CN205814401U - One can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt - Google Patents
One can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205814401U CN205814401U CN201620467752.3U CN201620467752U CN205814401U CN 205814401 U CN205814401 U CN 205814401U CN 201620467752 U CN201620467752 U CN 201620467752U CN 205814401 U CN205814401 U CN 205814401U
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- nail body
- perfusion
- nail
- hollow structure
- cylinder
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Abstract
The utility model discloses one can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, there is the nail body of hollow structure including inside, it is positioned at nail body end integrated cross bar fixed structure, the perfusion cylinder that one end is connected with nail body one end, the push rod matched with perfusion cylinder, external screw thread it is provided with nail, the bleed opening connected with hollow structure it is provided with nail, perfusion cylinder is a through-hole structure, it is connected one end with nail body and is provided with and follows closely the attachment structure that body end hollow wall mates, the other end is provided with inlet, the passage connecting hollow structure and bleed opening is a ramp way tilted towards nail tip direction.This utility model can make the PMMA in sticky stage be smoothly through ramp way to ooze out from bleed opening, both the great risk brought of PMMA seepage had been reduced, greatly strengthen again the fixing strength and stability of screw, it is difficult to occur screw loosening, the phenomenon such as extracts, be simultaneously applicable to osteoporosis crowd.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to a kind of surgical instruments, be specifically related to a kind of use in pedicle screw implant surgery can
The screw of the inserts such as perfusion bone cement.
Background technology
In spinal surgery, use the Internal fixation technology history of existing more than 50 year of pedicle screw, solid in spinal column
Fixed Main Function is that the power sections of stable spinal column is to promote that it merges.According to " three posts theoretical ", before spinal column can be divided into, in,
Rear three posts, and pedicle of vertebral arch is through and connects unique passage of three posts, fixing in pedicle have optimal mechanical stability.
The implant surgery of pedicle screw in the past, in simple terms, prepares including nail road and pedicle screw fixes two procedures.Clinical for many years
Show, even if with correct position and direction pedicle screw, still there will be screw loosening, the phenomenon such as extract, the most senile
With secondary osteoporosis patient, occurring that the ratio of this kind of situation is higher, this is owing to the bond strength of screw-bone interface is inadequate
Caused, will cause when above-mentioned situation occurs fixing unsuccessfully, often need second operation, this will again to patient bring mentally with
Sensual misery.
Fixing intensity to increase screw, commonly used in prior art is the side irrigating bone cement in hollow screw
Method.The most the most frequently used bone cement is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), is a kind of inorganic polymer Bone Defect Repari material
Material, is mainly polymerized by polymethyl methacrylate and monomeric acrylic formicester, belongs to traditional bone alternate material.It was polymerized
Journey be one by liquid to the process of solid state transformation, be roughly divided into four phases, including (1) thin stage (pasty state phase): powder liquid
Mix well rapidly, in thin aqueous in starting 30~50s;(2) sticky stage (the wire drawing phase): after powder liquid mixing 50s, PMMA starts
Become sticky, in paste to dough bulk, last about 3min, the most existing can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt need in this stage 15~
Rapidly PMMA is injected in vertebral body in 25min, otherwise, then be difficult to inject in vertebral body PMMA;(3) hardening phase (the bulk phase):
After about 5~7min PMMA hardening fix, press indeformable;(4) heat production stage (hardening period): during 7~12min polymerization, heat production is the highest
Up to 70 DEG C, now tissue may have certain burning.
Existing experience have shown that, through the bone cement of perfusion cervical pedicle bolt perfusion having the wind of seepage in Intrapyramidal disperse
Danger, as disperse enters canalis spinalis, causes paralysis, or with venous return to cardiopulmonary, causes the calamitous complication such as sudden death.Thin bone water
Mud easily irrigates, but easily seepage, sticky bone cement is then not easy seepage.In clinical practice, bone cement is the most sticky, then ooze
Leakage probability is the least, the safest.
