CN205583825U - Adopt distribution network of four times a set of alternately contact wiring - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an adopt distribution network of four times a set of alternately contact wiring, including the four ways generating line, article four, power supply line, four outlet switch, four interconnection switch and a 4N section switch, four outlet switch set up respectively on four power supply lines, and every outlet switch all sets up the nearly generating line end at the power supply line, connect through interconnection switch K1 between generating line A and the generating line B, connect through interconnection switch K2 between generating line C and the generating line D, connect through interconnection switch K4 between generating line A and the generating line D, connect through interconnection switch K3 between generating line B and the generating line C, and connection bus A and generating line D's first connecting wire and connection bus B and generating line C's second connecting wire crossing is UNICOM not just, all set up a N section switch on every power supply line, four interconnection switch are normally open switch, a 4N section switch is the normally closed switch. Realize that service reliability is high, the load expansibility is good, the low -priced advantage of just being convenient for operation and management of construction cost.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to power domain, uses four times one group of intersection contacts in particular it relates to a kind of
The power distribution network of wiring.
Background technology
At present, the structure comparison of domestic each department power distribution network is numerous and diverse, and the common mode of connection of power distribution network has:
Single Radiation, biradial shape, Single-ring network and the many contacts of multistage, also 1/3 or 1/4 looped network.At present
The power distribution network mode of connection mostly to have two big extreme: 1, the mode of connection of power distribution network is excessively simple,
Stand-by power supply is few, and power supply reliability is the highest；2, power distribution network wiring is the most complicated, power grid construction cost
Height, is not easy to management and running, and load factor is low, causes the waste of power equipment.
The mode of connection of existing power distribution network, usually can not meet distribution network construction economy and confession simultaneously
Electricity reliability.The structure relatively simple power distribution network mode of connection, construction cost is relatively low, power supply reliability
General the highest；The power distribution network that the mode of connection is more complicated, builds and maintenance cost is the highest, and deposits
Power equipment fails situation about fully being used, and causes the waste of resource.
Power distribution network list radiation wiring as shown in Figure 1, the distribution line of this mode of connection, only one tunnel
Inlet wire bus, its advantage is favorable expandability, and load can access in power circuit ascender line, and engineering is made
Valency is low.But, its power supply reliability is relatively low, and fault incidence is relatively big, do not have stand-by power supply or
In the case of person supply line, once break down, it will cause part line outage, when fault is sent out
Raw near mains side, it might even be possible to cause whole piece line outage；Circuit turns low for rate, single radiation
The typically no interconnection switch in road, interconnection form contact with All other routes, and supply load is difficult to turn and confesses
Going, (medium-voltage line can turn power supply rate=can turn confession to reduce the power supply rate that turns of power distribution network to a certain extent
Circuit always returns number/circuit and always returns number × 100%)；Single radial line load factor is higher, along with load
Increasing, distribution line constantly extends, and is susceptible to overload phenomenon, needs if desired to change supply transformer.
Power distribution network wiring is more complicated such as: cable system dual-ring network wiring, as shown in Figure 2:
Double-loop network wiring mode is similar to the combination of the Single-ring network mode of connection, can be that each user provides two
Road power supply, and often road power supply has two-way inlet wire, when either segment cable run or ring-main unit occur
When fault or maintenance, by grid switching operation, user's uninterrupted power supply can be ensured.
Power supply reliability is high, and weak point is investment height, and each electricity consumer is required for individually building distribution
Cabinet, adds the construction cost of electrical network, and capacity utilization is the lowest, and its four roads bus has two-way female
Line, generally cannot be powered for ensureing power supply reliability as stand-by power supply, its electric power
The utilization rate of capacity is only 50% (calculating according to N-1 principle).
For another example, common N confession one is for wiring, as shown in Figure 3:
N supplies one for the mode of connection, it is simply that refers to that N bar cable run is linked to be cable ring-system, wherein has one
Circuit exists as public unloaded extension wire, the redundance unit as electrical network, other circuit conduct
Main supply line, can power at full capacity.When wherein certain working line breaks down, by
Extension wire continues to power the load on faulty line.Fig. 3 median generatrix III is stand-by power supply.
