A kind of ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge system
Technical field
This utility model relates to a kind of ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge system, belongs to field of environment protection.
Background technology
China is world's producing coal and coal-fired big country, coal fire discharged sulfur dioxide the acid rain caused has had influence on the whole nation
40% area of nearly 4,000,000 square kilometres, and also expanding.
The sulfur dioxide administered in flue gas has many methods: have the Desulphurization of fuels before burning, the burning of desulphurization during combustion agent
During desulfurization and burning after flue gas desulfurization.In terms of the service condition of current countries in the world: coal-burning boiler is come
Saying, method most economical, effective is flue gas desulfurization.
At present, flue gas desulfurization technique can be divided into multiple according to different division methods;Most common of which is basis
The thing of operating process is mutually different, and sulfur method can be divided into wet method, dry method and semidry method.Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Technique is ripe,
The utilization rate of desulfuration efficiency and desulfurizing agent is high, reliable.
Common Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Technique includes ammonia process, calcium method, magnesium processes and seawater method etc..
Calcium method investment operating cost is high, floor space is big, equipment attrition seriously corroded, by-product are difficult to process.I
The purity in state's magnesium ore deposit is inadequate, and impurity is on the high side.Magnesium processes desulfurization is serious due to the blocking of contaminant problem equipment.Seawater method desulfurization
It is applicable to coastal factory, and is only applicable to the low-sulfur coal that sulfur content is little.
Ammonia process of desulfurization reaction rate is fast, discharges without " three wastes ", does not results in the secondary pollution of environment.By-product sulfur
Acid ammonium has the biggest market value.
Along with the sternness increasingly of national environmental protection situation, the desulphurization system design discharge index of common hollow-spraying-tower is the most complete
National requirements can not be met.Even if there being segment design in desulfurizing tower, the most unresolved big disadvantage of the ammonia process of desulfurization two: flue gas
Hangover and post processing do not go out product.
It is therefore it provides one is capable of minimum discharge requirement, and simple for structure clear, it is easy to accomplish, low cost,
The ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge system and the technique that are beneficial to wide popularization and application just become this technical field and are badly in need of solution
Technical barrier.
Utility model content
For above-mentioned deficiency, this utility model purpose is, it is provided that a kind of technique is simple, can reduce cigarette greatly
The ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge system of harmful constituent in gas discharge.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme provided by the utility model is:
A kind of ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge system, it is characterised in that including: desulfurizing tower, Ammonia adding System, circulation knot
Crystallographic system is united, and purifies water wash system and rear sulfur ammonium system;The bottom of the oxidation panel of described desulfurizing tower is by described circulation
Crystal system is connected with described rear sulfur ammonium system, and the top of the oxidation panel of described desulfurizing tower is added with described by pipeline
Ammonia system is connected, and described circulation crystallization system is connected with the concentration cycles section of described desulfurizing tower by pipeline, institute
The purification washing section stating desulfurizing tower is connected with described purification water wash system by pipeline.
