CN205846964U - Motor, electric system - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to a kind of motor for vehicle and the electric system comprising this motor.Described motor includes: clutch unit, epicyclic train, rotor, magnet steel and fix the stator being connected with this magnet steel；Described clutch unit is for transmitting turning moment between described axletree and described epicyclic train；Described epicyclic train is set on described axletree, it is possible to utilize the power come from the transmission of described clutch unit to drive described rotor to rotate, or the rotation of rotor is transferred to described clutch unit；Wherein, when described normal vehicle operation, the battery charging that the faradic current that described motor utilizes stator and the relative motion of rotor and produces in described coil is vehicle；When described vehicle receives brake signal, the sensing that described motor utilizes stator and the relative motion of rotor and produces in described coil makes described vehicle brake against electromotive force.Described motor has compact conformation, safeguards simple feature.

Description

Motor, electric system

Technical field

The present invention relates to the multi-function motor system for vehicle, particularly relate to comprise on the axletree being installed in vehicle Motor and comprise the electric system of this motor.

Background technology

Bicycle, as a kind of daily vehicles, is just becoming people with its advantage such as energy-conserving and environment-protective, sport and body-building energy-conservation The first-selection of environmental protection low-carbon (LC) trip.Correspondingly, bicycle use navigator, position recorder, motion monitoring equipment, sound equipment, ornament lamp It is to drive the bicycle peripheral equipment in source the most increasingly by the concern of user with like etc. various needs with electricity.But, due to Bicycle itself does not have electromotor or electromotor equal power device, and these bicycle peripheral equipments can only be with the battery carried Being powered, too much battery uses and not only can make troubles to user, it is also possible to cause the waste of the energy and the dirt of environment Dyes etc., this original intention gone on a journey with low-carbon environment-friendly is runed counter to.The most existing installation motor on the flower-drum of wheel, utilizes the rotation of wheel Carry out the hub motor etc. generated electricity, referring for example to the utility model patent of Patent No. 201420198304.9.But current flower Drum motor structure is complicated, causes electric machine structure the compactest, can be restricted by installing space.

Additionally, brake is the requisite safety device of the vehicles such as bicycle, the performance of brake determines to a great extent The safety coefficient of user's trip.As brake for bicycle mode, common are at present V stop, disc brake, roller brake etc..But it is existing These brake modes having are all to use friction or the Mechanical Contact mode of braking such as teeth are locking, life-time service or safeguard improper Easily occur because of problems such as the brake failures that device abrasion etc. causes.

Problem above not only exists on bicycle, on any vehicles with wheel such as motorcycle, electric motor car, automobile All there may be.

Summary of the invention

The present invention researches and develops in view of above-mentioned technical problem, i.e. provides a kind of motor for vehicle and comprises this The electric system of motor.Described motor has compact conformation, can realize the feature of reliable brake.

According to the first aspect of the invention, it is provided that a kind of motor for vehicle, including clutch unit, planetary gear System, rotor, magnet steel and fix the stator being connected with this magnet steel；Described clutch unit is fixed on the axletree of described vehicle On, for transmitting turning moment between described axletree and described epicyclic train；Described epicyclic train is set in described On axletree, it is possible to utilize the power come from the transmission of described clutch unit to drive described rotor to rotate, or the rotation of rotor is passed It is passed to described clutch unit；Described magnet steel is fixed on described rotor, common with the central gear in described epicyclic train Rotate or stop the rotation；Multiple coil it is wound around, when described stator rotates relative to described rotor in described coil on described stator Produce faradic current；Wherein, when described vehicle travels, described motor utilizes stator and the relative motion of rotor and at described line The battery that the first faradic current the is described vehicle charging produced in circle；When described vehicle is by brake operation, described motor The second faradic current and this second faradism that utilize stator and the relative motion of rotor and produce in described coil flow to one The induced field that step produces makes described vehicle brake.

Further, described motor also includes: shell, is used for accommodating and close described clutch unit, described planet Gear train, described rotor, described magnet steel and described stator.

Further, described clutch unit includes clutch and clutch-pedal support.

