CN205836946U - A kind of non-homogeneous filled type endergonic structure of foamed aluminium - Google Patents
A kind of non-homogeneous filled type endergonic structure of foamed aluminium Download PDFInfo
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- CN205836946U CN205836946U CN201620631308.0U CN201620631308U CN205836946U CN 205836946 U CN205836946 U CN 205836946U CN 201620631308 U CN201620631308 U CN 201620631308U CN 205836946 U CN205836946 U CN 205836946U
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NGONBPOYDYSZDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ar].[W] Chemical compound [Ar].[W] NGONBPOYDYSZDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种泡沫铝非均一填充式吸能结构，包括前纵梁和车架，在前纵梁与车架之间设置吸能结构，吸能结构由推动板和固定板拼接而成的内部呈框架结构的条形吸能杆。固定板为条形结构，其两端向内弯折，形成对称的两个外侧板，在两个外侧板之间间隔设有多个吸能竖板，仅在吸能竖板与吸能竖板之间设置吸能横板，该吸能竖板和吸能横板构成吸能框架主体；仅在与两个外侧板相邻的吸能竖板之间的空格内填充泡沫铝。本吸能结构在电动汽车发生同等正碰条件时，可以同时实现提高整车以及电池组的碰撞安全性、抗冲击性以及车身轻量化的问题，并兼具提升行驶舒适性。
The utility model discloses an energy-absorbing structure with non-uniform filling of foamed aluminum, which comprises a front longitudinal beam and a vehicle frame, and an energy-absorbing structure is arranged between the front longitudinal beam and the vehicle frame. The bar-shaped energy-absorbing rod with a frame structure inside is formed. The fixed plate is a bar-shaped structure, and its two ends are bent inward to form two symmetrical outer plates, and a plurality of energy-absorbing vertical plates are arranged at intervals between the two outer plates. An energy-absorbing horizontal plate is arranged between the plates, and the energy-absorbing vertical plate and the energy-absorbing horizontal plate form the main body of the energy-absorbing frame; only the space between the energy-absorbing vertical plates adjacent to the two outer plates is filled with foamed aluminum. The energy-absorbing structure can improve the collision safety, impact resistance and weight reduction of the vehicle and the battery pack at the same time when the electric vehicle has the same frontal collision conditions, and can also improve driving comfort.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及电动汽车的前纵梁与车架之间的吸能部件，尤其涉及一种泡沫铝非均一填充式吸能结构。The utility model relates to an energy-absorbing component between a front longitudinal beam and a vehicle frame of an electric vehicle, in particular to an energy-absorbing structure with non-uniform filling of foamed aluminum.
背景技术Background technique
随着环境污染的日益严重，电动汽车因为零排放和无污染等优势得到了广泛的推广和使用，并成为目前新能源汽车发展的主流方向之一。由于电动汽车数量的逐渐增加和交通事故所带来的巨大损失，电动汽车碰撞安全性成为人们关注的焦点。由于正面碰撞发生的概率要远高于其他碰撞形式所发生的概率，而且正面碰撞给驾乘人员带来的伤害和对汽车的损害都是最大的，因此提高汽车的正面碰撞安全性尤为重要。电动汽车在能量储存方式、驱动形式和整车布局等方面与传统的燃油车存在着较大差异，同时由于电动汽车的质量较大、质心偏低以及电池和高压电的作用，所以电动汽车的碰撞安全性具有特殊性。With the increasingly serious environmental pollution, electric vehicles have been widely promoted and used due to their advantages of zero emission and no pollution, and have become one of the mainstream directions for the development of new energy vehicles. Due to the gradual increase in the number of electric vehicles and the huge losses caused by traffic accidents, the safety of electric vehicle collisions has become the focus of attention. Because the probability of frontal collision is much higher than that of other collision forms, and the damage to the driver and the car caused by the frontal collision is the largest, so it is particularly important to improve the safety of the frontal collision of the car. Electric vehicles are quite different from traditional fuel vehicles in terms of energy storage methods, driving forms, and vehicle layout. The crash safety of the car is special.