Along with the difference of " N " value, the power supply capacity of its wiring, reliability and load factor are the most not
With.Wherein more with " three is standby for one " and " four is standby for one " mode of connection application, load factor is respectively
It is 75% and 80%.The advantage of this mode of connection is: power supply reliability has had certain raising, but
Construction costs considerably increases, and has a circuit as public unloaded extension wire, as electrical network
Redundance unit exists, and to line powering, can not cause the waste of power equipment under normal circumstances,
And when two-way power circuit outlet fault, it is difficult to ensure that the normal power supply of load.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is, for the problems referred to above, proposes one and uses four times one group of intersections
The power distribution network of contact wiring, high to realize power supply reliability, load favorable expandability, construction cost is cheap
And be easy to run and the advantage of management.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:
A kind of power distribution network using four times one group of intersection contact wiring, including four road buses, four power supplies
Circuit, four outlet switchs, four interconnection switches and 4N block switch, described four road buses divide
Not Wei bus A, bus B, bus C and bus D, described four supply lines are respectively the first confession
Electric line, the second supply line, the 3rd supply line and the 4th supply line, described first supply lines
Road is connected with bus A, and described second supply line is connected with bus B, described 3rd supply line
Being connected with bus C, described 4th supply line is connected with bus D, and described four interconnection switches divide
Not Wei interconnection switch K1, interconnection switch K2, interconnection switch K3 and interconnection switch K4, described four
Outlet switch is separately positioned in four supply lines, and each outlet switch is arranged at supply line
Nearly bus end, connected by interconnection switch K1 between described bus A and bus B, described bus
Connected by interconnection switch K2 between C and bus D, by connection between described bus A and bus D
Network switch K4 connects, and is connected by interconnection switch K3 between described bus B and bus C, and even
The first connecting line meeting bus A and bus D is handed over the second connecting line being connected bus B and bus C
Fork leap and not UNICOM, Mei Tiao supply line is respectively provided with N number of block switch, and described four contacts are opened
Closing is normal open switch, and described 4N block switch is normally closed switch.
Preferably, described four road buses are connected with four transformer stations respectively.
Preferably, described bus A and bus B is all connected with the first transformer station, described bus C and
Bus D is all connected with the second transformer station.
Preferably, described N is 2, and 8 block switches respectively block switch A1, segmentations are opened
Pass A2, block switch B1, block switch B2, block switch C1, block switch C2, segmentation are opened
Close D1 and block switch D2, described block switch A1 and block switch A2 and be arranged on the first power supply
On circuit, described block switch B1 and block switch B2 is arranged in the second supply line, described point
Duan Kaiguan C1 and block switch C2 is arranged in the 3rd supply line, described block switch D1 and point
Duan Kaiguan D2 is arranged in the 4th supply line.
Preferably, the node between described block switch A1 and block switch A2 and the first connecting line
One end connect, the node between described block switch D1 and block switch D2 and the first connecting line
The other end connect, the node between described block switch B1 and block switch B2 and the second connecting line
One end connect, node between described block switch C1 and block switch C2 and the second connecting line
The other end connects, and described interconnection switch K3 is arranged on the first connecting line, described interconnection switch K4
It is arranged on the second connecting line.
Preferably, described four outlet switchs are respectively as follows: outlet switch KA, outlet switch KB, go out
Wiretap KC and outlet switch KD, described outlet switch KA are arranged in the first supply line,
Described outlet switch KB is arranged in the second supply line, and described outlet switch KC is arranged on the 3rd
In supply line, described outlet switch KD is arranged in the 4th supply line.
The technical solution of the utility model has the advantages that
The power supply reliability of (1) four time one group of intersection contact power distribution network is high.
(2) line load rate is high, and utilization rate of equipment and installations is high, it is not necessary to additionally increases auxiliary bus-bar, subtracts
Lack construction cost.
(3) the load transfer approach of circuit is more, and management and running are flexible.
