CN205607626U - Measure device of remote sensing instrument's linear polarization sensitivity - Google Patents
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Abstract
本专利公开了一种测量遥感仪器的线偏振灵敏度的装置。该测量装置包括光源、准直透镜组、第一起偏器、第二起偏器、光电探测器、保偏扩束镜和遥感仪器。光束经由两个起偏器进行线偏振光调制，从而检测遥感仪器的线偏振灵敏度。所述测量方法为：1)精确校准两个起偏器的起偏角度；2)旋转第二起偏器，并利用遥感仪器进行光强探测，计算遥感仪器的相对光学效率曲线；3)变更第一起偏器的起偏角度，重复2)获得多条光学效率曲线，整合数据计算线偏振灵敏度。本专利的优点在于传输光的偏振状态明确，可用公式精确描述，无需退偏处理，克服了退偏效果差带来的线偏振灵敏度测量误差大的缺点，适用于精确测量遥感仪器的线偏振灵敏度。
This patent discloses a device for measuring the linear polarization sensitivity of a remote sensing instrument. The measuring device includes a light source, a collimating lens group, a first polarizer, a second polarizer, a photodetector, a polarization maintaining beam expander and a remote sensing instrument. The light beam is modulated by two polarizers to detect the linear polarization sensitivity of the remote sensing instrument. The measurement method is: 1) accurately calibrate the polarization angles of the two polarizers; 2) rotate the second polarizer, and use the remote sensing instrument to detect the light intensity, and calculate the relative optical efficiency curve of the remote sensing instrument; 3) change For the polarization angle of the first polarizer, repeat 2) to obtain multiple optical efficiency curves, and integrate the data to calculate the linear polarization sensitivity. The advantage of this patent is that the polarization state of the transmitted light is clear, which can be accurately described by formulas, without depolarization treatment, and overcomes the shortcomings of large linear polarization sensitivity measurement errors caused by poor depolarization effects, and is suitable for accurate measurement of linear polarization sensitivity of remote sensing instruments .
Description
技术领域technical field
本专利涉及偏振光谱技术领域，具体涉及一种测量遥感仪器的线偏振灵敏度的装置。This patent relates to the technical field of polarization spectroscopy, in particular to a device for measuring the linear polarization sensitivity of remote sensing instruments.
背景技术Background technique
偏振灵敏度描述的是仪器的光学系统对入射光的偏振态的敏感程度，它反映的是：在入射光的偏振态发生变化时，从系统中出射光强的变化。在实际描述光学系统偏振敏感特性时，常采用线偏振灵敏度(LPS)来进行表征系统的偏振灵敏度，其定义为：当一束完全线偏振光入射到一个光学系统中时，在入射线偏振光的偏振方向旋转180度的过程中，设出射光强度的最大值和最小值分别为Imax和Imin，则线偏振灵敏度的数学表达式为：LPS＝(Imax-Imin)/(Imax+Imin)。Polarization sensitivity describes the sensitivity of the optical system of the instrument to the polarization state of the incident light, and it reflects: when the polarization state of the incident light changes, the intensity of the outgoing light from the system changes. When actually describing the polarization sensitivity characteristics of an optical system, linear polarization sensitivity (LPS) is often used to characterize the polarization sensitivity of the system, which is defined as: when a beam of completely linearly polarized light is incident into an optical system, the linearly polarized light In the process of rotating the polarization direction of 180 degrees, the maximum value and the minimum value of the outgoing light intensity are set as I max and I min respectively, then the mathematical expression of linear polarization sensitivity is: LPS=(I max -I min )/(I max +I min ).
