CN205610220U - Little electric anti -reverse connection circuit of photovoltaic - Google Patents
Little electric anti -reverse connection circuit of photovoltaic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205610220U CN205610220U CN201620437904.5U CN201620437904U CN205610220U CN 205610220 U CN205610220 U CN 205610220U CN 201620437904 U CN201620437904 U CN 201620437904U CN 205610220 U CN205610220 U CN 205610220U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- diode
- photovoltaic
- optocoupler
- input
- relay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn - After Issue
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The utility model relates to a protection system is prevented joining conversely by the little electricity of photovoltaic in the large -scale photovoltaic power generation of being incorporated into the power networks power station, especially relates to a little electric anti -reverse connection circuit of photovoltaic, it includes opto -coupler, first diode, relay, control circuit, drive power supply, install the photovoltaic converge female arrange with the solar electric source input between the circuit breaker and can control circuit breaker tripped's shunt release, the emitting diode series aiding connection of first diode and opto -coupler inlet side, the negative pole of first diode links to each other with solar electric source positive input. Because implement above -mentioned technical scheme, this application gets electronic work through opto -coupler, control circuit, relay drive shunt release to circuit breaker tripped, reaching in the twinkling of an eye, circuit break protects level electrical equipment's purpose afterwards, only the sample the direction of current flow signal of solar electric source input of control circuit does not produce the consumption, and the action is sensitive, low in cost, the tripping operation of shunt release control circuit breaker, be out of order or the probability that damages very small, the reliability height.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to the micro-electricity of the photovoltaic anti-reverse protection system in a kind of large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power generation power station, particularly relates to a kind of photovoltaic micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit.
Background technology
Large-sized photovoltaic photovoltaic group string in power station of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is numerous, and is divided into one-level, two grades of convergence system.In this system, a DC line hundreds of, thousands of are required to correctly connect (both positive and negative polarity one_to_one corresponding), because causing damaging the power electronic device in header box or inverter after circuit reversal connection, therefore do not allow the conflux both positive and negative polarity of circuit of any one direct current to connect instead；But these numerous circuits must be all manually to carry out installing connecting, and that makes mistakes may can hardly be avoided, and traditional reverse-connection preventing circuit system of confluxing mainly uses and concatenates power stage diode in primary circuit of electrically confluxing to reach the function of anti-reverse protection.
This mode has following defects that
1. power stage diode is directly concatenated into primary circuit, because of high (the highest DC740V) electric current of voltage relatively big (maximum DC60 ~ 70A) in loop, therefore require that the performance of diode proof voltage and resistance to electric current is higher, and must be equipped with aluminium alloy heat radiator, radiator fan, temperature control equipment etc., overall cost is high, installs complexity；
The most this diode is relatively big because of the primary current flow through, therefore heating is the biggest, and the essence of this heating is power attenuation；This part should be that the electric energy of generated energy is wasted；
3. the hugest because of the overall installation amount of power diode, inevitably occur in that after running the several years and be burned out phenomenon.In reason substantially circuit, current surge breakdown diode, cooling system fault cause the overheated damage of diode etc.；The most this diode is burned out, and needs the more element such as heat exchange radiator, diode, and workload, difficulty are bigger.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the application is to propose a kind of Micro Energy Lose, and overall cost is cheap, installs and easy to maintenance, reduces photovoltaic micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit of maintenance cost.
The purpose of the application is achieved in that photovoltaic micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit, it includes optocoupler, the first diode, relay, control loop, drives power supply, the chopper being arranged between photovoltaic conflux busbar and sun-generated electric power input and can control the shunt release of circuit breaker trip, the first diode and the light emitting diode series aiding connection of optocoupler input side；The negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the input of sun-generated electric power positive pole, and the anode of the light emitting diode of optocoupler input side is connected with the input of sun-generated electric power negative pole；The phototriode of optocoupler outlet side and relay coil are connected to in the control loop controlling power supply, and relay normally open contact is connected to after connecting with shunt release drive power supply institute in the loop.
Further, chopper includes the normally opened feedback contact of linkage；The output of chopper positive and negative electrode with photovoltaic conflux busbar respectively is connected, and the input of chopper is connected with the input of sun-generated electric power positive and negative electrode respectively；Described normally opened feedback contact is connected between the anode of the light emitting diode of optocoupler input side and the input of sun-generated electric power negative pole.