Below by drawings and Examples, the technical solution of the utility model is done and further retouches in detail
State.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing single structural representation radiating wiring power distribution network；
Fig. 2 is existing cable net double-loop network wiring mode schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that cable system three supplies one for wiring schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the power distribution network of the four times one group of intersection contact wiring of employing described in this utility model embodiment
Structural representation.
In figure,Indication transformer outlet switch (normally closed), ● representing normally closed switch, zero represents
Normal open switch.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment of the present utility model is illustrated, it will be appreciated that herein
Described preferred embodiment is merely to illustrate and explains this utility model, is not used to limit this practicality
Novel.
A kind of power distribution network using four times one group of intersection contact wiring, including four road buses, four power supplies
Circuit, four outlet switchs, four interconnection switches and 4N block switch, described four road buses divide
Not Wei bus A, bus B, bus C and bus D, described four supply lines are respectively the first confession
Electric line, the second supply line, the 3rd supply line and the 4th supply line, described first supply lines
Road is connected with bus A, and described second supply line is connected with bus B, described 3rd supply line
Being connected with bus C, described 4th supply line is connected with bus D, and described four interconnection switches divide
Not Wei interconnection switch K1, interconnection switch K2, interconnection switch K3 and interconnection switch K4, described four
Outlet switch is separately positioned in four supply lines, and each outlet switch is arranged at supply line
Nearly bus end, connected by interconnection switch K1 between described bus A and bus B, described bus
Connected by interconnection switch K2 between C and bus D, by connection between described bus A and bus D
Network switch K4 connects, and is connected by interconnection switch K3 between described bus B and bus C, and even
The first connecting line meeting bus A and bus D is handed over the second connecting line being connected bus B and bus C
Fork leap and not UNICOM, Mei Tiao supply line is respectively provided with N number of block switch, and described four contacts are opened
Closing is normal open switch, and described 4N block switch is normally closed switch.
Wherein, four road buses are connected with four transformer stations respectively.Or, bus A and bus B is equal
Being connected with the first transformer station, bus C and bus D is all connected with the second transformer station.
Preferably, N is 2, and 8 block switches be respectively block switch A1, block switch A2,
Block switch B1, block switch B2, block switch C1, block switch C2, block switch D1
It is arranged in the first supply line with block switch D2, block switch A1 and block switch A2, point
Duan Kaiguan B1 and block switch B2 is arranged in the second supply line, and block switch C1 and segmentation are left
Closing C2 to be arranged in the 3rd supply line, block switch D1 and block switch D2 is arranged on the 4th confession
In electric line.
Node and one end of the first connecting line between block switch A1 and block switch A2 connect,
Node and the other end of the first connecting line between block switch D1 and block switch D2 connect, point
Node and one end of the second connecting line between Duan Kaiguan B1 and block switch B2 connect, block switch
Node and the other end of the second connecting line between C1 and block switch C2 connect, and interconnection switch
K3 is arranged on the first connecting line, and interconnection switch K4 is arranged on the second connecting line.
Four outlet switchs be respectively as follows: outlet switch KA, outlet switch KB, outlet switch KC and
Outlet switch KD, outlet switch KA are arranged in the first supply line, and outlet switch KB is arranged
In the second supply line, outlet switch KC is arranged in the 3rd supply line, outlet switch KD
It is arranged in the 4th supply line.
Under normal circumstances, bus A supply district is at outlet switch KA to interconnection switch K1,
Bus B supply district is at outlet switch KB to interconnection switch K1, and bus C supply district is from going out
At wiretap KC to interconnection switch K2, bus D supply district is opened from outlet switch KD to contact
Close at K2；
Four interconnection switches are the most all off, when in four road buses and four supply lines
Part bus or supply line when breaking down, by disconnecting block switch and Guan Bi interconnection switch,
Carry out grid switching operation, recover circuit normal power supply.
As shown in Figure 4, this mode of connection can be overhead transmission line, it is also possible to select cable run to power.