地物目标的辐射光的偏振状态本身包含丰富的信息，但对于某些遥感仪器来讲却是一个重要的干扰信息，如大气层反射光的偏振状态变化对于水色遥感仪器的水色信息反演来讲是很大的干扰项，因此需控制好线偏振灵敏度。在先进的遥感仪器研制中，往往将线偏振灵敏度作为一个重要的技术指标，一般来讲希望其值越小越好。在传统的遥感仪器的偏振灵敏度测量方案中，往往需要将光源先退偏成自然光或伪自然光，使其在各个偏振方向上的光强一致，然后经由起偏器起偏获得各个偏振方向光强一样的线偏振光，对于起偏器转动过程中遥感仪器检测到的光强变化就可以反映了仪器本身的线偏振灵敏度特性。然而，这种方案中，光源的偏振度影响很大，一般很难获得完美的零偏振度的光，这对仪器线偏振灵敏度的测量带来很大的不确定性，一般有1％左右的绝对测量误差。另外，对于采用双折射率晶体退偏器的测量方案，还存在光束分离的问题，不适用于远程测量光路。The polarization state of the radiated light of ground objects contains rich information, but it is an important interference information for some remote sensing instruments. is a large interference item, so the linear polarization sensitivity needs to be well controlled. In the development of advanced remote sensing instruments, linear polarization sensitivity is often regarded as an important technical index, and generally speaking, the smaller the value, the better. In the polarization sensitivity measurement scheme of traditional remote sensing instruments, it is often necessary to depolarize the light source into natural light or pseudo natural light first, so that the light intensity in each polarization direction is consistent, and then obtain the light intensity in each polarization direction through polarizer polarization For the same linearly polarized light, the light intensity change detected by the remote sensing instrument during the rotation of the polarizer can reflect the linear polarization sensitivity characteristics of the instrument itself. However, in this scheme, the degree of polarization of the light source has a great influence, and it is generally difficult to obtain light with a perfect zero polarization degree, which brings great uncertainty to the measurement of the linear polarization sensitivity of the instrument, generally about 1%. Absolute measurement error. In addition, for the measurement scheme using a birefringence crystal depolarizer, there is also the problem of beam separation, which is not suitable for remote measurement optical paths.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本专利目的在于提出了一种测量遥感仪器的线偏振灵敏度的装置，可以实现更高的线偏振灵敏度测量精度，减小测量的不确定性。The purpose of this patent is to propose a device for measuring the linear polarization sensitivity of a remote sensing instrument, which can achieve higher linear polarization sensitivity measurement accuracy and reduce measurement uncertainty.
本专利提出的一种测量遥感仪器的线偏振灵敏度的装置，其特征在于包括：光源1、准直透镜组2、第一起偏器3、第二起偏器4、光电探测器5、保偏扩束镜6和遥感仪器7；光源1发出的光经准直透镜组2进行准直，以准直光出射，经由第一起偏器3和第二起偏器4进行线偏振光的调制，并由光电探测器5完成校准，然后经由保偏扩束镜6进行扩束，最后进入遥感仪器7，检测遥感仪器7的线偏振灵敏度。光束在测量装置中传输过程的偏振状态变化如图2所示。A device for measuring the linear polarization sensitivity of a remote sensing instrument proposed in this patent is characterized in that it includes: a light source 1, a collimator lens group 2, a first polarizer 3, a second polarizer 4, a photodetector 5, a polarization maintaining beam expander 6 and remote sensing instrument 7; the light emitted by the light source 1 is collimated by the collimator lens group 2 to exit with collimated light, and the linearly polarized light is modulated through the first polarizer 3 and the second polarizer 4, The calibration is completed by the photodetector 5 , and then the beam is expanded through the polarization maintaining beam expander 6 , and finally enters the remote sensing instrument 7 to detect the linear polarization sensitivity of the remote sensing instrument 7 . The change of the polarization state of the beam during the transmission process in the measuring device is shown in Fig. 2 .
所述光源1为白光、单色光或光谱调制光。The light source 1 is white light, monochromatic light or spectrum modulated light.
所述准直透镜组2为消色差透镜组，并经由光阑控制杂散光。The collimator lens group 2 is an achromatic lens group, and stray light is controlled through an aperture.