Further, described clutch is fixing with described clutch-pedal support is connected or is integrally formed.

Further, described epicyclic train includes: central gear, planetary gear, pinion frame and ring gear；Institute State planetary gear to be supported by the planet axis being arranged on pinion frame, do planetary rotation around central gear；Described planet tooth Wheel carrier is fixed with described clutch unit, thus transmits turning moment between planetary gear and clutch unit.

Further, described epicyclic train includes: central gear, planetary gear, pinion frame and ring gear；Institute State planetary gear to be supported by the planet axis being arranged on pinion frame, do planetary rotation around central gear；Described planet tooth Wheel carrier is fixed with described clutch-pedal support, thus transmits turning moment between planetary gear and clutch unit.

Further, described central gear is fixed with described rotor or is integrally formed.

Further, described magnet steel is set to circular, and is set in the periphery of described stator, so that described stator During with described rotor relative movement, described coil produces faradic current.

Further, described stator, along its axially arranged multiple wrapping posts, this wrapping post is wound around described coil.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of electric system, including the motor described in any of the above-described item；And control Unit processed, is used for controlling described motor and is the charging of described battery or makes described vehicle brake.

(invention effect)

By arranging described epicyclic train in described motor as drive mechanism, by rotating through of described axletree Clutch unit is delivered to described epicyclic train, so that rotor and stator relative motion, charges for battery；Meanwhile, exist When receiving user's brake operation, control described motor so that described rotor and stator relative motion, produce faradism wherein Stream, and produce the active force hindering described wheel to rotate further, thus brake.The described motor formed by said structure, Have compact conformation, axially on the little beneficial effect of size, and braking effect is reliable, system maintenance simple, stops realizing While car, moreover it is possible to charge for battery, reach to save the purpose of the energy.

Being specifically described embodiments of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, beneficial effects of the present invention will be the brightest Really.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 shows the structured flowchart of the electric system having generating and brake function concurrently for bicycle；

Fig. 2 shows the structured flowchart of the preferred embodiment according to control circuit of the present invention；

Fig. 3 is the decomposition texture schematic diagram of the described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine according to one embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the axial sectional view of the described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine according to one embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 5 be the described stator according to one embodiment of the present invention and on the signal of distribution mode of institute's coiling Figure；

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the inverter circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

Below with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in detail based on detailed description of the invention.For the sake of clarity, the most do not have Body describes and well known to a person skilled in the art parts or structure.Although the present invention being retouched it addition, combine particular implementation State, it should be appreciated that this description is not intended as limiting the invention to described embodiment.On the contrary, this description is intended to cover May be included in the replacement in the spirit and scope of the present invention being defined by the appended claims, improvement and equivalent.

Illustrate as a example by electric system on the axletree being installed in bicycle below, but native system the most also can It is applicable to the arbitrary vehicle such as electric bicycle, motorcycle, automobile.

The electric system 100 of the present invention is described with reference first to Fig. 1.Fig. 1 shows having generating concurrently and stopping for bicycle The structured flowchart of the electric system of car function.As it is shown in figure 1, electric system includes battery 101, control unit 102 and motor 103.Battery 101 is rechargeable battery, such as, can be lithium ion battery or lead-acid accumulator etc., and stored electric energy can be Other electrical equipments on motor 103, control unit 102 and bicycle, the such as power supply such as car light.Wherein, at described motor 103 when being operated under charge mode, charges for this battery 101.Control unit 102 is used for controlling described motor 103 so that it is filling Time under power mode, described battery 101 is charged, and when receiving brake operation (such as the pinching lower brake lever etc.) of user, based on Produced brake signal controls described motor 103 and is operated under brake mode, so that described bicycle brake.Additionally, As required, it is also possible to arrange assistant mode, i.e. during bicycle is ridden forward, motor 103 utilizes electromagnetic induction former The electric energy that battery 101 supplies is changed into mechanical energy by reason, and the rotation for wheel provides power-assisted.Motor 103 is arranged on the most voluntarily On the axletree of car, when bicycle is ridden the most forward, work in either a generation, i.e. utilize electromagnetic induction principle by wheel The mechanical energy rotated is converted to electric energy, charges for battery 101.When needs brake, work with brake mode, in control circuit Quickly stop operating under the control of 102.