Further, at least one first current-limiting resistance it is serially connected with between the anode of the light emitting diode of normally opened feedback contact and optocoupler input side.
Further, control loop include the second current-limiting resistance and drive audion；Described control power supply is connected with the base stage driving audion through the phototriode of at least one second current-limiting resistance, optocoupler outlet side, described control power supply is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion through relay coil, and the earth terminal of described control power supply is connected with the emitter stage driving audion.
Further, the two ends of relay coil are parallel with the 3rd current-limiting resistance and luminous alarming diode being cascaded；The negative electrode of described luminous alarming diode is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion.
Further, the two ends of relay coil are parallel with the second diode, and the anode of described second diode is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion.
Further, optocoupler, the first diode, control loop, relay are all integrated on one block of control circuit plate.
Owing to implementing technique scheme, the DC voltage of hundreds of for input side volts is effectively isolated with the extremely low voltage controlling loop by the application by optocoupler, reaches to promote the effect of Circuits System level of security, adds control loop safety；When sun-generated electric power both positive and negative polarity connection error, by optocoupler, control loop, relay driving shunt release energized action, thus circuit breaker trip, reach instantaneous trip circuit and protect the purpose of rear class electrical equipment；Control loop only sample sun-generated electric power input current direction signal, do not produce power consumption, be active in one's movements, cheap；Shunt release controls the tripping operation of chopper, is out of order or the probability that damages is the most small, reliability height.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The concrete structure of the application is given by following drawings and Examples:
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is to control power supply, driving power supply and the elementary diagram of relay normally open contact；
Fig. 3 is the elementary diagram between photovoltaic conflux busbar and sun-generated electric power input.
Legend:
IC. optocoupler, D1. the first diode, SHT. shunt release, QF. chopper, the most normally opened feedback contact, K0. relay coil, K1. relay normally open contact, DC. power supply is controlled, AC. power supply is driven, R1. the first current-limiting resistance, R2. the second current-limiting resistance, Q. audion is driven, R3. the 3rd current-limiting resistance, LED. luminous alarming diode, D2. the second diode, the positive pole of 0+. photovoltaic conflux busbar, the negative pole of 0-. photovoltaic conflux busbar, 1+. sun-generated electric power positive pole inputs, 1-. sun-generated electric power negative pole inputs, a. the first contact terminal, b1. the second contact terminal, e. line terminals is converged, c1. primary nodal point, d1. secondary nodal point, B. control circuit plate.
Detailed description of the invention:
The application is not limited by following embodiment, can determine specific embodiment according to the technical scheme of the application and practical situation.
As shown in Figure 1, photovoltaic micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit includes optocoupler IC, the first diode D1, relay, control loop, drives power supply AC, circuit breaker Q F being arranged between photovoltaic conflux busbar and sun-generated electric power input and can control the shunt release SHT, the first diode D1 of the tripping operation of circuit breaker Q F and the light emitting diode series aiding connection of optocoupler IC input side；The negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected with sun-generated electric power positive pole input 1+, and the anode of the light emitting diode of optocoupler IC input side is connected with sun-generated electric power negative pole input 1-；The phototriode of optocoupler IC outlet side and relay coil K0 are connected to in the control loop controlling power supply DC, and relay normally open contact K1 is connected to after connecting with shunt release SHT drive power supply AC institute in the loop.
Under normal circumstances, sun-generated electric power input (i.e. conflux circuit) wiring is correct, voltage x current is in the right direction, circuit breaker Q F is closed a floodgate, and the voltage signal of sun-generated electric power negative pole input 1-is ended by the first diode D1, the input side no current of optocoupler IC, also it is failure to actuate in subsequent control loop, relay coil K0 must not be electric, and shunt release SHT does not works, and the application is in holding state.When reversal connection occurs in sun-generated electric power input wires, after i.e. both positive and negative polarity connects anti-situation generation, sun-generated electric power negative pole input 1-has reformed into positive voltage signal, sun-generated electric power positive pole input 1+ becomes negative voltage signal, then electric current inputs 1-, the light emitting diode of optocoupler IC input side, the first diode D1, sun-generated electric power positive pole input 1+ through sun-generated electric power negative pole successively, defines closed-loop path；Optocoupler IC action; the phototriode of optocoupler IC outlet side is triggered conducting; control loop works; relay coil K0 obtains electric, and relay normally open contact K1 closes, and under driving power supply AC to drive, shunt release SHT obtains electric work; circuit breaker Q F is made to thread off rapidly tripping operation; thus cut-out connects anti-sun-generated electric power and enters through photovoltaic conflux busbar entrance inverter, plays the effect of anti-reverse protection, reduces maintenance cost.Control loop only sample sun-generated electric power input current direction signal, do not produce power consumption, be active in one's movements, cheap.Shunt release SHT is existing public technology, and it controls the tripping operation of circuit breaker Q F, is out of order or the probability that damages is the most small, reliability height.