Preferably, described desulfurizing tower 1 from top to bottom, includes tower top chimney 7 successively, purifies washing section 5, absorber portion 4,
Concentration cycles section 3, flue entrance 2 and oxidation panel 8;Described flue entrance 2 is positioned at the bottom of described enriching section 3;Institute
State and be provided with dividing plate between oxidation panel 8 and concentration cycles section 3;Described absorber portion 4 is by return duct 6 and described oxidation panel 8
It is connected;Described oxidation panel 8 bottom is provided with four to five layers of gas-liquid distributor 9, and each layer of gas-liquid distribution grid passes through respectively
Primary cycle pump 10 is connected with absorber portion 4;
Described circulation crystallization system includes circulation crystallization groove 12, secondary cycle pump 14, crystallizes pump 13, overflow pipe 11,
Concentrated solution pipeline 15, the top of described circulation crystallization groove 12 is connected with the bottom of described desulfurizing tower by overflow pipe 11
Connecing, the top of described circulation crystallization groove 12 is by the bottom of concentrated solution pipeline 15 with the concentration cycles section 3 of described de-tower
Being connected, the middle part of described circulation crystallization groove 12 is by the concentration cycles section 3 of secondary cycle pump 14 with described desulfurizing tower
Top be connected, the top of described circulation crystallization groove 12 by overflowing liquid return duct 27 respectively with in rear sulfur ammonium system
One-level thickener 22, two grades of thickeners 23, centrifuges 24 be connected, the bottom of described circulation crystallization groove 12 is passed through
Crystallization pump 13 is connected with the middle and lower part of pipeline with the one-level thickener 22 in rear sulfur ammonium system;
Described Ammonia adding System includes ammonification groove 16 and connected aqua ammonia pump 17, and described ammonification groove 16 is by described
Aqua ammonia pump 17 is connected with the oxidation panel 8 of described desulfurizing tower 1;
Described rear sulfur ammonium system includes one-level thickener 22, two grades of thickeners 23, centrifuge 24, drying machines 25, bag
Installation 26, the bottom of described one-level thickener 22 is connected with described two grades of thickeners 23, described one-level thickener 22
Top be connected by the top of pipeline with described circulation crystallization groove 12, the bottom of described thickener 23 with described from
Scheming 24 is connected, and the top of described thickener 23 is connected by the top of pipeline with described circulation crystallization groove 12,
Described centrifuge 24 is connected with described drying machine 25;Described purification water wash system includes circulating water chennel 18, recirculated water
Pump 19, technique tank 20, technique water pump 21, described circulating water chennel 18 is by water circulating pump 19 and corresponding pipeline and takes off
The purification washing section 5 of sulfur tower is connected;Circulation fluid is connected by the top of reflux pipeline with circulating water chennel 18, institute
State technique tank 20 to be connected with purification washing section 5 top of described desulfurizing tower by technique water pump 21, complete to purify
Circulation fluid after washing flows back to circulating water chennel 18 by reflux pipeline.
Preferably, described flue entrance 2 is entering to carry out anticorrosion of flue duct at first 3 meters of desulfurizing tower, flue thickness δ=6mm,
Gas approach carries out anti-scald insulation.
Preferably, described oxidation panel 8 takes the oxidation liquid level of 6-12 rice, increases gas-liquid contact time, if four to five
Layer gas-liquid distributor 9, gas-liquid distributor has a certain size hole, and percent opening is according to SO in flue gas2Content is carried out
Careful design.
Preferably, size and the pressure of described oxidation fan 28 carries out type selecting according to worst operating condition.
Preferably, described concentration cycles section 3 sets one layer and concentrates spraying layer, and one reduces into tower flue gas temperature, and two are
High-temperature flue gas is utilized to carry out the condensing crystallizing of ammonium sulfate.
Preferably, described absorber portion sets Multi-layer sprinkling and filler, and gas-liquid is fully contacted reaction on filler, and removing is fallen
SO in flue gas2, set a monolayer demister above the superiors' spray, and be furnished with a set of mist eliminator flushing device, reduce
Enter the entrained liquid load of clean-up stage.
Preferably, described clean-up stage sets two-layer and purifies washing spraying layer, and centre adds filler, it is ensured that circulation fluid is replaced
Fully, spray liquid is back to circulating water chennel through collecting tank and is circulated use.
Preferably, described primary cycle pump 10 is provided with 3, is connected with described absorber portion 4 respectively.