Control unit 102 is used for controlling motor 103 so that it is be operated in brake mode or charge mode.Fig. 2 shows basis The structured flowchart of one preferred embodiment of control circuit of the present invention.As in figure 2 it is shown, described control unit 102 includes controlling Device 21 and motor-drive circuit 22.This controller 21 for example, single-chip microcomputer or programmable logic controller (PLC) part etc., it realizes generally Control function.Motor-drive circuit 22, for the control according to controller 21, produces the signal driving motor.This motor drives Circuit 22 includes, such as inverter circuit etc. (as shown in Figure 6, being described below).It is further preferred that this control unit 102 is also Including brake signal generation unit 23, concrete for example, brake circuit breaker, produce brake for the brake operation according to user Signal, and exporting to controller 21, controller 21 exports control signal accordingly to motor-drive circuit 22, so that motor 103 are operated under brake mode.

It is pointed out that the composition of above-mentioned control unit 102 is merely illustrative, described motor can be selected as required The control circuit of 103, the most existing integrated motor driver (SoC motor driver etc.).

Motor 103 can use DC generator (such as brushed DC motor, brshless DC motor), it would however also be possible to employ hands over Stream electromotor (such as load motor, three phase alternating current motor etc.), it is preferable to employ permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine.Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, describes the permanent magnet brushless dc of one detailed description of the invention of the present invention that can be suitably used for above-mentioned electric system in detail The concrete structure of machine.

Fig. 3 is the decomposition texture schematic diagram of the described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine according to one embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 4 Axial sectional view for the described permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine according to one embodiment of the present invention.

As it is shown on figure 3, the permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine of present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as motor) including: clutch unit CL, epicyclic train G, magnet steel 3, rotor 4 and stator 2.Clutch unit CL is fixed on main shaft 11, owing to described motor is Being sleeved on the axletree of vehicle, the axletree of this main shaft 11 for example, bicycle, clutch unit CL is used for realizing row The transmission of the rotating torque between star gear train G and described main shaft 11.Epicyclic train G utilizes and comes from clutch unit CL transmission Rotating torque rotor driven 4 rotate, or the rotation of rotor 4 is transferred to clutch unit CL.Multiple coil it is wound around on stator 2 (as shown in Figure 5), it is distributed with predetermined phase between each coil.Described magnet steel 3 is fixed on rotor 4, and revolves around described stator Turn.Thus, when this motor 103 is operated in charge mode, when stator 2 is relative to rotor 4 relative motion, former based on electromagnetic induction Reason, produces faradic current, charges for described battery 101 in coil；When motor 103 is operated in brake mode, rotor 4 and stator Relative motion between 2, this is equivalent to conductor at cutting magnetic line, according to electromagnetic induction principle, can produce sensing at conductor Electric current, faradic current can produce another one induced field simultaneously, has active force between this magnetic field and the magnetic field existed, And the direction of active force is contrary with the rotation direction of rotor, i.e. this active force hinders stator and the relative motion of rotor, is system Power, is described hereinafter described motor and utilizes this brake force to realize the concrete operations of brake.

It is further preferred that described motor 103 also includes shell, such as, it is made up of resin material, can close and protect Above-mentioned each parts are as the criterion.In present invention embodiment as shown in Figure 3,4, described shell preferably includes wheel hub 10 and end cap 1.Institute Stating wheel hub 10 and be formed as approximating bowl-shape, inner space is used for accommodating above-mentioned each parts, thus it is overall to form compact motor.Wheel hub Bowl-shape peristome by described end cap 1 such as with threaded, rivet, the mode such as welding seals, so that described shell Formed and close space.

There is the described motor of said structure, owing to using the drive mechanism of described epicyclic train so that described motor There is compact conformation, feature that axial dimension is little, and braking effect is reliable, system maintenance simple, while realizing brake, Can also charge for battery, reach to save the purpose of the energy.Hereinafter the concrete structure of each parts is described in detail.

