CN205580501U - Outdoor thermal comfort degree monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an outdoor thermal comfort degree monitoring system that simple structure, be applicable to the thermal environment travelling comfort evaluation of outdoor entire -year. It still is equipped with the operation module that can acquire outdoor thermal comfort degree value including setting up in outdoor parameter sensor module, the data acquisition module of outdoor multiple spot department and setting up the central processing unit in the control room in central processing unit. Outdoor thermal comfort degree rate of accuracy through this monitoring system records is higher to make reasonable evaluation to outdoor thermal environment, and then guide the architectural design personnel to provide the corresponding measure and improve outdoor thermal environment, still can guide outdoor tourist's the outdoor activity time. Its accepted standard modBus A plurality of wireless transmitting module's signal is received to RTU communications protocol's wireless receiving module, realizes the multimetering and concentrates the function of receiving process. It integrates the degree height, the practicality is strong, the flexibility is strong, can be used to short -term the detection and monitors with long -term.

Description

Outdoor hot comfort monitoring system

Technical field

This utility model relates to a kind of weather monitoring system and monitoring method, particularly to a kind of system being monitored for outdoor hot comfort and monitoring method.

Background technology

Hot comfort is thermal environment physical quantity (such as temperature, humidity, air flow property etc.) and human body about the factor (such as skin temperature, skin moisture, the clothing thermal resistance etc.) index to a reflection level of comfort of human body comprehensive effect.

SET^*(Standard Effective Temperature, new standard effective temperature): based on the physical process of heat transfer in human body, comprise mean skin temperature and skin moisture (referring to the average skin temperature of human body surface and skin moisture), consider different level of activation and clothing thermal resistance, be the most general rational index evaluating outdoor thermal comfort.

nullIts definition is: equal to mean radiant temperature, (mean radiant temperature is the specific term in thermal environment field to certain air themperature，Refer to the environment surrounded surface mean temperature to human body radiation effect) isothermal environment in，Its relative humidity is 50%，Non-moving air is motionless，(standard garments thermal resistance is the specific term in thermal environment field to wear standard thermal resistance clothing in this context，It is defined as a quiet seated user 21 DEG C of air themperatures、Air velocity is less than 0.05m/s、Relative humidity is less than the thermal resistance of the required clothing that feel comfortably cool in the environment of 50%，Wear clothing thermal resistance during vest Wai Chuan Pudong's coat in being equivalent to) if people identical with his mean skin temperature under the conditions of actual environment and actual clothing thermal resistance and skin moisture time，Then must have identical heat loss，This temperature is exactly the SET of above-mentioned environment^*。

Patent 201210184844 discloses a kind of indoor thermal comfort evaluation system, and it uses PMV-PPD as thermal environment Comfort Evaluation index.But PMV-PPD thermal comfort index is primarily adapted for use in artificial room's environment of stable state, might not be suitable for for outdoor unsteady condition.Correlational study shows, SET^*It is more suitable for the Comfort Evaluation of annual outdoor thermal environment, and current domestic utilization SET^*The radio detection instrument evaluating outdoor thermal environment there is not yet.

Building outdoor environment monitoring, especially for the occasion needing long term monitoring, having a lot of actual problem to need to consider, the power supply of such as equipment, data transmission, data collection, long term monitoring stability, rainproof, multimetering etc., indoor associated hot comfortable monitoring system is difficult to meet requirement.At present, existing outdoor thermal comfort instrumentation mainly detects (corresponding with global detection, to refer to the detection of one measuring point of one-time detection) with short term detection (referring to detect for a long time more relatively short detection with the whole year), single-point and wire transmission is main.Therefore, develop the Long-term Monitoring Systems for outdoor thermal comfort, and consider the practical situation of outdoor thermal comfort monitoring, it is quite necessary to.

Utility model content

The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of simple in construction, the outdoor hot comfort monitoring system being applicable to outdoor entire-year thermal environment Comfort Evaluation and monitoring method thereof.

In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:

Outdoor hot comfort monitoring system of the present utility model, including the outdoor parameter sensors being arranged at outdoor multiple spot, data acquisition module and the central processing unit being arranged in control room, described data acquisition module sends the air themperature of described outdoor parameter sensors acquisition, air humidity, wind speed, WBGT to described central processing unit by wireless transmitter module and wireless receiving module.

Air velocity transducer in described outdoor parameter sensors uses impulse type vane anemometer.