A kind of ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge technique, its step is as follows:
(1) flue gas enters desulfurizing tower middle and lower part, the most from bottom to top through whole tower body;
(2) absorber portion of desulfurizing tower squeezed into by the doctor solution in oxidation panel by primary cycle pump, then sprays, from upper
And contact sulfur dioxide absorption with flue gas adverse current down;
(3) removing SO2After flue gas enter purify water wash system;
(4) SO is absorbed2After ammonium sulfite solution be back to oxidation panel through return duct 6, with aqua ammonia pump 17
Ammonia reacts, and a part squeezes into absorber portion 4 cyclic absorption SO through primary cycle pump 102, overflow after another part oxidation
Flow into circulation crystallization groove 12;
(5) control the pH value of oxidation panel, oxidation air distributor is carried out rational perforate design, select to meet
The blower pressure of practical situation and air usage factor, it is ensured that oxidation efficiency, overflow to circulation by well-oxygenated solution
Crystallization tank;
(6) in circulation crystallization groove, the upper strata of ammonium sulfate is squeezed into concentration cycles section by secondary cycle pump and is steamed
Sending out concentration, the lower floor of ammonium sulfate squeezes into rear sulfur ammonium processing system by crystallization pump;
(7) top of absorber portion is provided with monolayer demister, is lowered into the droplet of clean-up stage;
(8) fresh water (FW) is squeezed into purification washing section by technique water pump 21;
(9) oxidation panel of the ammonia addition desulfurizing tower that aqua ammonia pump comes completes the reduction of ammonium bisulfite;
(10) ammonium sulfate sequentially passes through 22, two grades of thickeners of one-level thickener after squeezing into rear sulfur ammonium processing system
23, ammonium sulfate product is obtained after centrifuge 24, drying machine 25, packer 26.
Preferably, described in described step (5), pH value is 4-6.
Beneficial effect:
The technique that the ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge system that this utility model provides relates to belongs to gas-liquid reaction, response speed
Hurry up, completely, desulfuration efficiency is high in reaction.Use suitable liquid-gas ratio, control rational pH value, unique ammonification
The kinds of processes means such as mode, raising oxidation efficiency, reduce the aerosol in flue gas after desulfurization and dust content, with
Time purify washing section uses back tower water supplementing method, it is achieved that recycle, greatly reduce water consume.This utility model
Desulphurization system achieve minimum discharge requirement, and simple for structure understand, it is easy to accomplish, low cost, be beneficial to extensively
Popularization and application.
Below by the drawings and specific embodiments, this utility model is described further, but is not meant to this
The restriction of utility model protection scope.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this utility model ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge system.
Main Reference Numerals illustrates:
1 desulfurizing tower 2 flue entrance
3 concentration cycles section 4 absorber portions
5 purify washing section 6 return duct
7 tower top chimney 8 oxidation panels
9 gas-liquid distributor 10 primary cycle pumps
11 overflow pipe 12 circulation crystallization grooves
13 crystallization pump 14 secondary cycle pumps
15 concentrated solution pipeline 16 ammonification grooves
17 aqua ammonia pump 18 first circulating water chennels
19 first water circulating pump 20 second circulating water chennels
21 second water circulating pump 22 one-level thickeners
23 2 grades of thickener 24 centrifuges
25 drying machine 26 packers
27 overflowing liquid return duct 28 oxidation fans
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
As it is shown in figure 1, be the structural representation of this utility model ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge system, in figure, 1 is
Desulfurizing tower, 2 is flue entrance, and 3 is concentration cycles section, and 4 is absorber portion, and 5 for purifying washing section, and 6 is backflow
Pipe, 7 is tower top chimney, and 8 is oxidation panel, and 9 is gas-liquid distributor, and 10 is primary cycle pump, and 11 is overflow pipe,
12 is circulation crystallization groove, and 13 is crystallization pump, and 14 is secondary cycle pump, and 15 is concentrated solution overflow line, and 16 is ammonia
Tank, 17 is aqua ammonia pump, and 18 is circulating water chennel, and 19 is water circulating pump, and 20 is technique tank, and 21 is fresh water (FW)
Pump, 22 is the first thickener, and 23 is the second thickener, and 24 is centrifuge, and 25 is drying machine, and 26 is packer,
27 is overflowing liquid return duct, and 28 is oxidation fan.