Described clutch unit CL preferably includes clutch 12 and clutch-pedal support 13.Clutch 12 is fixed on inner ring Mode on main shaft 11 is connected with described main shaft, described fixing mode for example, interference fit, threaded or welding Deng.And clutch-pedal support 13, such as it is fixed on the outer ring of clutch 12 in modes such as interference fit, threaded or welding, Thus time under the ingear state of inner ring and outer ring of clutch, it is possible to follow clutch 12 and rotate.Meanwhile, clutch props up The pinion frame 7 of frame 13 and epicyclic train G, such as, fix in the mode such as threaded, thus, described clutch unit CL Rotating torque can be transmitted between main shaft 11 and described epicyclic train G.That is, when motor 103 is operated under charge mode, The rotation of described main shaft 11 can be delivered to described epicyclic train G；When motor 103 is operated under brake mode, it is possible to The moment contrary with main shaft 11 rotation direction of described epicyclic train is delivered to described clutch unit CL.

It is pointed out that as it is shown on figure 3, in order to reduce manufacturing cost, to be respectively provided with above-mentioned clutch 12 and clutch The mode of device support 13 forms clutch unit CL, but which is exemplary only, and both may be alternatively formed to one, i.e. exists Formed on the outer ring of described clutch and fix, with epicyclic train G, the clutch-pedal support being connected, as long as being capable of at main shaft 11 And between epicyclic train G, transmit rotating torque.

Epicyclic train G preferably includes central gear 5, does the planetary gear 6 of planetary rotation, planet around central gear 5 Gear stand 7 and ring gear 9.As it is shown on figure 3, three planetary gears 6 are while doing planetary rotation around central gear 5, Also with planet axis 8 rotation being formed on pinion frame 7.Described planet axis 8 corresponds respectively to three planetary gears 6 and sets, And the axis hole each arranged through correspondence position on planet carrier 7, thus rotatably support the planetary gear 6 of correspondence.It may be noted that Be, it is illustrated that planetary gear 6 and the quantity of planet axis 8 exemplary only, the number of planetary gear and axle thereof is the most not It is limited to this.Described pinion frame 7 is relatively fixed with clutch unit CL, concrete, with the clutch in clutch unit CL Support 13 is fixed, and as described above, is arranged so that between main shaft 11 and epicyclic train G transmission turning moment.Meanwhile, Described pinion frame 7 is supported by the bearing 14 arranged around main shaft 11, such that it is able to rotate around main shaft 11.Described ring gear 9 phase Fixing for main shaft 11, it can such as be fixed on shell or other any feasible positions.Central gear 5 is set in described On main shaft 11, engage with described planetary gear 6.The while of described central gear 5 with described rotor 4 in the way of such as threadeding Fixing connection, thus rotor 4 and described central gear 5 jointly rotate or stop.

Described magnet steel 3 is fixed on this rotor 4, described fixing mode, and such as can use that aluminium layering compression etc. is various can The fixed form of row.Magnet steel 3, for example with NdFeB material, the most circular, and it is set in the periphery of stator 2 so that two Person is when relative rotary motion, and the coil that stator 2 is wound around can sense the changes of magnetic field on magnet steel 3, thus produces corresponding Induction electromotive force.This rotor 4 and central gear 5 with the most threaded, rivet, the mode such as weld is fixed.Rotor 4 is formed as The most flat round ware shape, central part at the bottom of ware is provided with the through hole passed for main shaft 11, is formed axially towards end cap in this through hole The ladder barrel shape projection that 1 side is prominent, the internal diameter of this ladder barrel shape projection is constant, external diameter is gradually reduced towards end cap 1 direction. As shown in Figure 4, outside the large-diameter portion of this ladder barrel shape projection and outside minor diameter part, it is respectively equipped with bearing 15 and 16, thus turns Son 4 is mounted pivotably, and rotates relative to stator 2.Wherein, the bottom of the rotor 4 preferably justifying ware shape is recessed to end cap 1 side Falling into, to accommodate a part for central gear 5, and being threaded into rotor for central gear 5 being fixed on the such as screw of rotor 4 The described large-diameter portion of 4.Thereby, it is possible to make the arrangement of motor 103 parts compacter further, shorten its axial width.