Circuit has four road buses and is powered, and ordinary circumstance Down Highway A and bus B is from same power transformation
Standing, bus C and bus D is from another transformer station, for the load of particular importance, Ke Yisi
Bar bus both is from different transformer stations, to improve the power supply reliability of circuit further.Article four, bus
Giving one section of line powering respectively, the supply line of every bus is switched on and off and is divided into multistage, generally
It is three sections, for isolated fault circuit, it is ensured that regular link normal power supply, as supply line head,
When radius of electricity supply is bigger, can be four segmentations.By interconnection switch K1 between bus A and bus B
Connect, connected by interconnection switch K2 between bus C and bus D, bus A and bus D it
Between connected by interconnection switch K4, connected by interconnection switch K3 between bus B and bus C,
Scissors crossing between interconnection L1 L4, L2 L3, Shi Bu UNICOM, to ensure supply line's phase
The most unaffected.
Under normal circumstances, bus A supply district is at outlet switch KA to interconnection switch K1,
Bus B supply district is at outlet switch KB to interconnection switch K1, and bus C supply district is
At outlet switch KC to interconnection switch K2, bus D supply district be from outlet switch KD to
At interconnection switch K2.
Interconnection switch is off under normal circumstances, when some bus and supply line break down,
Grid switching operation can be carried out by disconnecting block switch and Guan Bi interconnection switch, recovers circuit and normally supply
Electricity.Such as: bus A breaks down, it is impossible to during power supply, outlet switch KA can be disconnected, Guan Bi
Interconnection switch K1, load is directly turned confession by bus B；Outlet switch KA and switch can also be disconnected
A2, Guan Bi interconnection switch K1 and switch K4, powered to circuit A2 K1 section by bus B, by
Circuit KA A2 section is powered by bus D.When circuit A1 A2 section breaks down, disconnect switch
A1 and outlet A2, Guan Bi switch K1, isolated fault circuit A1 A2 section, by non-fault line
A2 K1 is turned confession by bus B.
Load factor is analyzed:
Load factor refers generally to total supply load and the specified total capacity of its converting equipment of certain power supply area
Ratio, the load factor of power distribution network can also be expressed as the work current-carrying capacity on average every loop line road with specified
The ratio of current-carrying capacity.According to statistics, the load factor of Germany, France, Japan and North America power distribution network is general
Maintaining 60% to 70%, far above the average level of China's power distribution network, but its power distribution network is powered reliably
Property level is in prostatitis, the world.Therefore, the load factor of power distribution network is maintained reasonable level, and with appropriately
The mode of connection combine, to improve power distribution network power supply reliability tool be of great significance.
The planning of power distribution network, dispatch and build and generally follow " N-1 " safety criterion." N-1 " safety
Criterion be by adjust electrical network the mode of connection and control electrical network properly functioning time high capacity rate
Tmax reaches.Power distribution network mostly is many segmentations, multi-link opening network, for isolated fault, protects
Card non-faulting section normal power supply, maximum load rate when circuit is properly functioning should control be:
Wherein, G is line load rate；K is that circuit allows Overflow RateHT in short-term, typically takes 1.0～1.3,
For ensureing the maximum safety coefficient of operation of power networks, take K=1；P is circuit rated capacity (kW)；M
The peak load that may shift when stopping transport for circuit spare capacity (kW), i.e. adjacent lines fault.
Shown in four times one group of intersection contact wiring diagrams 4, block switch is respectively by circuit A, B, C, D
Being divided into three sections, if every section of power load is P, under normal circumstances, four road bussed supply capacity are 3P.
When bus breaks down, circuit needs the load turning confession maximum, it is assumed that bus A breaks down,
There is a following two situation:
1) do not carry out grid switching operation and directly turn confession:
Bus A fault, disconnects and switch KA occurs, close interconnection switch K1, and load is directly by mother
Line B turns confession.The spare capacity that bus B needs is 3P, and rated capacity is 6P.
2) grid switching operation is once:
Bus A fault, disconnects switch KA and A2, closes interconnection switch K1 and K4, by bus
Circuit A2 K1 section is powered by B, bus D power circuit KA A2 section.
It can thus be appreciated that: under this mode of connection, power distribution network can carry out load transfer, at non-faulting bus
Between carry out the grid switching operation of necessity, can be effectively improved the load factor of circuit, reduce spare capacity,
Improve utilization rate of equipment and installations, improve the economy of distribution network construction.