Ammonia process of desulfurization minimum discharge system of the present utility model includes: include desulfurizing tower, Ammonia adding System, circulation crystallization
System, purifies water wash system and rear sulfur ammonium system;Described desulfurizing tower 1 from top to bottom, includes tower top chimney 7 successively,
Purify washing section 5, absorber portion 4, concentration cycles section 3, flue entrance 2 and oxidation panel 8;Described flue entrance 2 is positioned at
The middle and lower part of described enriching section 3;It is provided with dividing plate between described oxidation panel 8 and concentration cycles section 3;Described absorber portion 4 leads to
Cross return duct 6 to be connected with described oxidation panel 8;Described oxidation panel 8 bottom is provided with four to five layers of gas-liquid distributor 9, often
One layer of gas-liquid distributor is connected with absorber portion 4 by primary cycle pump 10 respectively;Described circulation crystallization system includes
Circulation crystallization groove 12, secondary cycle pump 14, crystallize pump 13, overflow pipe 11, concentrated solution pipeline 15, described circulation knot
The top of brilliant groove 12 is connected by the bottom of overflow pipe 11 with described desulfurizing tower, the top of described circulation crystallization groove 12
It is connected by the bottom of concentrated solution pipeline 15 with the concentration cycles section 3 of described desulfurizing tower, described circulation crystallization groove 12
Middle part be connected by the top of secondary cycle pump 14 with the concentration cycles section 3 of described desulfurizing tower, described circulation knot
The bottom of brilliant groove 12 is connected with the middle and upper part of pipeline with the one-level thickener 22 in rear sulfur ammonium system by crystallization pump 13
Connect;The top of described circulation crystallization groove 12 is by overflowing liquid return duct 27 and the one-level thickener in rear sulfur ammonium system
22, two grades of thickeners 23 are connected with centrifuge 24;Described Ammonia adding System includes ammonia vessel 16 and connected
Aqua ammonia pump 17, described ammonia vessel 16 is connected with the oxidation panel 8 of described desulfurizing tower 1 by described aqua ammonia pump 17;Rear sulfur
Ammonium system includes one-level thickener 22, two grades of thickeners 23, centrifuge 24, drying machine 25, packers 26, described
The bottom of one-level thickener 22 is connected with described two grades of thickener 23 tops, and the top of described one-level thickener 22 leads to
Cross pipeline to be connected with the top of described circulation crystallization groove 12, the bottom of described thickener 23 and described centrifuge 24 phase
Connecting, the top of described thickener 23 is connected with the top of described circulation crystallization groove 12 by overflowing liquid return duct 27
Connecing, described centrifuge 24 is connected with described drying machine 25, and described drying machine 25 is connected with packer 26;Described only
Change water wash system and include circulating water chennel 18, water circulating pump 19, technique tank 20, technique water pump 21, described recirculated water
Groove 18 is connected with the purification washing section 5 of desulfurizing tower by water circulating pump 19 and corresponding pipeline;Circulation fluid is by backflow
Pipeline is connected with the top of circulating water chennel 18.Described technique tank 20 is by technique water pump 21 and described desulfurizing tower
Purify washing section 5 top to be connected, complete to purify washing Posterior circle liquid and flow back to circulating water chennel 18 by reflux pipeline.
Described flue entrance 2 is entering to carry out anticorrosion of flue duct, flue thickness δ=6mm, entrance cigarette at first 3 meters of desulfurizing tower
Road carries out anti-scald insulation;
Described oxidation panel 8 takes the oxidation liquid level of 6-12 rice, increases gas-liquid contact time, if four to five layers of gas-liquid are divided
Cloth device 9, gas-liquid distributor has a certain size hole (conventional aperture), and percent opening is according to SO in flue gas2
Content carries out careful design;
Size and the pressure of described oxidation fan 28 carry out type selecting, pressure according to worst operating condition
0.12-0.17MPa, flow 20-150m3/min。
Described concentration cycles section 3 sets one layer and concentrates spraying layer, and one reduces into tower flue gas temperature, and two is to utilize high temperature
Flue gas carries out the condensing crystallizing of ammonium sulfate;
Described absorber portion sets two to three layers of spray and structured packing, and gas-liquid is fully contacted reaction on filler, and removing is fallen
SO in flue gas2.Set a monolayer demister above the superiors' spray, and be furnished with a set of mist eliminator flushing device, reduce
Enter the entrained liquid load of clean-up stage;
Described clean-up stage sets two-layer and purifies washing spraying layer, and centre adds filler structured packing, it is ensured that circulation fluid is replaced
Fully, spray liquid is back to circulating water chennel through collecting tank and is circulated use.