所述第一起偏器3、第二起偏器4为格兰-汤普森棱镜或格兰-泰勒棱镜，安装在中空电动转台的轴心上进行起偏角度α和β的控制；The first polarizer 3 and the second polarizer 4 are Glan-Thompson prisms or Glan-Taylor prisms, which are installed on the axis of the hollow electric turntable to control the polarizing angles α and β;
所述光电探测器5探测面积大于光束截面，完全接收光束，为可拆卸式安装；The detection area of the photodetector 5 is larger than the cross-section of the beam, completely receives the beam, and is detachably installed;
所述保偏扩束镜6的光线分布在0～15°入射角范围，反射镜表面镀制银膜加介质保护膜的保偏膜系；The light rays of the polarization-maintaining beam expander 6 are distributed in the range of 0-15° incident angle, and the surface of the mirror is plated with a polarization-maintaining film system of a silver film and a dielectric protective film;
本专利提出的测量遥感仪器的线偏振灵敏度的装置的测量方法的特征在于包含以下测量步骤：The measuring method of the device for measuring the linear polarization sensitivity of the remote sensing instrument proposed in this patent is characterized in that it comprises the following measuring steps:
1)将光电探测器5放入光路中的位置，记录所述第一起偏器3的转台角度，设为α＝0位置，转动所述第二起偏器4并记录下随着转动而变化的光强曲线，该曲线为关于第二起偏器4起偏角度的三角函数曲线，利用三角函数拟合或偏振消光原理精确校准两个起偏器的起偏角度，记消光角度为β＝90°或270°位置；1) Put the photodetector 5 into the position of the optical path, record the turntable angle of the first polarizer 3, set it as α=0 position, rotate the second polarizer 4 and record the change with the rotation The light intensity curve, this curve is the trigonometric function curve about the 4 polarizing angles of the second polarizer, utilizes the trigonometric function fitting or the polarization extinction principle to accurately calibrate the polarizing angles of the two polarizers, record the extinction angle as β= 90° or 270° position;
2)将光电探测器5卸载，固定所述第一起偏器3的起偏角度α，旋转所述第二起偏器4，利用遥感仪器7测量获得各遥感通道光强随着β角变化的曲线Iout(β)，根据马吕斯定律，可以知道待测遥感仪器7的光学效率σ正比于Iout(β)/cos2(β-α)，即σ＝A·Iout(β)/cos2(β-α)，A为权重，可以获得遥感仪器7的相对光学效率曲线；2) Unload the photodetector 5, fix the polarizing angle α of the first polarizer 3, rotate the second polarizer 4, and use the remote sensing instrument 7 to measure and obtain the light intensity of each remote sensing channel as the angle β changes. Curve I out (β), according to Marius’ law, it can be known that the optical efficiency σ of the remote sensing instrument 7 to be measured is proportional to I out (β)/cos 2 (β-α), that is, σ=A·I out (β) /cos 2 (β-α), A is the weight, and the relative optical efficiency curve of the remote sensing instrument 7 can be obtained;
3)变换α值进行多次测量，对于相同的β角度，σ不变并设为基准光学效率，可建立关系式获得不同α角度的权重A的相对关系，进而获得β变化180°过程中的样品光传递效率曲线相对值，设最大值为σmax，最小值为σmin，则遥感仪器7的线偏振灵敏度为LPS＝(σmax-σmin)/(σmax+σmin)。3) Change the value of α for multiple measurements. For the same β angle, σ remains unchanged and is set as the reference optical efficiency. A relationship can be established to obtain the relative relationship of the weight A of different α angles, and then obtain the β during the 180° change process. For the relative value of the light transfer efficiency curve of the sample, if the maximum value is σ max and the minimum value is σ min , then the linear polarization sensitivity of the remote sensing instrument 7 is LPS=(σ max -σ min )/(σ max +σ min ).
与现有技术相比，本专利具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, this patent has the following advantages:
1)不需进行退偏处理，没有退偏不完全导致的测量不确定性，测量精度高；1) No need for depolarization treatment, no measurement uncertainty caused by incomplete depolarization, high measurement accuracy;
2)完全偏振光传递，可以实现明确的公式表达，有利于分析测量误差来源；2) Completely polarized light transmission can realize clear formula expression, which is beneficial to analyze the source of measurement error;
3)不存在测量光束分离现象，可用于远程光路测量。3) There is no measurement beam separation phenomenon, which can be used for remote optical path measurement.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为测量遥感仪器的线偏振灵敏度的装置结构示意图，图中1为光源，2为准直透镜组、3为第一起偏器、4为第二起偏器、5为光电探测器、6为保偏扩束镜、7为遥感仪器。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure for measuring the linear polarization sensitivity of a remote sensing instrument, in which 1 is a light source, 2 is a collimator lens group, 3 is a first polarizer, 4 is a second polarizer, 5 is a photodetector, 6 7 is a polarization maintaining beam expander, and 7 is a remote sensing instrument.