Power supply reliability: because the supply line of bus A, B, C, D is symmetrical, so only needing
Analyze the power supply reliability of each bus.Fault statistics number to most domestic local distribution network
According to department of State Grid Specification, sum up single busbar in power distribution network, double-bus, built on stilts
Circuit, cable run, power distribution cabinet annual power off time parameter, and combine China's various places power distribution network
Statistical data, is corrected, and obtains table 1.(data can be entered by various places as the case may be
Row is revised further).
| Classification | λ | r | t |
| Aerial line | 0.19851 | 7.033 | |
| Cable | 0.06493 | 8.843 | |
| Single busbar | 0.1667 | ||
| Double-bus | 0.0833 | ||
| Power distribution cabinet | 0.07492 | 7.333 |
Table 1, power distribution network power off time parameter.
In table 1: every kilometer of circuit that λ added up in units of year or the outage rate of single device, bag
Include scheduled outage and fault outage.Unit: secondary/km × year or secondary/platform × year.
R circuit or the average power off time of equipment fault, unit: hour；
The average annual power off time of t power failure, double including single supply power off time and dual power supply power off time
The power outage time, unit of account: hour.
The average power off time of user (Average interruption hours of customer, AIHC),
It is the important indicator judging power supply reliability:
Electricity reliability (Reliability on service, RS).Within the statistics phase, during power supply effective to user
Between total hourage and the ratio of statistics period hours number, be denoted as RS, it may be assumed that
If the number of users of the time (hourage) of statistics and statistics amass as number during family, A represent.
Number during total during statistics family:
AN=365 × 24 × N=8760 × N,
N is the number of users of whole circuit.Assume that line length is L (kilometer), line load average mark
Cloth, every kilometer of line user number is Ni, then N=Ni × L.
Customer outage hours can by user have a power failure family time number represent:
A=∑ λ × r × Li × Ni+tNq,
Wherein: the length of Li faulty line, unit: kilometer；
Nq is because of the affected number of users of power failure.
The power off time of the different modes of connection is divided into: line fault (includes scheduled overhaul and maintenance)
The power off time that the power off time that causes, power failure (including scheduled overhaul and maintenance) cause, point
Do not represent with A1, A2.
Assume that power distribution network have employed overhead transmission line, the supply line of bus A is uniform-distribution with N number of
Electricity consumer.Circuit is divided into three sections, every section respectively occur power-off fault time, affected user is
N/3, and additionally the user of 2N/3 continues power supply by Guan Bi interconnection switch, during power failure family, number is
L×N×λ1×r/9.When bus has a power failure, circuit can continue power supply by load transfer, when user has a power failure
Between the shortest, equal to the time of circuit grid switching operation, can ignore；But when two-way bus breaks down,
Circuit can not normal power supply, still set L=3km, can obtain:
Therefore, the average power off time of user: 1.4780h/.
The power supply reliability RS of four times one group of wiring is:
It is reliable to power supply that the power supply reliability of the overhead transmission line of this mode of connection meets domestic power distribution network
The requirement of rate " three nine ", i.e. power supply reliability is more than 99.9%, when circuit uses cable power supply
Power supply reliability can be higher, and reliability is more than 99.99%.