Described primary cycle pump 10 is provided with 3, is connected with described absorber portion 4 respectively
The idiographic flow of the minimum discharge technique of the ammonia process of desulfurization of the present utility model is:
(1) boiler smoke enters the concentration cycles section 3 of desulfurizing tower 1 middle and lower part through flue entrance 2, through secondary cycle
After spray liquid cooling, entering absorber portion 4, in flue gas, most of sulfur dioxide is absorbed at this, desulfurization
After flue gas continue rise, enter purify washing section 5, purified except mist after, become neat stress, by tower top chimney
7 discharges;
(2) absorber portion of desulfurizing tower squeezed into by the doctor solution in oxidation panel by primary cycle pump, then sprays, from upper
And sulfur dioxide absorption is contacted down with flue gas adverse current, and forming ammonium bisulfite, ammonium bisulfite is refluxed by return duct 6
Oxidation panel 8 bottom desulfurizing tower 1;
(3) removing SO2After flue gas enter purify water wash system;
(4) SO is absorbed2After solution be back to the oxidation panel of desulfurizing tower by return duct;
(5) the oxidation panel control pH value of desulfurizing tower is at 4-6, oxidation air distributor is carried out rational perforate and sets
Meter, number of aperture is 5000-15000, selects to meet blower pressure 0.12-0.17MPa and the air of practical situation
Usage factor 30-50%, it is ensured that oxidation efficiency;
(6) ammonium sulfite oxidation panel 8 bottom desulfurizing tower 1 is by the Multi-layers distributing abundant oxygen of uniform oxidation air
Chemical conversion ammonium sulfate, part of sulfuric acid ammonium salt solution enters circulation crystallization groove 12 through overflow pipe 11, by secondary cycle pump
14 enter concentration cycles section 3 through circulation pipe circulates, and utilizes flue-gas temperature to make circulation fluid moisture be evaporated, reaches full
And purpose, form the ammonium sulfate serosity of solid content 10%;
(7) set monolayer demister on absorber portion, be lowered into the droplet of clean-up stage;
(8) fresh water (FW) is squeezed into purification washing section by technique water pump 21;
(9) the ammonia addition desulfurizing tower oxidation panel that aqua ammonia pump comes completes the reduction of ammonium bisulfite;
(10) the ammonium sulfate serosity of solid content 10% is sent into one-level thickener 22 and is carried out the most solid by crystallizing pump 13
Liquid separates, and separates clear liquid and enters circulation crystallization groove 12, and heavy-fluid (solid content 20%~40%) enters two grades of stiffs
Device 23 continues settlement separate;Overflow clear liquid enters circulation crystallization groove 12, crystal solution (solid content 40%~60%)
Enter centrifuge 24 to separate;Centrifuge 24 cross cleaner liquid enter circulation crystallization groove 12, consider slag be water capacity 3%~
The ammonium sulfate wet-milling of 5%.
Effect of the present utility model shows: the method that this utility model provides belongs to gas-liquid reaction, and response speed is fast,
Completely, desulfuration efficiency is high in reaction.
It is embodied in: the total particulate (aerosol and dirt are even with particulate form embodiment) in flue gas after desulfurization contains
Amount is 2-4%, and it measures employing GB/T16157-1996, and " in Concentration in Fixed Pollutants Source, particulate matter measures dirty with gaseous state
The dye thing method of sampling " standard;Total particulate content in the flue gas after desulfurization of existing desulphurization system is 8-10%,
Reduce 6%.
The purification washing section of the minimum discharge technique of the ammonia process of desulfurization of the present utility model uses back tower water supplementing method, it is achieved
Recycle, greatly reduce water consumption.Desulphurization system of the present utility model achieves minimum discharge requirement, and knot
Structure is short and sweet, it is easy to accomplish, low cost, beneficially wide popularization and application.
The explanation of above-described embodiment, is not to this utility model structure, the restriction of technique, any to this utility model
Make the structure after simple transformation, or there is the technique of identical function, belong to the protection domain of this utility model patent.