, and this causes the prior art cannot be to length
Discharge physicses mechanism under the lightning impulse of the air gap carries out in-depth study, and then leads to not arrange conjunction in power system
The safeguard procedures of reason, the lightning protection capability for ultimately resulting in power system are poor.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of measuring system of long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature, is used for
The electron temperature in the higher multiple abscess of precision, guide and end jump transformation process is obtained, is improved under long air gap lightning impulse
The lightning protection capability for going deep into degree, finally improving power system of discharge physicses study mechanism.
To achieve these goals, this utility model provides following technical scheme：
This utility model provides a kind of measuring system of long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature, between long air
Gap lightning discharge process, the measuring system include：
Impulse voltage generator, which has input and outfan, for producing the output voltage of simulation lightning discharge, its
In, the input end grounding；
Capacitive divider, which is in parallel with the impulse voltage generator, for measuring the defeated of the impulse voltage generator
Go out magnitude of voltage；
Measurement resistance, which is connected with the outfan of the impulse voltage generator, is occurred for measuring the surge voltage
The output current value of device；
First bar electrode and the second bar electrode above first bar electrode, second bar electrode and described
One bar electrode is connected with the measurement resistance at a distance of 5m, second bar electrode, the first bar electrode ground connection；
Spectrogrph, its camera lens are pointed between second bar electrode and first bar electrode, for gathering described second
The spectrum of the electric discharge phenomena between bar electrode and first bar electrode, the spectrogrph can change described by lifting moving
Camera lens points to the position between second bar electrode and first bar electrode；
ICCD cameras, which is installed on the spectrogrph, is adopted for shooting and recording the spectrogrph at regular intervals
The spectrum for collecting；And
Oscillograph, which is connected with the capacitive divider and the measurement resistance respectively, for according to the output voltage
Value and the output current value, generate and show the voltage waveform and current waveform of the impulse voltage generator output.
In the technical solution of the utility model, by impulse voltage generator the second bar electrode and the first bar electrode it
Between produce the lightning discharge of simulation, by the spectrum produced by the spectrometer collection lightning discharge phenomenon, and then utilize ICCD phases
Machine shoots and records the spectrum every certain time interval, by analyzing the spectrum of the record, obtains HαInformation and HβSpectral line
The information such as intensity, and then calculated according to these information, obtain the i.e. electron temperature of multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process.Therefore,
With the precision phase of the electron temperature for testing the multiple abscess for obtaining, guide and end jump transformation process in prior art by flash-over characteristic
Than the measuring system institute of the multiple abscess, guide and end jump long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature that provide using this utility model
The electron temperature numerical precision for obtaining is higher, it is possible to increase the depth of the discharge physicses study mechanism under long air gap lightning impulse
Enter degree, the final lightning protection capability for improving power system.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding to of the present utility model, constitutes of the present utility model one
Point, schematic description and description of the present utility model is used for explaining this utility model, does not constitute to of the present utility model
Improper restriction.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the measuring system of the long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature that embodiment 1 is provided.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the measuring method of the long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature that embodiment 2 is provided.
Reference：
10- impulse voltage generators, 11- capacitive dividers,
12- measurement resistance, the first bar electrodes of 21-,
The second bar electrodes of 22-, 30- spectrogrphs,
31- gratings, 32- planoconvex lenss,
33- polarized lens, 34-ICCD cameras,
40- oscillographs, 50- analytical equipments,
60- synchronous triggering devices.
Specific embodiment
In order to further illustrate the measurement of the long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature of this utility model embodiment offer
System, is described in detail with reference to Figure of description.
【Embodiment 1】
Fig. 1 is referred to, this utility model embodiment provides a kind of measurement of long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature
System, including impulse voltage generator 10, capacitive divider 11, measurement resistance 12, the second bar electrode 22, the first bar electrode 21,
Spectrogrph 30, ICCD cameras 34 and oscillograph 40.