It is pointed out that arranging of the shape of described rotor 4 and bearing 15,16 is exemplary only, can basis Need to arrange the shape of rotor 4, and the position of described bearing and quantity.It addition, described rotor 4 can also be with described central gear 5 form as one, rather than by described threaded in the way of fix.

Described stator 2, as it is shown in figure 5, be formed with multiple wrapping post in its periphery, it is wound around described coil.Coil with Packet is also formed on described wrapping post in the way of predetermined phase interval.Fig. 5 shows tri-groups of coils of A, B, C, often organizes line Circle comprises again the first tapped-winding the most spaced apart and the second tapped-winding.Specifically, as it is shown in figure 5, open from A group coil Begin, be first wound around the first tapped-winding A1 of A group coil, be next wound around the first tapped-winding C1 of C group coil, be B afterwards First tapped-winding B1 of group coil, is wound around the second tapped-winding C2 of second tapped-winding A2, C group of A group the most successively And the second tapped-winding B2 of B group.By above-mentioned arrangement mode so that the electric current between each coil has predetermined phase place Difference, such as 60 °.Explanation for each coil is exemplary only above, and described coil may be used without four phases, five phases etc., this Invention is only as a example by this three-phase star arrangement mode.

Describe the charge mode according to motor of the present invention and brake mode below implements process.

[brake process]

As the complemental brake system of vehicle, described motor is receiving after the brake signal of user, performs brake behaviour Make.Specifically, when, after user operation such as parking brake, brake signal generation unit 23 produces brake signal according to this brake operation, And it being sent to controller 21, controller 21 controls motor-drive circuit 22, concrete, as shown in Figure 6, motor-drive circuit 22 In inverter circuit six switching tubes in, be on identical half-bridge three switching tubes D2, D4 and D6 and open, on another half-bridge Three switching tubes D1, D3 and D5 disconnect.So, the magnetic field produced in the coil of stator 2 can be at adjacent described wrapping post, gas A loop is formed between gap, rotor 4.Now, if having relative motion between rotor 4 and stator 2, being equivalent to conductor and cutting Cut the magnetic line of force.According to electromagnetic induction principle, portion can produce faradic current in coil, and faradic current can produce another one simultaneously Induced field, has an active force between this magnetic field and the magnetic field existed, and the direction of active force and described rotor 4 and stator The direction of motion between 2 is contrary, and this active force is exactly brake force.

And this Braking is between stator 2, magnet steel 3, can according to description to the composition of described motor 103 above Knowing, owing to magnet steel 3 is fixed on rotor 4, rotor 4 is similarly subjected to the effect of this brake force, and central gear 5 is fixed on and turns On son 4, planetary gear 6 is done planetary rotation by 8 winding central gears 5 of planet axis, thus under the effect of this brake force, planet Tooth rest 7 does retarded motion around central gear 5.If described brake force is F, ring gear in described epicyclic train G 9 with too The gear ratio of sun gear 5 is a, and the gear ratio of the most described gear train is a+1, and being delivered to the brake force on pinion frame 7 is F* (a+1).Further, owing to described pinion frame 7 is fixed together with clutch-pedal support 13, and clutch-pedal support 13 is fixed On main shaft 11, such as axletree, so the brake force that axletree is subject to is also for F* (a+1).I.e. by above-mentioned brake force, it is achieved The described motor 103 brake operation to vehicle.

[charging process]

In the process of moving, described main shaft 11, such as axletree rotate, due to clutch for described vehicle, such as bicycle Unit CL is fixed on this main shaft, thus this clutch unit CL rotates jointly with main shaft.Again due to described pinion frame 7 with Clutch-pedal support 13 is fixed together, thus pinion frame 7 rotates, and drives the planetary gear 6 supported by planet axis 8 to revolve Turn.And planetary gear 6 engages with central gear 5, thus central gear 5 coordinates rotation with planetary gear 6, and be further driven to The rotor 4 being fixed together rotate.Owing to magnet steel 3 is fixed on rotor 4, thus jointly rotate with rotor 4.