During wiring, as shown in Figure 2, power supply AC is driven to can be selected for the AC220V power supply in photovoltaic conflux power distribution cabinet, the DC5V micro power of the AC220V Power convert offer that power supply DC can be selected in photovoltaic conflux power distribution cabinet is provided, so the DC voltage of hundreds of volts of optocoupler IC input side can be effectively isolated with the extremely low voltage controlled in loop, add control loop safety；One end of relay normally open contact K1 is connected to the phase line end of AC220V power supply by the first contact terminal a, the other end of relay normally open contact K1 is connected to one end of shunt release SHT by the second contact terminal b1, and the other end of shunt release SHT is connected to the zero line side of AC220V power supply by remittance line terminals e.Multiloop sun-generated electric power input (generally ten tunnels) in corresponding photovoltaic conflux power distribution cabinet, it is provided with reverse-connection preventing circuit one to one, one end of all of relay normally open contact K1 can be converged and is connected at the first contact terminal a, and the other end of all of shunt release SHT can converge in the zero line side of AC220V power supply by remittance line terminals e.
As it is shown in figure 1, circuit breaker Q F includes the normally opened feedback contact AX of linkage；The output of circuit breaker Q F positive and negative electrode with photovoltaic conflux busbar respectively is connected, and the input of circuit breaker Q F is connected with the input of sun-generated electric power positive and negative electrode respectively；Described normally opened feedback contact AX is connected between the anode of the light emitting diode of optocoupler IC input side and sun-generated electric power negative pole input 1-.
When normally working, normally opened feedback contact AX closes a floodgate along with circuit breaker Q F and closes, and does not affect the application and normally uses；After circuit breaker Q F is by shunt release SHT trip protection; normally opened feedback contact AX also reverts to off-state with the tripping operation of circuit breaker Q F; then sun-generated electric power negative pole input 1-is led to the failure of current of optocoupler IC; optocoupler IC stops output; control loop and disconnect work; relay coil K0 dead electricity, relay normally open contact K1 disconnects, corresponding shunt release SHT also dead electricity.The most not only the circuit between sun-generated electric power input and photovoltaic conflux busbar is cut off, and reaches to protect the purpose of inverter；The electric current that sun-generated electric power negative pole input 1-leads to optocoupler IC can also be cut off, i.e. cut off the circuit between sun-generated electric power input and optocoupler IC input side, just it is de-energized after making shunt release SHT snap action, thus meet the characteristic of shunt release SHT energized action in short-term, extend its service life, reducing maintenance cost, reliability is high.
During wiring, as shown in Figure 1,3, sun-generated electric power negative pole input 1-is connected to primary nodal point c1；Circuit breaker Q F correspondence is connected between the input of sun-generated electric power positive and negative electrode and the positive and negative electrode of photovoltaic conflux busbar, normally opened feedback contact AX is connected between primary nodal point c1 and secondary nodal point d1, the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected to sun-generated electric power positive pole input 1+, and the anode of the light emitting diode of optocoupler IC input side is connected to secondary nodal point d1.
As it is shown in figure 1, be serially connected with at least one first current-limiting resistance R1 between the anode of the light emitting diode of normally opened feedback contact AX and optocoupler IC input side.So can protect the first diode D1 and the light emitting diode of optocoupler IC input side further.
Control loop include the second current-limiting resistance R2 and drive audion Q；Described control power supply DC is connected with the base stage driving audion Q through the phototriode of at least one second current-limiting resistance R2, optocoupler IC outlet side, described control power supply DC is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion Q through relay coil K0, and the earth terminal of described control power supply DC is connected with the emitter stage driving audion Q.
So when optocoupler IC action, the phototriode of its outlet side is triggered conducting, control power supply DC through phototriode, it is connected to drive the base stage of audion Q, audion Q is driven to be switched on, control power supply DC through relay coil K0, drive audion Q colelctor electrode, drive audion Q emitter stage formed loop, relay normally open contact K1 close, thus shunt release SHT obtain electric make circuit breaker Q F thread off tripping operation.