Impulse voltage generator 10 is a kind of voltage generator element that can simulate lightning discharge, is generally used for power equipment
The impulse voltage test of lightning impulse voltage all-wave, lightning impulse voltage wave chopping and operating impulse voltage ripple is carried out Deng test product, is examined
Test insulating properties.In the present embodiment, the rated voltage of impulse voltage generator 10 is at least 2000kv, with outfan and defeated
Enter end, the outfan is connected with the second bar electrode 22, the input end grounding.
Capacitive divider 11 is in parallel with impulse voltage generator 10, namely one end connects the input of capacitive divider 11,
The other end is grounded.The capacitive divider 11 is used for measuring the output voltage values of the generation of impulse voltage generator 10.
Measurement resistance 12 is connected with the second bar electrode 22, between the second bar electrode 22 and impulse voltage generator 10
On circuit, the measurement resistance 12 is used for output current value of the measurement by the second bar electrode 22.
Second bar electrode 22 is located at the surface of the first bar electrode 21, and the first bar electrode 21 is vertically set with the first bar electrode 22
Put,, in straight line, the upper end of the second bar electrode 22 is connected with measurement resistance 12, the upper end of lower end and the first bar electrode 21 for both
Between difference in height be 5m.Discharge space is formed between second bar electrode 22 and the first bar electrode 21.
Spectrogrph 30 is horizontally disposed with, and its camera lens is pointed between the second bar electrode 22 and the first bar electrode 21, for collection
State the spectrum of electric discharge phenomena in discharge space.Spectrogrph 30 can in the vertical direction carry out lifting moving, adjust which with first
Difference in height x between bar electrode 21, to gather the spectrum of the diverse location in above-mentioned discharge space.Additionally, simple for part
For spectrogrph 30, in the front of the camera lens of spectrogrph 30, can also be according to being set to the order away from camera lens successively from being close to camera lens
There are polarized lens 33, planoconvex lenss 32, grating 31, wherein, different ripples of the grating 31 for the camera lens to being incident to spectrogrph 30
Long light carries out discrete, and region of discharge is projected to 30 entrance slit of spectrogrph by convex lenss, and polaroid is used for filtering off unrelated spectrum
Line.
ICCD camera 34 is equiped with spectrogrph 30 also, which can enter to the spectrum of the collection of spectrogrph 30 at regular intervals
Row shoots, and is recorded.
Oscillograph 40 is connected with capacitive divider 11 and measurement resistance 12, for receiving what the measurement of capacitive divider 11 was obtained
The output current value that output voltage values and the measurement measurement of resistance 12 are obtained, generates according to the output current value and output voltage values
State the waveform of output voltage.
In this utility model embodiment, using impulse voltage generator 10 in the second bar electrode 22 and the first bar electrode 21
Between discharge space in simulation lightning discharge, and using spectrogrph 30 gather the discharge space in spectrum.Then, pass through
ICCD cameras 34 shoot the spectrum every certain time interval, and the spectrum that shooting is obtained is recorded and analyzed, and obtain
HαInformation and HβThe information such as the intensity of spectral line, calculate according to the information for obtaining, and calculate the electricity of multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process
Sub- temperature.Therefore, with prior art in by flash-over characteristic test obtain multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process electronics temperature
The precision of degree is compared, obtained by the measuring system of the long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature provided using this utility model
Electron temperature numerical precision is higher, it is possible to increase discharge physicses study mechanism under long air gap lightning impulse gos deep into journey
Degree, the final lightning protection capability for improving power system.