This system also includes the movable suggestion advance notice module relevant to outdoor hot comfort.

Compared with prior art, this utility model uses and arranges outdoor parameter sensors, data acquisition module and the central processing unit being arranged in control room at outdoor multiple spot, and is provided with the monitoring system of the computing module that can obtain outdoor thermal comfort angle value in central processing unit.Make the outdoor hot comfort accuracy rate recorded by this monitoring system higher, thus outdoor thermal environment is made rational evaluation, and then instruct the measure of architectural design being proposed for property of personnel to improve outdoor thermal environment, also can instruct the outdoor activity time of outdoor travel person.

This utility model uses the wireless receiving module of standard ModBus-RTU communications protocol to receive the signal of multiple wireless transmitter modules, it is achieved the function that reception processes is concentrated in multimetering.Use SET^*As outdoor comfort evaluation index, data processing module, by the realization that programs in computer, utilizes test parameter, solves SET^*Thermal comfort equation, obtains the SET of test point^*.It can effectively detect outdoor thermal environment parameter, in conjunction with thermal comfort manikin, the most objective reflects outdoor thermal environment comfort level situation；It uses the data transmission that radio transmitting device carries out between data acquisition and procession device, it is simple to the collection of relevant test data and process.

This utility model integration degree is high, practical, motility strong, can be used for short term detection and long term monitoring, not only serves as the diagnostic tool of outdoor thermal environment, also coach for personnel's outdoor activity.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is this utility model system construction drawing.

Fig. 2 is this utility model outdoor module structure chart.

Fig. 3 is the display content example of this utility model display module.

Detailed description of the invention

Generally, what the thermal environment in outdoor personnel activity region directly affected the health status of outdoor personnel and outdoor activity region utilizes the time, and single outdoor air parameter, as air themperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation etc. are difficult to the thermal environment that comprehensive characterization is outdoor.Thermal comfort is the subjective satisfaction evaluation that ambient thermal conditions is done by people, combine the factors such as physical activity degree, clothing thermal resistance (clothing situation), air themperature, air humidity, mean radiant temperature, speed air flow, to meet Studies of Human Body Heat equilibrium equation as condition, by the changes in temperature sensation grade of the vast majority of people that subjective sensation test is determined, it is to evaluate the rational comprehensive parameters of outdoor thermal environment.The outdoor hot comfort monitoring system that this utility model is developed for the problems referred to above.

A kind of outdoor hot comfort wireless monitor system can carry out long-term dynamics monitoring to outdoor environment thermal comfort, and can realize multimetering, the function focusing on, store and showing.

Details are as follows for the technical solution adopted in the utility model:

As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, monitoring system of the present utility model includes: the outdoor parameter sensors module being made up of temperature sensor, humidity sensor, air velocity transducer and WBGT sensor, this module is placed in outdoor region to be measured, for gathering air themperature, relative air humidity, air velocity and the WBGT of outdoor measurement point；Data acquisition module, described data acquisition module, outdoor parameter outdoor air parameter sensors module being detected is timed collection；Wireless transmitter module, described wireless transmitter module is connected with data acquisition module, the data of data collecting module collected is sent with the form of wireless signal；Wireless receiving module, described wireless receiving module is disposed within, and for receiving the wireless signal that wireless transmitter module sends, a wireless receiving module can receive the wireless signal that multiple above-mentioned wireless transmitter module is launched；Communications protocol: use RS485 (standard ModBus) agreement；Data processing module, described data processing module is connected with wireless module, and the data receiving wireless module process according to thermal comfort manikin, obtain hot comfort；Display module, described display module is connected with data processing module, air parameter that display room outer air parameter measurement sensor assembly records and hot comfort；Power module, described power module is respectively connected with described outdoor parameter sensors module, data acquisition module and wireless transmitter module, powers for described outdoor parameter sensors module, data acquisition module and wireless transmitter module.

Described data processing module to measure air themperature, relative air humidity, wind speed and WBGT, and set people's active situation and clothing situation, according to thermal comfort equation SET^*Process, i.e. can get hot comfort.Shown in thermal comfort equation such as formula (1), mean radiant temperature is calculated by WBGT and obtains.