The feature of optocoupler IC is input and output isolation, and signal speed is fast, but load capacity little (milliampere level) of its output, if its output directly drives relay, needs the fan-out capability of optocoupler IC very by force, causes volume and on the high side；The additionally scope range of the fluctuation of voltage of optocoupler IC input side the widest (300 ~ 740VDC), though there being clamping down on of the second current-limiting resistance R2, controlling loop and being likely to occur that output signal is shaken, causing the actuating of relay to shake；Add after driving audion Q, controlling loop and will form a set of metastable Darlington transistor system, can effectively filter out these problems, simultaneously driving audion Q itself also has the characteristic of the big electric current of Small current control, can fully ensure that the electric current in loop is sufficient, and then ensure relay action message.
As it is shown in figure 1, the two ends of relay coil K0 are parallel with the 3rd current-limiting resistance R3 and luminous alarming diode (LED) being cascaded；The negative electrode of described luminous alarming diode (LED) is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion Q.So when controlling power supply DC and driving the actuating of relay, simultaneously drive luminous alarming diode (LED) luminous, display action state.
As it is shown in figure 1, the two ends of relay coil K0 are parallel with the second diode D2, the anode of described second diode D2 is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion Q.
Second diode D2 plays the effect of fly-wheel diode: because relay coil K0 is inductive load, when there being electric current to pass through, and its two ends have induction electromotive force and produce；When the current vanishes, its induction electromotive force can produce backward voltage to the element in circuit.For relay, owing to relay coil K0 is a bigger inductance, it can store electric energy with the form in magnetic field, so storage tape when its adhesive when, when, after its power-off, magnetic field, the inside disappears the most immediately, this magnetic field will produce inverse electromotive force, its voltage instantaneous can reach tens of volt, and such voltage is easy to puncture such as component, causes damage.At one the second diode D2 of relay coil K0 two ends reverse parallel connection, when the current vanishes flow through in relay coil K0, the induction electromotive force produced will be consumed by the loop that the second diode D2 and relay coil K0 is constituted, thus ensures the safety of other element.
As it is shown in figure 1, optocoupler IC, the first diode D1, control loop, relay be all integrated on one piece of control circuit plate B.Control circuit plate B can protect control multichannel sun-generated electric power input simultaneously, and can be convenient, flexible according to actual way flexible configuration of confluxing；Thus as installing device, control circuit plate B, control power supply DC can be to be mounted directly in the clamp rail in photovoltaic conflux power distribution cabinet using Adam's base of selection standard, it is not necessary to punch in power distribution cabinet, simple installation.
Above technical characteristic constitutes the most preferred embodiment of the application, and it has stronger adaptability and optimal implementation result, can increase and decrease inessential technical characteristic according to actual needs, meet the needs of different situations.
Claims (9)
1. photovoltaic micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit, including optocoupler, the first diode, relay, control loop, drive power supply, the chopper being arranged between photovoltaic conflux busbar and sun-generated electric power input and the shunt release of circuit breaker trip, the first diode and the light emitting diode series aiding connection of optocoupler input side can be controlled；It is characterized in that: the negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the input of sun-generated electric power positive pole, the anode of the light emitting diode of optocoupler input side is connected with the input of sun-generated electric power negative pole；The phototriode of optocoupler outlet side and relay coil are connected to in the control loop controlling power supply, and relay normally open contact is connected to after connecting with shunt release drive power supply institute in the loop.
Photovoltaic the most according to claim 1 micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit, it is characterised in that: chopper includes the normally opened feedback contact of linkage；The output of chopper positive and negative electrode with photovoltaic conflux busbar respectively is connected, and the input of chopper is connected with the input of sun-generated electric power positive and negative electrode respectively；Described normally opened feedback contact is connected between the anode of the light emitting diode of optocoupler input side and the input of sun-generated electric power negative pole.
Photovoltaic the most according to claim 2 micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit, it is characterised in that: it is serially connected with at least one first current-limiting resistance between the anode of the light emitting diode of normally opened feedback contact and optocoupler input side.
4. according to the micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit of the photovoltaic described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: control loop and include the second current-limiting resistance and drive audion；Described control power supply is connected with the base stage driving audion through the phototriode of at least one second current-limiting resistance, optocoupler outlet side, described control power supply is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion through relay coil, and the earth terminal of described control power supply is connected with the emitter stage driving audion.