It is understood that after the spectrum that ICCD cameras 34 shoot is obtained, can be using artificial or computer to these
Spectrum is analyzed calculating, to obtain the electron temperature of multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process.In order to improve measurement efficiency,
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned measuring system also includes analytical equipment 50, and the analytical equipment 50 can be the equipment such as computer or work station,
It is connected with ICCD cameras 34.Computer program is previously written in the analytical equipment 50, under the control of the computer program, point
Analysis apparatus 50 obtain the spectrum of its record from ICCD cameras 34, obtain H according to the spectrumαInformation and HβThe information such as the intensity of spectral line,
And the electron temperature of multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process is calculated according to default formula.With manually ICCD cameras 34 are shot
Spectrum be analyzed calculating and compare, analytical equipment 50 can carry out above-mentioned analytical calculation process automatically, and also can improve
Efficiency and levels of precision that parameter is calculated.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned measuring system also includes synchronous triggering device 60, the synchronous triggering device 60 with
Oscillograph 40 and ICCD cameras 34 connect.Output voltage is produced in impulse voltage generator 10 (output voltage is pulse voltage)
When, the waveform of the output voltage of impulse voltage generator 10 is obtained from oscillograph 40, judges that surge voltage occurs according to the waveform
The persistent period in each cycle of the output voltage that device 10 is produced, and according to the persistent period in each cycle, make ICCD cameras
34 in the time trigger for needing, and shoots the corresponding spectrum of synchronization in each cycle, or when shooting different in each cycle
Carve each self-corresponding spectrum.Therefore, by arranging synchronous triggering device 60, triggered time and the output voltage of ICCD cameras 34 are made
Each cycle in persistent period strictly correspond to, so as to obtain the spectrum at the moment of needs exactly.
【Embodiment 2】
Fig. 2 is referred to, in the present embodiment, there is provided a kind of multiple abscess, guide and end jump long air gap lightning discharge electricity
The measuring method of sub- temperature, the measuring method are put using the multiple abscess described in embodiment 1, guide and end jump long air gap thunderbolt
The measuring system of electric electron temperature, for, during long air gap lightning discharge, measurement multiple abscess, guide and end jump are converted
The electron temperature of journey.
Specifically, the measurement of the present embodiment is provided multiple abscess, guide and end jump long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature
Method includes：
Step S10, calculates 50% disruptive discharge voltage U of long air gap lightning discharge50%.Puncture in this step and put
When piezoelectric voltage is between the second bar electrode and the first bar electrode repeatedly to apply surge voltage, the electricity that wherein half is caused punch through
Pressure.
Step S20, it is kU to apply amplitude between the second bar electrode and the first bar electrode50%, waveform is the arteries and veins of 1.2/50 μ s
Voltage is rushed, wherein, the value of k is 1,1.05,1.10,1.15 or 1.20.Corresponding each k value, carries out following step S30 and step
S40。
Step S30, for the value of each k, the difference in height between spectral preservation instrument and the first bar electrode is constant, by light
Spectrometer gathers the spectrum of the electric discharge phenomena between the second bar electrode and the first bar electrode, in a cycle of pulse voltage, makes
With ICCD cameras, interval of delta t shoots spectrum at regular intervals, obtains time serieses spectrum, according to time serieses spectrum, obtains
HαThe Annual distribution and H of spectral lineβThe Annual distribution of spectral line.
In step s 30, above-mentioned time interval Δ t can be 20ns.Also, as the persistent period of each discharge process exists
Tens μ s or so, therefore, in order to more accurately record the phenomenon in discharge process, ICCD cameras each time of exposure can be set
Put in ns (nanosecond) rank, for example can in the 1-10ns any value.
Step S40, for each k value, from spectrogrph and the first bar electrode be 0 from difference in height x from the beginning of, gradually to spectrum
The height of instrument is adjusted, and makes the difference in height increase 0.5m every time, and passes through the second bar electrode of spectrometer collection and first leg electricity
The spectrum of the electric discharge phenomena between pole；Corresponding each difference in height, the same time point within each cycle of pulse voltage make
ICCD shoots spectrum, obtains spatial sequence spectrum, obtains H according to spatial sequence spectrumαThe spatial distribution of spectral line and HβThe sky of spectral line
Between be distributed.In step s 40, for the discharge space between the second bar electrode and the first bar electrode, spectrogrph can be collected
The spectrum of differing heights.So as to obtain HαThe spatial distribution of spectral line and HβThe spatial distribution of spectral line.