Economic analysis: four times one group intersect contact wiring and need not also assume that auxiliary bus-bar, every
Load under normal circumstances, is all being powered by bus, it is only necessary to leave certain standby appearance on bus
Amount, greatly reduces construction cost, and the load transfer approach of circuit is more, facilitates management and running.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, not
For limiting this utility model, although this utility model having been carried out specifically with reference to previous embodiment
Bright, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be to the skill described in foregoing embodiments
Art scheme is modified, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent.All new in this practicality
Within the spirit of type and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in
Within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. the power distribution network using four times one group of intersection contact wiring, it is characterised in that include four
Road bus, four supply lines, four outlet switchs, four interconnection switches and 4N block switch,
Described four road buses are respectively bus A, bus B, bus C and bus D, described four supply lines
Road is respectively the first supply line, the second supply line, the 3rd supply line and the 4th supply line,
Described first supply line is connected with bus A, and described second supply line is connected with bus B, institute
Stating the 3rd supply line to be connected with bus C, described 4th supply line is connected with bus D, described
Four interconnection switch respectively interconnection switch K1, interconnection switch K2, interconnection switch K3 and contact are opened
Closing K4, described four outlet switchs are separately positioned in four supply lines, and each outlet switch
It is arranged at the nearly bus end of supply line, between described bus A and bus B, passes through interconnection switch
K1 connects, and is connected by interconnection switch K2, described bus A between described bus C and bus D
And connected by interconnection switch K4 between bus D, by contact between described bus B and bus C
Switch K3 connect, and connect bus A and bus D the first connecting line be connected bus B and bus
The second connecting line scissors crossing of C and not UNICOM, Mei Tiao supply line is respectively provided with N number of block switch,
Described four interconnection switches are normal open switch, and described 4N block switch is normally closed switch.
The power distribution network of four times one group of intersection contact wiring of employing the most according to claim 1, its
Being characterised by, described four road buses are connected with four transformer stations respectively.
The power distribution network of four times one group of intersection contact wiring of employing the most according to claim 1, its
Being characterised by, described bus A and bus B is all connected with the first transformer station, described bus C and mother
Line D is all connected with the second transformer station.
4. according to the power distribution network of four times one group of intersection contact wiring of the employing described in Claims 2 or 3,
It is characterized in that, described N is 2, and 8 block switches respectively block switch A1, segmentations are opened
Pass A2, block switch B1, block switch B2, block switch C1, block switch C2, segmentation are opened
Close D1 and block switch D2, described block switch A1 and block switch A2 and be arranged on the first power supply
On circuit, described block switch B1 and block switch B2 is arranged in the second supply line, described point
Duan Kaiguan C1 and block switch C2 is arranged in the 3rd supply line, described block switch D1 and point
Duan Kaiguan D2 is arranged in the 4th supply line.
The power distribution network of four times one group of intersection contact wiring of employing the most according to claim 4, its
It is characterised by, node between described block switch A1 and block switch A2 and the first connecting line
One end connects, node between described block switch D1 and block switch D2 and the first connecting line
The other end connects, node between described block switch B1 and block switch B2 and the second connecting line
One end connects, node between described block switch C1 and block switch C2 and the second connecting line another
One end connects, and described interconnection switch K3 is arranged on the first connecting line, described interconnection switch K4
It is arranged on the second connecting line.
The power distribution network of four times one group of intersection contact wiring of employing the most according to claim 5, its
Being characterised by, described four outlet switchs are respectively as follows: outlet switch KA, outlet switch KB, outlet
Switch KC and outlet switch KD, described outlet switch KA are arranged in the first supply line, institute
Stating outlet switch KB to be arranged in the second supply line, described outlet switch KC is arranged on the 3rd confession
In electric line, described outlet switch KD is arranged in the 4th supply line.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620131040.4U CN205583825U (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2016-02-19 | Adopt distribution network of four times a set of alternately contact wiring |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620131040.4U CN205583825U (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2016-02-19 | Adopt distribution network of four times a set of alternately contact wiring |
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| CN205583825U true CN205583825U (en) | 2016-09-14 |
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| CN201620131040.4U Active CN205583825U (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2016-02-19 | Adopt distribution network of four times a set of alternately contact wiring |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105576811A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-05-11 | 国网新疆电力公司经济技术研究院 | Power distribution network adopting four-loop-one-group crossed connection wiring |
| CN107565552A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-09 | 国网新疆电力公司经济技术研究院 | Power distribution network " returns " font contact wiring construction |
-
2016
- 2016-02-19 CN CN201620131040.4U patent/CN205583825U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105576811A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-05-11 | 国网新疆电力公司经济技术研究院 | Power distribution network adopting four-loop-one-group crossed connection wiring |
| CN107565552A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-09 | 国网新疆电力公司经济技术研究院 | Power distribution network " returns " font contact wiring construction |
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