Q_sk=α '_SET(T_sk-SET^*)+ωα′_eSET(P_sk-0.5P_SET) (1)

In formula: Q_skThe total heat dissipation capacity of skin (W)；α′_SETStandard environment considers the comprehensive convection transfer rate (Wm of clothing thermal resistance^-2℃^-1)；T_skSkin temperature (DEG C)；ω skin moisture；α′_eSETStandard environment considers the comprehensive convective mass exchange coefficient (Wm of clothing thermal resistance^-2kPa^-1)；P_skThe steam partial pressure (kPa) of skin surface；P_SETStandard effective temperature SET^*Under saturated steam partial pressure (kPa).

This patent uses two nodal analysis methods of Gagge to calculate SET*.Human body is regarded as central core and skin layer two-layer by this model, and the dynamic thermal balance of two-layer is respectively as follows:

$m_{cr}{c}_{cr}\frac{{\mathrm{dT}}_{ct}}{d\mathrm{\τ}}=M+\mathrm{\Δ}M-W-C_{res}-E_{res}---\left(2\right)$

$m_{sk}{c}_{sk}\frac{{\mathrm{dT}}_{sk}}{d\mathrm{\τ}}=(K+m_{bl}{c}_{bl})(T_{cr}-T_{sk})-Q_{sk}---\left(3\right)$

In formula: T_crCentral core temperature (DEG C)；

m_crCentral core quality (kg), typically takes the 90% of body weight；

m_skSkin layer quality (kg), typically takes the 10% of body weight；

c_crCentral core specific heat, takes 3.5kJkg^-1℃^-1；

c_skSkin layer specific heat, takes 3.5kJkg^-1℃^-1；

K to the heat transfer coefficient of skin layer, is taken 5.28Wm by central core^-2℃^-1；

M metabolic rate (W)；

The mechanical power (W) that W human body is done；

C_resHuman body respiration sensible heat heat dissipation capacity (W), C_res=0.0014M (34-t_a)；

E_resHuman body respiration latent heat heat dissipation capacity (W), E_res=0.00173M (5.867-p_a)；

The metabolic rate (W) that Δ M ague causes, Δ M=19.4 (34.0-t_sk)(37.0-t_cr)；

m_blBlood flow (the Lh of skin layer^-1m^-2),

Q_skSkin sensible heat heat radiation S_skWith latent heat heat radiation E_skSummation (W), i.e. Q_sk=E_sk+S_sk.Wherein, E_skAgain it is believed that include sweat evaporation heat radiation E_rewDiffusion heat radiation E wet with skin_difTwo parts.

E_rewIt is calculated as follows E_rew=115.6 (T_b-36.49) (4)

T in formula_bHuman body mean temperature (DEG C), it is by T_skAnd T_crDetermine, be typically represented by T_b=0.9T_sk+0.1T_cr。

E_difThen calculated by following formula

E_dif=ω E_max-E_rew (5)

ω skin moisture in formula, ω=0.94E_rsw/E_max+0.06(℃)

E_maxSkin surface maximum latent heat heat exchange amount (Wm^-2),

Wherein, I_e,clFor latent heat heat exchange thermal resistance (m2kPaclo-1) from skin to garment facing surface；f_clFor the area coefficient of clothing, rough calculation can be carried out with 1.0+0.15clo；α_eFor convective mass exchange coefficient (Wm^-2kPa^-1), according to Lewis criterion, between mass transter coefficient and convection transfer rate α, there is following relation

α_c=16.5 α (6)

α is determined by the wind speed v of human peripheral, available following formula estimation

α=8.6v^0.53 (7)

It addition, skin sensible heat heat radiation S_skCan be calculated as follows

$S_{sk}=\frac{(T_{sk}-T_0)}{I_{s,cl}+1/\left(f_{cl}{h}_c\right)}---\left(8\right)$

In formula, I_c,clSensible heat transfer thermal resistance (m from skin to garment facing surface²kPaclo^-1)；

T₀Operation temperature (DEG C), it reflects air themperature T_aWith mean radiant temperature T_rComprehensive function, its calculating formula is as follows:

$T_0=\frac{h_r{T}_r+{\mathrm{\αT}}_a}{h_r+\mathrm{\α}}---\left(9\right)$

In formula, h_rRadiation heat transfer coefficient (Wm^-2℃^-1)。

This utility model uses plug-in, solves the most vertical for formula (1) to (9), obtains dynamic indoor and outdoor SET* value.

In addition to the parameter of the sensor acquisition in this utility model, calculating other parameters needed for SET* needs according to different situations manual entry.