Owing to bone cement hardening has different polymerization periods, in different polymerization periods, power transfer mode during perfusion is
Different.When bone cement is thin be similar to liquid time, the power transfer mode of cement injection is pressure transmission, i.e. perfusion time apply
Thrust is delivered to bleeding holes by the transmission of liquid, and pasty state cement just can be oozed out by general thrust by side opening;And when bone water
Mud is sticky, and when being similar to solid, the power transfer mode of cement injection is straight line transmission, and the direction along perfusion power is delivered to far
End, i.e. the hollow space far-end of screw, rather than our required oozing out to side bleeding holes, ooze out to bleeding holes direction, side
Condition be only limited to when thrust is sufficiently large, straight line resistance is sufficiently large formed nip pressure make the outside disperse of cement.
In the prior art, can the design structure of perfusion cervical pedicle bolt be: the duct of side bleeding holes is and hollow
Structure is 90 ° of right angles, can there is following multiple problem: 1, due to the backflow of PMMA self generation, the bleeding holes meeting of this class formation
Causing PMMA to reflux rearward, first steadiness is poor easily extracts, and secondly closer canalis spinalis, easily causes risk;2, this type of knot
Structure resistance is excessive, and the most sticky bone cement is difficult to free-hand extrusion side bleeding holes.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide one can safely and effectively be increased pedicle screw and fix intensity, is suitable for again simultaneously
In suffering from the pedicle screw that osteoporosis crowd uses.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is: one can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, including in
Portion has the nail body of hollow structure, is positioned at described nail body end integrated cross bar fixed structure, one end and described nail body one
What end connected irrigates the push rod that cylinder matches with described perfusion cylinder, is provided with external screw thread with described nail, arranges with described nail
Having the bleed opening connected with described hollow structure, described perfusion cylinder is a through-hole structure, and it is connected one end and arranges with described nail body
Having the attachment structure mated with described nail body end hollow wall, the other end is provided with inlet, connects described hollow structure and institute
The passage stating bleed opening is a ramp way tilted towards nail tip direction, and described bleed opening is distributed in described nail body front end 1/3
In region, the diameter of described ramp way increases along described nail body successively toward nail tip direction.
Above-mentioned " cross bar fixed structure " is the attachment structure between screw and the fixed transverse rod implanting both sides pedicle of vertebral arch, and this is solid
Fixed structure can be the attachment structures such as " u "-shaped connection or bolt and nut connection.
Described ramp way is beeline channel, and described ramp way is less than or equal to 45 ° with the angle of described nail body axis.
Described ramp way is curved channel, and the longest string of described ramp way is less than or equal to the angle of nail body axis
45°。
Preferably technical scheme, described bleed opening is at least provided with a pair and is distributed in nail body both sides.
Technical scheme further, described bleed opening is positioned between each adjacent two screw threads of external screw thread.The opening knot of this mode
Structure, does not affect the external thread structure of nail body itself.
Being provided with opening at described nail tip, described opening connects with described hollow structure.
In technique scheme, the inwall of described hollow structure is arranged with the outside wall parallel of nail body.At present, general screw is pressed
Nail body is different from male screw thread shape, can be divided into: outer cone screw, inner cone screw and roller screw etc., therefore, and the outer wall shape of nail body
Shape is the most just divided into cylindrical and cone two kinds, and the hollow structure in nail body is different according to the outer wall shape of nail body, also can be divided into
Cylinder and cone two kinds.
Preferably technical scheme, described hollow structure is coniform.Due to cone shape hollow structure be beneficial to bone cement it
Class inject outwards oozing out of thing, therefore, no matter following closely body outer wall is which kind of shape, and in it, hollow structure is all selected coniform.
In technique scheme, described perfusion cylinder with nail body attachment structure be, nail body end hollow wall be provided with
The female thread of perfusion cylinder one end fits, perfusion cylinder is constituted with nail body threadeds.
Another technical scheme, described perfusion cylinder with the attachment structure of nail body is, the hollow wall of nail body end is provided with a card
Button, the diameter of described buckle mates with the external diameter of described perfusion cylinder.