图2为光束在测量装置中传输过程的偏振状态变化，图中8为经过准直透镜组2后的部分偏振光，9为经过第一起偏器3后偏振角度为α的线偏振光，10为经过第二起偏器4后偏振角度为β的线偏振光。Fig. 2 is the change of the polarization state of the light beam in the process of transmission in the measuring device, among which 8 is the partially polarized light after passing through the collimating lens group 2, 9 is the linearly polarized light whose polarization angle is α after passing through the first polarizer 3, and 10 is linearly polarized light with a polarization angle of β after passing through the second polarizer 4 .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面根据实例，来说明本专利的具体实施方式。The specific implementation of this patent will be described below according to examples.
如图1所示，测量装置包括光源1、准直透镜组2、第一起偏器3、第二起偏器4、光电探测器5、保偏扩束镜6和遥感仪器7。光源1采用欧司朗12v75w卤素灯，对应电源为稳流电源，光源短时间不稳定性小于0.1％，信噪比大于1000:1；准直透镜组2为熔石英与氟化钙透镜组成的消色差透镜组，消色差范围400-900nm；第一起偏器3和第二起偏器4采用方解石制作的格兰-泰勒棱镜，分别安装在步进马达控制的转台中空轴上，转台的转动角度重复精度优于1′；准直后的光束通光口径小于等于10mm；光电探测器5采用单元的硅探测器，探测面元尺寸为10mm口径；保偏扩束镜6为卡塞格林结构，光线为准直进出，扩束后的光束口径最大可达300mm，反射镜上镀Ag、Al2O3和SiO2的保偏反射膜系，保证任意光线的工作入射角度的偏振灵敏度小于0.1％。将待测遥感仪器7安装在图1所示位置，使光束进入遥感仪器7的视场范围内，从而可以获得各个探测波段的光强值。As shown in FIG. 1 , the measurement device includes a light source 1 , a collimator lens group 2 , a first polarizer 3 , a second polarizer 4 , a photodetector 5 , a polarization maintaining beam expander 6 and a remote sensing instrument 7 . The light source 1 adopts OSRAM 12v75w halogen lamp, the corresponding power supply is a steady current power supply, the short-term instability of the light source is less than 0.1%, and the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 1000:1; the collimator lens group 2 is an achromatic composed of fused silica and calcium fluoride lens Lens group with an achromatic range of 400-900nm; the first polarizer 3 and the second polarizer 4 are Glan-Taylor prisms made of calcite, which are respectively installed on the hollow shaft of the turntable controlled by the stepping motor. The rotation angle of the turntable The repetition accuracy is better than 1′; the aperture of the collimated beam is less than or equal to 10mm; the photodetector 5 adopts a single silicon detector, and the detection panel size is 10mm; the polarization-maintaining beam expander 6 is a Cassegrain structure, The light is collimated in and out, and the maximum beam diameter after beam expansion can reach 300mm. The polarization maintaining reflection film system of Ag, Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 is coated on the mirror to ensure that the polarization sensitivity of any light incident angle is less than 0.1%. . The remote sensing instrument 7 to be tested is installed in the position shown in FIG. 1 , so that the light beam enters the field of view of the remote sensing instrument 7 , so that the light intensity values of each detection band can be obtained.
开始测量遥感仪器7的线偏振灵敏度前，需要进行两个起偏器的起偏角度的校准，步骤如下：安装光电探测器5，设定第一起偏器3转台的当前角度为α＝0°位置，转动所述第二起偏器4并记录下随着第二起偏器4转动而变化的光强曲线，该曲线为关于第二起偏器4起偏角度β的三角函数曲线，将该曲线进行归一化处理，则曲线变成了为cos2β函数曲线，利用三角函数曲线拟合可以精确校β角的位置，记消光角度为β＝90°或270°位置，从而确定了β的基准角度位置；固定第一起偏器3到αn角度，然后转动β角，记录光电探测器5随着β角的光强变化曲线，并进行归一化处理，则归一化后的曲线为函数cos2(β-αn)函数曲线，同时可获得归一化权重为Cn，从而完成了第一起偏器3和第二起偏器4的校准。Before starting to measure the linear polarization sensitivity of the remote sensing instrument 7, it is necessary to carry out the calibration of the polarization angles of the two polarizers, the steps are as follows: install the photodetector 5, set the current angle of the first polarizer 3 turntable as α=0° Position, rotate the second polarizer 4 and record the light intensity curve that changes with the rotation of the second polarizer 4, this curve is a trigonometric function curve about the second polarizer 4 polarization angle β, will The curve is normalized, and the curve becomes a cos 2 β function curve, and the position of the β angle can be accurately corrected by using the trigonometric function curve fitting, and the extinction angle is recorded as the position of β=90° or 270°, thus determining the The reference angle position of β; fix the first polarizer 3 to the α n angle, then rotate the β angle, record the light intensity variation curve of the photodetector 5 along with the β angle, and carry out normalization processing, then the normalized The curve is a function cos 2 (β-α n ) function curve, and the normalized weight can be obtained as C n , thus completing the calibration of the first polarizer 3 and the second polarizer 4 .