It is understood that according to step S30 and step S40, it is obtained in that each time point and locus are corresponding, though
Right intensity I hereinafter only to sometime point or locusαAnd intensity IβCalculating illustrate.But with reference to step
S30, step S40 and following steps, what the present embodiment was obtained in that be multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process in it is different when
Between and locus corresponding to electron temperature such that it is able to determine electric discharge phenomena in multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process
Time response and spatial character, and then analysis obtains multiple abscess in long air gap discharge process, guide and end jump transformation process
Mechanism, finally lightning discharge process is carried out deeper into research, preferably thunder-strike phenomenon is on the defensive.
Step S50, according to HαThe Annual distribution and H of spectral lineβThe Annual distribution of spectral line, HαThe spatial distribution of spectral line and HβSpectrum
The spatial distribution of line, obtains HαThe intensity I of spectral lineαAnd HβThe intensity I of spectral lineβ。
Step S60, according to HαThe intensity I of spectral lineαAnd HβThe intensity I of spectral lineβ, calculate electron temperature Te.In this step, electricity
Sub- temperature TeComputing formula be：
In the formula, the unit of electron temperature Te is eV；Iα、IβRespectively Hα、HβThe relative intensity of spectral line；Eα、EβPoint
Wei not Hα、HβThe excitation energy of spectral line energy level；λα、λβFor Hα、HβThe wavelength of spectral line spectral line, λα、λβUnit be nm；Aα、AβFor Hα、
HβThe corresponding transition probability of spectral line, Aα、AβUnit s-1；gα、gβFor HαSpectral line, HβThe corresponding upper energy level weight factor of spectral line.On
Stating parameter can be in National Institute of Standards and Technology (National Institute of Standards and
Technology, NIST) in find.
The measurement system that the beneficial effect of the measuring method provided relative to prior art, the present embodiment is provided with embodiment 1
The beneficial effect of system is identical, and here is omitted.
For above-mentioned technical proposal, step S10 (calculates 50% disruptive discharge voltage of long air gap lightning discharge
U50%) specifically include：
Step S11, determines an initial value U0.Change initial value for those skilled in the art rule of thumb, actual environment etc. because
The disruptive discharge voltage U of element estimation50%Estimated value.
Step S12, gradually applies test voltage between the second bar electrode and the first bar electrode, the amplitude of the test voltage
From 0.75U0Start, increase 0.05U every time0, until electric discharge and not flashover between the second bar electrode and the first bar electrode, with now
Test voltage value as effective voltage value；
Step S13, repeat step 12 at least 40 times, the meansigma methodss of calculated all effective voltage values are average with this
It is worth the 50% disruptive discharge voltage U as the air gap lightning discharge50%。
The process of step S11- step S13 is the process that staircase method measures disruptive discharge voltage, due to depositing in prior art
In the description of the idiographic flow of staircase method, therefore here is omitted.
In the present embodiment, the electronics temperature of multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process can be calculated by above steps
Degree) in different time points and the numerical value of different spatial, and then distribution of the electron temperature on space-time is obtained, to determine stream
The details and mechanism of note, guide and end jump transformation process.Therefore, the spy of thunderbolt can be studied by this utility model deeper into ground
Property, so as to preferably be on the defensive to thunderbolt.
It is understood that in the present embodiment, also it is capable of achieving by calculating that to judge whether the present embodiment is used in be checked
The multiple abscess of survey, guide and end jump transformation process, it is described in detail below.
Tool is theoretical according to large air gap discharge, in multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process, multiple abscess stem electron density NeCan increase
Big 1～3 order of magnitude.10 are met in view of electron density per cubic centimeter14≤Ne≤1018During condition, Stark broadening method
Measurement is more accurate, and electron density N of 4m rod plain gaps electric dischargeeIt is slightly not enough, therefore Doppler's exhibition must be removed by calculating
Wide, instrumental broadening and Van der Waals broadening.Natural width is about 10 in wavelength dimension-5Nm, can ignore under atmospheric conditions
Disregard.