Operation principle of the present utility model:
After plant pedicle screw, perfusion cylinder is fixed, then at self seeding mouth repeatedly with nail body by attachment structure
Pour into the PMMA in a certain amount of sticky stage, and promote in perfusion cylinder at inlet with push rod every time, by PMMA press-in nail
In hollow structure in body, under the PMMA of constantly press-in extrudes mutually, the PMMA in hollow structure oozes out certainly along ramp way
Filling in nail space, Shen Waiding road at Kou so that the PMMA in nail body forms an integrated connection with the PMMA in nail road, from
And greatly strengthen the fixing strength and stability of screw.
Owing to technique scheme is used, this utility model compared with prior art has the advantage that
1. the employing of the nail body in this utility model hollow structure, and the ramp way being connected with hollow structure and nail body axis
The angle of line is less than or equal to 45 °, the PMMA in sticky stage can be made to be smoothly through ramp way and ooze out from bleed opening, both reduce
The great risk brought of PMMA seepage, makes again the PMMA following closely in body form a globality with the PMMA in nail road and is connected,
Greatly strengthen the fixing strength and stability of screw, be difficult to occur screw loosening, the phenomenon such as extract, be simultaneously applicable to sclerotin
Osteoporosis crowd;
2. the employing of the nail body in this utility model hollow structure, and the ramp way being connected with hollow structure and nail body axis
The angle of line is less than or equal to 45 °, when PMMA stickiness one timing, relative to the pedicle screw of common vertical channel, this reality
Little by novel required push rod thrust, safer and more effective;
3. the employing of the nail body in this utility model hollow structure, and the ramp way being connected with hollow structure and nail body axis
The angle of line is less than or equal to 45 °, is more conducive to the disperse of PMMA, significantly enhances the fixing strength and stability of screw, no
Screw loosening easily occurs, the phenomenon such as extracts, be simultaneously applicable to osteoporosis crowd;
4. this utility model and the ramp way being connected with hollow structure and the angle following closely body axis are less than or equal to 45 °,
PMMA, when bleed opening oozes out, can form tree root shape, thus enhance the fixing strength and stability of screw, be allowed to be difficult to pull out
Go out;
5. this utility model and the ramp way being connected with hollow structure and the angle following closely body axis are less than or equal to 45 °,
PMMA is when bleed opening oozes out, and the backflow of PMMA is forward, is in the center of vertebral body, and from canalis spinalis and nervous tissue farther out,
Not only increase the fixing strength and stability of screw, and improve the safety of screw;
The aperture of ramp way the most of the present utility model incrementally increases back to front so that PMMA oozes out at each bleed opening
Time state uniform, the fixing strength and stability of screw can be strengthened.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this utility model embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation irrigating cylinder of this utility model embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the partial sectional view one of this utility model embodiment one;
Fig. 4 is the partial sectional view two of this utility model embodiment one;
Fig. 5 is the partial sectional view of this utility model embodiment two;
Fig. 6 is the partial sectional view of this utility model embodiment three;
Fig. 7 is the partial sectional view of this utility model embodiment four;
Fig. 8 is this utility model and prior art screw Contrast on effect schematic diagram.
Wherein: 1, nail body;2, cross bar fixed structure;3, perfusion cylinder;4, external screw thread;5, bleed opening;6, attachment structure;7, note
Entrance;8, ramp way;9, hollow structure;10, nail tip;11, the pedicle screw of prior art;12, can perfusion cervical pedicle spiral shell
Nail.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this utility model is further described by embodiment:
Embodiment one:
As Figure 1-4, one can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, there is the nail body 1 of hollow structure 9 including inside, be positioned at nail
The perfusion cylinder 3 that body 1 end integrated cross bar fixed structure 2, one end are connected with nail body 1 one end matches with perfusion cylinder 3
Push rod, nail body 1 is provided with external screw thread 4, and nail body 1 is provided with the bleed opening 5 connect with hollow structure 9, and perfusion cylinder 3 is one logical
Pore structure, it is connected one end and is provided with nail body 1 and follows closely the attachment structure 6 that body 1 end hollow wall mates, and the other end is provided with note
Entrance 7, the passage connecting hollow structure 9 and bleed opening 5 is a ramp way 8 tilted towards nail tip 10 direction, bleed opening 5 points
Cloth is in nail region, body 1 front end 1/3 (in the range of the 16mm of distance nail tip 10), and the diameter of ramp way 8 is along described nail body 1 toward nail
Point 10 directions increase successively.