Of the present utility model embodiment is described below in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and the most same or similar label indicates same or similar element.The embodiment described below with reference to accompanying drawing is exemplary, is only used for explaining this utility model, and can not be construed to restriction of the present utility model.

In the present embodiment, seeing Fig. 1, the composition arranging outdoor thermal comfort wireless monitor system includes: by outdoor parameter sensors module 1, data acquisition module 2, wireless transmitter module 3, wireless receiving module 4, data processing module 5, display module 6 and power module 7.

In being embodied as, see Fig. 2, outdoor parameter sensors module 1 is made up of air temperature sensor 8, air humidity sensor 9, air velocity transducer 10 and the WBGT sensor 11 being placed in outdoor, air temperature sensor 8 obtains the air themperature of outdoor measuring point, air humidity sensor 9 obtains the relative air humidity of outdoor measuring point, air velocity transducer 10 obtains outdoor measuring point wind speed, and WBGT sensor 11 obtains the WBGT of outdoor measuring point.

In being embodied as, described air themperature and relative humidity sensor use integrated chip, can directly export humiture digital signal, and measuring temperature range is-30～70 DEG C, and relative humidity measurement scope is 0～100%.Outside Temperature Humidity Sensor, equipped light-duty thermometer screen, prevents the impact on measurement result of solar radiation and rainwater, it is ensured that the effectiveness of test data.Air velocity transducer uses impulse type vane anemometer, and measuring wind speed range is 0～60m/s.WBGT sensor measurement scope 0～80 DEG C.

In being embodied as, described wireless receiving module can receive the signal of multiple wireless transmitter module, it is achieved the function that reception processes is concentrated in multimetering.

In being embodied as, described data processing module, by the realization that programs in computer, utilizes test parameter, solves SET^*Thermal comfort equation, obtains the SET of test point^*, and to SET^*Store with the outdoor parameter obtained.Wherein SET^*Calculating relate to six parameters: air themperature, relative air humidity, air wind speed, mean radiant temperature, human metabolism and human body clothes thermal resistance.Air themperature, relative air humidity and air wind speed are the parameter that test obtains, and mean radiant temperature is calculated by WBGT and obtains.Clothing thermal resistance is by determining season (clothing thermal resistance can determine by inquiring about 2009 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals handbooks according to the form that human body is worn the clothes), and the physical activity form (physical activity form can determine by inquiring about 2009 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals handbooks) that human metabolism leads according to measuring point determines.Formula (10) is shown in the calculating being calculated mean radiant temperature by WBGT.

$T_g=\sqrt[4]{T_g^4+\frac{h_c}{\mathrm{\σ}\mathrm{\ϵ}}(T_g-T_a)}---\left(10\right)$

In formula, Tg is WBGT, K；Hc is black ball surface coefficient of heat transfer, W/ (m²·K)；ε is slin emissivity；σ is this fence-Boltzmann constant of making a mistake, 5.67 × 10-8W/ (m²·K4)；Ta is air themperature, K.

In being embodied as, described display module is included by the realization that programs in computer, display content: the distribution map of test point, the data acquisition time of test point, the SET of test point^*, comfortable, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, WBGT, and provide the movable suggestion of test point, Show Styles example is shown in Fig. 3.

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that this utility model is not limited to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, and in the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the present utility model, it is possible to realize this utility model in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter from the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, scope of the present utility model is limited by claims rather than described above, it is intended that all changes fallen in the implication of equivalency and scope of claim included in this utility model.Should not be considered as limiting involved claim by any reference in claim.

In addition, it is to be understood that, although this specification is been described by according to embodiment, but the most each embodiment only comprises an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of description is only for clarity sake, description should can also be formed, through appropriately combined, other embodiments that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that as an entirety, the technical scheme in each embodiment by those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

1. an outdoor hot comfort monitoring system, including the outdoor parameter sensors being arranged at outdoor multiple spot, data acquisition module and the central processing unit being arranged in control room, it is characterised in that: described data acquisition module sends the air themperature of described outdoor parameter sensors acquisition, air humidity, wind speed, WBGT to described central processing unit by wireless transmitter module and wireless receiving module.

Outdoor hot comfort monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the air velocity transducer in described outdoor parameter sensors uses impulse type vane anemometer.

Outdoor hot comfort monitoring system the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: this system also includes the movable suggestion advance notice module relevant to outdoor hot comfort.