Now, the coil-induced change to magnetic field on stator 2, coil produces faradic current, and passes through further Wire transmission, to battery 101, charges for it.

Above the motor of the present invention and charge mode thereof and brake mode are described.By setting in described motor Put described epicyclic train as drive mechanism, the clutch unit that rotates through of described axletree is delivered to described planet tooth Train, so that rotor and stator relative motion, charges for battery；Meanwhile, when receiving user's brake operation, control institute State motor so that described rotor and stator relative motion, produce faradic current wherein, and produce the described wheel of obstruction further The active force rotated, thus brake.The described motor formed by said structure, have compact conformation structure, axially on chi The beneficial effect of very little reduction, and braking effect is reliable, system maintenance simple, while realizing brake, moreover it is possible to fill for battery Electricity, reaches to save the purpose of the energy.

The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention, be not limited to the present invention, for those skilled in the art For Yuan, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of being made, Equivalent, improvement etc., within should be included in scope of the presently claimed invention.

(label declaration)

1 end cap

2 stators

3 magnet steel

4 rotors

5 sun gears

6 planetary gears

7 planet carriers

8 planet pivot pins

9 ring gears

10 wheel hubs

11 main shafts

12 clutches

13 clutch-pedal supports

14,15,16 bearing

CL clutch unit

G epicyclic train

Claims (9)

1. the motor for vehicle, it is characterised in that including:

Clutch unit, epicyclic train, rotor, magnet steel and fix the stator being connected with this magnet steel；

Described clutch unit is fixed on the axletree of described vehicle, for described axletree and described epicyclic train it Between transmit turning moment；

Described epicyclic train is set on described axletree, it is possible to utilize the power come from the transmission of described clutch unit to drive institute State rotor to rotate, or the rotation of rotor is transferred to described clutch unit；

Described magnet steel is fixed on described rotor, jointly rotates with the central gear in described epicyclic train or stops the rotation；

It is wound around multiple coil on described stator, described coil produces when described stator rotates relative to described rotor faradism Stream；

Wherein, when described vehicle travels, described motor utilizes stator and the relative motion of rotor to produce in described coil The battery that the first faradic current is described vehicle charging；When described vehicle is by brake operation, described motor utilizes stator With the relative motion of rotor and what the second faradic current of producing in described coil and this second faradic current produced further Induced field makes described vehicle brake.

2. motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein,

Cave in towards the side, direction away from described central gear, to accommodate a part for described central gear in the bottom of described rotor.

3. motor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that wherein,

Described clutch unit includes clutch and clutch-pedal support, and the outer ring of described clutch is solid with described clutch-pedal support Surely connect or be integrally formed.

4. motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein,

Described epicyclic train includes: described central gear, planetary gear, pinion frame and ring gear；

Described planetary gear is supported by the planet axis being arranged on pinion frame, does planetary rotation around central gear；Described Pinion frame is fixed with described clutch unit, thus transmits turning moment between planetary gear and clutch unit.

5. motor as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that wherein,

Described epicyclic train includes: described central gear, planetary gear, pinion frame and ring gear；

Described planetary gear is supported by the planet axis being arranged on pinion frame, does planetary rotation around central gear；Described Pinion frame is fixed with described clutch-pedal support, thus transmits turning moment between planetary gear and clutch unit.

6. motor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that wherein,

Described central gear is fixed with described rotor or is integrally formed.

7. motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein,

Described magnet steel is set to circular, and is set in the periphery of described stator, so that described stator and described rotor phase During to motion, described coil produces faradic current.

8. motor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein,

Described stator, along its axially arranged multiple wrapping posts, this wrapping post is wound around described coil.

9. an electric system, it is characterised in that including:

Motor as described in any one of claim 1-8；And

Control unit, is used for controlling described motor and is the charging of described battery or makes described vehicle brake.