Nail body 1 total length is 60mm, and external diameter is 6mm, a length of 20mm of cross bar fixed structure 2, external screw thread 4 a length of
33mm, a diameter of 3mm of hollow structure 9.
Cross bar fixed structure 2 can be " u "-shaped attachment structure 6.
Ramp way 8 is beeline channel, and ramp way 8 is 45 ° with the angle of nail body 1 axis.
In the present embodiment, bleed opening 5 be provided with three to six and be distributed in nail body 1 surrounding and bleed opening 5 be positioned at external screw thread 4
Between each adjacent two screw threads.The ramp way 8 of six bleed opening 5 correspondences is divided into three groups by diameter, and diameter is respectively
1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, one of which is vertically arranged with other two groups.
Being provided with opening at nail tip 10, opening connects with hollow structure 9.A diameter of 2mm of opening.
Described screw is roller screw, and the inwall of hollow structure 9 is arranged with the outside wall parallel of nail body 1, is also cylindrical.
Perfusion cylinder 3 with the attachment structure 6 of nail body 1 is, the hollow wall of nail body 1 end is provided with and irrigates cylinder 3 one end fits
Female thread, perfusion cylinder 3 constitutes threadeds with following closely body 1.
As shown in Figure 8, in order to the effect of the present embodiment is described, by the present embodiment can the inclination of perfusion cervical pedicle bolt 12
Passage 8 changes the bleeding holes vertical with following closely body into, forms the pedicle screw 11 of prior art.
Above-mentioned two screws are squeezed in vertebral body, position mirror image each other simultaneously, be injected simultaneously into PMMA.
During injecting PMMA, the resistance suffered by the pedicle screw of prior art is bigger.
After having noted PMMA, detect the PMMA disperse figure that two screws ooze out respectively, find the pedicle of vertebral arch of prior art
The PMMA disperse of screw 11 refluxes rearward, is mostly in the rear of vertebral body, bleed opening nearside, and intensity is low, easily extracts, and phase
To near vertebral foramen, easily leak into the danger of canalis spinalis;Of the present utility model can the PMMA of perfusion cervical pedicle bolt 12 according to bone
The disperse of cement exit direction, is concentrated mainly on bleed opening far-end, is positioned at screw far-end and vertebral body center, and it is equal to ooze out track
Even and in tree root shape, intensity greatly, be not drawn out easily, and from canalis spinalis position farther out, it is not easy to leak into the danger of canalis spinalis.
Embodiment two:
As it is shown in figure 5, one can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, including inside have hollow structure 9 nail body 1, be positioned at nail body 1
The perfusion cylinder 3 that end integrated cross bar fixed structure 2, one end are connected with nail body 1 one end and pushing away that perfusion cylinder 3 matches
Bar, nail body 1 is provided with external screw thread 4, and nail body 1 is provided with the bleed opening 5 connected with hollow structure 9, and perfusion cylinder 3 is a through hole
Structure, it is connected one end and is provided with nail body 1 and follows closely the attachment structure 6 that body 1 end hollow wall mates, and the other end is provided with injection
Mouth 7, the passage connecting hollow structure 9 and bleed opening 5 is a ramp way 8 tilted towards nail tip 10 direction, and bleed opening 5 is distributed
In nail region, body 1 front end 1/3, the diameter of ramp way 8 increases along described nail body 1 successively toward nail tip 10 direction.
Cross bar fixed structure 2 can be bolt-nut connecting structure 6.
Ramp way 8 is beeline channel, and ramp way 8 is 30 ° with the angle of nail body 1 axis.