目前提高汽车正碰安全性主要是通过提高吸能盒、前纵梁以及保险杠的性能来实现，一般通过优化其形状或者在其内部设置局部加强结构的方式来实现。由于在相同碰撞条件下,同一等级的电动汽车较传统燃油车的碰撞可能更为剧烈，所以电动汽车对前端碰撞吸能装置的要求更为严格。但是目前的设计车架前端吸收的能量有限，部分冲击力会传到后部，可能对电池包产生一定的撞击。电池受到撞击时可能会造成壳体变形，电池内部压力升高，容积减小，继而发生爆炸，或者电解液可能从裂缝或壳体和盖之间的缝隙溅出等危险情况，所以不能满足碰撞安全性的设计要求。At present, improving the frontal collision safety of automobiles is mainly achieved by improving the performance of crash boxes, front longitudinal beams and bumpers, generally by optimizing their shapes or setting local reinforcement structures inside them. Under the same collision conditions, electric vehicles of the same level may have more severe collisions than traditional fuel vehicles, so electric vehicles have stricter requirements for front-end collision energy-absorbing devices. However, the energy absorbed by the front end of the current design frame is limited, and part of the impact force will be transmitted to the rear, which may cause a certain impact on the battery pack. When the battery is impacted, the shell may be deformed, the internal pressure of the battery will increase, the volume will decrease, and then an explosion will occur, or the electrolyte may splash out from the crack or the gap between the shell and the cover, etc., so it cannot meet the requirements of collision. Security design requirements.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点和不足，提供一种结构简单、吸能性能好、重量轻的泡沫铝非均一填充式吸能结构。The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide an energy-absorbing structure with simple structure, good energy-absorbing performance and light weight, which is non-uniformly filled with foamed aluminum.
本实用新型通过下述技术方案实现：The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种泡沫铝非均一填充式吸能结构，包括前纵梁1和车架8，在前纵梁1与车架8之间设置吸能结构，所述吸能结构由推动板2和固定板4拼接而成的内部呈框架结构的条形吸能杆。An energy-absorbing structure with non-uniform filling of foamed aluminum, including a front longitudinal beam 1 and a vehicle frame 8, an energy-absorbing structure is arranged between the front longitudinal beam 1 and the vehicle frame 8, and the energy-absorbing structure is composed of a push plate 2 and a fixed plate 4 spliced bar-shaped energy-absorbing rods with a frame structure inside.
所述推动板2的横截面形状为U型结构槽；所述固定板4为条形结构，其两端向内弯折，形成对称的两个外侧板42，在两个外侧板42之间间隔设有多个吸能竖板41，仅在吸能竖板41与吸能竖板41之间设置吸能横板5，该吸能竖板41和吸能横板5构成吸能框架主体；仅在与两个外侧板42相邻的吸能竖板41之间的空格内填充泡沫铝7。The cross-sectional shape of the push plate 2 is a U-shaped structural groove; the fixed plate 4 is a bar-shaped structure, and its two ends are bent inward to form two symmetrical outer plates 42, and between the two outer plates 42 A plurality of energy-absorbing vertical plates 41 are arranged at intervals, and an energy-absorbing horizontal plate 5 is only arranged between the energy-absorbing vertical plates 41 and the energy-absorbing vertical plates 41. The energy-absorbing vertical plates 41 and the energy-absorbing horizontal plates 5 constitute the main body of the energy-absorbing frame ; Only fill the space between the energy-absorbing risers 41 adjacent to the two outer panels 42 with aluminum foam 7 .
所述吸能竖板41与固定板4内侧面连接角的外缘，设有自锁扣6；在推动板2的上下侧板的内侧，分别设有与自锁扣6形状、位置相应的凸起3；当推动板2与吸能框架主体扣合时，自锁扣6与凸起3之间彼此卡扣嵌合在一起，进而将推动板2和固定板4固定拼接在一起，形成条形吸能杆。The outer edge of the connection angle between the energy-absorbing vertical plate 41 and the inner side of the fixed plate 4 is provided with a self-locking buckle 6; on the inner side of the upper and lower side plates of the push plate 2, there are respectively provided with self-locking buckle 6 corresponding to the shape and position. Protrusion 3; when the push plate 2 is fastened with the main body of the energy-absorbing frame, the self-locking buckle 6 and the protrusion 3 are snapped and fitted together, and then the push plate 2 and the fixed plate 4 are fixedly spliced together to form Bar-shaped energy-absorbing rod.
所述前纵梁1为曲线形状，两侧设置有溃缩引导槽11。The front longitudinal beam 1 has a curved shape, and crush guide grooves 11 are arranged on both sides.
所述吸能横板5上开设有多个吸缓冲孔51。The energy-absorbing horizontal plate 5 is provided with a plurality of absorbing buffer holes 51 .