Also, theoretical according to large air gap discharge, in multiple abscess, guide and end jump transformation process, temperature can be by room temperature
300K or so rises to more than 1500K.If plasma is in local thermodynamic equilibrium state, electronics is surveyed using Double-Line Method
Temperature Te, its essential condition is：Ne=1.6 × 1012Te1/2(Em-En)3, cm-3。
Wherein, TeFor the electron temperature of plasma, unit is eV；Em-EnProduce transition up and down can extreme difference, unit is
eV；At this point it is possible to use Electron Excited Temperature TexcCharacterize above-mentioned electron temperature Te.From planck formula, Hα、HβSpectral line energy level
Difference is about 0.663eV, and critical temperature when multiple abscess stem is converted into hot free guide is 1500K (i.e. 0.129eV), calculates to obtain local heating power
Learning the essential condition for balancing is：Ne≥1.675×1011, now long air gap electric discharge electron density substantially meet local heating power
Learn equilibrium condition.
The above, specific embodiment only of the present utility model, but protection domain of the present utility model do not limit to
In this, any those familiar with the art can readily occur in change in the technical scope that this utility model is disclosed
Or replace, should all cover within protection domain of the present utility model.Therefore, protection domain of the present utility model should be with the power
The protection domain that profit is required is defined.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of measuring system of long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature, for long air gap lightning discharge process, its
It is characterised by, the measuring system includes：
Impulse voltage generator, which has input and outfan, for producing the output voltage of simulation lightning discharge, wherein,
The input end grounding；
Capacitive divider, which is in parallel with the impulse voltage generator, for measuring the output electricity of the impulse voltage generator
Pressure value；
Measurement resistance, which is connected with the outfan of the impulse voltage generator, for measuring the impulse voltage generator
Output current value；
First bar electrode and the second bar electrode above first bar electrode, second bar electrode and the first leg
Electrode is connected with the measurement resistance at a distance of 5m, second bar electrode, the first bar electrode ground connection；
Spectrogrph, its camera lens are pointed between second bar electrode and first bar electrode, for gathering the second rod electricity
The spectrum of the electric discharge phenomena between pole and first bar electrode, the spectrogrph can change the camera lens by lifting moving
Point to the position between second bar electrode and first bar electrode；
ICCD cameras, which is installed on the spectrogrph, is arrived for shooting and recording the spectrometer collection at regular intervals
Spectrum；And
Oscillograph, which is connected with the capacitive divider and the measurement resistance respectively, for according to the output voltage values and
The output current value, generates and shows the voltage waveform and current waveform of the impulse voltage generator output.
2. the measuring system of long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Measuring system also includes analytical equipment, and which is connected with the ICCD cameras, for obtaining and analyzing what the ICCD cameras shot
Spectrum.
3. the measuring system of long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that
The measuring system also includes synchronous triggering device, and which is connected with the oscillograph and the ICCD cameras, for according to described
The waveform of the output voltage that oscillograph is generated, controls the triggered time of the ICCD cameras.
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| CN201620390160.6U CN206038826U (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | Discharge electron temperature's measurement system of long air gap thunderbolt |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105866641A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-17 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | System and method for measuring long air gap lightning stroke discharging electron temperature |
| CN108548973A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | One kind drawing Reatta protection domain test system and method |
-
2016
- 2016-04-29 CN CN201620390160.6U patent/CN206038826U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105866641A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-17 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | System and method for measuring long air gap lightning stroke discharging electron temperature |
| CN105866641B (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-05-31 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | The measuring system and method for long air gap lightning discharge electron temperature |
| CN108548973A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | One kind drawing Reatta protection domain test system and method |
| CN108548973B (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2020-09-01 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Lightning-induced tower protection range testing system and method |
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Effective date of registration: 20210811 Address after: 510663 3 building, 3, 4, 5 and J1 building, 11 building, No. 11, Ke Xiang Road, Luogang District Science City, Guangzhou, Guangdong. Patentee after: ELECTRIC POWER Research Institute CHINA SOUTHERN POWER GRID Patentee after: SOUTH CHINA University OF TECHNOLOGY Address before: 510080 West Tower, Yuedian building, No.8 shuijungang, Dongfeng East Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: ELECTRIC POWER Research Institute CHINA SOUTHERN POWER GRID Patentee before: POWER GRID TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER. CHINA SOUTHERN POWER GRID Patentee before: SOUTH CHINA University OF TECHNOLOGY |
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