卸载掉探测器5，可以直接从遥感仪器获得各个遥感通道的光强探测值，首先将第一起偏器3转到α＝45°位置，转动β角，可以获得任意β角的光强探测值Iout(β)，根据马吕斯定律，可以知道待测遥感仪器的光学效率σ正比于Iout(β)/cos2(β-α)，即σ＝A·Iout(β)/cos2(β-α)，A为权重；设定β＝90°的光学效率σ为1，则可以获得α＝45°时的权重A45相对光学效率曲线。将第一起偏器3转到α＝135°位置，重复以上测量，同样将β＝90°的光学效率σ设为1，可以获得获得α＝135°时的权重A135及相对光学效率曲线。此时，α＝45°和α＝135°状态下测量得到的相对光学效率曲线为同一曲线，根据曲线的信噪比分布进行取舍，对于0°≤β≤90°，取α＝45°的相对光学效率曲线，对于90°≤β≤180°，取α＝135°的相对光学效率曲线，从而获得0°≤β≤180°的遥感仪器的光学效率曲线。设最大值为σmax，最小值为σmin，则遥感仪器7的线偏振灵敏度为LPS＝(σmax-σmin)/(σmax+σmin)。After unloading the detector 5, the light intensity detection value of each remote sensing channel can be obtained directly from the remote sensing instrument. First, turn the first polarizer 3 to the position of α=45°, and rotate the β angle to obtain the light intensity detection value of any β angle I out (β), according to Marius' law, it can be known that the optical efficiency σ of the remote sensing instrument to be measured is proportional to I out (β)/cos 2 (β-α), that is, σ=A·I out (β)/cos 2 (β-α), A is the weight; if the optical efficiency σ of β=90° is set to 1, then the weight A 45 relative optical efficiency curve at α=45° can be obtained. Turn the first polarizer 3 to the position of α=135°, repeat the above measurement, and also set the optical efficiency σ of β=90° to 1, and obtain the weight A 135 and relative optical efficiency curve at α=135°. At this time, the relative optical efficiency curves measured under the conditions of α=45° and α=135° are the same curve, and the selection is made according to the signal-to-noise ratio distribution of the curves. For 0°≤β≤90°, the value of α=45° is selected. For the relative optical efficiency curve, for 90°≤β≤180°, take the relative optical efficiency curve of α=135°, so as to obtain the optical efficiency curve of the remote sensing instrument with 0°≤β≤180°. Assuming the maximum value is σ max and the minimum value is σ min , then the linear polarization sensitivity of the remote sensing instrument 7 is LPS=(σ max −σ min )/(σ max +σ min ).
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| CN105758625A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-07-13 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Device and method for measuring linear polarization sensitivity of remote sensing instrument |
| CN106706273A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Polarized radiation calibration device and realization method thereof |
| CN108955579A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-07 | 深圳精创视觉科技有限公司 | A kind of high-precision optical film absorption axiss measuring device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105758625A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-07-13 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Device and method for measuring linear polarization sensitivity of remote sensing instrument |
| CN105758625B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2018-10-19 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | A kind of device and method for the linear polarization sensitivity measuring remote sensing instrument |
| CN106706273A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-24 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Polarized radiation calibration device and realization method thereof |
| CN108955579A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-07 | 深圳精创视觉科技有限公司 | A kind of high-precision optical film absorption axiss measuring device |
| CN108955579B (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2024-05-24 | 深圳精创视觉科技有限公司 | High-precision optical film absorption axis measuring device |
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