Photovoltaic the most according to claim 4 micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit, it is characterised in that: the two ends of relay coil are parallel with the 3rd current-limiting resistance and luminous alarming diode being cascaded；The negative electrode of described luminous alarming diode is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion.
Photovoltaic the most according to claim 4 micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit, it is characterised in that: the two ends of relay coil are parallel with the second diode, and the anode of described second diode is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion.
Photovoltaic the most according to claim 5 micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit, it is characterised in that: the two ends of relay coil are parallel with the second diode, and the anode of described second diode is connected with the colelctor electrode driving audion.
8. according to the micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit of the photovoltaic described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 5 or 6 or 7, it is characterised in that: optocoupler, the first diode, control loop, relay are all integrated on one block of control circuit plate.
Photovoltaic the most according to claim 4 micro-electricity reverse-connection preventing circuit, it is characterised in that: optocoupler, the first diode, control loop, relay are all integrated on one block of control circuit plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620437904.5U CN205610220U (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2016-05-16 | Little electric anti -reverse connection circuit of photovoltaic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620437904.5U CN205610220U (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2016-05-16 | Little electric anti -reverse connection circuit of photovoltaic |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205610220U true CN205610220U (en) | 2016-09-28 |
Family
ID=56967131
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620437904.5U Withdrawn - After Issue CN205610220U (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2016-05-16 | Little electric anti -reverse connection circuit of photovoltaic |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205610220U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105790248A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-07-20 | 阿克苏舒奇蒙光伏发电有限公司 | Photovoltaic microgrid anti-reverse connection circuit |
| CN111431144A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-17 | 神华神东电力有限责任公司 | Generator protection device and method |
-
2016
- 2016-05-16 CN CN201620437904.5U patent/CN205610220U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105790248A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-07-20 | 阿克苏舒奇蒙光伏发电有限公司 | Photovoltaic microgrid anti-reverse connection circuit |
| CN105790248B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2019-08-13 | 阿克苏舒奇蒙光伏发电有限公司 | The micro- electric reverse-connection preventing circuit of photovoltaic |
| CN111431144A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-17 | 神华神东电力有限责任公司 | Generator protection device and method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106602504B (en) | A kind of photovoltaic Quick shut-off device and photovoltaic system | |
| CN106817075B (en) | A kind of photovoltaic junction box and photovoltaic system | |
| WO2020228701A1 (en) | Photovoltaic inverter, and photovoltaic power generation system for same | |
| CN110429580A (en) | A kind of component switching off device and its anti-down irrigation method, photovoltaic system | |
| WO2021003790A1 (en) | Module switchoff device and security protection system of photovoltaic power generation system | |
| CN205610220U (en) | Little electric anti -reverse connection circuit of photovoltaic | |
| CN205790256U (en) | A kind of power battery pack security protection module cascaded | |
| CN108880230B (en) | Power sources in parallel control module and parallel system based on Switching Power Supply chopping voltage | |
| CN105932344B (en) | One kind can cascade power battery pack security protection module | |
| CN104078923A (en) | Overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit and illumination device | |
| CN105790248B (en) | The micro- electric reverse-connection preventing circuit of photovoltaic | |
| CN109861189B (en) | Arc extinguishing type low-voltage direct current breaker | |
| CN209497632U (en) | A kind of LED drive circuit | |
| CN216720889U (en) | A photovoltaic system that is used for shutoff device of photovoltaic module and uses it | |
| CN110460227A (en) | The driving control system and drive control method of two-stage type gird-connected inverter | |
| CN211266446U (en) | Circuit breaker protection device | |
| CN203406596U (en) | Under-voltage tripping device | |
| CN108923388A (en) | A kind of fault detection circuit powering on buffer cell and method | |
| CN115459237A (en) | Photovoltaic system and control method | |
| CN208738847U (en) | A kind of smart allocation terminal of three-phase load unbalance | |
| CN103248349A (en) | Novel electronic alternating-current contactor | |
| CN102593799A (en) | Relay protection circuit | |
| CN202856316U (en) | Minitype aerogenerator grid-connected system | |
| CN207261169U (en) | The electromagnetic brake driver of wind generating set pitch control system and pitch motor | |
| CN110289660A (en) | Electric control circuit under a kind of communication power supply |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20160928 Effective date of abandoning: 20190813 |
|
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |