CN205603657U - 熔炼炉 - Google Patents
熔炼炉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205603657U CN205603657U CN201620358882.3U CN201620358882U CN205603657U CN 205603657 U CN205603657 U CN 205603657U CN 201620358882 U CN201620358882 U CN 201620358882U CN 205603657 U CN205603657 U CN 205603657U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- district
- blowing
- smelting
- slag
- smelting furnace
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 61
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 52
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 52
- 241000722270 Regulus Species 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 abstract 4
- 241001417490 Sillaginidae Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 17
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002529 flux Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种熔炼炉，包括：熔炼炉炉底、熔炼烟道和吹炼烟道，熔炼炉炉底上设有物料入口、第一风口、第二风口、第三风口、熔剂入口、熔炼渣出口、吹炼渣出口和熔体出口，熔炼炉炉底内沿水平方向形成渣池区、熔炼区、吹炼区和澄清区，熔炼区自上而下形成熔炼反应区和熔炼熔池区，吹炼区自上而下形成吹炼反应区和吹炼熔池区，熔炼熔池区与渣池区相连通，熔炼熔池区与吹炼熔池区相连通，吹炼熔池区与澄清区相连通，熔炼烟道与熔炼区的顶端相连通、吹炼烟道与吹炼区的顶端相连通。该熔炼炉结构紧凑，占地面积小，并且该熔炼炉尤其适于连续处理铜精矿，所得到的铜锍具有较高的品位，而且炉渣中铜含量较低。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于冶金技术领域，具体而言，本实用新型涉及一种熔炼炉。背景技术
[0002] 目前处理铜精矿得到75%以上的高品位铜锍一般采用闪速熔炼或底吹熔炼的方法或熔炼和吹炼分开的方法(即分别采用熔炼炉和吹炼炉)，然而闪速熔炼或底吹熔炼方法中:闪速熔炼投资高，适合大规模生产，产出到75 %以上的高品位铜锍的同时熔炼渣含铜一般要到3%左右;而底吹熔炼虽然投资略低，但同样存在渣含铜高的问题，一般要到3〜5%。 该方法虽然可以在一台冶金炉内得到高品位铜锍，但由于炉渣含铜高，降低了金属直收率， 增加了生产成本。而在熔炼和吹炼分开的方法中，首先在熔炼炉中产出较低品位的冰铜，然后在吹炼炉中继续吹炼产出高品位铜锍。该方法渣含铜较低，但由于需要两种冶金炉，从设备投资和土建投资而言均有增加;且熔炼到吹炼过程中存在熔体的转运问题，增加了烟气逸散的可能性，尤其是采用转炉吹炼时，熔体转运过程中逸散的烟气对环境造成极大影响。
[0003] 因此，现有的处理铜精矿得到尚品位铜疏的设备有待进一步改进。实用新型内容
[0004] 本实用新型旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本实用新型的一个目的在于提出一种熔炼炉，该熔炼炉结构紧凑，占地面积小，从而可以显著降低投资成本，并且该熔炼炉尤其适于连续处理铜精矿，所得到的铜锍具有较高的品位，而且炉渣中铜含量较低。
[0005] 在本实用新型的一个方面，本实用新型提出了一种熔炼炉。根据本实用新型的实施例，所述恪炼炉包括:
[0006] 熔炼炉炉底，所述熔炼炉炉底内限定出反应空间，所述反应空间沿水平方向依次形成渣池区、熔炼区、吹炼区和澄清区，所述熔炼区自上而下依次形成熔炼反应区和熔炼熔池区，所述吹炼区自上而下依次形成吹炼反应区和吹炼熔池区，所述熔炼区与所述渣池区通过第一隔墙间隔开，并且所述熔炼熔池区与所述渣池区相连通，所述熔炼区和所述吹炼区通过第二隔墙间隔开，并且所述熔炼熔池区与所述吹炼熔池区相连通，所述吹炼区与所述澄清区通过第三隔墙间隔开，并且所述吹炼熔池区与所述澄清区相连通，其中，所述第一隔墙到所述熔炼炉炉底的底部的距离大于所述第二隔墙到所述熔炼炉炉底的底部的距离；
[0007] 熔炼烟道，所述熔炼烟道与所述熔炼区的顶端相连通；
[0008] 吹炼烟道，所述吹炼烟道与所述吹炼区的顶端相连通；
[0009] 物料入口，所述物料入口设在所述熔炼区的顶端；
[0010] 第一风口，所述第一风口设在所述熔炼反应区的侧壁上；
[0011] 第二风口，所述第二风口设在所述熔炼反应区的侧壁上，并且在竖直方向上，所述第二风口位于所述第一风口的上方；
[0012] 第三风口，所述第三风口设在所述吹炼反应区的侧壁上；
[0013] 熔剂入口，所述熔剂入口设在所述吹炼区的顶端；
[0014] 熔炼渣出口，所述熔炼渣出口设在所述渣池区的侧壁上；
[0015] 吹炼渣出口，所述吹炼渣出口设在所述澄清区的侧壁上；以及
[0016] 熔体出口，所述熔体出口设在所述澄清区的侧壁上。[〇〇17]由此，根据本实用新型实施例的熔炼炉结构紧凑，占地面积小，从而可以显著降低投资成本，并且该熔炼炉尤其适于连续处理铜精矿，所得到的铜锍具有较高的品位，而且炉渣中铜含量较低。
[0018] 另外，根据本实用新型上述实施例的熔炼炉还可以具有如下附加的技术特征:
[0019] 任选的，所述熔炼炉包括多个物料入口，所述多个物料入口沿水平方向间隔设在所述熔炼区的顶端。由此，可以显著提高设备处理能力。
[0020] 任选的，所述熔炼炉包括多个第一风口，所述多个第一风口沿水平方向间隔设在所述熔炼反应区的侧壁上。由此，可以显著提高熔炼效率。
[0021] 任选的，所述熔炼炉包括多个第二风口，所述多个第二风口沿水平方向间隔设在所述熔炼反应区的侧壁上。由此，可以燃尽精矿分解后未反应的单质硫和燃料中未反应的碳。[〇〇22]任选的，所述熔炼炉包括多个第三风口，所述多个第三风口沿水平方向间隔设在所述吹炼反应区的侧壁上。由此，可以显著提高吹炼效率。
[0023] 任选的，所述熔炼炉进一步包括:燃料烧嘴，所述燃料烧嘴设在所述渣池区的侧壁上。由此，可以保证设备安全稳定运行。
[0024] 本实用新型的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本实用新型的实践了解到。附图说明
[0025] 本实用新型的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中:
[0026] 图1是根据本实用新型一个实施例的熔炼炉的结构示意图；
[0027] 图2是根据本实用新型再一个实施例的熔炼炉的结构示意图；
[0028] 图3是采用本实用新型一个实施例的熔炼炉制备铜锍的方法流程示意图；
[0029] 图4是采用本实用新型再一个实施例的熔炼炉制备铜锍的方法流程示意图。具体实施方式
[0030] 下面详细描述本实用新型的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本实用新型，而不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。
[0031] 在本实用新型的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、 “顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。
[0032] 此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本实用新型的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
[0033] 在本实用新型中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体;可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。[〇〇34]在本实用新型中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下” 可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
[0035] 在本实用新型的一个方面，本实用新型提出了一种熔炼炉。根据本实用新型的实施例，如图1所示，该熔炼炉包括:熔炼炉炉底100、熔炼烟道200和吹炼烟道300。
[0036] 根据本实用新型的一个实施例，熔炼炉炉底100内限定出反应空间10，反应空间10 沿水平方向依次形成渣池区11、熔炼区12、吹炼区13和澄清区14，熔炼区12自上而下依次形成熔炼反应区15和熔炼熔池区16，吹炼区13自上而下依次形成吹炼反应区17和吹炼熔池区 18。[〇〇37]根据本实用新型的一个实施例，熔炼区12与渣池区11通过第一隔墙19间隔开，即熔炼区12和渣池区11之间设置有第一隔墙19,并且熔炼熔池区16与渣池区11相连通。具体的，第一隔墙19的下端至熔炼炉炉底100内的底部存在适当的距离，从而可以实现熔炼熔池区16与渣池区11相连通。需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要对第一隔墙的具体类型进行选择，例如可以为水套隔墙。[〇〇38]根据本实用新型的再一个实施例，熔炼区12和吹炼区13通过第二隔墙20间隔开， 即熔炼区12和吹炼区13之间设置有第二隔墙，并且熔炼熔池区16与吹炼熔池区18相连通。 具体的，第二隔墙20的下端至熔炼炉炉底100内的底部存在适当的距离，从而可以实现熔炼熔池区16与吹炼熔池区18相连通。需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要对第二隔墙的具体类型进行选择，例如可以为水套隔墙。
[0039]根据本实用新型的又一个具体实施例，第一隔墙到熔炼炉炉底的底部的距离大于第二隔墙到熔炼炉炉底的底部的距离。由此，当熔炼渣和熔炼熔体存在比重差异而实现自然分层后，熔炼渣由于比重较小而浮在熔炼熔体上方，熔炼渣经第一隔墙与熔炼炉炉底底部的空间而进入到渣池区，而由于第二隔墙与熔炼炉炉底底部距离较近，阻挡了熔炼渣进入到吹炼反区中，而其中的熔炼熔体则可进入到吹炼熔池区中。具体的，可以根据熔炼过程中熔炼渣和熔炼熔体的分层情况而设置第一隔墙和第二隔墙至熔炼炉炉底底部的距离，只要可以满足熔炼渣的分离即可。
[0040] 根据本实用新型的又一个具体实施例，吹炼区13与澄清区14通过第三隔墙21间隔开，即吹炼区13与澄清区14之间设置有第三隔墙21，并且吹炼熔池区18与澄清区14相连通。 具体的，第三隔墙21的下端至熔炼炉炉底100内的底部存在适当的距离，从而可以实现吹炼熔池区18与澄清区14相连通。需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要对第三隔墙的具体类型进行选择，例如可以为水套隔墙。
[0041] 根据本实用新型的实施例，熔炼炉炉底100上设有物料入口 101、第一风口 102、第二风口 103、第三风口 104、熔剂入口 105、熔炼渣出口 106、吹炼渣出口 107和熔体出口 108。
[0042] 根据本实用新型的一个具体实施例，物料入口 101可以设在熔炼区12的顶端，且适于将混合物料供给至熔炼区中。根据本实用新型的具体示例，物料入口可以为多个，并且多个物料入口可以沿水平方向间隔设在熔炼区的顶端。
[0043] 根据本实用新型的再一个实施例，第一风口 102可以设在熔炼反应区15的侧壁上， 且适于向熔炼反应区中供给富氧空气，以便使得混合物料在富氧条件下发生反应得到含有熔炼渣和熔炼熔体的混合产物。根据本实用新型的具体示例，第一风口可以为多个，并且多个第一风口可以沿着水平方向间隔设在熔炼反应区的侧壁上。
[0044] 根据本实用新型的又一个实施例，第二风口 103可以设在熔炼反应区15的侧壁上， 并且在竖直方向上，第二风口 103可以位于第一风口 102的上方，且适于向熔炼反应区中供给常氧空气，使熔炼过程中产生的单质硫与氧气发生反应生成二氧化硫，同时也可使煤中未充分燃烧而产生的一氧化碳与常氧空气发生反应生成二氧化碳，从而消除单质硫和一氧化碳对后续制酸工序造成的不良影响。根据本实用新型的具体示例，第二风口可以为多个， 并且多个第二风口可以沿着水平方向间隔设在熔炼反应区的侧壁上。
[0045] 根据本实用新型的又一个实施例，第三风口 104可以设在吹炼反应区17的侧壁上， 且适于向吹炼反应区中供给富氧空气，以便使得熔炼熔体在富氧条件下发生继续反应，从而可以得到高品位的熔体。根据本实用新型的具体示例，第三风口可以为多个，并且多个第三风口可以沿着水平方向间隔设在吹炼反应区的侧壁上。
[0046] 根据本实用新型的又一个具体实施例，熔剂入口 105可以设在吹炼区13的顶端，且适于向吹炼区中供给熔剂，以便使得熔剂与熔炼熔体混合发生反应。
[0047] 根据本实用新型的又一个具体实施例，熔炼渣出口 106可以设在渣池区11的侧壁上，且适于排出渣池区中的熔炼渣。具体的，熔炼渣出口可以设在渣池区侧壁上的高于渣池区中熔炼熔体的位置。
[0048] 根据本实用新型又一个具体实施例，吹炼渣出口 107可以设在澄清区14的侧壁上， 且适于排出澄清区中的吹炼渣。具体的，吹炼渣出口可以设在澄清区侧壁上的高于澄清区中的熔体的位置，并且该吹炼渣出口可以与物料入口相连，以便将熔炼渣供给至熔炼区继续进行熔炼处理。
[0049] 根据本实用新型的又一个具体实施例，熔体出口 108可以设在澄清区14的侧壁上， 且适于排出澄清区中的高品位熔体。具体的，熔体出口可以设在澄清区侧壁上的靠近底部的位置。
[0050] 根据本实用新型的实施例，熔炼烟道200可以与熔炼区12的顶端相连通，且适于将熔炼反应区中产生的熔炼烟气排出熔炼区，并将该熔炼烟气供给至后续工序继续处理。
[0051] 根据本实用新型的实施例，吹炼烟道300与吹炼区13的顶端相连通，且适于将吹炼反应区中产生的吹炼烟气排出吹炼区，并将该吹炼烟气供给至后续工序继续处理。
[0052] 发明人发现，通过在熔炼炉炉底内部设置隔墙将反应空间分为不同的反应区，并且通过在不同的反应区侧壁上设置风口，使得在熔炼反应区中产生的熔体在吹炼反应区中继续进行熔炼处理，从而在单台熔炼炉中就可以制备得到高品位的熔体，并且由于绝大部分炉渣在熔炼区产生，而熔炼区的冰铜品位较低，熔炼炉渣夹带的铜量少；同时在吹炼区虽然冰铜品位高，但渣量少，吹炼渣夹带的铜量相应较少，这样就从总体上控制了炉渣中的铜量，从而显著降低炉渣中有价金属含量，其次由于整个反应均在一个熔炼炉炉底内部进行， 因此使得该熔炼炉结构紧凑，占地面积小，从而可以显著降低投资成本，并且该熔炼炉尤其适于连续处理铜精矿，并且所得到的铜锍具有较高的品位(高于75wt%)，而且炉渣中铜含量较低，较现有的处理铜精矿设备相比，本实用新型的熔炼炉可以解决现有技术中为实现在产出高品位铜锍的同时得到含铜量较低的炉渣不得不采用两个冶金炉的问题，并且该熔炼炉特别适合于30万吨即以下规模的矿铜冶炼厂。
[0053] 参考图2,根据本实用新型实施例的熔炼炉进一步包括:燃料烧嘴109:[〇〇54]根据本实用新型的实施例，燃料烧嘴109可以设在渣池区的侧壁上。由此，可以根据需要向渣池区中供给燃料，以便保持渣池区的温度稳定，从而可以保证设备安全稳定运行。
[0055]为了方便理解，下面以采用本实用新型实施例的熔炼炉处理铜精矿的过程进行详细描述。[〇〇56]首先，将铜精矿(含水量不高于12wt%，粒度不高于50mm)、熔剂(石英砂)和固体燃料(煤)经计算机系统自动进行配比完后配料，得到混合物料，然后将该混合物料经胶带运送系统送至熔炼炉炉顶后经物料入口供给至熔炼区中，同时通过第一风口向熔炼反应区中供给富氧空气(氧气浓度不低于70体积％ )，通过第二风口向熔炼反应区中供给常氧空气， 使得混合物料在富氧气氛下于熔炼反应区发生剧烈反应，并且熔炼反应区中产生的单质硫和/或一氧化碳在上升过程中与第二风口鼓入的常氧空气继续发生反应，从而可以得到熔炼烟气以及含有熔炼渣和粗铜锍熔体的混合产物，得到的熔炼烟气经熔炼烟道排出后进入到余热锅炉中回收烟气余热，然后进入后续的收尘及制酸系统，而得到的含有熔炼渣和粗铜锍熔体的混合产物在熔炼熔池区进行自然沉降，由于熔炼渣和粗铜锍熔体比重差异而实现熔炼渣和粗铜锍熔体的分层，熔炼渣由于比重较低而位于粗铜锍熔体的上方，熔炼渣经第一隔墙进入到渣池区，并且根据需要通过燃料喷嘴向渣池区中喷入燃料(煤粉)对渣池区中进行保温，并将得到的熔炼渣(铜含量低于1.2wt% )经熔炼渣出口排入到渣包中，然后用渣包车把熔炼渣送至缓冷工序进行处理，而粗熔炼熔体(品位不高于60wt%)经第二隔墙进入到吹炼区，同时通过第三风口向吹炼区中供给富氧空气(氧气浓度为25〜35体积％ )，通过溶剂入口供给石英砂，使得粗铜锍熔体在吹炼反应区继续进行反应，得到吹炼烟气以及含有铜锍熔体和吹炼渣的混合产物，得到的吹炼烟气经吹炼烟道排出后进入到余热锅炉中回收烟气余热，然后进入后续的收尘及制酸系统，而得到的含有铜锍熔体和吹炼渣的混合产物在吹炼熔池区进行自然沉降，吹炼渣较轻浮在铜锍熔体的上方，并且沉降后的含有铜锍熔体和吹炼渣的混合产物经第三隔墙进入到澄清区中进行澄清分离，得到的铜锍熔体 (品位高于78wt % )经熔体出口排出进入下一道工序，而吹炼渣(含铜量为2.8wt % )经吹炼渣出口排出并经缓冷破碎后经物料入口返回熔炼区继续进行熔炼处理。
[0057]为了进一步方便理解，下面参考图3对采用本实用新型实施例的熔炼炉制备铜锍的方法进行详细描述。根据本实用新型的实施例，该方法包括:[〇〇58] S100:将含有铜精矿、熔剂和固体燃料的混合物料经所述物料入口供给至所述熔炼区，并且经所述第一风口向所述熔炼反应区供给第一空气，经所述第二风口向所述熔炼反应区中供给第二空气，以便使得所述混合物料在所述熔炼反应区发生反应，得到熔炼烟气以及含有熔炼渣和粗铜锍熔体的混合产物，并将所述熔炼烟气经所述熔炼烟道排出； [〇〇59] S200:将所述含有熔炼渣和粗铜锍熔体的混合产物在所述熔炼熔池区进行自然沉降；
[0060] S300:将步骤S200分离得到的熔炼渣供给至所述渣池区；[〇〇61] S400:将步骤S200分离得到的粗铜锍熔体供给至所述吹炼区，同时通过所述第三空气向所述吹炼反应区供给第三空气，通过熔剂入口向所述吹炼区供给熔剂，以便使得所述粗铜锍熔体发生反应，得到吹炼烟气以及含有铜锍熔体和吹炼渣的混合产物，并将所述吹炼烟气经所述吹炼烟道排出；[〇〇62] S500:将所述含有铜锍熔体和吹炼渣的混合产物在吹炼熔池区进行自然沉降；以及[〇〇63] S600:将步骤S500得到的自然沉降后的混合产物供给至所述澄清区进行澄清处理，以便分别得到铜锍熔体和吹炼渣，并将所述铜锍熔体经所述熔体出口排出，将所述吹炼渣经所述吹炼渣出口排出。[〇〇64]根据本实用新型的实施例，在步骤S100中，所述第一空气中氧气浓度不低于70体积％。由此，可以显著提高熔炼效率。[〇〇65]根据本实用新型的实施例，在步骤S400中，所述第三空气中氧气浓度为25〜35体积％。由此，可以显著提高吹炼效率。[〇〇66]由此，根据本实用新型实施例的制备铜锍的方法通过采用上述熔炼炉进行处理， 可以制备得到高品位的铜锍(品位78wt%)，并且所得到的炉渣中铜含量较低。
[0067]参考图4,根据本实用新型实施例的熔炼炉制备铜锍的方法进一步包括:[〇〇68] S700:通过所述燃料烧嘴向所述渣池区供给燃料，以便保持所述渣池区的温度。
[0069] 在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本实用新型的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
[0070] 尽管上面已经示出和描述了本实用新型的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本实用新型的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本实用新型的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (6)
1.一种熔炼炉，其特征在于，包括:熔炼炉炉底，所述熔炼炉炉底内限定出反应空间，所述反应空间沿水平方向依次形成 渣池区、熔炼区、吹炼区和澄清区，所述熔炼区自上而下依次形成熔炼反应区和熔炼熔池 区，所述吹炼区自上而下依次形成吹炼反应区和吹炼熔池区，所述熔炼区与所述渣池区通 过第一隔墙间隔开，并且所述熔炼熔池区与所述渣池区相连通，所述熔炼区和所述吹炼区 通过第二隔墙间隔开，并且所述熔炼熔池区与所述吹炼熔池区相连通，所述吹炼区与所述 澄清区通过第三隔墙间隔开，并且所述吹炼熔池区与所述澄清区相连通，其中，所述第一隔 墙到所述熔炼炉炉底的底部的距离大于所述第二隔墙到所述熔炼炉炉底的底部的距离；熔炼烟道，所述熔炼烟道与所述熔炼区的顶端相连通；吹炼烟道，所述吹炼烟道与所述吹炼区的顶端相连通；物料入口，所述物料入口设在所述熔炼区的顶端；第一风口，所述第一风口设在所述熔炼反应区的侧壁上；第二风口，所述第二风口设在所述熔炼反应区的侧壁上，并且在竖直方向上，所述第二 风口位于所述第一风口的上方；第三风口，所述第三风口设在所述吹炼反应区的侧壁上；熔剂入口，所述熔剂入口设在所述吹炼区的顶端；熔炼渣出口，所述熔炼渣出口设在所述渣池区的侧壁上；吹炼渣出口，所述吹炼渣出口设在所述澄清区的侧壁上；以及 熔体出口，所述熔体出口设在所述澄清区的侧壁上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，包括多个物料入口，所述多个物料入口 沿水平方向间隔设在所述熔炼区的顶端。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，包括多个第一风口，所述多个第一风 口沿水平方向间隔设在所述熔炼反应区的侧壁上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，包括多个第二风口，所述多个第二风口 沿水平方向间隔设在所述熔炼反应区的侧壁上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，包括多个第三风口，所述多个第三风口 沿水平方向间隔设在所述吹炼反应区的侧壁上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的熔炼炉，其特征在于，进一步包括:燃料烧嘴，所述燃料烧嘴设 在所述渣池区的侧壁上。
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