所述前纵梁1的末端，分别连接在条形吸能杆的两个端部的外侧端面；车架8的前端分别连接在条形吸能杆的两个端部的内侧端面。The ends of the front longitudinal beam 1 are respectively connected to the outer end faces of the two ends of the bar-shaped energy-absorbing rod; the front ends of the vehicle frame 8 are respectively connected to the inner end faces of the two ends of the bar-shaped energy-absorbing rod.
所述固定板4、吸能竖板41和吸能横板5为铝合金，且它们之间的连接为焊接。The fixed plate 4, the energy-absorbing vertical plate 41 and the energy-absorbing horizontal plate 5 are made of aluminum alloy, and the connection between them is welding.
所述焊接采用搅拌摩擦焊、钨极氩弧焊或者熔化极氩弧焊。The welding adopts friction stir welding, argon tungsten arc welding or argon metal arc welding.
所述泡沫铝7为六面体结构。The aluminum foam 7 has a hexahedral structure.
所述前纵梁1和车架8为空心结构，其材质为铝合金。The front longitudinal beam 1 and vehicle frame 8 are hollow structures, and their material is aluminum alloy.
本实用新型相对于现有技术，具有如下的优点及效果：Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and effects:
本实用新型根据碰撞时力的传递路径，通过由推动板和固定板拼接而成的内部呈框架结构的条形吸能杆，可以实现在力的传递方向上吸能最佳，在提高电动汽车的碰撞安全性的同时，也充分考虑了电动汽车轻量化的问题。According to the force transmission path during the collision, the utility model can realize the best energy absorption in the direction of force transmission through the strip-shaped energy-absorbing rod with a frame structure spliced by the push plate and the fixed plate. While improving the collision safety, the issue of lightweight electric vehicles is also fully considered.
本实用新型吸能结构在汽车的碰撞时，通过变形充分的吸收碰撞过程中的能量，有效降低碰撞时车辆受到的最大冲击力，避免电池箱受到过大的冲击，同时降低了驾乘人员受伤害的程度。The energy-absorbing structure of the utility model fully absorbs the energy in the collision process through deformation during the collision of the automobile, effectively reduces the maximum impact force on the vehicle during the collision, avoids excessive impact on the battery box, and reduces the impact on the driver and passengers at the same time. the extent of the injury.
本实用新型推动板的横截面形状为U型结构槽；固定板为条形结构，其两端向内弯折，形成对称的两个外侧板，在两个外侧板之间间隔设有多个吸能竖板，仅在吸能竖板与吸能竖板之间设置吸能横板，该吸能竖板和吸能横板5构成吸能框架主体。这种结构，在发生正面偏置碰撞，碰撞一侧变形过大时，可以通过拉伸另一侧的吸能竖板、吸能横板及缓冲孔等变形，来减小碰撞侧和未碰撞侧间的变形大小。The cross-sectional shape of the push plate of the utility model is a U-shaped structural groove; the fixed plate is a bar-shaped structure, and its two ends are bent inward to form two symmetrical outer plates, and multiple outer plates are arranged at intervals between the two outer plates. As for the energy-absorbing vertical plate, only an energy-absorbing horizontal plate is arranged between the energy-absorbing vertical plate and the energy-absorbing vertical plate, and the energy-absorbing vertical plate and the energy-absorbing horizontal plate 5 constitute the main body of the energy-absorbing frame. With this structure, when a frontal offset collision occurs and the deformation on one side of the collision is too large, the deformation of the energy-absorbing vertical plate, energy-absorbing horizontal plate and buffer hole on the other side can be stretched to reduce the impact on the collision side and the non-collision side. The size of the deformation between the sides.
本实用新型吸能结构的固定板和推动板通过自锁固定连接后再进行焊接，分开制造有利于提高其精度，同时解决了焊接时板件的移动所导致的一系列问题，有效提高了焊接质量。The fixed plate and the push plate of the energy-absorbing structure of the utility model are welded after being fixedly connected by self-locking, and the separate manufacturing is conducive to improving its precision. At the same time, it solves a series of problems caused by the movement of the plate during welding, and effectively improves welding quality.