In the present embodiment, bleed opening 5 be provided with six and be symmetrically distributed in nail body 1 both sides and bleed opening 5 be positioned at external screw thread 4
Between each adjacent two screw threads.
Being provided with opening at nail tip 10, opening connects with hollow structure 9.
Described screw is outer cone screw, and the inwall of hollow structure 9 is arranged, for cone with the outside wall parallel of nail body 1.
Perfusion cylinder 3 with the attachment structure 6 of nail body 1 is, the hollow wall of nail body 1 end is provided with a buckle, described buckle
Diameter mates with the external diameter of described perfusion cylinder 3.
Embodiment three:
As shown in Figure 6, one can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, including inside have hollow structure 9 nail body 1, be positioned at nail body 1
The perfusion cylinder 3 that end integrated cross bar fixed structure 2, one end are connected with nail body 1 one end and pushing away that perfusion cylinder 3 matches
Bar, nail body 1 is provided with external screw thread 4, and nail body 1 is provided with the bleed opening 5 connected with hollow structure 9, and perfusion cylinder 3 is a through hole
Structure, it is connected one end and is provided with nail body 1 and follows closely the attachment structure 6 that body 1 end hollow wall mates, and the other end is provided with injection
Mouth 7, the passage connecting hollow structure 9 and bleed opening 5 is a ramp way 8 tilted towards nail tip 10 direction, and bleed opening 5 is distributed
In nail region, body 1 front end 1/3, the diameter of ramp way 8 increases along described nail body 1 successively toward nail tip 10 direction.
Cross bar fixed structure 2 can be " u "-shaped attachment structure 6.
Described ramp way 8 is curved channel, and string and the angle of nail body 1 axis that ramp way 8 is the longest are 45 °.
In the present embodiment, bleed opening 5 is at least provided with six and is symmetrically distributed in nail body 1 both sides and outside bleed opening 5 is positioned at
Between each adjacent two screw threads of screw thread 4.
The ramp way 8 of six bleed opening 5 correspondences is divided into three groups by diameter.
Being provided with opening at nail tip 10, opening connects with hollow structure 9.
Described screw is roller screw, and hollow structure 9 is cone.
Perfusion cylinder 3 with the attachment structure 6 of nail body 1 is, the hollow wall of nail body 1 end is provided with and irrigates cylinder 3 one end fits
Female thread, perfusion cylinder 3 constitutes threadeds with following closely body 1.
Embodiment four:
As it is shown in fig. 7, one can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, including inside have hollow structure 9 nail body 1, be positioned at nail body 1
The perfusion cylinder 3 that end integrated cross bar fixed structure 2, one end are connected with nail body 1 one end and pushing away that perfusion cylinder 3 matches
Bar, nail body 1 is provided with external screw thread 4, and nail body 1 is provided with the bleed opening 5 connected with hollow structure 9, and perfusion cylinder 3 is a through hole
Structure, it is connected one end and is provided with nail body 1 and follows closely the attachment structure 6 that body 1 end hollow wall mates, and the other end is provided with injection
Mouth 7, the passage connecting hollow structure 9 and bleed opening 5 is a ramp way 8 tilted towards nail tip 10 direction, and bleed opening 5 is distributed
In nail region, body 1 front end 1/3, the diameter of ramp way 8 increases along described nail body 1 successively toward nail tip direction.
Cross bar fixed structure 2 can be bolt-nut connecting structure 6.
Described ramp way 8 is curved channel, and the longest string of described ramp way 8 with the angle of nail body 1 axis is
40°。
In the present embodiment, bleed opening 5 be provided with six and be symmetrically distributed in nail body 1 both sides and bleed opening 5 be positioned at external screw thread 4
Between each adjacent two screw threads.
Being provided with opening at nail tip 10, opening connects with hollow structure 9.
Described screw is outer cone screw, and the inwall of hollow structure 9 is arranged, for cone with the outside wall parallel of nail body 1.