本实用新型的吸能结构是由铝合金以及泡沫铝材料制造，铝合金的密度只有钢材的1/3，比强度约为钢的2～3倍，比刚度为钢的7倍；泡沫铝的密度仅约为铝密度的1/10，比刚度也明显高于钢，并且铝合金具有良好的加工性能和铸造工艺性能，能够实现电动汽车车架结构等强度、等刚度下的轻量化设计。The energy-absorbing structure of the utility model is made of aluminum alloy and foamed aluminum material, the density of the aluminum alloy is only 1/3 of steel, the specific strength is about 2 to 3 times that of steel, and the specific stiffness is 7 times that of steel; The density is only about 1/10 of the density of aluminum, and the specific stiffness is significantly higher than that of steel, and the aluminum alloy has good processing performance and casting process performance, which can realize the lightweight design of the electric vehicle frame structure under the same strength and stiffness.
本实用新型中的主要连接方式均为焊接，铝合金板件均采用液压成型方式成型，相比冲压成型大大提高了零件表面质量及尺寸精度，解决了结构板件成型困难、变形回弹的问题。The main connection method in the utility model is welding, and the aluminum alloy plates are all formed by hydraulic forming, which greatly improves the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the parts compared with stamping forming, and solves the problems of difficult forming of structural plates and deformation springback .
本实用新型的泡沫铝结构还兼具良好的吸噪性、散热性，能衰减路面传递过来噪声，吸收车身振动，增强车身散热能力，提升车辆行驶舒适性。The aluminum foam structure of the utility model also has good noise absorption and heat dissipation properties, can attenuate the noise transmitted from the road surface, absorb the vibration of the vehicle body, enhance the heat dissipation capacity of the vehicle body, and improve the driving comfort of the vehicle.
本实用新型前纵梁采用符合实际情况的曲线形状，可以通过拓扑优化设计，得到最优化的形状，使得质量在尽可能小的情况下达到性能要求。The front longitudinal beam of the utility model adopts a curved shape conforming to the actual situation, and can obtain an optimized shape through topology optimization design, so that the mass can meet the performance requirement while the mass is as small as possible.
本实用新型中前纵梁上的溃缩引导槽沿车身方向，设计可采用拓扑优化技术，根据其最优化的形状和尺寸计算结果来设计，使其达到最佳吸能情况的结果。The collapse guide groove on the front longitudinal beam of the utility model can be designed along the direction of the vehicle body by using topology optimization technology, and can be designed according to the calculation results of its optimized shape and size, so as to achieve the best energy-absorbing results.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型装配前的全局示意图。Fig. 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the utility model before assembly.
图2是本实用新型装配后的整体示意图。Fig. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of the utility model after assembly.
图3是本实用新型前纵梁1以及溃缩引导槽11的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the front longitudinal beam 1 and the collapse guide groove 11 of the present invention.
图4是本实用新型推动板2和固定板4的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the pushing plate 2 and the fixing plate 4 of the present invention.
图5是本实用新型固定板4内侧端面的示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the inner end surface of the fixing plate 4 of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例对本实用新型作进一步具体详细描述。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the utility model is described in further detail.
实施例Example
如图1至5所示。本实用新型公开了一种泡沫铝非均一填充式吸能结构，包括前纵梁1和车架8，在前纵梁1与车架8之间设置吸能结构，所述吸能结构由推动板2和固定板4拼接而成的内部呈框架结构的条形吸能杆。As shown in Figures 1 to 5. The utility model discloses an energy-absorbing structure with non-uniform filling of foamed aluminum, which comprises a front longitudinal beam 1 and a vehicle frame 8, an energy-absorbing structure is arranged between the front longitudinal beam 1 and the vehicle frame 8, and the energy-absorbing structure is driven by The board 2 and the fixed board 4 are spliced to form a bar-shaped energy-absorbing rod with a frame structure inside.