Perfusion cylinder 3 with the attachment structure 6 of nail body 1 is, the hollow wall of nail body 1 end is provided with a buckle, described buckle
Diameter mates with the external diameter of described perfusion cylinder 3.
Claims (10)
1. can a perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, including inside have hollow structure (9) nail body (1), be positioned at described nail body (1) end
Hold perfusion cylinder (3) and described perfusion cylinder that integrated cross bar fixed structure (2), one end be connected with described nail body (1) one end
(3) push rod matched, described nail body (1) is provided with external screw thread (4), described nail body (1) is provided with multiple with described in
The bleed opening (5) that hollow structure (9) connects, described perfusion cylinder (3) is a through-hole structure, and it is connected one end with described nail body (1) and sets
Being equipped with the attachment structure (6) mated with described nail body (1) end hollow wall, the other end is provided with inlet (7), and its feature exists
In: the passage connecting described hollow structure (9) and described bleed opening (5) is a ramp way tilted towards nail tip (10) direction
(8), described bleed opening (5) is distributed in region, described nail body (1) front end 1/3, and the diameter of described ramp way (8) is along described nail
Body (1) increases successively toward nail tip direction.
One the most according to claim 1 can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, it is characterised in that: described ramp way (8) is straight
Line passage, described ramp way (8) is less than or equal to 45 ° with the angle of described nail body (1) axis.
One the most according to claim 1 can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, it is characterised in that: described ramp way (8) is arc
Shape passage, string and the angle of nail body (1) axis that described ramp way (8) is the longest are less than or equal to 45 °.
One the most according to claim 1 can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, it is characterised in that: described bleed opening (5) at least sets
It is equipped with a pair and is distributed in nail body (1) both sides.
One the most according to claim 1 can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, it is characterised in that: described nail tip (10) place is provided with
Opening, described opening connects with described hollow structure (9).
One the most according to claim 4 can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, it is characterised in that: outside described bleed opening (5) is positioned at
Between each adjacent two screw threads of screw thread (4).
One the most according to claim 1 can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, it is characterised in that: described hollow structure (9) interior
Wall is arranged with the outside wall parallel of nail body (1).
One the most according to claim 7 can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, it is characterised in that: described hollow structure (9) is circle
Taper.
One the most according to claim 1 can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, it is characterised in that: described perfusion cylinder (3) and nail body
(1) attachment structure (6) is, the hollow wall of nail body (1) end is provided with and irrigates the female thread of cylinder (3) one end fits, perfusion
Cylinder (3) is constituted with nail body threadeds.
One the most according to claim 1 can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt, it is characterised in that: described perfusion cylinder (3) and nail body
(1) attachment structure is, the hollow wall of nail body (1) end is provided with a buckle, the diameter of described buckle and described perfusion cylinder (3)
External diameter coupling.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201620467752.3U CN205814401U (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2016-05-19 | One can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt |
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CN201620467752.3U CN205814401U (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2016-05-19 | One can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt |
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CN205814401U true CN205814401U (en) | 2016-12-21 |
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ID=57558556
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CN201620467752.3U Expired - Fee Related CN205814401U (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2016-05-19 | One can perfusion cervical pedicle bolt |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105852953A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-08-17 | 王志荣 | Pourable pedicle screw |
WO2017197868A1 (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-11-23 | 王志荣 | Combined-type perfusable pedicle screw system |
CN108784816A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-13 | 常州华森医疗器械有限公司 | Oval side opening hollow pedicle nail |
-
2016
- 2016-05-19 CN CN201620467752.3U patent/CN205814401U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105852953A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-08-17 | 王志荣 | Pourable pedicle screw |
WO2017197868A1 (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-11-23 | 王志荣 | Combined-type perfusable pedicle screw system |
CN108784816A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-13 | 常州华森医疗器械有限公司 | Oval side opening hollow pedicle nail |
CN108784816B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-01-21 | 常州华森医疗器械有限公司 | Hollow pedicle screw with oval side hole |
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CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
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Granted publication date: 20161221 Termination date: 20180519 |