所述推动板2的横截面形状为U型结构槽；所述固定板4为条形结构，其两端向内弯折，形成对称的两个外侧板42，在两个外侧板42之间间隔设有多个吸能竖板41，仅在吸能竖板41与吸能竖板41之间设置吸能横板5，该吸能竖板41和吸能横板5构成吸能框架主体；仅在与两个外侧板42相邻的吸能竖板41之间的空格内填充泡沫铝7。所述吸能横板5上开设有多个吸缓冲孔51。采用这种结构，当汽车发生正面偏置碰撞时，一侧的变形较大时，吸能横板5可以通过对另一侧吸能竖板41的拉伸和中间缓冲孔51的变形来减小碰撞侧和未碰撞侧间的变形差距。The cross-sectional shape of the push plate 2 is a U-shaped structural groove; the fixed plate 4 is a bar-shaped structure, and its two ends are bent inward to form two symmetrical outer plates 42, and between the two outer plates 42 A plurality of energy-absorbing vertical plates 41 are arranged at intervals, and an energy-absorbing horizontal plate 5 is only arranged between the energy-absorbing vertical plates 41 and the energy-absorbing vertical plates 41. The energy-absorbing vertical plates 41 and the energy-absorbing horizontal plates 5 constitute the main body of the energy-absorbing frame ; Only fill the space between the energy-absorbing risers 41 adjacent to the two outer panels 42 with aluminum foam 7 . The energy-absorbing horizontal plate 5 is provided with a plurality of absorbing buffer holes 51 . With this structure, when the vehicle has a frontal offset collision, when the deformation on one side is large, the energy-absorbing horizontal plate 5 can reduce the deformation of the energy-absorbing vertical plate 51 by stretching the energy-absorbing vertical plate 41 on the other side and deforming the buffer hole 51 in the middle. The deformation gap between the small impact side and the non-impact side.
所述吸能竖板41与固定板4内侧面连接角的外缘，设有自锁扣6；在推动板2的上下侧板的内侧，分别设有与自锁扣6形状、位置相应的凸起3；当推动板2与吸能框架主体扣合时，自锁扣6与凸起3之间彼此卡扣嵌合在一起，进而将推动板2和固定板4固定拼接在一起，形成自锁功能的条形吸能杆。这种自锁功能，有利于推动板2和固定板4两者位置的固定，为加强两者的连接强度在对其接缝进行焊接。The outer edge of the connection angle between the energy-absorbing vertical plate 41 and the inner side of the fixed plate 4 is provided with a self-locking buckle 6; on the inner side of the upper and lower side plates of the push plate 2, there are respectively provided with self-locking buckle 6 corresponding to the shape and position. Protrusion 3; when the push plate 2 is fastened with the main body of the energy-absorbing frame, the self-locking buckle 6 and the protrusion 3 are snapped and fitted together, and then the push plate 2 and the fixed plate 4 are fixedly spliced together to form Bar-shaped energy-absorbing rod with self-locking function. This self-locking function is conducive to the fixing of the positions of the pushing plate 2 and the fixing plate 4, and the seams are welded to strengthen the connection strength of the two.
所述前纵梁1为曲线形状，两侧设置有溃缩引导槽11。通过优化设计来确定最佳的形状尺寸，发生碰撞时溃缩变形可以充分的吸收碰撞过程中的能量，有效降低碰撞时车辆受到的最大冲击力，避免电池箱受到过大的冲击，同时降低了驾乘人员受伤害的程度。The front longitudinal beam 1 has a curved shape, and crush guide grooves 11 are arranged on both sides. By optimizing the design to determine the best shape and size, the collapse and deformation in the event of a collision can fully absorb the energy during the collision, effectively reducing the maximum impact force on the vehicle during the collision, avoiding excessive impact on the battery box, and reducing the impact on the vehicle. The degree of injury to the occupants.
所述前纵梁1的末端，分别连接在条形吸能杆的两个端部的外侧端面；车架8的前端分别连接在条形吸能杆的两个端部的内侧端面。The ends of the front longitudinal beam 1 are respectively connected to the outer end faces of the two ends of the bar-shaped energy-absorbing rod; the front ends of the vehicle frame 8 are respectively connected to the inner end faces of the two ends of the bar-shaped energy-absorbing rod.
所述固定板4、吸能竖板41和吸能横板5为铝合金，且它们之间的连接为焊接。The fixed plate 4, the energy-absorbing vertical plate 41 and the energy-absorbing horizontal plate 5 are made of aluminum alloy, and the connection between them is welding.
所述焊接采用搅拌摩擦焊、钨极氩弧焊或者熔化极氩弧焊。The welding adopts friction stir welding, argon tungsten arc welding or argon metal arc welding.
所述泡沫铝7为六面体结构。The aluminum foam 7 has a hexahedral structure.
所述前纵梁1和车架8为空心结构，其材质为铝合金。The front longitudinal beam 1 and vehicle frame 8 are hollow structures, and their material is aluminum alloy.
如上所述，便可较好地实现本实用新型。As mentioned above, the utility model can be better realized.
本实用新型的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他任何未背离本实用新型的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The implementation of the present utility model is not limited by the above-mentioned examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be equivalent replacement methods. Included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
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